Preprint List
API Endpoint for preprints.
GET /api/preprints/?format=api
{ "count": 6751, "next": "https://eartharxiv.org/api/preprints/?format=api&limit=100&offset=100", "previous": null, "results": [ { "pk": 1, "title": "Uncertainties in Projected Rainfall over Brazil: The Role of Climate Model, Bias Correction and Emission Scenario", "abstract": "The aim of this study is to answer four main questions: How well the Eta regional climate model simulates past precipitation over Brazil? What is the impact of bias correction on the reduction of model’s biases? What is the contribution of climate models, bias correction and emission scenarios to the total uncertainty of projected precipitation? And finally, what is the projected change in precipitation over Brazil?\nNew hydrological insights for the region\nThe performance of raw simulations of the Eta regional climate models vary spatially over Brazil, being the Amazon and North region the regions with the highest biases. However, while the model fails in accuracy, it represents well the annual cycle of the precipitation and the signal of the future changes is robust (that is, it agrees with the signal of the changes after the bias correction and the models agree with each other). The bias correction presented a great impact in \nthe bias reduction. Greater uncertainty levels are attributed to the bias correction followed by the climate models and interaction between climate model and bias correction. The emission scenario is the less contributor to the total uncertainty. Projected precipitation changes indicated a decrease in the daily precipitation and extreme precipitation in the Amazon and North Brazil and increase in the daily precipitation in Southern. The precipitation in winter is expected to increase. Under the IPCC scenario RCP 8.5, homogeneoulsly drier conditions are projected for the entire country.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "bias correction" }, { "word": "climate models" }, { "word": "emission scenarios" }, { "word": "eta model" }, { "word": "RCP4.5" }, { "word": "RCP8.5" }, { "word": "uncertainties" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-09-01T15:02:36+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-09-01T18:01:06+02:00", "date_published": "2020-09-01T18:01:06+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/2p9wg", "authors": [ { "pk": 4, "first_name": "Carolina", "middle_name": "Natel", "last_name": "de Moura", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5698, "first_name": "Jan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Seibert", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7061, "first_name": "Miriam", "middle_name": "Rita Moro", "last_name": "Mine", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Hydrology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "NateldeMoura_Uncertainties_31_08_2020_JoH_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/1/download/1/" }, { "original_filename": "NateldeMoura_uncertainties_31-08-2020.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/1/download/2/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/j4zhg", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 2, "title": "What does the NDVI really tell us about crops? Insight from proximal spectral field sensors", "abstract": "The use of remote sensing in agriculture is expanding due to innovation in sensors and platforms. Drones, high resolution instruments on CubeSats, and robot mounted proximal phenotyping sensors all feature in this drive. Common threads include a focus on high spatial and spectral resolution coupled with the use of machine learning methods for relating observations to crop parameters. As the best-known vegetation index, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), which quantifies the difference in canopy scattering in the near-infrared and photosynthetic light absorption in the red, is spearheading this drive. Importantly, there are decades of research on the physical principals of the NDVI, relating to soil, structural and measurement geometry effects. Here we bridge the gap between the historical research, grounded in physically based theory, and the recent field-based developments, to ask the question: What does field sensed NDVI tell us about crops? We answer this question with data from two crop field sites featuring field mounted spectral reflectance sensors and a drone-based spectroscopy system. The results show how ecosystem processes can be followed using the NDVI, but also how crop structure and soil reflectance controls data collected in wavelength space.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "crops" }, { "word": "drone" }, { "word": "NDVI" }, { "word": "remote sensing" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-09-01T08:32:38+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-09-01T17:54:38+02:00", "date_published": "2020-09-01T17:54:38+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/eayph", "authors": [ { "pk": 2330, "first_name": "Jon", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Atherton", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5712, "first_name": "Chao", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zhang", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7075, "first_name": "jaakko", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Oivukkamäki", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8324, "first_name": "Liisa", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kulmala", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9327, "first_name": "Shan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Xu", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10082, "first_name": "Teemu", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hakala", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10600, "first_name": "Eija", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Honkavaara", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10956, "first_name": "Alasdair", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "MacArthur", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11219, "first_name": "Albert", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Porcar-Castell", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Environmental Monitoring" }, { "name": "Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Other Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "PREPRINT What does the NDVI really tell us about crops.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/2/download/3/" }, { "original_filename": "PREPRINT2_What does the NDVI really tell us about crops.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/2/download/3867/" }, { "original_filename": "PREPRINT3_What does the NDVI really tell us about crops.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/2/download/3886/" }, { "original_filename": "PREPRINT4_What does the NDVI really tell us about crops.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/2/download/3895/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 3, "title": "A continental-scale assessment of density, size, distribution, and historical trends of Australian farm dams", "abstract": "Australia is the second driest continent on Earth and freshwater is, therefore, a critical policy concern. Farm dams are ubiquitous and drive AU$17.7 billion of agricultural value, yet there has never been a formal census of Australian dams. In this study, we present a continental-scale assessment on density, distribution, and historical trends of farm dams in each State and Territory of Australia. We estimated that Australia has 1,838,052 dams occupying an area of 5,001 Km^2 and storing 11,922 GL of water. The State of New South Wales recorded the highest number of dams (642,714, 35% of the total) and Victoria the highest overall density (1.67 dams Km^-2). We also estimated that 284,820 dams (15%) remain unreported across Australia, especially in South Australia, Western Australia, and the Northern Territory. Three decades of historical records revealed an ongoing decrease in the rate of farm dam accumulation, from >3% per annum before 2000, to ~1% after 2000, to <0.05% after 2010 – except in the Australian Capital Territory where rates have remained relatively high. To facilitate sharing information with the Government, scientists, managers, and the local community, we developed AusDams.org: a free interactive portal to visualise the distribution of farm dams and generate statistics for any area of Australia. We hope that this work will encourage future research and outreach on the effects of sprawling farm dams on freshwater resources, food security, and the environment.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "artificial water bodies" }, { "word": "Australian management policies" }, { "word": "deep learning classification model" }, { "word": "freshwater reserves" }, { "word": "GIS technology" }, { "word": "invasive species" }, { "word": "land-use change" }, { "word": "spatially explicit dataset" }, { "word": "urbanisation rates" }, { "word": "water security" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-09-01T00:35:53+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-09-01T18:00:34+02:00", "date_published": "2020-09-01T18:00:34+02:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13020319", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/OSF.IO/N8HZ7", "authors": [ { "pk": 2475, "first_name": "Martino", "middle_name": "Edoardo", "last_name": "Malerba", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0002-7480-4779" }, { "pk": 5763, "first_name": "Nicholas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wright", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9872, "first_name": "Peter", "middle_name": "I.", "last_name": "Macreadie", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0001-7362-0882" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Environmental Monitoring" }, { "name": "Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Natural Resources and Conservation" }, { "name": "Natural Resources Management and Policy" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Water Resource Management" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "MS and Figs_Malerba_Wright_Macreadie.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/3/download/4/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/4vg62", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 4, "title": "Structure and age relationship of joint sets on the Lilstock Benches, UK, based on mapping a full resolution UAV-based image", "abstract": "Outcrop studies of fracture networks are important to understand such networks in the subsurface, but complete\nmaps of all fractures in large outcrops are rare due to limitations of outcrop and image resolution. We present the\nfirst full-resolution UAV-based, Gigapixel dataset and DEM of the wave-cut Lilstock Benches in the southern Bristol Channel basin, a classic outcrop of layer-bound fracture networks in limestones. With this dataset, we mapped the patterns and age relationships of successive generations of joints in dm-thick limestone layers separated by claystone beds. Using well-defined interpretation criteria based on crosscutting relationships and joint length, up to eight generations of joints were mapped. Results show that joint geometry and interrelations are fully resolved in the whole outcrop. Different joint generations have unique characteristics in terms of shape, orientation, spatial distribution and cross-cutting relations. The presence of low-angle crossings and junctions of joints suggest periods of partial joint cementation and reactivation. The dataset and interpretations are proposed as a benchmark of a large scale, complete fracture network to test digital fracture network models.", "license": { "name": "Academic Free License (AFL) 3.0", "short_name": "AFL 3.0", "text": "Academic Free License (\"AFL\") v. 3.0\r\nThis Academic Free License (the \"License\") applies to any original work of authorship (the \"Original Work\") whose owner (the \"Licensor\") has placed the following licensing notice adjacent to the copyright notice for the Original Work:\r\n\r\nLicensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0\r\n\r\n1) Grant of Copyright License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, for the duration of the copyright, to do the following:\r\n\r\na) to reproduce the Original Work in copies, either alone or as part of a collective work;\r\n\r\nb) to translate, adapt, alter, transform, modify, or arrange the Original Work, thereby creating derivative works (\"Derivative Works\") based upon the Original Work;\r\n\r\nc) to distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work and Derivative Works to the public, under any license of your choice that does not contradict the terms and conditions, including Licensor's reserved rights and remedies, in this Academic Free License;\r\n\r\nd) to perform the Original Work publicly; and\r\n\r\ne) to display the Original Work publicly.\r\n\r\n2) Grant of Patent License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, under patent claims owned or controlled by the Licensor that are embodied in the Original Work as furnished by the Licensor, for the duration of the patents, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, and import the Original Work and Derivative Works.\r\n\r\n3) Grant of Source Code License. The term \"Source Code\" means the preferred form of the Original Work for making modifications to it and all available documentation describing how to modify the Original Work. Licensor agrees to provide a machine-readable copy of the Source Code of the Original Work along with each copy of the Original Work that Licensor distributes. Licensor reserves the right to satisfy this obligation by placing a machine-readable copy of the Source Code in an information repository reasonably calculated to permit inexpensive and convenient access by You for as long as Licensor continues to distribute the Original Work.\r\n\r\n4) Exclusions From License Grant. Neither the names of Licensor, nor the names of any contributors to the Original Work, nor any of their trademarks or service marks, may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this Original Work without express prior permission of the Licensor. Except as expressly stated herein, nothing in this License grants any license to Licensor's trademarks, copyrights, patents, trade secrets or any other intellectual property. No patent license is granted to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, or import embodiments of any patent claims other than the licensed claims defined in Section 2. No license is granted to the trademarks of Licensor even if such marks are included in the Original Work. Nothing in this License shall be interpreted to prohibit Licensor from licensing under terms different from this License any Original Work that Licensor otherwise would have a right to license.\r\n\r\n5) External Deployment. The term \"External Deployment\" means the use, distribution, or communication of the Original Work or Derivative Works in any way such that the Original Work or Derivative Works may be used by anyone other than You, whether those works are distributed or communicated to those persons or made available as an application intended for use over a network. As an express condition for the grants of license hereunder, You must treat any External Deployment by You of the Original Work or a Derivative Work as a distribution under section 1(c).\r\n\r\n6) Attribution Rights. You must retain, in the Source Code of any Derivative Works that You create, all copyright, patent, or trademark notices from the Source Code of the Original Work, as well as any notices of licensing and any descriptive text identified therein as an \"Attribution Notice.\" You must cause the Source Code for any Derivative Works that You create to carry a prominent Attribution Notice reasonably calculated to inform recipients that You have modified the Original Work.\r\n\r\n7) Warranty of Provenance and Disclaimer of Warranty. Licensor warrants that the copyright in and to the Original Work and the patent rights granted herein by Licensor are owned by the Licensor or are sublicensed to You under the terms of this License with the permission of the contributor(s) of those copyrights and patent rights. Except as expressly stated in the immediately preceding sentence, the Original Work is provided under this License on an \"AS IS\" BASIS and WITHOUT WARRANTY, either express or implied, including, without limitation, the warranties of non-infringement, merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY OF THE ORIGINAL WORK IS WITH YOU. This DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY constitutes an essential part of this License. No license to the Original Work is granted by this License except under this disclaimer.\r\n\r\n8) Limitation of Liability. Under no circumstances and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, shall the Licensor be liable to anyone for any indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or the use of the Original Work including, without limitation, damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses. This limitation of liability shall not apply to the extent applicable law prohibits such limitation.\r\n\r\n9) Acceptance and Termination. If, at any time, You expressly assented to this License, that assent indicates your clear and irrevocable acceptance of this License and all of its terms and conditions. If You distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work or a Derivative Work, You must make a reasonable effort under the circumstances to obtain the express assent of recipients to the terms of this License. This License conditions your rights to undertake the activities listed in Section 1, including your right to create Derivative Works based upon the Original Work, and doing so without honoring these terms and conditions is prohibited by copyright law and international treaty. Nothing in this License is intended to affect copyright exceptions and limitations (including \"fair use\" or \"fair dealing\"). This License shall terminate immediately and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License upon your failure to honor the conditions in Section 1(c).\r\n\r\n10) Termination for Patent Action. This License shall terminate automatically and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License as of the date You commence an action, including a cross-claim or counterclaim, against Licensor or any licensee alleging that the Original Work infringes a patent. This termination provision shall not apply for an action alleging patent infringement by combinations of the Original Work with other software or hardware.\r\n\r\n11) Jurisdiction, Venue and Governing Law. Any action or suit relating to this License may be brought only in the courts of a jurisdiction wherein the Licensor resides or in which Licensor conducts its primary business, and under the laws of that jurisdiction excluding its conflict-of-law provisions. The application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is expressly excluded. Any use of the Original Work outside the scope of this License or after its termination shall be subject to the requirements and penalties of copyright or patent law in the appropriate jurisdiction. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n12) Attorneys' Fees. In any action to enforce the terms of this License or seeking damages relating thereto, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover its costs and expenses, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and costs incurred in connection with such action, including any appeal of such action. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n13) Miscellaneous. If any provision of this License is held to be unenforceable, such provision shall be reformed only to the extent necessary to make it enforceable.\r\n\r\n14) Definition of \"You\" in This License. \"You\" throughout this License, whether in upper or lower case, means an individual or a legal entity exercising rights under, and complying with all of the terms of, this License. For legal entities, \"You\" includes any entity that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with you. For purposes of this definition, \"control\" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.\r\n\r\n15) Right to Use. You may use the Original Work in all ways not otherwise restricted or conditioned by this License or by law, and Licensor promises not to interfere with or be responsible for such uses by You.\r\n\r\n16) Modification of This License. This License is Copyright © 2005 Lawrence Rosen. Permission is granted to copy, distribute, or communicate this License without modification. Nothing in this License permits You to modify this License as applied to the Original Work or to Derivative Works. However, You may modify the text of this License and copy, distribute or communicate your modified version (the \"Modified License\") and apply it to other original works of authorship subject to the following conditions: (i) You may not indicate in any way that your Modified License is the \"Academic Free License\" or \"AFL\" and you may not use those names in the name of your Modified License; (ii) You must replace the notice specified in the first paragraph above with the notice \"Licensed under <insert your license name here>\" or with a notice of your own that is not confusingly similar to the notice in this License; and (iii) You may not claim that your original works are open source software unless your Modified License has been approved by Open Source Initiative (OSI) and You comply with its license review and certification process.", "url": "http://opensource.org/licenses/AFL-3.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Abutment" }, { "word": "fracturing" }, { "word": "joints" }, { "word": "Lilstock" }, { "word": "UAV" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-08-29T08:44:19+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-31T19:31:26+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-31T19:31:26+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/g2uxy", "authors": [ { "pk": 3797, "first_name": "Martijn", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Passchier", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8, "first_name": "Janos", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Urai", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5902, "first_name": "Cees", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Passchier", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Other Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Passchier2Urai Lilstock 260720 MP.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/4/download/5/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/ec68z", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 5, "title": "An analytical solution to the Navier–Stokes equation for incompressible flow around a solid sphere", "abstract": "This paper is concerned with obtaining a formulation for the flow past a sphere in a viscous and incompressible fluid, building upon previously obtained well-known solutions that were limited to small Reynolds numbers. Using a method based on a summation of separation of variables, we develop a general analytical solution to the Navier--Stokes equation for the special case of axially symmetric two-dimensional flow around a sphere. For a particular set of mathematical conditions, the solution can be expressed generally as a hypergeometric function. It reproduces streamlines and flow velocities close to a moving sphere, and provides the angular location immediately behind the sphere where there is a separation between laminar flow and a stagnant region. To produce eddies around a fast-moving sphere, we present a solution obtained using a variable substitution that does not require the separation of variables and is a function of Bessel functions of the first and second kind. For particular boundary conditions, it exhibits eddies behind a fast-moving sphere.