API Endpoint for journals.

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            },
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Book Reviews",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2hk202zd",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Vincent",
                    "middle_name": "M.",
                    "last_name": "Gonzales",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "",
                    "department": ""
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2013-06-28T04:53:47+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2013-06-28T04:53:47+08:00",
            "date_published": "1990-01-01T08:00:00+08:00",
            "render_galley": null,
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                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_jelp/article/60404/galley/46369/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 4992,
            "title": "The Relationship Between Social Behavior and Genital Swelling in Captive Female Chimpanzees:  Implications for Managing Chimpanzee (\nPan troglodytes\n) Groups",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "This study was conducted as a portion of a project investigating relationships among reproductive cycling, aggression, and wounding in captive chimpanzees. Changes in behavior associated with the genital swelling of 11 adult female chimpanzees socially housed in four different groups were measured using 282 hours of data gathered within a 20-month period. The females' perineal swellings were rated daily using a five-point scale indicating level of tumescence. Behaviors recorded when the animals were detumescent were compared with behaviors when their sexual swellings were maximal. In addition to the subject's genital swelling rating, two factors, the male-to-female ratio in the groups and the presence or absence of a tumescent female other than the focal animal, were also included in the analysis. Multiple regression analysis revealed significant effects of each of the three factors. Significantly higher levels of sexual behavior and lower levels of submission were associated with the tumescent stage of cycling. Scores for affiliation, aggression, abnormal behavior, inactivity, locomoting, and being followed did not vary significantly with swelling phase. Group structure (male-to-female ratios) affected affiliation, locomoting, being followed, and aggression levels. Affiliation, submission, and locomoting were influenced by the presence of a tumescent female in the group. Proximity to other adult females increased during the tumescent stage of swelling, but proximity to adult males did not change. The group structure and whether or not a tumescent female was present affected various aspects of proximity to all age/sex classes of group members. Some findings from this study may be explained by the long-term stability of group membership in the colony studied, and implications for colony management are discussed.",
            "language": "en",
            "license": {
                "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.\r\n\r\nNo additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "International Journal of Comparative Psychology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Behavior"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Behaviour"
                },
                {
                    "word": "learning"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Behavioral Taxonomy"
                },
                {
                    "word": "cognition"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Cognitive Processes"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Relationship"
                },
                {
                    "word": "social behavior"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Gential"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Swelling"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Captive"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Female"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Chimpanzee"
                }
            ],
            "section": "Research Article",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3hs7831b",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "M",
                    "middle_name": "A",
                    "last_name": "Bloomsmith",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "",
                    "department": "None"
                },
                {
                    "first_name": "S",
                    "middle_name": "P",
                    "last_name": "Lambeth",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "",
                    "department": "None"
                },
                {
                    "first_name": "P",
                    "middle_name": "L",
                    "last_name": "Alford",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "",
                    "department": "None"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2012-10-05T07:13:02+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2012-10-05T07:13:02+08:00",
            "date_published": "1990-01-01T08:00:00+08:00",
            "render_galley": null,
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                    "label": "",
                    "type": "",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclapsych_ijcp/article/4992/galley/2873/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 60963,
            "title": "The Sino-British Agreement and Nationality: Hong Kong's Future in the Hands of the People's Republic of China",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "[No abstract]",
            "language": "en",
            "license": {
                "name": "",
                "short_name": "",
                "text": null,
                "url": ""
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Articles",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9j3546s0",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Christine",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Chua",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "",
                    "department": ""
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2014-03-28T07:20:34+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2014-03-28T07:20:34+08:00",
            "date_published": "1990-01-01T08:00:00+08:00",
            "render_galley": null,
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                    "label": "",
                    "type": "pdf",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_pblj/article/60963/galley/46926/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 55683,
            "title": "The State and Rural Development in Nigeria",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "No abstract",
            "language": "en",
            "license": null,
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Articles",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9b24h819",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Nereus",
                    "middle_name": "I.A.",
                    "last_name": "Nwosu",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "",
                    "department": ""
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2013-03-18T19:02:50+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2013-03-18T19:02:50+08:00",
            "date_published": "1990-01-01T08:00:00+08:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
                {
                    "label": "",
                    "type": "pdf",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ufahamu/article/55683/galley/42070/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 57630,
            "title": "The Sunset of Affirmative Action: \nCity of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co.",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "",
            "language": "en",
            "license": {
                "name": "",
                "short_name": "",
                "text": null,
                "url": ""
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Comments",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1f8906q3",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Cristopher",
                    "middle_name": "H.",
                    "last_name": "Davis",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "",
                    "department": ""
                },
                {
                    "first_name": "Darrell",
                    "middle_name": "D.",
                    "last_name": "Jackson",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "",
                    "department": ""
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2015-04-21T14:12:49+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2015-04-21T14:12:49+08:00",
            "date_published": "1990-01-01T08:00:00+08:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
                {
                    "label": "",
                    "type": "pdf",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_nblj/article/57630/galley/43807/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 55719,
            "title": "Three Poems",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "No abstract",
            "language": "en",
            "license": null,
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Poetry",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6xx2f6p1",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Abdoulaye",
                    "middle_name": "Dijibo",
                    "last_name": "Harouna",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "",
                    "department": ""
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2013-03-18T19:23:44+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2013-03-18T19:23:44+08:00",
            "date_published": "1990-01-01T08:00:00+08:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
                {
                    "label": "",
                    "type": "pdf",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ufahamu/article/55719/galley/42106/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 55706,
            "title": "To Dada",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "No abstract",
            "language": "en",
            "license": null,
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Poetry",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/42x0c1b4",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Francis",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Aggor",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "",
                    "department": ""
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2013-03-18T19:15:37+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2013-03-18T19:15:37+08:00",
            "date_published": "1990-01-01T08:00:00+08:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
                {
                    "label": "",
                    "type": "pdf",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ufahamu/article/55706/galley/42093/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 60952,
            "title": "Toward Prosperity? Some Aspects of Recent Economic Deregulation in New Zealand",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "[No abstract]",
            "language": "en",
            "license": {
                "name": "",
                "short_name": "",
                "text": null,
                "url": ""
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Articles",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7675d094",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Richard",
                    "middle_name": "J.",
                    "last_name": "Osborne",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "",
                    "department": ""
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2014-03-28T07:07:28+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2014-03-28T07:07:28+08:00",
            "date_published": "1990-01-01T08:00:00+08:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
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                    "label": "",
                    "type": "pdf",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/uclalaw_pblj/article/60952/galley/46915/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 55684,
            "title": "Traditions, Politics, and African Detective Fiction",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "No abstract",
            "language": "en",
            "license": null,