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public\r\nLicenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change\r\nfree software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.\r\n\r\n This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some\r\nspecially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the\r\nFree Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You\r\ncan use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether\r\nthis license or the ordinary General Public License is the better\r\nstrategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.\r\n\r\n When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,\r\nnot price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that\r\nyou have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge\r\nfor this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get\r\nit if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of\r\nit in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do\r\nthese things.\r\n\r\n To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid\r\ndistributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these\r\nrights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for\r\nyou if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.\r\n\r\n For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis\r\nor for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave\r\nyou. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source\r\ncode. If you link other code with the library, you must provide\r\ncomplete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them\r\nwith the library after making changes to the library and recompiling\r\nit. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.\r\n\r\n We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the\r\nlibrary, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal\r\npermission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.\r\n\r\n To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that\r\nthere is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is\r\nmodified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know\r\nthat what they have is not the original version, so that the original\r\nauthor's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be\r\nintroduced by others.\r\n\f\r\n Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of\r\nany free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot\r\neffectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a\r\nrestrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that\r\nany patent license obtained for a version of the library must be\r\nconsistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license.\r\n\r\n Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser\r\nGeneral Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and\r\nis quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use\r\nthis license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those\r\nlibraries into non-free programs.\r\n\r\n When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using\r\na shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a\r\ncombined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary\r\nGeneral Public License therefore permits such linking only if the\r\nentire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General\r\nPublic License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with\r\nthe library.\r\n\r\n We call this license the \"Lesser\" General Public License because it\r\ndoes Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General\r\nPublic License. It also provides other free software developers Less\r\nof an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages\r\nare the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many\r\nlibraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain\r\nspecial circumstances.\r\n\r\n For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to\r\nencourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes\r\na de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be\r\nallowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free\r\nlibrary does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this\r\ncase, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free\r\nsoftware only, so we use the Lesser General Public License.\r\n\r\n In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free\r\nprograms enables a greater number of people to use a large body of\r\nfree software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in\r\nnon-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU\r\noperating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating\r\nsystem.\r\n\r\n Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the\r\nusers' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is\r\nlinked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run\r\nthat program using a modified version of the Library.\r\n\r\n The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and\r\nmodification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a\r\n\"work based on the library\" and a \"work that uses the library\". The\r\nformer contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must\r\nbe combined with the library in order to run.\r\n\f\r\n GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION\r\n\r\n 0. This License Agreement applies to any software library or other\r\nprogram which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or\r\nother authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of\r\nthis Lesser General Public License (also called \"this License\").\r\nEach licensee is addressed as \"you\".\r\n\r\n A \"library\" means a collection of software functions and/or data\r\nprepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs\r\n(which use some of those functions and data) to form executables.\r\n\r\n The \"Library\", below, refers to any such software library or work\r\nwhich has been distributed under these terms. A \"work based on the\r\nLibrary\" means either the Library or any derivative work under\r\ncopyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a\r\nportion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated\r\nstraightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is\r\nincluded without limitation in the term \"modification\".)\r\n\r\n \"Source code\" for a work means the preferred form of the work for\r\nmaking modifications to it. For a library, complete source code means\r\nall the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated\r\ninterface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation\r\nand installation of the library.\r\n\r\n Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not\r\ncovered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of\r\nrunning a program using the Library is not restricted, and output from\r\nsuch a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based\r\non the Library (independent of the use of the Library in a tool for\r\nwriting it). Whether that is true depends on what the Library does\r\nand what the program that uses the Library does.\r\n\r\n 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's\r\ncomplete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that\r\nyou conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an\r\nappropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact\r\nall the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any\r\nwarranty; and distribute a copy of this License along with the\r\nLibrary.\r\n\r\n You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,\r\nand you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a\r\nfee.\r\n\f\r\n 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion\r\nof it, thus forming a work based on the Library, and copy and\r\ndistribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1\r\nabove, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:\r\n\r\n a) The modified work must itself be a software library.\r\n\r\n b) You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices\r\n stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.\r\n\r\n c) You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no\r\n charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.\r\n\r\n d) If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a\r\n table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses\r\n the facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility\r\n is invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that,\r\n in the event an application does not supply such function or\r\n table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of\r\n its purpose remains meaningful.\r\n\r\n (For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has\r\n a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the\r\n application. Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any\r\n application-supplied function or table used by this function must\r\n be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square\r\n root function must still compute square roots.)\r\n\r\nThese requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If\r\nidentifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library,\r\nand can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in\r\nthemselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those\r\nsections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you\r\ndistribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based\r\non the Library, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of\r\nthis License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the\r\nentire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote\r\nit.\r\n\r\nThus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest\r\nyour rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to\r\nexercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or\r\ncollective works based on the Library.\r\n\r\nIn addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library\r\nwith the Library (or with a work based on the Library) on a volume of\r\na storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under\r\nthe scope of this License.\r\n\r\n 3. You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public\r\nLicense instead of this License to a given copy of the Library. To do\r\nthis, you must alter all the notices that refer to this License, so\r\nthat they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License, version 2,\r\ninstead of to this License. (If a newer version than version 2 of the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License has appeared, then you can specify\r\nthat version instead if you wish.) Do not make any other change in\r\nthese notices.\r\n\f\r\n Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for\r\nthat copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all\r\nsubsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy.\r\n\r\n This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of\r\nthe Library into a program that is not a library.\r\n\r\n 4. You may copy and distribute the Library (or a portion or\r\nderivative of it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form\r\nunder the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany\r\nit with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which\r\nmust be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a\r\nmedium customarily used for software interchange.\r\n\r\n If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy\r\nfrom a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the\r\nsource code from the same place satisfies the requirement to\r\ndistribute the source code, even though third parties are not\r\ncompelled to copy the source along with the object code.\r\n\r\n 5. A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the\r\nLibrary, but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled or\r\nlinked with it, is called a \"work that uses the Library\". Such a\r\nwork, in isolation, is not a derivative work of the Library, and\r\ntherefore falls outside the scope of this License.\r\n\r\n However, linking a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library\r\ncreates an executable that is a derivative of the Library (because it\r\ncontains portions of the Library), rather than a \"work that uses the\r\nlibrary\". The executable is therefore covered by this License.\r\nSection 6 states terms for distribution of such executables.\r\n\r\n When a \"work that uses the Library\" uses material from a header file\r\nthat is part of the Library, the object code for the work may be a\r\nderivative work of the Library even though the source code is not.\r\nWhether this is true is especially significant if the work can be\r\nlinked without the Library, or if the work is itself a library. The\r\nthreshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law.\r\n\r\n If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data\r\nstructure layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline\r\nfunctions (ten lines or less in length), then the use of the object\r\nfile is unrestricted, regardless of whether it is legally a derivative\r\nwork. (Executables containing this object code plus portions of the\r\nLibrary will still fall under Section 6.)\r\n\r\n Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the Library, you may\r\ndistribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6.\r\nAny executables containing that work also fall under Section 6,\r\nwhether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself.\r\n\f\r\n 6. As an exception to the Sections above, you may also combine or\r\nlink a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library to produce a\r\nwork containing portions of the Library, and distribute that work\r\nunder terms of your choice, provided that the terms permit\r\nmodification of the work for the customer's own use and reverse\r\nengineering for debugging such modifications.\r\n\r\n You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the\r\nLibrary is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by\r\nthis License. You must supply a copy of this License. If the work\r\nduring execution displays copyright notices, you must include the\r\ncopyright notice for the Library among them, as well as a reference\r\ndirecting the user to the copy of this License. Also, you must do one\r\nof these things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the work with the complete corresponding\r\n machine-readable source code for the Library including whatever\r\n changes were used in the work (which must be distributed under\r\n Sections 1 and 2 above); and, if the work is an executable linked\r\n with the Library, with the complete machine-readable \"work that\r\n uses the Library\", as object code and/or source code, so that the\r\n user can modify the Library and then relink to produce a modified\r\n executable containing the modified Library. (It is understood\r\n that the user who changes the contents of definitions files in the\r\n Library will not necessarily be able to recompile the application\r\n to use the modified definitions.)\r\n\r\n b) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the\r\n Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (1) uses at run time a\r\n copy of the library already present on the user's computer system,\r\n rather than copying library functions into the executable, and (2)\r\n will operate properly with a modified version of the library, if\r\n the user installs one, as long as the modified version is\r\n interface-compatible with the version that the work was made with.\r\n\r\n c) Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at\r\n least three years, to give the same user the materials\r\n specified in Subsection 6a, above, for a charge no more\r\n than the cost of performing this distribution.\r\n\r\n d) If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy\r\n from a designated place, offer equivalent access to copy the above\r\n specified materials from the same place.\r\n\r\n e) Verify that the user has already received a copy of these\r\n materials or that you have already sent this user a copy.\r\n\r\n For an executable, the required form of the \"work that uses the\r\nLibrary\" must include any data and utility programs needed for\r\nreproducing the executable from it. However, as a special exception,\r\nthe materials to be distributed need not include anything that is\r\nnormally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major\r\ncomponents (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on\r\nwhich the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies\r\nthe executable.\r\n\r\n It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license\r\nrestrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally\r\naccompany the operating system. Such a contradiction means you cannot\r\nuse both them and the Library together in an executable that you\r\ndistribute.\r\n\f\r\n 7. You may place library facilities that are a work based on the\r\nLibrary side-by-side in a single library together with other library\r\nfacilities not covered by this License, and distribute such a combined\r\nlibrary, provided that the separate distribution of the work based on\r\nthe Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise\r\npermitted, and provided that you do these two things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work\r\n based on the Library, uncombined with any other library\r\n facilities. This must be distributed under the terms of the\r\n Sections above.\r\n\r\n b) Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact\r\n that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining\r\n where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.\r\n\r\n 8. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute\r\nthe Library except as expressly provided under this License. Any\r\nattempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or\r\ndistribute the Library is void, and will automatically terminate your\r\nrights under this License. However, parties who have received copies,\r\nor rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses\r\nterminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.\r\n\r\n 9. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not\r\nsigned it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or\r\ndistribute the Library or its derivative works. These actions are\r\nprohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by\r\nmodifying or distributing the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and\r\nall its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying\r\nthe Library or works based on it.\r\n\r\n 10. Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), the recipient automatically receives a license from the\r\noriginal licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the Library\r\nsubject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further\r\nrestrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.\r\nYou are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with\r\nthis License.\r\n\f\r\n 11. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent\r\ninfringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),\r\nconditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or\r\notherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not\r\nexcuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot\r\ndistribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this\r\nLicense and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you\r\nmay not distribute the Library at all. For example, if a patent\r\nlicense would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Library by\r\nall those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then\r\nthe only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to\r\nrefrain entirely from distribution of the Library.\r\n\r\nIf any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any\r\nparticular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply,\r\nand the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.\r\n\r\nIt is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any\r\npatents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any\r\nsuch claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the\r\nintegrity of the free software distribution system which is\r\nimplemented by public license practices. Many people have made\r\ngenerous contributions to the wide range of software distributed\r\nthrough that system in reliance on consistent application of that\r\nsystem; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing\r\nto distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot\r\nimpose that choice.\r\n\r\nThis section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to\r\nbe a consequence of the rest of this License.\r\n\r\n 12. If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in\r\ncertain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the\r\noriginal copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add\r\nan explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries,\r\nso that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus\r\nexcluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if\r\nwritten in the body of this License.\r\n\r\n 13. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new\r\nversions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time.\r\nSuch new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version,\r\nbut may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.\r\n\r\nEach version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library\r\nspecifies a version number of this License which applies to it and\r\n\"any later version\", you have the option of following the terms and\r\nconditions either of that version or of any later version published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation. If the Library does not specify a\r\nlicense version number, you may choose any version ever published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation.\r\n\f\r\n 14. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free\r\nprograms whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these,\r\nwrite to the author to ask for permission. For software which is\r\ncopyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free\r\nSoftware Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our\r\ndecision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status\r\nof all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing\r\nand reuse of software generally.\r\n\r\n NO WARRANTY\r\n\r\n 15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO\r\nWARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.\r\nEXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR\r\nOTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY \"AS IS\" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY\r\nKIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\r\nIMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR\r\nPURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE\r\nLIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME\r\nTHE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.\r\n\r\n 16. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN\r\nWRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY\r\nAND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU\r\nFOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR\r\nCONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE\r\nLIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING\r\nRENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A\r\nFAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF\r\nSUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH\r\nDAMAGES.\r\n\r\n END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS\r\n\r\n How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries\r\n\r\n If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest\r\npossible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that\r\neveryone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting\r\nredistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the\r\nordinary General Public License).\r\n\r\n To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is\r\nsafest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively\r\nconvey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the\r\n\"copyright\" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.\r\n\r\n <one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.>\r\n Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>\r\n\r\n This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\r\n modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either\r\n version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.\r\n\r\n This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\r\n but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\r\n MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "angle of separation" }, { "word": "associated Legendre function of the first kind" }, { "word": "Bessel functions of the first kind" }, { "word": "Bessel functions of the second kind" }, { "word": "hypergeometric function" }, { "word": "Legendre functions of the first kind" }, { "word": "Legendre functions of the second kind" }, { "word": "modified Bessel functions of the first kind" }, { "word": "modified Bessel functions of the second kind" }, { "word": "Navier–Stokes equation" }, { "word": "partial differential equation" }, { "word": "stream function" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-08-22T20:09:49+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-25T18:24:08+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-25T18:24:08+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/ktcde", "authors": [ { "pk": 1794, "first_name": "Ahmad", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Talaei", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5807, "first_name": "Timothy", "middle_name": "J.", "last_name": "Garrett", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Applied Mathematics" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Engineering" }, { "name": "Fluid Dynamics" }, { "name": "Mechanical Engineering" }, { "name": "Other Mechanical Engineering" }, { "name": "Partial Differential Equations" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Physics" }, { "name": "Special Functions" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Physics_of_Fluids__Solution_to_Navier_Stokes_equation.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/5/download/6/" }, { "original_filename": "Physics_of_Fluids__Solution_to_Navier_Stokes_equation.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/5/download/7/" }, { "original_filename": "Physics_of_Fluids__Solution_to_Navier_Stokes_equation.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/5/download/8/" }, { "original_filename": "Physics_of_Fluids__Solution_to_Navier_Stokes_equation.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/5/download/9/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 6, "title": "The composition and weathering of the continents over geologic time", "abstract": "The composition of continental crust records a history of construction by tectonics and destruction by physical and chemical erosion. Quantitative constraints on how both igneous addition and chemical weathering have modified the continents bulk composition are essential for understanding the evolution of geodynamics and climate. We have extracted temporal trends in sediments protolith composition and weathering intensity from the largest available compilation of sedimentary major-element compositions, of ~ 15,000 samples from 4.0 Ga to the present. To do this we used a new analytical method which inverts whole sedimentary compositions for protolith composition and weathering intensity simultaneously. We find that the average Archean upper continental crust was silica rich and had a similar compositional diversity to modern continents. This is consistent with an early-Archean, or earlier, onset of plate tectonics. In the Archean, chemical weathering was ~ 25 % more efficient at sequestering CO2 than in subsequent time periods. Since 2.0 Ga, over long (> 0.5 Ga) timescales, the crustal weathering intensity has remained largely constant. On shorter timescales over the Phanerozoic, the intensity of weathering is correlated to global climate state, consistent with silicate weathering feedback acting in response to changes in CO2 outgassing.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public\r\nLicenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change\r\nfree software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.\r\n\r\n This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some\r\nspecially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the\r\nFree Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You\r\ncan use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether\r\nthis license or the ordinary General Public License is the better\r\nstrategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.\r\n\r\n When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,\r\nnot price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that\r\nyou have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge\r\nfor this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get\r\nit if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of\r\nit in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do\r\nthese things.\r\n\r\n To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid\r\ndistributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these\r\nrights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for\r\nyou if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.\r\n\r\n For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis\r\nor for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave\r\nyou. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source\r\ncode. If you link other code with the library, you must provide\r\ncomplete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them\r\nwith the library after making changes to the library and recompiling\r\nit. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.\r\n\r\n We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the\r\nlibrary, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal\r\npermission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.\r\n\r\n To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that\r\nthere is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is\r\nmodified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know\r\nthat what they have is not the original version, so that the original\r\nauthor's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be\r\nintroduced by others.\r\n\f\r\n Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of\r\nany free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot\r\neffectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a\r\nrestrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that\r\nany patent license obtained for a version of the library must be\r\nconsistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license.\r\n\r\n Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser\r\nGeneral Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and\r\nis quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use\r\nthis license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those\r\nlibraries into non-free programs.\r\n\r\n When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using\r\na shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a\r\ncombined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary\r\nGeneral Public License therefore permits such linking only if the\r\nentire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General\r\nPublic License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with\r\nthe library.\r\n\r\n We call this license the \"Lesser\" General Public License because it\r\ndoes Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General\r\nPublic License. It also provides other free software developers Less\r\nof an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages\r\nare the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many\r\nlibraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain\r\nspecial circumstances.\r\n\r\n For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to\r\nencourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes\r\na de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be\r\nallowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free\r\nlibrary does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this\r\ncase, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free\r\nsoftware only, so we use the Lesser General Public License.\r\n\r\n In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free\r\nprograms enables a greater number of people to use a large body of\r\nfree software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in\r\nnon-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU\r\noperating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating\r\nsystem.\r\n\r\n Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the\r\nusers' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is\r\nlinked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run\r\nthat program using a modified version of the Library.\r\n\r\n The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and\r\nmodification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a\r\n\"work based on the library\" and a \"work that uses the library\". The\r\nformer contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must\r\nbe combined with the library in order to run.\r\n\f\r\n GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION\r\n\r\n 0. This License Agreement applies to any software library or other\r\nprogram which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or\r\nother authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of\r\nthis Lesser General Public License (also called \"this License\").\r\nEach licensee is addressed as \"you\".\r\n\r\n A \"library\" means a collection of software functions and/or data\r\nprepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs\r\n(which use some of those functions and data) to form executables.\r\n\r\n The \"Library\", below, refers to any such software library or work\r\nwhich has been distributed under these terms. A \"work based on the\r\nLibrary\" means either the Library or any derivative work under\r\ncopyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a\r\nportion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated\r\nstraightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is\r\nincluded without limitation in the term \"modification\".)\r\n\r\n \"Source code\" for a work means the preferred form of the work for\r\nmaking modifications to it. For a library, complete source code means\r\nall the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated\r\ninterface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation\r\nand installation of the library.\r\n\r\n Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not\r\ncovered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of\r\nrunning a program using the Library is not restricted, and output from\r\nsuch a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based\r\non the Library (independent of the use of the Library in a tool for\r\nwriting it). Whether that is true depends on what the Library does\r\nand what the program that uses the Library does.\r\n\r\n 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's\r\ncomplete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that\r\nyou conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an\r\nappropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact\r\nall the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any\r\nwarranty; and distribute a copy of this License along with the\r\nLibrary.\r\n\r\n You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,\r\nand you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a\r\nfee.\r\n\f\r\n 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion\r\nof it, thus forming a work based on the Library, and copy and\r\ndistribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1\r\nabove, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:\r\n\r\n a) The modified work must itself be a software library.\r\n\r\n b) You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices\r\n stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.\r\n\r\n c) You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no\r\n charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.\r\n\r\n d) If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a\r\n table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses\r\n the facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility\r\n is invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that,\r\n in the event an application does not supply such function or\r\n table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of\r\n its purpose remains meaningful.\r\n\r\n (For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has\r\n a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the\r\n application. Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any\r\n application-supplied function or table used by this function must\r\n be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square\r\n root function must still compute square roots.)\r\n\r\nThese requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If\r\nidentifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library,\r\nand can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in\r\nthemselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those\r\nsections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you\r\ndistribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based\r\non the Library, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of\r\nthis License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the\r\nentire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote\r\nit.\r\n\r\nThus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest\r\nyour rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to\r\nexercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or\r\ncollective works based on the Library.\r\n\r\nIn addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library\r\nwith the Library (or with a work based on the Library) on a volume of\r\na storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under\r\nthe scope of this License.\r\n\r\n 3. You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public\r\nLicense instead of this License to a given copy of the Library. To do\r\nthis, you must alter all the notices that refer to this License, so\r\nthat they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License, version 2,\r\ninstead of to this License. (If a newer version than version 2 of the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License has appeared, then you can specify\r\nthat version instead if you wish.) Do not make any other change in\r\nthese notices.\r\n\f\r\n Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for\r\nthat copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all\r\nsubsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy.\r\n\r\n This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of\r\nthe Library into a program that is not a library.\r\n\r\n 4. You may copy and distribute the Library (or a portion or\r\nderivative of it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form\r\nunder the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany\r\nit with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which\r\nmust be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a\r\nmedium customarily used for software interchange.\r\n\r\n If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy\r\nfrom a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the\r\nsource code from the same place satisfies the requirement to\r\ndistribute the source code, even though third parties are not\r\ncompelled to copy the source along with the object code.\r\n\r\n 5. A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the\r\nLibrary, but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled or\r\nlinked with it, is called a \"work that uses the Library\". Such a\r\nwork, in isolation, is not a derivative work of the Library, and\r\ntherefore falls outside the scope of this License.\r\n\r\n However, linking a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library\r\ncreates an executable that is a derivative of the Library (because it\r\ncontains portions of the Library), rather than a \"work that uses the\r\nlibrary\". The executable is therefore covered by this License.\r\nSection 6 states terms for distribution of such executables.\r\n\r\n When a \"work that uses the Library\" uses material from a header file\r\nthat is part of the Library, the object code for the work may be a\r\nderivative work of the Library even though the source code is not.\r\nWhether this is true is especially significant if the work can be\r\nlinked without the Library, or if the work is itself a library. The\r\nthreshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law.\r\n\r\n If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data\r\nstructure layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline\r\nfunctions (ten lines or less in length), then the use of the object\r\nfile is unrestricted, regardless of whether it is legally a derivative\r\nwork. (Executables containing this object code plus portions of the\r\nLibrary will still fall under Section 6.)\r\n\r\n Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the Library, you may\r\ndistribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6.\r\nAny executables containing that work also fall under Section 6,\r\nwhether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself.\r\n\f\r\n 6. As an exception to the Sections above, you may also combine or\r\nlink a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library to produce a\r\nwork containing portions of the Library, and distribute that work\r\nunder terms of your choice, provided that the terms permit\r\nmodification of the work for the customer's own use and reverse\r\nengineering for debugging such modifications.\r\n\r\n You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the\r\nLibrary is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by\r\nthis License. You must supply a copy of this License. If the work\r\nduring execution displays copyright notices, you must include the\r\ncopyright notice for the Library among them, as well as a reference\r\ndirecting the user to the copy of this License. Also, you must do one\r\nof these things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the work with the complete corresponding\r\n machine-readable source code for the Library including whatever\r\n changes were used in the work (which must be distributed under\r\n Sections 1 and 2 above); and, if the work is an executable linked\r\n with the Library, with the complete machine-readable \"work that\r\n uses the Library\", as object code and/or source code, so that the\r\n user can modify the Library and then relink to produce a modified\r\n executable containing the modified Library. (It is understood\r\n that the user who changes the contents of definitions files in the\r\n Library will not necessarily be able to recompile the application\r\n to use the modified definitions.)\r\n\r\n b) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the\r\n Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (1) uses at run time a\r\n copy of the library already present on the user's computer system,\r\n rather than copying library functions into the executable, and (2)\r\n will operate properly with a modified version of the library, if\r\n the user installs one, as long as the modified version is\r\n interface-compatible with the version that the work was made with.\r\n\r\n c) Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at\r\n least three years, to give the same user the materials\r\n specified in Subsection 6a, above, for a charge no more\r\n than the cost of performing this distribution.\r\n\r\n d) If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy\r\n from a designated place, offer equivalent access to copy the above\r\n specified materials from the same place.\r\n\r\n e) Verify that the user has already received a copy of these\r\n materials or that you have already sent this user a copy.\r\n\r\n For an executable, the required form of the \"work that uses the\r\nLibrary\" must include any data and utility programs needed for\r\nreproducing the executable from it. However, as a special exception,\r\nthe materials to be distributed need not include anything that is\r\nnormally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major\r\ncomponents (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on\r\nwhich the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies\r\nthe executable.\r\n\r\n It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license\r\nrestrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally\r\naccompany the operating system. Such a contradiction means you cannot\r\nuse both them and the Library together in an executable that you\r\ndistribute.\r\n\f\r\n 7. You may place library facilities that are a work based on the\r\nLibrary side-by-side in a single library together with other library\r\nfacilities not covered by this License, and distribute such a combined\r\nlibrary, provided that the separate distribution of the work based on\r\nthe Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise\r\npermitted, and provided that you do these two things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work\r\n based on the Library, uncombined with any other library\r\n facilities. This must be distributed under the terms of the\r\n Sections above.\r\n\r\n b) Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact\r\n that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining\r\n where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.\r\n\r\n 8. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute\r\nthe Library except as expressly provided under this License. Any\r\nattempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or\r\ndistribute the Library is void, and will automatically terminate your\r\nrights under this License. However, parties who have received copies,\r\nor rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses\r\nterminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.\r\n\r\n 9. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not\r\nsigned it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or\r\ndistribute the Library or its derivative works. These actions are\r\nprohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by\r\nmodifying or distributing the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and\r\nall its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying\r\nthe Library or works based on it.