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Articles",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2892m439",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Emmanuel",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Yewah",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "",
                    "department": ""
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2013-03-18T19:03:14+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2013-03-18T19:03:14+08:00",
            "date_published": "1990-01-01T08:00:00+08:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
                {
                    "label": "",
                    "type": "pdf",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ufahamu/article/55684/galley/42071/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 55708,
            "title": "Two Poems",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "No abstract",
            "language": "en",
            "license": null,
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Poetry",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6gj82682",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Michael",
                    "middle_name": "A.",
                    "last_name": "Cullen",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "",
                    "department": ""
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2013-03-18T19:16:27+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2013-03-18T19:16:27+08:00",
            "date_published": "1990-01-01T08:00:00+08:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
                {
                    "label": "",
                    "type": "pdf",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ufahamu/article/55708/galley/42095/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 55707,
            "title": "Two Poems",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "No abstract",
            "language": "en",
            "license": null,
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Poetry",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5t24z25s",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Seble",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Dawit",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "",
                    "department": ""
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2013-03-18T19:16:05+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2013-03-18T19:16:05+08:00",
            "date_published": "1990-01-01T08:00:00+08:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
                {
                    "label": "",
                    "type": "pdf",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ufahamu/article/55707/galley/42094/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 55720,
            "title": "Two Poems",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "No abstract",
            "language": "en",
            "license": null,
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Poetry",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1j35c8cw",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Yonas",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Admassu",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "",
                    "department": ""
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2013-03-18T19:24:13+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2013-03-18T19:24:13+08:00",
            "date_published": "1990-01-01T08:00:00+08:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
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                    "label": "",
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                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ufahamu/article/55720/galley/42107/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 55689,
            "title": "Two Poems",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "No abstract",
            "language": "en",
            "license": null,
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Poetry",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7n55b1jd",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Titi",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Obanure",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "",
                    "department": ""
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2013-03-18T19:06:17+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2013-03-18T19:06:17+08:00",
            "date_published": "1990-01-01T08:00:00+08:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
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                    "label": "",
                    "type": "pdf",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ufahamu/article/55689/galley/42076/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 53351,
            "title": "Victoria Ocampo: Some Perspectives on the Autobiografia",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "n/a",
            "language": "en",
            "license": {
                "name": "",
                "short_name": "",
                "text": null,
                "url": ""
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Articles",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5bw852g2",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Amalia",
                    "middle_name": "I.",
                    "last_name": "Pereira",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "",
                    "department": ""
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2018-07-24T00:36:26+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2018-07-24T00:36:26+08:00",
            "date_published": "1990-01-01T08:00:00+08:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
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                    "label": "",
                    "type": "pdf",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/lucero/article/53351/galley/40261/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 53315,
            "title": "Victoria Ocampo: Some Perspectives on the Autobiografía",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "n/a",
            "language": "en",
            "license": {
                "name": "",
                "short_name": "",
                "text": null,
                "url": ""
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Spanish-American Literature",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2jf7h1cm",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Amalia",
                    "middle_name": "I.",
                    "last_name": "Pereira",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "University of California, Berkeley",
                    "department": ""
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2018-05-22T08:00:54+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2018-05-22T08:00:54+08:00",
            "date_published": "1990-01-01T08:00:00+08:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
                {
                    "label": "",
                    "type": "pdf",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/lucero/article/53315/galley/40227/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 53344,
            "title": "Vision, Desire and the Reader of the Polifemo",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "n/a",
            "language": "en",
            "license": {
                "name": "",
                "short_name": "",
                "text": null,
                "url": ""
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Articles",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1xv5d058",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Stephen",
                    "middle_name": "B.",
                    "last_name": "Raulston",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "",
                    "department": ""
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2018-07-24T00:25:52+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2018-07-24T00:25:52+08:00",
            "date_published": "1990-01-01T08:00:00+08:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
                {
                    "label": "",
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                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/lucero/article/53344/galley/40254/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 53308,
            "title": "Vision, Desire and the Reader of the Polifemo",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "n/a",
            "language": "en",
            "license": {
                "name": "",
                "short_name": "",
                "text": null,
                "url": ""
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Spanish Literature",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0zb7j9x0",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Stephen",
                    "middle_name": "B.",
                    "last_name": "Raulston",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "University of California, Berkeley",
                    "department": ""
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2018-05-22T05:37:22+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2018-05-22T05:37:22+08:00",
            "date_published": "1990-01-01T08:00:00+08:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
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                    "label": "",
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                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/lucero/article/53308/galley/40220/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 55691,
            "title": "War Games",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "No abstract",
            "language": "en",
            "license": null,
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Poetry",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2522s9pd",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Christine",
                    "middle_name": "Choi",
                    "last_name": "Ahmed",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "",
                    "department": ""
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2013-03-18T19:07:09+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2013-03-18T19:07:09+08:00",
            "date_published": "1990-01-01T08:00:00+08:00",
            "render_galley": null,
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                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ufahamu/article/55691/galley/42078/download/"
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        },
        {
            "pk": 55705,
            "title": "Why?",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "No abstract",
            "language": "en",
            "license": null,
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Poetry",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3r6673jm",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Bernice",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Greenberg",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "",
                    "department": ""
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2013-03-18T19:15:12+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2013-03-18T19:15:12+08:00",
            "date_published": "1990-01-01T08:00:00+08:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
                {
                    "label": "",
                    "type": "pdf",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ufahamu/article/55705/galley/42092/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 55718,
            "title": "Women of Eastern and Southern Africa: Bibliography, 1976-1985, by Davis A. Bullwinkle",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "No abstract",
            "language": "en",
            "license": null,
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Book Reviews",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9q34v4r8",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Duke",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "More",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "",
                    "department": ""
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2013-03-18T19:23:20+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2013-03-18T19:23:20+08:00",
            "date_published": "1990-01-01T08:00:00+08:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
                {
                    "label": "",
                    "type": "pdf",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ufahamu/article/55718/galley/42105/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 55700,
            "title": "Zimbabwean Collectibles, by Isabella Pupurai Matsikidze",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "No abstract",
            "language": "en",
            "license": null,
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Book Reviews",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9hv1k6xx",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Ali",
                    "middle_name": "Jimale",
                    "last_name": "Ahmed",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "",
                    "department": ""
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2013-03-18T19:12:13+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2013-03-18T19:12:13+08:00",
            "date_published": "1990-01-01T08:00:00+08:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
                {
                    "label": "",
                    "type": "pdf",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ufahamu/article/55700/galley/42087/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 3583,
            "title": "Abstracts and Titles of Student Work",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "Recent PhD Dissertations, Masters Thesis and Professional Reports from the Departmet of City and Regional Planning.",
            "language": "en",
            "license": null,
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "DCRP News",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7mk3x4d7",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "DCRP",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Students",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "",
                    "department": "None"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2012-07-28T05:05:47+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2012-07-28T05:05:47+08:00",
            "date_published": "1989-07-27T16:00:00+09:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
                {
                    "label": "",
                    "type": "",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucb_crp_bpj/article/3583/galley/2340/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 3577,
            "title": "Economic Development and Technological Change in Rural Australia: Some Critical Policy Issues",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "The paper discusses the status of the rural economy in Aus­ tralia, emphasizing that agriculture, and primary industry in general, have historically played a dominant role in national economic development and have occupied a prime position in general economic policy. In this context, rural develo ment policy in Australia has consisted mainly of measures to expand agricultural production through a pattern of capital­ intensive technological change aimed at minimizing labor in­ puts and maximizing land-labor ratios. While leading to vety high levels of labor productivity, this approach has failed to prevent the wider rural economy from deteriorating in many communities. It has also been accompanied by a deteriora­ tion in the overall economic performance of the agriculture sector itself, despite continued improvements in certain po ularly quoted agricultural indicators (such as gross physical production). The paper argues that Australia's rural policies andprograms have not taken adequate account ofstructural changes in the national and international economy. It con­ cludes that improvements in the rural economy will require a new approach which includes: (1) the replacement of \"growth in agriculturalproduction• as the main focus ofrural policy by a new paradigm concerned with \"integrated rural development\"; and (2) a new emphasis on technology policy as a tool for ensuring that the pattern of technological prac­ tice in agriculture and other rural industries is developed to fit properly the underlying economic conditions.",
            "language": "en",
            "license": null,
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Articles",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8vc8z19g",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Kelvin",
                    "middle_name": "W.",
                    "last_name": "Willoughby",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "",
                    "department": "None"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2012-07-28T04:47:54+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2012-07-28T04:47:54+08:00",
            "date_published": "1989-07-27T16:00:00+09:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
                {
                    "label": "",
                    "type": "",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucb_crp_bpj/article/3577/galley/2334/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 3578,
            "title": "Employment Policy in Sweden: National Goals and Regional Development",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "This article describes the development of Swedish employ­ ment policy under the leadership of the Social Democratic Party from 1932 to the present. The Swedish case illustrates how national employment policies may form the basis of industrial and regional development policy, such that the diverse goals of full employment, inflation control, and sus­ tained economic growth may be simultaneously achieved. The price Sweden has paid for its full employment policy has primarily been the policy's contribution to uneven regional economic development. The article focuses on the institu­ tional and political context for Swedish policy development, the creation of the Swedish Model, and employment and regional development policy today.",
            "language": "en",
            "license": null,
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Articles",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1594s12x",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "John",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Lederer",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "",
                    "department": "None"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2012-07-28T04:50:46+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2012-07-28T04:50:46+08:00",
            "date_published": "1989-07-27T16:00:00+09:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
                {
                    "label": "",
                    "type": "",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucb_crp_bpj/article/3578/galley/2335/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 3582,
            "title": "Fires, Cities, and the \"Let it Burn\" Policy: Towards a New Theory of Urban Development",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "Last summer's fires in Yellowstone National Park and other public lands -- and the federal government's response to these disasters -­ have led to a renewed public debate in the United States on forest-fire­ fighting policies. At stake are the new \"let it burn\" policies, which allow forest fires of natural origin to burn in a controlled situation. Though the U.S. Park Service was severely criticized during the 1988 fire season for apparent neglect of its forest resources, the Service continues to main­ tain its case for burning, citing the positive long-term effect of fires.",
            "language": "en",
            "license": null,
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Urban Fringe",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/92h9p75v",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Nad",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Nadolski",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "",
                    "department": "None"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2012-07-28T05:03:47+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2012-07-28T05:03:47+08:00",
            "date_published": "1989-07-27T16:00:00+09:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
                {
                    "label": "",
                    "type": "",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucb_crp_bpj/article/3582/galley/2339/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 3579,
            "title": "Hazardous Waste Contamination: Implications for Commercial/Industrial Land Transactions in Silicon Valley",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "More than 400 hazardous waste contamination sites exist in California's Silicon Valley. Zealous enforcement of deanup laws and the threat of litigation have meant that toxic con­ tamination can drastically affect market values of property. Uability insurance to cover cleanup costs is virtually unavail­ able. However, Silicon Valley's competitive commerdal/ industrial real estate market has forced buyers and sellers to allocate the risks posed by contaminated properties instead of immediately terminating transactions. Nine case studies in this article illustrate that many contaminated properties in Silicon Valley continue to sell at near-market prices. Such land transfers are now routinely subject to an array of mech­ anisms designed to internalize the costs of cleanup, includ­ ing in-depth environmental risk assessments, detailed pur­ chase agreements, and long escrow periods during which cleanup can begin.",
            "language": "en",
            "license": null,
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Articles",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8j90p3h5",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Diane",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Scholz",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "",
                    "department": "None"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2012-07-28T04:54:50+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2012-07-28T04:54:50+08:00",
            "date_published": "1989-07-27T16:00:00+09:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
                {
                    "label": "",
                    "type": "",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucb_crp_bpj/article/3579/galley/2336/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 3581,
            "title": "Planning in the Face of Power by John Forester",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "john Forester's new book pursues several objectives: to apply criti­ cal social theory to the study of planning, to make sense of the micro­ processes that constitute planning practice, and to help planners be progressive practitioners. Forester brings together, in a single volume, essays which have appeared in various journals since 1 980 and which have been reworked as chapters for this publication. The key concep­ tual development in this work consists of redefining planning in terms of communicative action and of refining advocacy planning with \"the practical recognition of systematic sources of misinformation\" (p. 46). For Forester, planning involves not only technical analysis, but primarily a clash of arguments and social identities. Progressive planning there­ fore requires arguing and organizing, as well as an emancipation from oppressive structures. His is an important, valuable, praiseworthy work.",
            "language": "en",
            "license": null,
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Book Reviews",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6299b40d",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Raphael",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Fischler",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "",
                    "department": "None"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2012-07-28T05:01:01+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2012-07-28T05:01:01+08:00",
            "date_published": "1989-07-27T16:00:00+09:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
                {
                    "label": "",
                    "type": "",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucb_crp_bpj/article/3581/galley/2338/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 3575,
            "title": "Preliminary Findings on San Francisco Bay Area Nonprofit Housing Developers",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "A study of San Francisco Bay Area nonprofit housing devel­ opers shows that they have the organizational capability to be an agent of low-income ho using policy. They are relatively productive and serve predominantly very-low-income house­ holds. Their organizations tend to be well established, with significant staff levels, wide geographic service areas, and substantialgovernment support. Both the nonprofit housing developer organizations and their /ow-income housing pro­ jects depend heavily on government resources. Thus, non­ profit housing developers offer not an independent alterna­ tive to government, but rather represent a hardworking, dedicated partner.",