\r\n\r\n 10. Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), the recipient automatically receives a license from the\r\noriginal licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the Library\r\nsubject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further\r\nrestrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.\r\nYou are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with\r\nthis License.\r\n\f\r\n 11. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent\r\ninfringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),\r\nconditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or\r\notherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not\r\nexcuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot\r\ndistribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this\r\nLicense and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you\r\nmay not distribute the Library at all. For example, if a patent\r\nlicense would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Library by\r\nall those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then\r\nthe only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to\r\nrefrain entirely from distribution of the Library.\r\n\r\nIf any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any\r\nparticular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply,\r\nand the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.\r\n\r\nIt is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any\r\npatents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any\r\nsuch claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the\r\nintegrity of the free software distribution system which is\r\nimplemented by public license practices. Many people have made\r\ngenerous contributions to the wide range of software distributed\r\nthrough that system in reliance on consistent application of that\r\nsystem; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing\r\nto distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot\r\nimpose that choice.\r\n\r\nThis section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to\r\nbe a consequence of the rest of this License.\r\n\r\n 12. If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in\r\ncertain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the\r\noriginal copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add\r\nan explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries,\r\nso that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus\r\nexcluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if\r\nwritten in the body of this License.\r\n\r\n 13. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new\r\nversions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time.\r\nSuch new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version,\r\nbut may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.\r\n\r\nEach version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library\r\nspecifies a version number of this License which applies to it and\r\n\"any later version\", you have the option of following the terms and\r\nconditions either of that version or of any later version published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation. If the Library does not specify a\r\nlicense version number, you may choose any version ever published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation.\r\n\f\r\n 14. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free\r\nprograms whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these,\r\nwrite to the author to ask for permission. For software which is\r\ncopyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free\r\nSoftware Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our\r\ndecision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status\r\nof all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing\r\nand reuse of software generally.\r\n\r\n NO WARRANTY\r\n\r\n 15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO\r\nWARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.\r\nEXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR\r\nOTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY \"AS IS\" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY\r\nKIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\r\nIMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR\r\nPURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE\r\nLIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME\r\nTHE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.\r\n\r\n 16. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN\r\nWRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY\r\nAND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU\r\nFOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR\r\nCONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE\r\nLIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING\r\nRENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A\r\nFAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF\r\nSUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH\r\nDAMAGES.\r\n\r\n END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS\r\n\r\n How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries\r\n\r\n If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest\r\npossible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that\r\neveryone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting\r\nredistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the\r\nordinary General Public License).\r\n\r\n To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is\r\nsafest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively\r\nconvey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the\r\n\"copyright\" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.\r\n\r\n <one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.>\r\n Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>\r\n\r\n This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\r\n modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either\r\n version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.\r\n\r\n This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\r\n but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\r\n MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "archean continents" }, { "word": "crustal evolution" }, { "word": "phanerozoic climate" }, { "word": "plate tectonics" }, { "word": "provenance" }, { "word": "sedimentary geochemistry" }, { "word": "weathering" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-08-21T14:06:59+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-21T18:35:18+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-21T18:35:18+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/qhtb6", "authors": [ { "pk": 1569, "first_name": "Alex", "middle_name": "George", "last_name": "Lipp", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0003-2130-8576" }, { "pk": 2587, "first_name": "Oliver", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Shorttle", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0002-8713-1446" }, { "pk": 7169, "first_name": "Erik", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sperling", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8388, "first_name": "Jochen", "middle_name": "J", "last_name": "Brocks", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 12, "first_name": "Devon", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cole", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 4536, "first_name": "Peter", "middle_name": "William", "last_name": "Crockford", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10620, "first_name": "Lucas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Del Mouro", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10969, "first_name": "Keith", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Dewing", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11233, "first_name": "Stephen", "middle_name": "Q", "last_name": "Dornbos", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 4506, "first_name": "Joseph", "middle_name": "Frederick", "last_name": "Emmings", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0003-2084-0501" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geochemistry" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "GPL_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/6/download/10/" }, { "original_filename": "lipp_2020.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/6/download/11/" }, { "original_filename": "lipp_2020.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/6/download/12/" }, { "original_filename": "Lipp2020_accepted.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/6/download/4281/" }, { "original_filename": "lipp_etal2020_accepted.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/6/download/4430/" }, { "original_filename": "GPL_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/6/download/4509/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://github.com/AlexLipp/crustal-comp", "label": "Public data" } ] }, { "pk": 7, "title": "GARPOS: analysis software for the GNSS-A seafloor positioning with simultaneous estimation of sound speed structure", "abstract": "Global Navigation Satellite System – Acoustic ranging combined seafloor geodetic technique (GNSS-A) has extended the geodetic observation network into the ocean. The key issue for analyzing the GNSS-A data is how to correct the effect of sound speed variation in the seawater. We constructed a generalized observation equation and developed a method to directly extract the gradient sound speed structure by introducing appropriate statistical properties in the observation equation, especially the data correlation term. In the proposed scheme, we calculate the posterior probability based on the empirical Bayes approach using the Akaike’s Bayesian Information Criterion (ABIC) for model selection. This approach enabled us to suppress the overfitting of sound speed variables and thus to extract simpler sound speed field and stable seafloor positions from the GNSS-A dataset. The proposed procedure is implemented in the Python-based software “GARPOS” (GNSS-Acoustic Ranging combined POsitioning Solver).", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "GNSS-A" }, { "word": "GNSS-A methodology" }, { "word": "GNSS-A oceanography" }, { "word": "seafloor geodesy" }, { "word": "sound speed structure" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-08-21T13:04:59+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-21T18:34:31+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-21T18:34:31+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/t8dm4", "authors": [ { "pk": 1647, "first_name": "Shun-ichi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Watanabe", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 1674, "first_name": "Tadashi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ishikawa", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 3949, "first_name": "Yusuke", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yokota", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0003-2969-9110" }, { "pk": 7554, "first_name": "Yuto", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Nakamura", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0002-7015-0026" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Manuscript-EarthArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/7/download/13/" }, { "original_filename": "GARPOS_EarthArXiv_v2.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/7/download/3660/" }, { "original_filename": "GARPOS_EarthArXiv_v2.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/7/download/3801/" }, { "original_filename": "GARPOS_EarthArXiv_v2.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/7/download/3802/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3993912", "label": "Public data" }, { "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3992688", "label": "Public data" } ] }, { "pk": 8, "title": "Quantification of non-linear multiphase flow in porous media", "abstract": "We measure the pressure difference during two-phase flow across a sandstone sample for a range of injection rates and fractional flows of water, the wetting phase, during an imbibition experiment. We quantify the onset of a transition from a linear relationship between flow rate and pressure gradient to a non-linear power-law dependence. We show that the transition from linear (Darcy) to non-linear flow and the exponent in the power-law is a function of fractional flow. We use energy balance to accurately predict the onset of intermittency for a range of fractional flows, fluid viscosities and three rock types, reconciling several literature datasets.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public\r\nLicenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change\r\nfree software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.\r\n\r\n This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some\r\nspecially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the\r\nFree Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You\r\ncan use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether\r\nthis license or the ordinary General Public License is the better\r\nstrategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.\r\n\r\n When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,\r\nnot price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that\r\nyou have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge\r\nfor this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get\r\nit if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of\r\nit in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do\r\nthese things.\r\n\r\n To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid\r\ndistributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these\r\nrights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for\r\nyou if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.\r\n\r\n For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis\r\nor for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave\r\nyou. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source\r\ncode. If you link other code with the library, you must provide\r\ncomplete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them\r\nwith the library after making changes to the library and recompiling\r\nit. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.\r\n\r\n We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the\r\nlibrary, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal\r\npermission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.\r\n\r\n To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that\r\nthere is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is\r\nmodified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know\r\nthat what they have is not the original version, so that the original\r\nauthor's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be\r\nintroduced by others.\r\n\f\r\n Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of\r\nany free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot\r\neffectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a\r\nrestrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that\r\nany patent license obtained for a version of the library must be\r\nconsistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license.\r\n\r\n Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser\r\nGeneral Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and\r\nis quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use\r\nthis license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those\r\nlibraries into non-free programs.\r\n\r\n When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using\r\na shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a\r\ncombined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary\r\nGeneral Public License therefore permits such linking only if the\r\nentire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General\r\nPublic License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with\r\nthe library.\r\n\r\n We call this license the \"Lesser\" General Public License because it\r\ndoes Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General\r\nPublic License. It also provides other free software developers Less\r\nof an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages\r\nare the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many\r\nlibraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain\r\nspecial circumstances.\r\n\r\n For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to\r\nencourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes\r\na de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be\r\nallowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free\r\nlibrary does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this\r\ncase, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free\r\nsoftware only, so we use the Lesser General Public License.\r\n\r\n In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free\r\nprograms enables a greater number of people to use a large body of\r\nfree software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in\r\nnon-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU\r\noperating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating\r\nsystem.\r\n\r\n Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the\r\nusers' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is\r\nlinked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run\r\nthat program using a modified version of the Library.\r\n\r\n The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and\r\nmodification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a\r\n\"work based on the library\" and a \"work that uses the library\". The\r\nformer contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must\r\nbe combined with the library in order to run.\r\n\f\r\n GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION\r\n\r\n 0. This License Agreement applies to any software library or other\r\nprogram which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or\r\nother authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of\r\nthis Lesser General Public License (also called \"this License\").\r\nEach licensee is addressed as \"you\".\r\n\r\n A \"library\" means a collection of software functions and/or data\r\nprepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs\r\n(which use some of those functions and data) to form executables.\r\n\r\n The \"Library\", below, refers to any such software library or work\r\nwhich has been distributed under these terms. A \"work based on the\r\nLibrary\" means either the Library or any derivative work under\r\ncopyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a\r\nportion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated\r\nstraightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is\r\nincluded without limitation in the term \"modification\".)\r\n\r\n \"Source code\" for a work means the preferred form of the work for\r\nmaking modifications to it. For a library, complete source code means\r\nall the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated\r\ninterface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation\r\nand installation of the library.\r\n\r\n Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not\r\ncovered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of\r\nrunning a program using the Library is not restricted, and output from\r\nsuch a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based\r\non the Library (independent of the use of the Library in a tool for\r\nwriting it). Whether that is true depends on what the Library does\r\nand what the program that uses the Library does.\r\n\r\n 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's\r\ncomplete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that\r\nyou conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an\r\nappropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact\r\nall the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any\r\nwarranty; and distribute a copy of this License along with the\r\nLibrary.\r\n\r\n You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,\r\nand you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a\r\nfee.\r\n\f\r\n 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion\r\nof it, thus forming a work based on the Library, and copy and\r\ndistribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1\r\nabove, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:\r\n\r\n a) The modified work must itself be a software library.\r\n\r\n b) You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices\r\n stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.\r\n\r\n c) You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no\r\n charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.\r\n\r\n d) If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a\r\n table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses\r\n the facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility\r\n is invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that,\r\n in the event an application does not supply such function or\r\n table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of\r\n its purpose remains meaningful.\r\n\r\n (For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has\r\n a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the\r\n application. Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any\r\n application-supplied function or table used by this function must\r\n be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square\r\n root function must still compute square roots.)\r\n\r\nThese requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If\r\nidentifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library,\r\nand can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in\r\nthemselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those\r\nsections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you\r\ndistribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based\r\non the Library, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of\r\nthis License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the\r\nentire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote\r\nit.\r\n\r\nThus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest\r\nyour rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to\r\nexercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or\r\ncollective works based on the Library.\r\n\r\nIn addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library\r\nwith the Library (or with a work based on the Library) on a volume of\r\na storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under\r\nthe scope of this License.\r\n\r\n 3. You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public\r\nLicense instead of this License to a given copy of the Library. To do\r\nthis, you must alter all the notices that refer to this License, so\r\nthat they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License, version 2,\r\ninstead of to this License. (If a newer version than version 2 of the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License has appeared, then you can specify\r\nthat version instead if you wish.) Do not make any other change in\r\nthese notices.\r\n\f\r\n Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for\r\nthat copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all\r\nsubsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy.\r\n\r\n This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of\r\nthe Library into a program that is not a library.\r\n\r\n 4. You may copy and distribute the Library (or a portion or\r\nderivative of it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form\r\nunder the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany\r\nit with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which\r\nmust be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a\r\nmedium customarily used for software interchange.\r\n\r\n If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy\r\nfrom a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the\r\nsource code from the same place satisfies the requirement to\r\ndistribute the source code, even though third parties are not\r\ncompelled to copy the source along with the object code.\r\n\r\n 5. A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the\r\nLibrary, but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled or\r\nlinked with it, is called a \"work that uses the Library\". Such a\r\nwork, in isolation, is not a derivative work of the Library, and\r\ntherefore falls outside the scope of this License.\r\n\r\n However, linking a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library\r\ncreates an executable that is a derivative of the Library (because it\r\ncontains portions of the Library), rather than a \"work that uses the\r\nlibrary\". The executable is therefore covered by this License.\r\nSection 6 states terms for distribution of such executables.\r\n\r\n When a \"work that uses the Library\" uses material from a header file\r\nthat is part of the Library, the object code for the work may be a\r\nderivative work of the Library even though the source code is not.\r\nWhether this is true is especially significant if the work can be\r\nlinked without the Library, or if the work is itself a library. The\r\nthreshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law.\r\n\r\n If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data\r\nstructure layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline\r\nfunctions (ten lines or less in length), then the use of the object\r\nfile is unrestricted, regardless of whether it is legally a derivative\r\nwork. (Executables containing this object code plus portions of the\r\nLibrary will still fall under Section 6.)\r\n\r\n Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the Library, you may\r\ndistribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6.\r\nAny executables containing that work also fall under Section 6,\r\nwhether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself.\r\n\f\r\n 6. As an exception to the Sections above, you may also combine or\r\nlink a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library to produce a\r\nwork containing portions of the Library, and distribute that work\r\nunder terms of your choice, provided that the terms permit\r\nmodification of the work for the customer's own use and reverse\r\nengineering for debugging such modifications.\r\n\r\n You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the\r\nLibrary is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by\r\nthis License. You must supply a copy of this License. If the work\r\nduring execution displays copyright notices, you must include the\r\ncopyright notice for the Library among them, as well as a reference\r\ndirecting the user to the copy of this License. Also, you must do one\r\nof these things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the work with the complete corresponding\r\n machine-readable source code for the Library including whatever\r\n changes were used in the work (which must be distributed under\r\n Sections 1 and 2 above); and, if the work is an executable linked\r\n with the Library, with the complete machine-readable \"work that\r\n uses the Library\", as object code and/or source code, so that the\r\n user can modify the Library and then relink to produce a modified\r\n executable containing the modified Library. (It is understood\r\n that the user who changes the contents of definitions files in the\r\n Library will not necessarily be able to recompile the application\r\n to use the modified definitions.)\r\n\r\n b) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the\r\n Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (1) uses at run time a\r\n copy of the library already present on the user's computer system,\r\n rather than copying library functions into the executable, and (2)\r\n will operate properly with a modified version of the library, if\r\n the user installs one, as long as the modified version is\r\n interface-compatible with the version that the work was made with.\r\n\r\n c) Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at\r\n least three years, to give the same user the materials\r\n specified in Subsection 6a, above, for a charge no more\r\n than the cost of performing this distribution.\r\n\r\n d) If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy\r\n from a designated place, offer equivalent access to copy the above\r\n specified materials from the same place.\r\n\r\n e) Verify that the user has already received a copy of these\r\n materials or that you have already sent this user a copy.\r\n\r\n For an executable, the required form of the \"work that uses the\r\nLibrary\" must include any data and utility programs needed for\r\nreproducing the executable from it. However, as a special exception,\r\nthe materials to be distributed need not include anything that is\r\nnormally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major\r\ncomponents (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on\r\nwhich the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies\r\nthe executable.\r\n\r\n It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license\r\nrestrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally\r\naccompany the operating system. Such a contradiction means you cannot\r\nuse both them and the Library together in an executable that you\r\ndistribute.\r\n\f\r\n 7. You may place library facilities that are a work based on the\r\nLibrary side-by-side in a single library together with other library\r\nfacilities not covered by this License, and distribute such a combined\r\nlibrary, provided that the separate distribution of the work based on\r\nthe Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise\r\npermitted, and provided that you do these two things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work\r\n based on the Library, uncombined with any other library\r\n facilities. This must be distributed under the terms of the\r\n Sections above.\r\n\r\n b) Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact\r\n that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining\r\n where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.\r\n\r\n 8. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute\r\nthe Library except as expressly provided under this License. Any\r\nattempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or\r\ndistribute the Library is void, and will automatically terminate your\r\nrights under this License. However, parties who have received copies,\r\nor rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses\r\nterminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.\r\n\r\n 9. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not\r\nsigned it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or\r\ndistribute the Library or its derivative works. These actions are\r\nprohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by\r\nmodifying or distributing the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and\r\nall its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying\r\nthe Library or works based on it.\r\n\r\n 10. Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), the recipient automatically receives a license from the\r\noriginal licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the Library\r\nsubject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further\r\nrestrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.\r\nYou are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with\r\nthis License.\r\n\f\r\n 11. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent\r\ninfringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),\r\nconditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or\r\notherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not\r\nexcuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot\r\ndistribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this\r\nLicense and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you\r\nmay not distribute the Library at all. For example, if a patent\r\nlicense would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Library by\r\nall those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then\r\nthe only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to\r\nrefrain entirely from distribution of the Library.\r\n\r\nIf any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any\r\nparticular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply,\r\nand the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.\r\n\r\nIt is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any\r\npatents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any\r\nsuch claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the\r\nintegrity of the free software distribution system which is\r\nimplemented by public license practices. Many people have made\r\ngenerous contributions to the wide range of software distributed\r\nthrough that system in reliance on consistent application of that\r\nsystem; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing\r\nto distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot\r\nimpose that choice.\r\n\r\nThis section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to\r\nbe a consequence of the rest of this License.\r\n\r\n 12. If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in\r\ncertain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the\r\noriginal copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add\r\nan explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries,\r\nso that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus\r\nexcluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if\r\nwritten in the body of this License.\r\n\r\n 13. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new\r\nversions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time.\r\nSuch new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version,\r\nbut may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.\r\n\r\nEach version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library\r\nspecifies a version number of this License which applies to it and\r\n\"any later version\", you have the option of following the terms and\r\nconditions either of that version or of any later version published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation. If the Library does not specify a\r\nlicense version number, you may choose any version ever published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation.\r\n\f\r\n 14. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free\r\nprograms whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these,\r\nwrite to the author to ask for permission. For software which is\r\ncopyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free\r\nSoftware Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our\r\ndecision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status\r\nof all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing\r\nand reuse of software generally.\r\n\r\n NO WARRANTY\r\n\r\n 15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO\r\nWARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.\r\nEXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR\r\nOTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY \"AS IS\" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY\r\nKIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\r\nIMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR\r\nPURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE\r\nLIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME\r\nTHE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.\r\n\r\n 16. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN\r\nWRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY\r\nAND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU\r\nFOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR\r\nCONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE\r\nLIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING\r\nRENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A\r\nFAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF\r\nSUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH\r\nDAMAGES.\r\n\r\n END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS\r\n\r\n How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries\r\n\r\n If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest\r\npossible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that\r\neveryone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting\r\nredistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the\r\nordinary General Public License).\r\n\r\n To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is\r\nsafest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively\r\nconvey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the\r\n\"copyright\" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.\r\n\r\n <one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.>\r\n Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>\r\n\r\n This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\r\n modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either\r\n version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.\r\n\r\n This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\r\n but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\r\n MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "fluid dynamics" }, { "word": "multiphase flow" }, { "word": "porous media" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-08-20T16:52:14+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-20T21:15:55+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-20T21:15:55+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/2rxbn", "authors": [ { "pk": 4728, "first_name": "Yihuai", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zhang", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0001-5471-3450" }, { "pk": 12103, "first_name": "Branko", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bijeljic", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6497, "first_name": "Ying", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gao", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 18, "first_name": "Qingyang", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lin", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10996, "first_name": "Martin", "middle_name": "J", "last_name": "Blunt", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0002-8725-0250" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Engineering" }, { "name": "Hydrology" }, { "name": "Life Sciences" }, { "name": "Medicine and Health Sciences" }, { "name": "Mineral Physics" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "script.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/8/download/14/" }, { "original_filename": "script.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/8/download/15/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 9, "title": "Correcting 19th and 20th century sea surface temperatures improves simulations of Atlantic hurricane activity", "abstract": "Changes in the statistics of North Atlantic hurricanes are known to depend upon the pattern of tropical sea surface temperatures (SSTs). Dynamical and statistical models are key tools to predict future hurricane activity, with our confidence in this application rooted in the models’ ability to skillfully reproduce hurricane variations over the past 30-40 years, when satellite data allows accurate reconstruction of observed ocean temperature variations. Extending the evaluation of simulations forced with historical SSTs against hurricane activity to century scales provides a more complete assessment of predictive skill, but which is limited in part by uncertainty in historical SST estimates. Here we show that recent corrections for systematic offsets in bucket SST measurements improve model skill in reproducing North Atlantic hurricane counts and lead to consistent reproducibility since the late 19th century. Changes in hurricane frequency introduced by revising historical SST data are of similar magnitude to projected changes for 2081-2100 in response to increasing greenhouse gases, highlighting the importance of accurately assessing SST patterns for both the historical period and the future.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public\r\nLicenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change\r\nfree software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.\r\n\r\n This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some\r\nspecially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the\r\nFree Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You\r\ncan use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether\r\nthis license or the ordinary General Public License is the better\r\nstrategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.\r\n\r\n When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,\r\nnot price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that\r\nyou have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge\r\nfor this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get\r\nit if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of\r\nit in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do\r\nthese things.\r\n\r\n To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid\r\ndistributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these\r\nrights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for\r\nyou if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.\r\n\r\n For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis\r\nor for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave\r\nyou. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source\r\ncode. If you link other code with the library, you must provide\r\ncomplete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them\r\nwith the library after making changes to the library and recompiling\r\nit. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.\r\n\r\n We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the\r\nlibrary, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal\r\npermission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.\r\n\r\n To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that\r\nthere is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is\r\nmodified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know\r\nthat what they have is not the original version, so that the original\r\nauthor's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be\r\nintroduced by others.\r\n\f\r\n Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of\r\nany free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot\r\neffectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a\r\nrestrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that\r\nany patent license obtained for a version of the library must be\r\nconsistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license.\r\n\r\n Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser\r\nGeneral Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and\r\nis quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use\r\nthis license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those\r\nlibraries into non-free programs.\r\n\r\n When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using\r\na shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a\r\ncombined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary\r\nGeneral Public License therefore permits such linking only if the\r\nentire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General\r\nPublic License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with\r\nthe library.\r\n\r\n We call this license the \"Lesser\" General Public License because it\r\ndoes Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General\r\nPublic License. It also provides other free software developers Less\r\nof an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages\r\nare the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many\r\nlibraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain\r\nspecial circumstances.\r\n\r\n For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to\r\nencourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes\r\na de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be\r\nallowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free\r\nlibrary does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this\r\ncase, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free\r\nsoftware only, so we use the Lesser General Public License.\r\n\r\n In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free\r\nprograms enables a greater number of people to use a large body of\r\nfree software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in\r\nnon-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU\r\noperating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating\r\nsystem.\r\n\r\n Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the\r\nusers' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is\r\nlinked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run\r\nthat program using a modified version of the Library.\r\n\r\n The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and\r\nmodification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a\r\n\"work based on the library\" and a \"work that uses the library\". The\r\nformer contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must\r\nbe combined with the library in order to run.\r\n\f\r\n GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION\r\n\r\n 0. This License Agreement applies to any software library or other\r\nprogram which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or\r\nother authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of\r\nthis Lesser General Public License (also called \"this License\").\r\nEach licensee is addressed as \"you\".\r\n\r\n A \"library\" means a collection of software functions and/or data\r\nprepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs\r\n(which use some of those functions and data) to form executables.\r\n\r\n The \"Library\", below, refers to any such software library or work\r\nwhich has been distributed under these terms. A \"work based on the\r\nLibrary\" means either the Library or any derivative work under\r\ncopyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a\r\nportion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated\r\nstraightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is\r\nincluded without limitation in the term \"modification\".)\r\n\r\n \"Source code\" for a work means the preferred form of the work for\r\nmaking modifications to it. For a library, complete source code means\r\nall the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated\r\ninterface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation\r\nand installation of the library.