            "language": "en",
            "license": null,
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Articles",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1wm6m81k",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Ayse",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Pamuk",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "",
                    "department": "None"
                },
                {
                    "first_name": "Karen",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Christensen",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "",
                    "department": "None"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2012-07-28T04:40:29+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2012-07-28T04:40:29+08:00",
            "date_published": "1989-07-27T16:00:00+09:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
                {
                    "label": "",
                    "type": "",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucb_crp_bpj/article/3575/galley/2332/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 3580,
            "title": "Regional Histories and the Cycle of Industrial Innovation: A Review of Some Recent Literature",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "Most mainstream models that attempt to account for the local occurrence of innovative activity and the rate and pattern of its spatial diffusion build on an ahistorical method of inquiry borrowed from neo­ classical economics, an apparatus geared in any case toward explana­ tions of spatial economic convergence rather than regional differentia­ tion (cf. Hagerstrand 1 953; Berry 1 97 1 ; Krumme and Hayter 1 975; Nor­ ton and Rees 1 979). Disequilibrium theories that attempt to account for stubborn tendencies toward the spatial polarization of innovative activi­ ty in the real world also focus mainly on the explication of abstract eco­ nomic factors (in general, internal or external economies and disecono­ mies of scale) which may trigger or inhibit the interregional or interna­ tional transmission of growth (Myrdal 1 957; Vernon 1 966, 1 979; Krug­ man 1 979; Markusen 1 985). None of these theories accounts for the actual location of innovative activity, much less the influence that local culture and history may have on the innovative process. Even much of the radical literature tends to reduce evidence of local specificity to rigid displays of class structure; it is unabl_e, therefore, to admit any locally-specific non-class effects as factors in the historically-specific generation and diffusion of technological change (Biaikie 1 978; Gregory 1 985).",
            "language": "en",
            "license": null,
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Essays",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/15t3247z",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Jay",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Stowsky",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "",
                    "department": "None"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2012-07-28T04:57:48+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2012-07-28T04:57:48+08:00",
            "date_published": "1989-07-27T16:00:00+09:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
                {
                    "label": "",
                    "type": "",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucb_crp_bpj/article/3580/galley/2337/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 3576,
            "title": "The Other Energy Crisis: Managing Urban Household Energy Use in Senegal",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "The persistent and growing demand for woodfuels in devel­ oping countries constitutes an important, often ign ored resource and environmental problem. To gauge the impact ofthis other energy crisis, the case ofSenegal in the 1990s is assessed, focusing on the important urban household sub­ sector. A disagrg egated database is used to highlight the problems of increasing urban energy demand met by unsus­ tainable rural woodfuel supply, and the inadequacy of exist­ ing policies and programs. A flexible, consumer-oriented strategy is recommended, based on biomass supply system management, interfuel substitution, conservation, and a sound pricing policy.",
            "language": "en",
            "license": null,
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Articles",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/69w2h626",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Josef",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Leitmann",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "",
                    "department": "None"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2012-07-28T04:44:07+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2012-07-28T04:44:07+08:00",
            "date_published": "1989-07-27T16:00:00+09:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
                {
                    "label": "",
                    "type": "",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucb_crp_bpj/article/3576/galley/2333/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 3574,
            "title": "Another Development: Possibilities of a Counter-Hegemonic Planning",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "How do we approach the question of an alternative develop­ ment (for the Third World no less than for the First) in ways that go beyond mere literary utopias? This essay seeks to ex­ plore this question by examining the kinds of behavior that are revealed as the so-called popular classes of Latin Ameri­ can cities confront their daily struggles of survival and liveli­ hood. It is agued that their behavior reflects an existential Reason that must be balanced off against the cognitive Rea­ son which underlies the Enlightenment model ofmoderniza­ tion. Four aspects of this model are examined: in metaphys­ ics, epistemology, philosophical anthropology, and the legal­ political order. The essay concludes by aguing that existen­ tial and cognitive Reason stand in a dialectical relationship where each defines and sets limits to the other, thus preven­ ting the totalization of any model, including the hegemonic model of capitalist modernization.",
            "language": "en",
            "license": null,
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Articles",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1km4d87j",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "John",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Friedmann",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "",
                    "department": "None"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2012-07-26T09:44:26+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2012-07-26T09:44:26+08:00",
            "date_published": "1989-07-25T16:00:00+09:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
                {
                    "label": "",
                    "type": "",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucb_crp_bpj/article/3574/galley/2331/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 3573,
            "title": "Introduction",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "As Eve said to Adam as they passed through the gates of Eden, \"It appears that we are entering a period of transition.\"\n \nYes, we here at the Berkeley Planning journal also seem to be in a perpetual state of transition. This is, one might suppose, the fate of any student publication. Unlike a \"real\" journal with a permanent staff, our publication is dependent upon the efforts of a group of individuals who are, despite their tendencies toward the contrary, only passing through. In his introduction to the last issue, Cliff Ellis called for succes­ sors to come forward and assume responsibility for the Journal, as each founding member slipped quietly into obscure retirement from student life.",
            "language": "en",
            "license": null,
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Editorial Notes",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5pd4w1p2",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Stephen",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Tyler",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "",
                    "department": "None"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2012-07-26T09:42:37+08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2012-07-26T09:42:37+08:00",
            "date_published": "1989-07-25T16:00:00+09:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
                {
                    "label": "",
                    "type": "",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/ucb_crp_bpj/article/3573/galley/2330/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 36668,
            "title": "1989-1990 CATESOL Board of Directors",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "",
            "language": "eng",
            "license": null,
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Article",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4303j948",
            "frozenauthors": [],
            "date_submitted": null,
            "date_accepted": null,
            "date_published": "1989-01-02T02:00:00+08:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
                {
                    "label": "PDF",
                    "type": "pdf",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/catesoljournal/article/36668/galley/27518/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 30851,
            "title": "Abduction and World Model Revision",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "Abduction is the process of constructing explanations. This paper suggests that abduction is to \"world model revisions\" — dramatic changes in systems of beliefs such as occur in children's cognitive development and in scientific revolutions. The paper describes a model of belief revision based upon hypothesis formation by abduction. When a contradiction between an observation and an existing model or theory about the physical world is encountered, the best course is often simply to suppress parts of the original theory thrown into question by the contradiction and to derive an explanation of the anomalous observation based on relatively solid, basic principles. This process of looking for explanations of unexpected new phenomena can lead by abductive inference to new hypotheses that can form crucial parts of a revised theory. As an illustration, the paper shows how one of Lavoisier's key insights during the Chemical Revolution can be viewed as an example of hypothesis formation by abduction.",
            "language": "eng",
            "license": {
                "name": "",
                "short_name": "",
                "text": null,
                "url": ""
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Poster Presentations",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0zr2z48x",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Paul",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "O'Rorke",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "University of California, Irvine",
                    "department": ""
                },
                {
                    "first_name": "Stephen",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Morris",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "University of California, Irvine",
                    "department": ""
                },
                {
                    "first_name": "David",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Schulenburg",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "University of California, Irvine",
                    "department": ""
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": null,
            "date_accepted": null,
            "date_published": "1989-01-02T02:00:00+08:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
                {
                    "label": "PDF",
                    "type": "pdf",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30851/galley/20700/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 36666,
            "title": "Abstracts",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "",
            "language": "eng",
            "license": null,
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Article",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4rn86974",
            "frozenauthors": [],
            "date_submitted": null,
            "date_accepted": null,
            "date_published": "1989-01-02T02:00:00+08:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
                {
                    "label": "PDF",
                    "type": "pdf",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/catesoljournal/article/36666/galley/27516/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 30858,
            "title": "A Case for Symbolic/Sub-symbolic Hybrids",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "This paper considers the question of what qualities are necessary for an AI system to be a hybrid of symbolic and sub-symbolic approaches. Definitions of symbolic and sub-symbolic systems are given. SCALIR, a hybrid system for information retrieval, is presented, and then used to show how both symbolic and sub-symbolic processing can be combined. Arguments against SCALIR's hybrid nature are presented and rejected.",
            "language": "eng",
            "license": {
                "name": "",
                "short_name": "",
                "text": null,
                "url": ""
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Poster Presentations",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3nd6h71m",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Daniel",
                    "middle_name": "E.",
                    "last_name": "Rose",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "University of California, San Diego",
                    "department": ""
                },
                {
                    "first_name": "Richard",
                    "middle_name": "K.",
                    "last_name": "Belew",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "University of California, San Diego",
                    "department": ""
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": null,
            "date_accepted": null,
            "date_published": "1989-01-02T02:00:00+08:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
                {
                    "label": "PDF",
                    "type": "pdf",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30858/galley/20707/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 30792,
            "title": "A Configural-Cur Network Model of Animal and Human Associative Learning",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "test a configural-cue network model of human classification and recognition learning based on Rescorla & Wagner's (1972) model of classical conditioning. The model extends the stimulus representation assumptions from our earlier one-layer network model (Gluck & Bower, 1988b) to include pair-wise conjunctions of features as unique cues. Like the exemplar context model of Medin & Schaffer(1978), the representational assumptions of the configural-cue network model embody an implicit exponential decay relationship between stimulus similarity and and psychological (Hamming) distance, a relationship which has received substantial independent empirical and theoretical support (Shepard, 1957,1987). In addition to results from animal learning, the model accounts for several aspects of complex human category learning, including the relationship between category similarity and linear separability in determining classification difficulty (Medin &Schwanenflugel, 1981), the relationship between classification and recognition memory for instances (Hayes-Roth & Hayes-Roth, 1977), and the impact of correlated attributes on classification (Medin, Altom, Edelson, & Freko, 1982).",
            "language": "eng",
            "license": {
                "name": "",
                "short_name": "",
                "text": null,
                "url": ""
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Paper Presentations",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9zt7z0hv",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Mark",
                    "middle_name": "A.",
                    "last_name": "Gluck",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "Stanford University",
                    "department": ""
                },
                {
                    "first_name": "Gordon",
                    "middle_name": "H.",
                    "last_name": "Bower",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "Stanford University",
                    "department": ""
                },
                {
                    "first_name": "Michael",
                    "middle_name": "R.",
                    "last_name": "Hee",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "Stanford University",
                    "department": ""
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": null,
            "date_accepted": null,
            "date_published": "1989-01-02T02:00:00+08:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
                {
                    "label": "PDF",
                    "type": "pdf",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30792/galley/20641/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 30822,
            "title": "A Conncetionist Model of Category Size Effects During Learning",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "This paper reports the results of category learning experiments in which the number of exemplars defining a category during learning was varied. These results reveal that category exemplars from larger sized categories are classified more accurately than those from smaller-sized categories. This was true both early and late in learning. In addition, subjects exhibited a response bias toward classifying exemplars into larger-sized categories throughout learning. A connectionist model is developed which exhibits these same tendencies.",
            "language": "eng",
            "license": {
                "name": "",
                "short_name": "",
                "text": null,
                "url": ""
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Poster Presentations",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/80j587sh",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Timothy",
                    "middle_name": "J.",
                    "last_name": "Breen",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "Boeing Advanced Technology Center",
                    "department": ""
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": null,
            "date_accepted": null,
            "date_published": "1989-01-02T02:00:00+08:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
                {
                    "label": "PDF",
                    "type": "pdf",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30822/galley/20671/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 30776,
            "title": "A Conncetionist Model of Form-related Priming Effects",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "In contrast to the results of many previous studies, Colombo (1986) has demonstrated that form related priming is sometimes inhibitory. Colombo proposed that inhibition reflects the suppression of lexical items orthographically related to the prime. We suggest, however, that form-related inhibition arises as a result of competition between discrepant prime-target phonemes. During the phonological encoding of the target word, active phonemes from the prime might be mistakenly selected, causing a delay in responding. We present a connectionist model that implements this account, and simulates tiie empirical data. The model is supported by the results of an experiment that distinguishes between the lexical suppression and phonological competition views",
            "language": "eng",
            "license": {
                "name": "",
                "short_name": "",
                "text": null,
                "url": ""
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Paper Presentations",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5j63d134",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Robert",
                    "middle_name": "R.",
                    "last_name": "Peterson",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "University of Rochester",
                    "department": ""
                },
                {
                    "first_name": "Gary",
                    "middle_name": "S.",
                    "last_name": "Dell",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "University of Rochester",
                    "department": ""
                },
                {
                    "first_name": "Padraig",
                    "middle_name": "G.",
                    "last_name": "O'Seaghdha",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "University of Rochester",
                    "department": ""
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": null,
            "date_accepted": null,
            "date_published": "1989-01-02T02:00:00+08:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
                {
                    "label": "PDF",
                    "type": "pdf",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30776/galley/20625/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 30823,
            "title": "A Connectionist Model of Phonological Short-Term Memory",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "connectionist model of phonological short-term memory is described. The model makes use of existing connectionist techniques, develoj)ed to account for the production and perception of speech and other sequential data, to implement a model of the articulatory rehearsal involved in short-term retention of verbal information. The model is shown to be consistent with a wide range of experimental data, and can be interfaced with existing connectionist models of word recognition. The model illustrates, within a connectionist framework, how the mechanisms of speech perception and production can be recruited for the temporary storage of information. Advantages of this strategy are discussed.",
            "language": "eng",
            "license": {
                "name": "",
                "short_name": "",
                "text": null,
                "url": ""
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Poster Presentations",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/24j4k1cw",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Gordon",
                    "middle_name": "D. A.",
                    "last_name": "Brown",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "University College of North Wales",
                    "department": ""
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": null,
            "date_accepted": null,
            "date_published": "1989-01-02T02:00:00+08:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
                {
                    "label": "PDF",
                    "type": "pdf",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30823/galley/20672/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 30861,
            "title": "A Cooperative Model of Intuition and Reasoning for Natural Language Processing - Microfeatures and Logic",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "This paper discusses problems of right retrievals of memory, preferential orderings, and script selection/withdrawal in natural language processing (NLP). Atmosphere is introduced to solve these problems. It works as a contextual indicator which roughly grasps what is being talked about. An implementation mechanism for atmosphere is presented inspired by artificial neural network researches. It is characterized by microfeature representation, a chronological FIFO (First-In First- Out memory), and threshold-based selection. The mechanism constructs an intuition module and works for N L P while cooperating with a logic module which uses T M S to check the justifications of preferential decisions done by the intuition module.",
            "language": "eng",
            "license": {
                "name": "",
                "short_name": "",
                "text": null,
                "url": ""
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Poster Presentations",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1rg5v61w",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Hideo",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Shimazu",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "NEC Corporation",