\r\n\r\n Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not\r\ncovered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of\r\nrunning a program using the Library is not restricted, and output from\r\nsuch a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based\r\non the Library (independent of the use of the Library in a tool for\r\nwriting it). Whether that is true depends on what the Library does\r\nand what the program that uses the Library does.\r\n\r\n 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's\r\ncomplete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that\r\nyou conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an\r\nappropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact\r\nall the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any\r\nwarranty; and distribute a copy of this License along with the\r\nLibrary.\r\n\r\n You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,\r\nand you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a\r\nfee.\r\n\f\r\n 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion\r\nof it, thus forming a work based on the Library, and copy and\r\ndistribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1\r\nabove, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:\r\n\r\n a) The modified work must itself be a software library.\r\n\r\n b) You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices\r\n stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.\r\n\r\n c) You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no\r\n charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.\r\n\r\n d) If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a\r\n table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses\r\n the facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility\r\n is invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that,\r\n in the event an application does not supply such function or\r\n table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of\r\n its purpose remains meaningful.\r\n\r\n (For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has\r\n a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the\r\n application. Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any\r\n application-supplied function or table used by this function must\r\n be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square\r\n root function must still compute square roots.)\r\n\r\nThese requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If\r\nidentifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library,\r\nand can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in\r\nthemselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those\r\nsections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you\r\ndistribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based\r\non the Library, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of\r\nthis License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the\r\nentire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote\r\nit.\r\n\r\nThus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest\r\nyour rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to\r\nexercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or\r\ncollective works based on the Library.\r\n\r\nIn addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library\r\nwith the Library (or with a work based on the Library) on a volume of\r\na storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under\r\nthe scope of this License.\r\n\r\n 3. You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public\r\nLicense instead of this License to a given copy of the Library. To do\r\nthis, you must alter all the notices that refer to this License, so\r\nthat they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License, version 2,\r\ninstead of to this License. (If a newer version than version 2 of the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License has appeared, then you can specify\r\nthat version instead if you wish.) Do not make any other change in\r\nthese notices.\r\n\f\r\n Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for\r\nthat copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all\r\nsubsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy.\r\n\r\n This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of\r\nthe Library into a program that is not a library.\r\n\r\n 4. You may copy and distribute the Library (or a portion or\r\nderivative of it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form\r\nunder the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany\r\nit with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which\r\nmust be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a\r\nmedium customarily used for software interchange.\r\n\r\n If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy\r\nfrom a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the\r\nsource code from the same place satisfies the requirement to\r\ndistribute the source code, even though third parties are not\r\ncompelled to copy the source along with the object code.\r\n\r\n 5. A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the\r\nLibrary, but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled or\r\nlinked with it, is called a \"work that uses the Library\". Such a\r\nwork, in isolation, is not a derivative work of the Library, and\r\ntherefore falls outside the scope of this License.\r\n\r\n However, linking a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library\r\ncreates an executable that is a derivative of the Library (because it\r\ncontains portions of the Library), rather than a \"work that uses the\r\nlibrary\". The executable is therefore covered by this License.\r\nSection 6 states terms for distribution of such executables.\r\n\r\n When a \"work that uses the Library\" uses material from a header file\r\nthat is part of the Library, the object code for the work may be a\r\nderivative work of the Library even though the source code is not.\r\nWhether this is true is especially significant if the work can be\r\nlinked without the Library, or if the work is itself a library. The\r\nthreshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law.\r\n\r\n If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data\r\nstructure layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline\r\nfunctions (ten lines or less in length), then the use of the object\r\nfile is unrestricted, regardless of whether it is legally a derivative\r\nwork. (Executables containing this object code plus portions of the\r\nLibrary will still fall under Section 6.)\r\n\r\n Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the Library, you may\r\ndistribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6.\r\nAny executables containing that work also fall under Section 6,\r\nwhether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself.\r\n\f\r\n 6. As an exception to the Sections above, you may also combine or\r\nlink a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library to produce a\r\nwork containing portions of the Library, and distribute that work\r\nunder terms of your choice, provided that the terms permit\r\nmodification of the work for the customer's own use and reverse\r\nengineering for debugging such modifications.\r\n\r\n You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the\r\nLibrary is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by\r\nthis License. You must supply a copy of this License. If the work\r\nduring execution displays copyright notices, you must include the\r\ncopyright notice for the Library among them, as well as a reference\r\ndirecting the user to the copy of this License. Also, you must do one\r\nof these things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the work with the complete corresponding\r\n machine-readable source code for the Library including whatever\r\n changes were used in the work (which must be distributed under\r\n Sections 1 and 2 above); and, if the work is an executable linked\r\n with the Library, with the complete machine-readable \"work that\r\n uses the Library\", as object code and/or source code, so that the\r\n user can modify the Library and then relink to produce a modified\r\n executable containing the modified Library. (It is understood\r\n that the user who changes the contents of definitions files in the\r\n Library will not necessarily be able to recompile the application\r\n to use the modified definitions.)\r\n\r\n b) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the\r\n Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (1) uses at run time a\r\n copy of the library already present on the user's computer system,\r\n rather than copying library functions into the executable, and (2)\r\n will operate properly with a modified version of the library, if\r\n the user installs one, as long as the modified version is\r\n interface-compatible with the version that the work was made with.\r\n\r\n c) Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at\r\n least three years, to give the same user the materials\r\n specified in Subsection 6a, above, for a charge no more\r\n than the cost of performing this distribution.\r\n\r\n d) If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy\r\n from a designated place, offer equivalent access to copy the above\r\n specified materials from the same place.\r\n\r\n e) Verify that the user has already received a copy of these\r\n materials or that you have already sent this user a copy.\r\n\r\n For an executable, the required form of the \"work that uses the\r\nLibrary\" must include any data and utility programs needed for\r\nreproducing the executable from it. However, as a special exception,\r\nthe materials to be distributed need not include anything that is\r\nnormally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major\r\ncomponents (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on\r\nwhich the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies\r\nthe executable.\r\n\r\n It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license\r\nrestrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally\r\naccompany the operating system. Such a contradiction means you cannot\r\nuse both them and the Library together in an executable that you\r\ndistribute.\r\n\f\r\n 7. You may place library facilities that are a work based on the\r\nLibrary side-by-side in a single library together with other library\r\nfacilities not covered by this License, and distribute such a combined\r\nlibrary, provided that the separate distribution of the work based on\r\nthe Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise\r\npermitted, and provided that you do these two things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work\r\n based on the Library, uncombined with any other library\r\n facilities. This must be distributed under the terms of the\r\n Sections above.\r\n\r\n b) Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact\r\n that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining\r\n where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.\r\n\r\n 8. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute\r\nthe Library except as expressly provided under this License. Any\r\nattempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or\r\ndistribute the Library is void, and will automatically terminate your\r\nrights under this License. However, parties who have received copies,\r\nor rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses\r\nterminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.\r\n\r\n 9. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not\r\nsigned it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or\r\ndistribute the Library or its derivative works. These actions are\r\nprohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by\r\nmodifying or distributing the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and\r\nall its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying\r\nthe Library or works based on it.\r\n\r\n 10. Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), the recipient automatically receives a license from the\r\noriginal licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the Library\r\nsubject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further\r\nrestrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.\r\nYou are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with\r\nthis License.\r\n\f\r\n 11. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent\r\ninfringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),\r\nconditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or\r\notherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not\r\nexcuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot\r\ndistribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this\r\nLicense and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you\r\nmay not distribute the Library at all. For example, if a patent\r\nlicense would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Library by\r\nall those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then\r\nthe only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to\r\nrefrain entirely from distribution of the Library.\r\n\r\nIf any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any\r\nparticular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply,\r\nand the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.\r\n\r\nIt is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any\r\npatents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any\r\nsuch claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the\r\nintegrity of the free software distribution system which is\r\nimplemented by public license practices. Many people have made\r\ngenerous contributions to the wide range of software distributed\r\nthrough that system in reliance on consistent application of that\r\nsystem; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing\r\nto distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot\r\nimpose that choice.\r\n\r\nThis section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to\r\nbe a consequence of the rest of this License.\r\n\r\n 12. If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in\r\ncertain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the\r\noriginal copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add\r\nan explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries,\r\nso that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus\r\nexcluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if\r\nwritten in the body of this License.\r\n\r\n 13. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new\r\nversions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time.\r\nSuch new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version,\r\nbut may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.\r\n\r\nEach version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library\r\nspecifies a version number of this License which applies to it and\r\n\"any later version\", you have the option of following the terms and\r\nconditions either of that version or of any later version published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation. If the Library does not specify a\r\nlicense version number, you may choose any version ever published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation.\r\n\f\r\n 14. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free\r\nprograms whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these,\r\nwrite to the author to ask for permission. For software which is\r\ncopyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free\r\nSoftware Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our\r\ndecision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status\r\nof all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing\r\nand reuse of software generally.\r\n\r\n NO WARRANTY\r\n\r\n 15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO\r\nWARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.\r\nEXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR\r\nOTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY \"AS IS\" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY\r\nKIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\r\nIMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR\r\nPURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE\r\nLIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME\r\nTHE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.\r\n\r\n 16. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN\r\nWRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY\r\nAND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU\r\nFOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR\r\nCONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE\r\nLIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING\r\nRENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A\r\nFAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF\r\nSUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH\r\nDAMAGES.\r\n\r\n END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS\r\n\r\n How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries\r\n\r\n If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest\r\npossible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that\r\neveryone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting\r\nredistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the\r\nordinary General Public License).\r\n\r\n To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is\r\nsafest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively\r\nconvey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the\r\n\"copyright\" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.\r\n\r\n <one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.>\r\n Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>\r\n\r\n This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\r\n modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either\r\n version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.\r\n\r\n This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\r\n but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\r\n MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "bias correction" }, { "word": "Hurricane" }, { "word": "Sea surface temperature" }, { "word": "Simulation" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-08-20T16:34:54+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-20T21:14:10+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-20T21:14:10+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/huz73", "authors": [ { "pk": 12300, "first_name": "Duo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chan", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5935, "first_name": "Gabriel", "middle_name": "A.", "last_name": "Vecchi", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 4193, "first_name": "Wenchang", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yang", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0003-0053-9527" }, { "pk": 12301, "first_name": "Peter", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Huybers", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Atmospheric Sciences" }, { "name": "Climate" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "TC_SST_for_arXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/9/download/16/" }, { "original_filename": "TC_SST_for_arXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/9/download/17/" }, { "original_filename": "TC_SST_for_arXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/9/download/18/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 10, "title": "Identifying and correcting the World War 2 warm anomaly in sea surface temperature measurements", "abstract": "Most foregoing estimates of historical sea surface temperature (SST) feature warmer global-average SSTs during World War 2 well in excess of climate-model predictions. This warm anomaly, referred to as the WW2WA, was hypothesized to arise from incomplete corrections of biases associated with rapid changes in measurement instruments and protocols. Using linear mixed-effects methods we confirm highly significant offsets among specific groups of bucket and engine-room-intake SST measurements that, upon correction, reduce the WW2WA by 0.26°C (95% c.i. 0.15 to 0.38°C). Furthermore, SST measurements during WW2 coming from buckets are reportedly warmer at night than day, and controlling for this evident bias reduces the WW2WA by another 0.05°C (0.02 to 0.08°C). Adjusted SSTs give a more stable and smoothly evolving record of historical warming with a WW2WA of 0.09°C (-0.01 to 0.18°C) that is consistent with internal variability in climate models.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public\r\nLicenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change\r\nfree software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.\r\n\r\n This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some\r\nspecially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the\r\nFree Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You\r\ncan use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether\r\nthis license or the ordinary General Public License is the better\r\nstrategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.\r\n\r\n When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,\r\nnot price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that\r\nyou have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge\r\nfor this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get\r\nit if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of\r\nit in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do\r\nthese things.\r\n\r\n To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid\r\ndistributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these\r\nrights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for\r\nyou if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.\r\n\r\n For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis\r\nor for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave\r\nyou. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source\r\ncode. If you link other code with the library, you must provide\r\ncomplete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them\r\nwith the library after making changes to the library and recompiling\r\nit. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.\r\n\r\n We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the\r\nlibrary, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal\r\npermission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.\r\n\r\n To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that\r\nthere is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is\r\nmodified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know\r\nthat what they have is not the original version, so that the original\r\nauthor's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be\r\nintroduced by others.\r\n\f\r\n Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of\r\nany free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot\r\neffectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a\r\nrestrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that\r\nany patent license obtained for a version of the library must be\r\nconsistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license.\r\n\r\n Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser\r\nGeneral Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and\r\nis quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use\r\nthis license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those\r\nlibraries into non-free programs.