                    "department": ""
                },
                {
                    "first_name": "Yosuke",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Takashima",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "NEC Corporation",
                    "department": ""
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": null,
            "date_accepted": null,
            "date_published": "1989-01-02T02:00:00+08:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
                {
                    "label": "PDF",
                    "type": "pdf",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30861/galley/20710/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 30764,
            "title": "A Critical Look at the Foundations of Autonomous Syntactic Analysis",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "",
            "language": "eng",
            "license": {
                "name": "",
                "short_name": "",
                "text": null,
                "url": ""
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Paper Presentations",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9hj834vc",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Lawrence",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Birnbaum",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "Yale University",
                    "department": ""
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": null,
            "date_accepted": null,
            "date_published": "1989-01-02T02:00:00+08:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
                {
                    "label": "PDF",
                    "type": "pdf",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30764/galley/20613/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 30809,
            "title": "Action Planning: Producing Unix Commands",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "",
            "language": "eng",
            "license": {
                "name": "",
                "short_name": "",
                "text": null,
                "url": ""
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Paper Presentations",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6t4422dm",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Stephanie",
                    "middle_name": "M.",
                    "last_name": "Doane",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "University of California, Boulder",
                    "department": ""
                },
                {
                    "first_name": "Walter",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Kintsch",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "University of California, Boulder",
                    "department": ""
                },
                {
                    "first_name": "Peter",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Polson",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "University of California, Boulder",
                    "department": ""
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": null,
            "date_accepted": null,
            "date_published": "1989-01-02T02:00:00+08:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
                {
                    "label": "PDF",
                    "type": "pdf",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30809/galley/20658/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 30876,
            "title": "Active Acquisition for User Modeling in Dialog Systems",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "user model in a natural language dialog system contains knowledge about particular users' beliefs, goals, attitudes, or other characteristics. User modeling facilitates cooperative adaptation to a user's conversational behavior and goals. This paper proposes active strategies for acquiring knowledge about users. Current systems employ positive acquisition strategies, which build a model of the user by making inferences based on passive observation of the dialog. Passive acquisition is generally preferable to active querying, to minimize unnecessary dialog. However, in some cases the system should actively initiate subdialogs with the purpose of acquiring information about the user. W e propose a method for identifying these conditions based upon maximizing expected utility.",
            "language": "eng",
            "license": {
                "name": "",
                "short_name": "",
                "text": null,
                "url": ""
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Poster Presentations",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1z285329",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Dekai",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Wu",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "University of California at Berkeley",
                    "department": ""
                },
                {
                    "first_name": "Bettina",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Horster",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "University of Dortmund",
                    "department": ""
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": null,
            "date_accepted": null,
            "date_published": "1989-01-02T02:00:00+08:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
                {
                    "label": "PDF",
                    "type": "pdf",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30876/galley/20725/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 30867,
            "title": "A Discrete Neural Network Model for Conceptual Representation and Reasoning",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "Current connectionist models are oversimplified in terms of the internal mechanisms of individual neurons and the communication between them. Although connectionist models offer significant advantages in certain aspects, this oversimplification leads to the inefficiency of these models in addressing issues in explicit symbolic processing, which is proven to be essential to human intelligence. What we are aiming at is a connectionist architecture which is capable of simple, flexible representations of high level knowledge structures and efficient performance of reasoning based on the data. W e first propose a discrete neural network model which contains state variables for each neuron in which a set of discrete states is explicitly specified instead of a continuous activation function. A technique is developed for representing concepts in this network, which utilizes the connections to define the concepts and represents the concepts in both verbal and compiled forms. The main advantage is that this scheme can handle variable bindings efficiently. A reasoning scheme is developed in the discrete neural network model, which utilizes the inherent parallelism in a neural network model, performing all possible inference steps in parallel, implementable in a fine-grained massively parallel computer.",
            "language": "eng",
            "license": {
                "name": "",
                "short_name": "",
                "text": null,
                "url": ""
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Poster Presentations",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/99m5z108",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Ron",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Sun",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "Brandeis University",
                    "department": ""
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": null,
            "date_accepted": null,
            "date_published": "1989-01-02T02:00:00+08:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
                {
                    "label": "PDF",
                    "type": "pdf",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30867/galley/20716/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 30843,
            "title": "A Framework  for Psychological Causal Induction: Integrating the Power and Covariation Views",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "We propose a theoretical framework for interpreting the roles of covariation and the idea of in psychological causal induction. According to this framework, the computation of inference is purely covariation-based, but covariation is computed only on a set of selected dimensions in a set of selected events. Whether or not a dimension has power or efficacy exerts an influence on whether or not that dimension is selected. W e present an experiment testing two predictions based on this framework. Our experiment showed a strong bias towards inferring a movement by a human agent (compared to a state) to be the cause of an event. In support of our hypothesis, this bias was found only when the state was not salient and the inference was made within a relatively short time, suggesting that the bias occurred at the selection stage.",
            "language": "eng",
            "license": {
                "name": "",
                "short_name": "",
                "text": null,
                "url": ""
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Poster Presentations",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5n77r4fk",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Yuann-wen",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Lien",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "University of California Los Angeles",
                    "department": ""
                },
                {
                    "first_name": "Patricia",
                    "middle_name": "W.",
                    "last_name": "Cheng",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "University of California Los Angeles",
                    "department": ""
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": null,
            "date_accepted": null,
            "date_published": "1989-01-02T02:00:00+08:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
                {
                    "label": "PDF",
                    "type": "pdf",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30843/galley/20692/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 36671,
            "title": "A Hierarchy of Student Expectations",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "This paper is an examination of expectations which ESL students bring with them to a university setting. International, or foreign, students arrive in this country with certain expectations which may or may not be realistic. As students learn to adapt to their new surroundings (physically, emotionally, and academically), these expectations and the degree to which they are met can play an important role in the students’ academic success. Teachers should be able to recognize the various types of student expectations and be sensitive to their effects on students. This paper draws an analogy to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs while identifying and illustrating five hierarchical levels of student expectations. In addition, it offers suggestions to teachers for dealing with problems that can arise when these expectations are not met.",
            "language": "eng",
            "license": null,
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Theme Section - Articles",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3604225x",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Helen",
                    "middle_name": "M.",
                    "last_name": "Kallenbach",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "American Language Institute, Sonoma State University",
                    "department": ""
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": null,
            "date_accepted": null,
            "date_published": "1989-01-02T02:00:00+08:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
                {
                    "label": "PDF",
                    "type": "pdf",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/catesoljournal/article/36671/galley/27521/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 30852,