\r\n\r\n When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using\r\na shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a\r\ncombined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary\r\nGeneral Public License therefore permits such linking only if the\r\nentire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General\r\nPublic License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with\r\nthe library.\r\n\r\n We call this license the \"Lesser\" General Public License because it\r\ndoes Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General\r\nPublic License. It also provides other free software developers Less\r\nof an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages\r\nare the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many\r\nlibraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain\r\nspecial circumstances.\r\n\r\n For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to\r\nencourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes\r\na de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be\r\nallowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free\r\nlibrary does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this\r\ncase, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free\r\nsoftware only, so we use the Lesser General Public License.\r\n\r\n In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free\r\nprograms enables a greater number of people to use a large body of\r\nfree software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in\r\nnon-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU\r\noperating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating\r\nsystem.\r\n\r\n Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the\r\nusers' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is\r\nlinked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run\r\nthat program using a modified version of the Library.\r\n\r\n The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and\r\nmodification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a\r\n\"work based on the library\" and a \"work that uses the library\". The\r\nformer contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must\r\nbe combined with the library in order to run.\r\n\f\r\n GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION\r\n\r\n 0. This License Agreement applies to any software library or other\r\nprogram which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or\r\nother authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of\r\nthis Lesser General Public License (also called \"this License\").\r\nEach licensee is addressed as \"you\".\r\n\r\n A \"library\" means a collection of software functions and/or data\r\nprepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs\r\n(which use some of those functions and data) to form executables.\r\n\r\n The \"Library\", below, refers to any such software library or work\r\nwhich has been distributed under these terms. A \"work based on the\r\nLibrary\" means either the Library or any derivative work under\r\ncopyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a\r\nportion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated\r\nstraightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is\r\nincluded without limitation in the term \"modification\".)\r\n\r\n \"Source code\" for a work means the preferred form of the work for\r\nmaking modifications to it. For a library, complete source code means\r\nall the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated\r\ninterface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation\r\nand installation of the library.\r\n\r\n Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not\r\ncovered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of\r\nrunning a program using the Library is not restricted, and output from\r\nsuch a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based\r\non the Library (independent of the use of the Library in a tool for\r\nwriting it). Whether that is true depends on what the Library does\r\nand what the program that uses the Library does.\r\n\r\n 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's\r\ncomplete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that\r\nyou conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an\r\nappropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact\r\nall the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any\r\nwarranty; and distribute a copy of this License along with the\r\nLibrary.\r\n\r\n You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,\r\nand you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a\r\nfee.\r\n\f\r\n 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion\r\nof it, thus forming a work based on the Library, and copy and\r\ndistribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1\r\nabove, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:\r\n\r\n a) The modified work must itself be a software library.\r\n\r\n b) You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices\r\n stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.\r\n\r\n c) You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no\r\n charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.\r\n\r\n d) If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a\r\n table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses\r\n the facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility\r\n is invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that,\r\n in the event an application does not supply such function or\r\n table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of\r\n its purpose remains meaningful.\r\n\r\n (For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has\r\n a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the\r\n application. Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any\r\n application-supplied function or table used by this function must\r\n be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square\r\n root function must still compute square roots.)\r\n\r\nThese requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If\r\nidentifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library,\r\nand can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in\r\nthemselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those\r\nsections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you\r\ndistribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based\r\non the Library, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of\r\nthis License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the\r\nentire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote\r\nit.\r\n\r\nThus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest\r\nyour rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to\r\nexercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or\r\ncollective works based on the Library.\r\n\r\nIn addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library\r\nwith the Library (or with a work based on the Library) on a volume of\r\na storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under\r\nthe scope of this License.\r\n\r\n 3. You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public\r\nLicense instead of this License to a given copy of the Library. To do\r\nthis, you must alter all the notices that refer to this License, so\r\nthat they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License, version 2,\r\ninstead of to this License. (If a newer version than version 2 of the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License has appeared, then you can specify\r\nthat version instead if you wish.) Do not make any other change in\r\nthese notices.\r\n\f\r\n Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for\r\nthat copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all\r\nsubsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy.\r\n\r\n This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of\r\nthe Library into a program that is not a library.\r\n\r\n 4. You may copy and distribute the Library (or a portion or\r\nderivative of it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form\r\nunder the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany\r\nit with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which\r\nmust be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a\r\nmedium customarily used for software interchange.\r\n\r\n If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy\r\nfrom a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the\r\nsource code from the same place satisfies the requirement to\r\ndistribute the source code, even though third parties are not\r\ncompelled to copy the source along with the object code.\r\n\r\n 5. A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the\r\nLibrary, but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled or\r\nlinked with it, is called a \"work that uses the Library\". Such a\r\nwork, in isolation, is not a derivative work of the Library, and\r\ntherefore falls outside the scope of this License.\r\n\r\n However, linking a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library\r\ncreates an executable that is a derivative of the Library (because it\r\ncontains portions of the Library), rather than a \"work that uses the\r\nlibrary\". The executable is therefore covered by this License.\r\nSection 6 states terms for distribution of such executables.\r\n\r\n When a \"work that uses the Library\" uses material from a header file\r\nthat is part of the Library, the object code for the work may be a\r\nderivative work of the Library even though the source code is not.\r\nWhether this is true is especially significant if the work can be\r\nlinked without the Library, or if the work is itself a library. The\r\nthreshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law.\r\n\r\n If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data\r\nstructure layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline\r\nfunctions (ten lines or less in length), then the use of the object\r\nfile is unrestricted, regardless of whether it is legally a derivative\r\nwork. (Executables containing this object code plus portions of the\r\nLibrary will still fall under Section 6.)\r\n\r\n Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the Library, you may\r\ndistribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6.\r\nAny executables containing that work also fall under Section 6,\r\nwhether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself.\r\n\f\r\n 6. As an exception to the Sections above, you may also combine or\r\nlink a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library to produce a\r\nwork containing portions of the Library, and distribute that work\r\nunder terms of your choice, provided that the terms permit\r\nmodification of the work for the customer's own use and reverse\r\nengineering for debugging such modifications.\r\n\r\n You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the\r\nLibrary is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by\r\nthis License. You must supply a copy of this License. If the work\r\nduring execution displays copyright notices, you must include the\r\ncopyright notice for the Library among them, as well as a reference\r\ndirecting the user to the copy of this License. Also, you must do one\r\nof these things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the work with the complete corresponding\r\n machine-readable source code for the Library including whatever\r\n changes were used in the work (which must be distributed under\r\n Sections 1 and 2 above); and, if the work is an executable linked\r\n with the Library, with the complete machine-readable \"work that\r\n uses the Library\", as object code and/or source code, so that the\r\n user can modify the Library and then relink to produce a modified\r\n executable containing the modified Library. (It is understood\r\n that the user who changes the contents of definitions files in the\r\n Library will not necessarily be able to recompile the application\r\n to use the modified definitions.)\r\n\r\n b) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the\r\n Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (1) uses at run time a\r\n copy of the library already present on the user's computer system,\r\n rather than copying library functions into the executable, and (2)\r\n will operate properly with a modified version of the library, if\r\n the user installs one, as long as the modified version is\r\n interface-compatible with the version that the work was made with.\r\n\r\n c) Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at\r\n least three years, to give the same user the materials\r\n specified in Subsection 6a, above, for a charge no more\r\n than the cost of performing this distribution.\r\n\r\n d) If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy\r\n from a designated place, offer equivalent access to copy the above\r\n specified materials from the same place.\r\n\r\n e) Verify that the user has already received a copy of these\r\n materials or that you have already sent this user a copy.\r\n\r\n For an executable, the required form of the \"work that uses the\r\nLibrary\" must include any data and utility programs needed for\r\nreproducing the executable from it. However, as a special exception,\r\nthe materials to be distributed need not include anything that is\r\nnormally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major\r\ncomponents (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on\r\nwhich the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies\r\nthe executable.\r\n\r\n It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license\r\nrestrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally\r\naccompany the operating system. Such a contradiction means you cannot\r\nuse both them and the Library together in an executable that you\r\ndistribute.\r\n\f\r\n 7. You may place library facilities that are a work based on the\r\nLibrary side-by-side in a single library together with other library\r\nfacilities not covered by this License, and distribute such a combined\r\nlibrary, provided that the separate distribution of the work based on\r\nthe Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise\r\npermitted, and provided that you do these two things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work\r\n based on the Library, uncombined with any other library\r\n facilities. This must be distributed under the terms of the\r\n Sections above.\r\n\r\n b) Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact\r\n that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining\r\n where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.\r\n\r\n 8. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute\r\nthe Library except as expressly provided under this License. Any\r\nattempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or\r\ndistribute the Library is void, and will automatically terminate your\r\nrights under this License. However, parties who have received copies,\r\nor rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses\r\nterminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.\r\n\r\n 9. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not\r\nsigned it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or\r\ndistribute the Library or its derivative works. These actions are\r\nprohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by\r\nmodifying or distributing the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and\r\nall its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying\r\nthe Library or works based on it.\r\n\r\n 10. Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), the recipient automatically receives a license from the\r\noriginal licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the Library\r\nsubject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further\r\nrestrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.\r\nYou are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with\r\nthis License.\r\n\f\r\n 11. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent\r\ninfringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),\r\nconditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or\r\notherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not\r\nexcuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot\r\ndistribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this\r\nLicense and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you\r\nmay not distribute the Library at all. For example, if a patent\r\nlicense would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Library by\r\nall those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then\r\nthe only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to\r\nrefrain entirely from distribution of the Library.\r\n\r\nIf any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any\r\nparticular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply,\r\nand the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.\r\n\r\nIt is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any\r\npatents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any\r\nsuch claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the\r\nintegrity of the free software distribution system which is\r\nimplemented by public license practices. Many people have made\r\ngenerous contributions to the wide range of software distributed\r\nthrough that system in reliance on consistent application of that\r\nsystem; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing\r\nto distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot\r\nimpose that choice.\r\n\r\nThis section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to\r\nbe a consequence of the rest of this License.\r\n\r\n 12. If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in\r\ncertain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the\r\noriginal copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add\r\nan explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries,\r\nso that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus\r\nexcluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if\r\nwritten in the body of this License.\r\n\r\n 13. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new\r\nversions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time.\r\nSuch new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version,\r\nbut may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.\r\n\r\nEach version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library\r\nspecifies a version number of this License which applies to it and\r\n\"any later version\", you have the option of following the terms and\r\nconditions either of that version or of any later version published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation. If the Library does not specify a\r\nlicense version number, you may choose any version ever published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation.\r\n\f\r\n 14. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free\r\nprograms whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these,\r\nwrite to the author to ask for permission. For software which is\r\ncopyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free\r\nSoftware Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our\r\ndecision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status\r\nof all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing\r\nand reuse of software generally.\r\n\r\n NO WARRANTY\r\n\r\n 15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO\r\nWARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.\r\nEXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR\r\nOTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY \"AS IS\" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY\r\nKIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\r\nIMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR\r\nPURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE\r\nLIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME\r\nTHE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.\r\n\r\n 16. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN\r\nWRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY\r\nAND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU\r\nFOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR\r\nCONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE\r\nLIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING\r\nRENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A\r\nFAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF\r\nSUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH\r\nDAMAGES.\r\n\r\n END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS\r\n\r\n How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries\r\n\r\n If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest\r\npossible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that\r\neveryone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting\r\nredistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the\r\nordinary General Public License).\r\n\r\n To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is\r\nsafest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively\r\nconvey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the\r\n\"copyright\" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.\r\n\r\n <one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.>\r\n Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>\r\n\r\n This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\r\n modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either\r\n version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.\r\n\r\n This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\r\n but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\r\n MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Sea surface temperature" }, { "word": "Bias" }, { "word": "Correction" }, { "word": "Model-data discrepancy" }, { "word": "World War II" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-08-20T15:30:02+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-20T21:15:05+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-20T21:15:05+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/ju26e", "authors": [ { "pk": 12300, "first_name": "Duo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chan", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 12301, "first_name": "Peter", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Huybers", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Climate" }, { "name": "Oceanography" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "WWII_CD_for_arXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/10/download/19/" }, { "original_filename": "WWII_CD_for_arXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/10/download/20/" }, { "original_filename": "WWII_CD_for_arXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/10/download/21/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 16, "title": "Computing single-particle flotation kinetics using automated mineralogy data and machine learning", "abstract": "Studies of flotation kinetics are essential for understanding, predicting, and optimizing the selective recovery of minerals and metals through flotation. Recently, much effort has been made to use intrinsic ore properties to model flotation behavior. Particle-based characterization methods, e.g. SEM-based image analysis, has enabled much of this development. However, currently available methods for studies of flotation kinetics can not accommodate single-particle data, resulting in incomplete use of data that is readily available today. In this contribution, a method is introduced to apply kinetic flotation models to individual particles. This method, based on lasso-regularized multinomial logistic regression, allows for an in-depth understanding of particle flotation behavior as a function of all measured particle characteristics. With the proposed method, the joint influences of particle size, shape, as well as modal and surface compositions on the recovery of individual particles can be taken into unprecedented consideration. The results of the simulated particle behavior showed a very good agreement to the outcome of conventional empirical studies and follow well-described froth flotation recovery behavior.