            "title": "A Linguistic Approach to the Problem of Slot Semantics",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "Most frame-based knowledge representation (KR) systems have two strange features. First, the concepts represented by the nodes are nouns rather than verbs. Verbal ideas tend to appear mostly in describing roles or slots. Thus the systems are asymmetric. Second, and more seriously, the slot names on frames are arbitrary and not defined in the system. Usually no metasystem is given to account for them. Thus the systems are not closed. Both these features can be avoided by structures inspired by case-based linguistic theories. The basic ideas are that an ontology consists of separate, parallel lattices of verbal and nominal concepts, and that the slots of concepts in each lattice are defined by reference to the concepts in the other lattice. Slots of verbal concepts are derived from cases, and restricted by nominal concepts. Slots of nominal concepts include conducts (verbal concepts) and derivatives of the slots of verbal concepts. Our objective in this paper is not to define a new KR language, but to use input from the study of natural cognition (case grammar) to refine technology for artificial cognition.",
            "language": "eng",
            "license": {
                "name": "",
                "short_name": "",
                "text": null,
                "url": ""
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Poster Presentations",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3vp4w60q",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "H.",
                    "middle_name": "Van Dyke",
                    "last_name": "Parunak",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "Industrial Technology Institute",
                    "department": ""
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": null,
            "date_accepted": null,
            "date_published": "1989-01-02T02:00:00+08:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
                {
                    "label": "PDF",
                    "type": "pdf",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30852/galley/20701/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 30796,
            "title": "A Logic for Emotions: a basis for reasoning about commonsense psychological knowledge",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "There is a body of commonsense knowledge about human psychology that we all draw upon in everyday life to interpret our own actions and those of the people around us. In this paper,we define a logic in which this knowledge can be expressed. W e focus on a cluster of emotions,including approval, disapproval, guilt, and anger, most of which involve some sort of ethical evaluation of the action that triggers them. As a result, we are able to draw on well-studied concepts from deontic logic, such as obligation, prohibition, and permission. W e formalize a portion of commonsense psychology and show how a simple problem can be solved using our logic.",
            "language": "eng",
            "license": {
                "name": "",
                "short_name": "",
                "text": null,
                "url": ""
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Paper Presentations",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1ts3f8nd",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Kathryn",
                    "middle_name": "E.",
                    "last_name": "Sanders",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "Brown University",
                    "department": ""
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": null,
            "date_accepted": null,
            "date_published": "1989-01-02T02:00:00+08:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
                {
                    "label": "PDF",
                    "type": "pdf",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30796/galley/20645/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 30826,
            "title": "A Model for Contextualizing Natural Language Discourse",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "This paper describes a computational model of semantic processing in natural language discourse understanding based on the distribution of knowledge over multiple spaces as proposed by Fauconnier (1985), Dinsmore (1987a), K a m p (1980), Johnson-Laird (1985) and others. Among the claims made about such a partitioned representation of knowledge are the following: First, it promotes a more direct, more natural mapping from surface discourse sentence to internal representation. Second, it supports more efficient reasoning and retrieval processes over that internal representation. Finally, it provides an accurate account of many of the most recalcitrant problems in natural language discourse understanding. Among these are implicit information, presupposition, referential opacity, tense and aspect, and common-sense reasoning in complex domains. The model identifies two fundamental levels of semantic processing: contextualization, in which an appropriate space for assimilating the information conveyed in a discourse sentence is located, and construction, in which the information is actually assimilated into that space. Contextualization allows the full semantics of the discourse to be realized implicitly in the internal representation. It also accounts for the use of moods, tenses, and various adverbials in discourse. The interaction of the contextualization processes with the semantics of aspectual operators provides an account of the discourse use of aspect.",
            "language": "eng",
            "license": {
                "name": "",
                "short_name": "",
                "text": null,
                "url": ""
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Poster Presentations",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/79z5p9wv",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "John",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Dinsmore",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "Southern Illinois Universiy at Carbondale",
                    "department": ""
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": null,
            "date_accepted": null,
            "date_published": "1989-01-02T02:00:00+08:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
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                    "type": "pdf",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30826/galley/20675/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 30863,
            "title": "A Model of Natual Category Structure and its Behavioral Implecations",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "Fisher (1988) uses the COBWEB concept formation system to illustrate a computational unification of basic level and typicality effects. The model relies on probabiUstic, distributed concept representations, and appropriate interaction between cue and category validity. W e review this work and report a new account of the fan effect. This extension requires an additional assumption of parallel processing, but otherwise is explained by precisely the same mechemisms as basic level and typicality phenomena.",
            "language": "eng",
            "license": {
                "name": "",
                "short_name": "",
                "text": null,
                "url": ""
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Poster Presentations",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5bd6t9g6",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Jane",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Silber",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "Vanderbilt University",
                    "department": ""
                },
                {
                    "first_name": "Douglas",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Fisher",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "Vanderbilt University",
                    "department": ""
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": null,
            "date_accepted": null,
            "date_published": "1989-01-02T02:00:00+08:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
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                    "type": "pdf",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30863/galley/20712/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 30865,
            "title": "An Approach to Constructing Student Models: Status Report for the Programming Domain",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "Student models are important for guiding the development of instructional systems. An approach to constructing student models is reviewed. The approach advocates constructing student models in two steps: (1) develop a descriptive theory of correct and buggy student responses, then (2) develop a process theory of the way students actually generate those responses. The approach has been used in the domain of introductory programming. A status report is provided: (1) Goal-And-Plan (GAP) trees have been developed to describe student program variations, and (2) a Generate-Test-and-Debug (GTD) impasse/repair architecture has been developed to model the process of student program generation.",
            "language": "eng",
            "license": {
                "name": "",
                "short_name": "",
                "text": null,
                "url": ""
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Poster Presentations",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/41x8j3ps",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "James",
                    "middle_name": "C.",
                    "last_name": "Spohrer",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "Yale University",
                    "department": ""
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": null,
            "date_accepted": null,
            "date_published": "1989-01-02T02:00:00+08:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
                {
                    "label": "PDF",
                    "type": "pdf",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30865/galley/20714/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 30827,
            "title": "An Intelligent Tutoring System Approach to Teaching People How to Learn",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "Sherlock is an intelligent tutoring system designed to teach people to build simplified knowledge representations (graphic maps) to facilitate learning of a text. Previous attempts to automate instruction in graphic mapping have had problems because they attempted to diagnose a learner's misunderstandings by looking at a finished graphic map. Sherlock uses a knowledge-based approach to diagnose a leamer's misunderstandings by looking at the knowledge and processes that lead to a learner's graphic map, rather than the completed map. In Sherlock's model a semantic network is used to represent the knowledge in the text. A production system models the strategy for constructing a gniphic map by initiating spreading activation on the semantic network, and interpreting the resulting activation patterns. In a limited evaluation Sherlock was able to correcdy determine if a construction was appropriate 9 6 % of the time.",
            "language": "eng",
            "license": {
                "name": "",
                "short_name": "",
                "text": null,
                "url": ""
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Poster Presentations",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1d96g3ts",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Richard",
                    "middle_name": "G.",
                    "last_name": "Feifer",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "University of California Los Angeles",
                    "department": ""
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": null,
            "date_accepted": null,
            "date_published": "1989-01-02T02:00:00+08:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
                {
                    "label": "PDF",
                    "type": "pdf",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30827/galley/20676/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 30849,
            "title": "An Interactive Activation Model for Priming of Geographical Information",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "Clustering effects in observed performance on spatial recognition tasks give evidence that the judgment of spatial relationships is not based solely on Euclidean proximity, but can depend on other similarity relationships to an equal, or even to a greater, extent. Thus, the representation of spatial information must be coded as one of many features of an object, and these features are expected to interact with one another. A recurrent network using the Interactive activation architecture of McClelland & Rumelhart (1981) is presented to illustrate the interaction of these featural representations, including a coarse coding representation of a Euclidean metric. The experiments of McNamara (1986) and McNamara, Ratcliff, and McKoon (1984) are simulated; the model results are in qualitative agreement with the data.",
            "language": "eng",
            "license": {
                "name": "",
                "short_name": "",
                "text": null,
                "url": ""
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Poster Presentations",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1b48k4jg",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Paul",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Munro",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "University of Pittsburgh",
                    "department": ""
                },
                {
                    "first_name": "Stephen",
                    "middle_name": "C.",
                    "last_name": "Hirtle",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "University of Pittsburgh",
                    "department": ""
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": null,
            "date_accepted": null,
            "date_published": "1989-01-02T02:00:00+08:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
                {
                    "label": "PDF",
                    "type": "pdf",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30849/galley/20698/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 30778,
            "title": "Anomalous Conditional Judgments and Ramsey's Thought Experiment",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "",
            "language": "eng",
            "license": {
                "name": "",
                "short_name": "",
                "text": null,
                "url": ""
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Paper Presentations",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/579042j4",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "John",
                    "middle_name": "M.",
                    "last_name": "Miyamoto",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "University of Washington",
                    "department": ""
                },
                {
                    "first_name": "James",
                    "middle_name": "W.",
                    "last_name": "Lundell",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "Hewlett-Packard",
                    "department": ""
                },
                {
                    "first_name": "Shihfen",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Tu",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "University of Washington",
                    "department": ""
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": null,
            "date_accepted": null,
            "date_published": "1989-01-02T02:00:00+08:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
                {
                    "label": "PDF",
                    "type": "pdf",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30778/galley/20627/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 30813,
            "title": "Anomaly Detection Strategies for Schema-Based Story Understanding",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "Schema-based story understanding allows systems to process routine stories efficiently. However, a system that blindly applies active schemas may fail to recognize and understand novel events. To deal effectively with novelty, a story understander needs to be able to recognize when new information conflicts with its model of a situation. Thus it needs to be able to do anomaly detection. Anomsdy detection is the process that identifies when new information is inconsistent with current beliefs and expectations. Checking for aJl possible inconsistencies would be an explosive inference problem: it would require comparing all the ramifications of a new faw;t to all the ramifications of the facts in memory. W e argue that this inference problem can be controlled by selective consistency checking: An initial set of inexpensive tests can be applied to detect potential problems, and more thorough tests used only when a likely problem is found. W e describe a set of stereotype-based basic believability checks, designed to identify potential problems with minimal inference, and fine-grained tests that can be used to diagnose the problems that basic believability checks detect. These tests are implemented in the story understanding program ACCEPTER.",
            "language": "eng",
            "license": {
                "name": "",
                "short_name": "",
                "text": null,
                "url": ""
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Paper Presentations",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4hx5w0sv",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Daiv",
                    "middle_name": "B.",
                    "last_name": "Leake",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "Yale University",
                    "department": ""
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": null,
            "date_accepted": null,
            "date_published": "1989-01-02T02:00:00+08:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
                {
                    "label": "PDF",
                    "type": "pdf",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30813/galley/20662/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 30753,
            "title": "A PDP model of sequence learning that exhibits the power law",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "This paper examines some characteristics of the learning process in a model of skill learning(Miyata, 1987) in which performance of executing sequential actions becomes increasingly more efficient as a skill is practiced. The model is a hierarchy of sequential PDP networks which was designed to model a shift from a slow, serial performance of a novice to a fast,parallel performance of an expert in tasks such as typing. The network develops representation of a set of sequences as it tries to produce the sequences faster. The model was found to yield the power law of learning (Newell and Rosenbloom, 1981). In addition, it exhibited a frequency effect on substitution errors similar to what was found in typing(Grudin, 1983).",
            "language": "eng",
            "license": {
                "name": "",
                "short_name": "",
                "text": null,
                "url": ""
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Paper Presentations",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0qn8t8jp",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Yoshiro",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Miyata",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "Bell Communications Research",
                    "department": ""
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": null,
            "date_accepted": null,
            "date_published": "1989-01-02T02:00:00+08:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
                {
                    "label": "PDF",
                    "type": "pdf",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30753/galley/20602/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 30850,
            "title": "Apprenticeship or Tutorial: Models for Interaction with an Intelligent Instructional System",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "Conventional intelligent tutoring systems are based on the individual tutorial as a model of instructor-student interaction and use a model of the student's understanding as a principal component guiding instruction. Apprenticeship provides quite a different model of interaction in which a model of the sUident is not essential. Instead, the instructor, interested in making use of the student's work, provides demonstrations and feedback in terms of the product toward which they are both working. Recent advances in the cognitive science of instruction provide insights into the interactive processes by which instructors appropriate the work of apprentices. A n intelligent instructional system that instantiates apprenticeship interaction illustrates an alternative to tutorial-based systems that make use of a student model.",
            "language": "eng",
            "license": {
                "name": "",
                "short_name": "",
                "text": null,
                "url": ""
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Poster Presentations",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8qs8k8z3",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Denis",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Newman",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "BBN Systems and Technologies Corp.",
                    "department": ""
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": null,
            "date_accepted": null,
            "date_published": "1989-01-02T02:00:00+08:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
                {
                    "label": "PDF",
                    "type": "pdf",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30850/galley/20699/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 30787,
            "title": "A Process Model of Experience-Based Design",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "Human designers use previous designs extensively in the process of producing a new design. When they come up with a partial or complete design, designers perform a mental simulation to verify the design.W e present a model for engineering design that integrates case-based reasoning and qualitative simulation. The model involves: (1) setting up the functional requirements, (2) accessing memory to retrieve cases relevant to the requirements, (3) synthesizing pieces of cases into designs, (4) verifying and testing the design, and finally, (5) debugging. This process is apphed recursively till the design is complete and bug free. The model integrates different levels of representation and reasoning mechanisms in order to effectively support the design tasks.",
            "language": "eng",
            "license": {
                "name": "",
                "short_name": "",
                "text": null,
                "url": ""
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "Paper Presentations",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/70k1h9cv",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Katia",
                    "middle_name": "P.",
                    "last_name": "Sycara",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "Carnegie Mellon University",
                    "department": ""
                },
                {
                    "first_name": "D.",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Navinchandra",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "Carnegie Mellon University",
                    "department": ""
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": null,
            "date_accepted": null,
            "date_published": "1989-01-02T02:00:00+08:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
                {
                    "label": "PDF",
                    "type": "pdf",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/cognitivesciencesociety/article/30787/galley/20636/download/"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 36680,
            "title": "A Rationale and Set of Activities for a Language in Education Approach to Persuasive Writing",
            "subtitle": null,
            "abstract": "",
            "language": "eng",
            "license": null,
            "keywords": [],
            "section": "CATESOL Exchange",
            "is_remote": true,
            "remote_url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/66p9b26q",
            "frozenauthors": [
                {
                    "first_name": "Raymond",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Devenney",
                    "name_suffix": "",
                    "institution": "California State University, Bakersfield",
                    "department": ""
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": null,
            "date_accepted": null,
            "date_published": "1989-01-02T02:00:00+08:00",
            "render_galley": null,
            "galleys": [
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                    "label": "PDF",
                    "type": "pdf",
                    "path": "https://journalpub.escholarship.org/catesoljournal/article/36680/galley/27530/download/"
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
}