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "automated mineralogy" }, { "word": "flotation kinetics" }, { "word": "geometallurgy" }, { "word": "machine learning" }, { "word": "particle-tracking" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-08-19T09:17:20+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-21T02:29:06+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-21T02:29:06+02:00", "doi": "http://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2021.107054", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/OSF.IO/5TGHQ", "authors": [ { "pk": 1649, "first_name": "Lucas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pereira", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0001-8041-5406" }, { "pk": 6072, "first_name": "Max", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Frenzel", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7371, "first_name": "Duong", "middle_name": "Huu", "last_name": "Hoang", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8559, "first_name": "Raimon", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tolosana-Delgado", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9506, "first_name": "Martin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rudolph", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10197, "first_name": "Jens", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gutzmer", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Engineering" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Mining Engineering" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Kinetics single particles.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/16/download/29/" }, { "original_filename": "Kinetics single particles.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/16/download/30/" }, { "original_filename": "Kinetics single particles.docx", "mime_type": "application/msword", "download_url": "/repository/object/16/download/31/" }, { "original_filename": "Kinetics single particles.v2.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/16/download/3650/" }, { "original_filename": "Kinetics single particles.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/16/download/5151/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11, "title": "The Ediacaran Grenville dykes (SE Canada) reveal the weakest sustained palaeomagnetic field on record.", "abstract": "Long-term variations of the geomagnetic field, observed in the palaeomagnetic record, have the potential to shed much light on the evolution of Earth’s deep interior. With a geomagnetic field characterised by anomalous directions and ultra-low intensities, the Ediacaran period (635-541 Ma) is a time of special interest. Steep and shallow directions, leading to virtual geomagnetic poles (VGPs), separated by angles of up to 90° and very close in age could have recorded a geomagnetic field switching between axial and equatorial dipole-dominated states. Alternatively, the field may simply have been highly nondipolar and subject to rapid reversals. Palaeointensity determinations of units that record the anomalous directions could potentially help to discriminate between morphologies but the spatial and temporal distribution of palaeomagnetic data require improvement. Here we present new palaeointensities from 11 sites from the western end of the Grenville Dyke swarm that recorded directionally anomalous geomagnetic fields around ~585 Ma. Palaeointensities, obtained through microwave Thellier, Shaw and pseudo-Thellier methods, show field strength values of 2.9±2.2 µT and corresponding virtual dipole moments of 0.3-1.7 x1022 Am2. These field strengths are an order of magnitude weaker than the present-day field. The most extreme palaeointensity values of 1.4-2.1 µT are half as strong as seen in previous studies of the Ediacaran field and as low as Mars’ recently measured crustal field intensity, giving a new lower bound for the Earth. VGPs grouping in two distinct clusters with almost identical angular dispersions of VGPs (SB = 18.5° and 18.9°) may argue for the presence of an equatorial dipole. In contrast, the palaeointensities associated with the steep and shallow components are indistinguishable. This observation, together with the overall very large VGP dispersion may rather support that the Grenville Dykes have recorded enhanced secular variation linked to a highly unstable, multipolar and reversing field.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Ediacaran" }, { "word": "Grenville Dykes" }, { "word": "Laurentia" }, { "word": "Paleointensity" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-08-20T12:04:09+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-20T18:32:18+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-20T18:32:18+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/ksqhy", "authors": [ { "pk": 4039, "first_name": "Dan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Thallner", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": "0000-0002-5846-4380" }, { "pk": 16843, "first_name": "Andrew", "middle_name": "John", "last_name": "Biggin", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7288, "first_name": "Henry", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Halls", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Preprint_GD_intensities_first_submission.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11/download/22/" }, { "original_filename": "Preprint_GD_intensities_first_submission.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11/download/23/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 12, "title": "A unifying basis for the interplay of stress and chemical processes in the Earth: support from diverse experiments", "abstract": "The Earth is under stress on all scales from individual grains to the entire crust and mantle. Mineral reactions, including pressure solution and diffusion creep, occur in that context. Whilst the effect of pressure on mineral reactions is understood through well established thermodynamics, the effect of stress on mineral reactions is not. Here I show that a particular equation linking stress and chemistry underpins the interpretations of diverse experiments from the last 80 years. Consequently I suggest it may provide a unifying basis to explain and quantify many significant but incompletely understood phenomena in which reactions interact with stress in the Earth.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Chemistry" }, { "word": "Kinetics" }, { "word": "Metamorphism" }, { "word": "Mineral physics" }, { "word": "Nonhydrostatic thermodynamics" }, { "word": "Stress" }, { "word": "Thermodynamics" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-08-20T10:47:07+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-20T18:39:36+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-20T18:39:36+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/gu9rx", "authors": [ { "pk": 1530, "first_name": "John", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wheeler", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "The Equation preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12/download/24/" }, { "original_filename": "MS - The Equation in press.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12/download/3677/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 13, "title": "A prototype for a Multi-GNSS orbit combination", "abstract": "Since 1994, the International GNSS Service (IGS) provides a combination of orbit and clock offset products from its different Analysis Centers. These products are used as input by many software for countless scientific and/or operational applications. They can also be used as an independent reference for benchmark experiments. Nevertheless, those products include GPS-only data, despite the fact that nowadays several GNSS constellations are available. \nWe performed modifications on the existing IGS combination software and made it compatible with multi-GNSS products. We present here the results of a combination of five Multi-GNSS Experiment Analysis Centers (ACs) for five constellations (GPS + GLONASS + Galileo + Beidou + QZSS) from GPS week 1800 to 2000. The RMS of combined orbit w.r.t. input ACs ones are ~ 3±1.5cm for recent weeks of the test period.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "clocks" }, { "word": "combination" }, { "word": "IGS" }, { "word": "International GNSS Service" }, { "word": "MGEX" }, { "word": "Multi-GNSS" }, { "word": "Multi GNSS EXperiment" }, { "word": "orbits" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-08-20T10:40:42+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-20T18:31:47+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-20T18:31:47+02:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.23919/ENC48637.2020.9317316", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/OSF.IO/KXQSC", "authors": [ { "pk": 3551, "first_name": "Pierre", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sakic", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0003-1770-0532" }, { "pk": 5514, "first_name": "Gustavo", "middle_name": "Bento", "last_name": "Mansur", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0003-2963-4886" }, { "pk": 8696, "first_name": "Benjamin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Männel", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0003-2938-1356" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Astrophysics and Astronomy" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Other Astrophysics and Astronomy" }, { "name": "Other Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "SakicEtAl_MGEX_Combi_v2.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/13/download/25/" }, { "original_filename": "SakicEtAl_MGEX_Combi.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/13/download/26/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 14, "title": "Quantitative estimates of average geomagnetic axial dipole dominance in deep geological time", "abstract": "A defining characteristic of the recent geomagnetic field is its dominant axial dipole which provides its navigational utility and dictates the shape of the magnetosphere. Going back through time, much less is known about the degree of axial dipole dominance. Here we use a substantial and diverse set of 3D numerical dynamo simulations and recent observation-based field models to derive a power law relationship between the angular dispersion of virtual geomagnetic poles at the equator and the median axial dipole dominance measured at Earth’s surface. Applying this relation to published estimates of equatorial angular dispersion implies that geomagnetic axial dipole dominance averaged over 107-109 years has remained moderately high and stable through large parts of geological time. This provides an observational constraint to future studies of the geodynamo and palaeomagnetosphere. It also provides some reassurance as to the reliability of palaeogeographical reconstructions provided by palaeomagnetism.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [], "date_submitted": "2020-08-20T10:25:43+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-20T10:53:18+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-20T10:53:18+02:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19794-7", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/OSF.IO/9S7Y6", "authors": [ { "pk": 16843, "first_name": "Andrew", "middle_name": "John", "last_name": "Biggin", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 16871, "first_name": "Richard", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bono", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 26, "first_name": "Domenico", "middle_name": "Giovanni", "last_name": "Meduri", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8517, "first_name": "Courtney", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sprain", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 4330, "first_name": "Chris", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Davies", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-1074-3815" }, { "pk": 10179, "first_name": "Richard", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Holme", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10668, "first_name": "Pavel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Doubrovine", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Biggin et al 2020_axial dipole.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/14/download/27/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 15, "title": "An Integrated Flood Risk Assessment and Mitigation Framework: Middle Cedar River Basin Case Study", "abstract": "Property buyout is one of the most frequently preferred flood mitigation applications by decision-makers for long-term risk reduction. Due to its high-level funding requirements as a mitigation solution, it requires extensive benefits and costs analysis for the selected region. Many communities in the State of Iowa experienced flood events (i.e. 1993, 2008, 2014, 2019) which resulted in a heavy economic impact over a couple of decades. Nearly 3,000 property acquisitions have been made between 2007 and 2017 by Iowa Homeland Security and Emergency Management Department (IHSEMD). This study presents a web-based Flood Risk Assessment and Mitigation Environment (FRAME) which provides visual data analytics capabilities to analyze property and community level benefit-cost analysis for property acquisitions. The FRAME allows users to query previous mitigation projects and buyouts that are completed by IHSEMD. A detailed benefit-cost analysis of historical property buyouts and direct losses of existing properties in the Middle Cedar watershed in Iowa is studied using stream gauge data from the United States Geological Survey (USGS). Projected stream gauge datasets which are outputs of two climate scenarios (A1FI-fossil intensive and A2-low emission) are also utilized to assess future avoided losses for acquisitions and possible direct economic losses for existing parcels. Case study results indicate that the average benefit-cost ratio (BCR) for most buyouts in Iowa is around 0.86. In addition, nearly half of the buyouts reached to 4.72 BCR in low emission and 6.3 BCR in fossil intensive climate projections.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public\r\nLicenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change\r\nfree software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.\r\n\r\n This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some\r\nspecially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the\r\nFree Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You\r\ncan use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether\r\nthis license or the ordinary General Public License is the better\r\nstrategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.\r\n\r\n When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,\r\nnot price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that\r\nyou have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge\r\nfor this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get\r\nit if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of\r\nit in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do\r\nthese things.\r\n\r\n To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid\r\ndistributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these\r\nrights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for\r\nyou if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.\r\n\r\n For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis\r\nor for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave\r\nyou. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source\r\ncode. If you link other code with the library, you must provide\r\ncomplete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them\r\nwith the library after making changes to the library and recompiling\r\nit. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.\r\n\r\n We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the\r\nlibrary, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal\r\npermission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.\r\n\r\n To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that\r\nthere is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is\r\nmodified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know\r\nthat what they have is not the original version, so that the original\r\nauthor's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be\r\nintroduced by others.\r\n\f\r\n Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of\r\nany free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot\r\neffectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a\r\nrestrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that\r\nany patent license obtained for a version of the library must be\r\nconsistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license.\r\n\r\n Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser\r\nGeneral Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and\r\nis quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use\r\nthis license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those\r\nlibraries into non-free programs.\r\n\r\n When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using\r\na shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a\r\ncombined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary\r\nGeneral Public License therefore permits such linking only if the\r\nentire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General\r\nPublic License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with\r\nthe library.\r\n\r\n We call this license the \"Lesser\" General Public License because it\r\ndoes Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General\r\nPublic License. It also provides other free software developers Less\r\nof an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages\r\nare the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many\r\nlibraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain\r\nspecial circumstances.\r\n\r\n For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to\r\nencourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes\r\na de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be\r\nallowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free\r\nlibrary does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this\r\ncase, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free\r\nsoftware only, so we use the Lesser General Public License.\r\n\r\n In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free\r\nprograms enables a greater number of people to use a large body of\r\nfree software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in\r\nnon-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU\r\noperating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating\r\nsystem.\r\n\r\n Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the\r\nusers' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is\r\nlinked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run\r\nthat program using a modified version of the Library.\r\n\r\n The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and\r\nmodification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a\r\n\"work based on the library\" and a \"work that uses the library\". The\r\nformer contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must\r\nbe combined with the library in order to run.\r\n\f\r\n GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION\r\n\r\n 0. This License Agreement applies to any software library or other\r\nprogram which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or\r\nother authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of\r\nthis Lesser General Public License (also called \"this License\").\r\nEach licensee is addressed as \"you\".\r\n\r\n A \"library\" means a collection of software functions and/or data\r\nprepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs\r\n(which use some of those functions and data) to form executables.\r\n\r\n The \"Library\", below, refers to any such software library or work\r\nwhich has been distributed under these terms. A \"work based on the\r\nLibrary\" means either the Library or any derivative work under\r\ncopyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a\r\nportion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated\r\nstraightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is\r\nincluded without limitation in the term \"modification\".)\r\n\r\n \"Source code\" for a work means the preferred form of the work for\r\nmaking modifications to it. For a library, complete source code means\r\nall the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated\r\ninterface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation\r\nand installation of the library.\r\n\r\n Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not\r\ncovered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of\r\nrunning a program using the Library is not restricted, and output from\r\nsuch a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based\r\non the Library (independent of the use of the Library in a tool for\r\nwriting it). Whether that is true depends on what the Library does\r\nand what the program that uses the Library does.\r\n\r\n 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's\r\ncomplete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that\r\nyou conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an\r\nappropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact\r\nall the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any\r\nwarranty; and distribute a copy of this License along with the\r\nLibrary.\r\n\r\n You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,\r\nand you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a\r\nfee.\r\n\f\r\n 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion\r\nof it, thus forming a work based on the Library, and copy and\r\ndistribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1\r\nabove, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:\r\n\r\n a) The modified work must itself be a software library.\r\n\r\n b) You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices\r\n stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.\r\n\r\n c) You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no\r\n charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.\r\n\r\n d) If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a\r\n table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses\r\n the facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility\r\n is invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that,\r\n in the event an application does not supply such function or\r\n table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of\r\n its purpose remains meaningful.\r\n\r\n (For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has\r\n a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the\r\n application. Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any\r\n application-supplied function or table used by this function must\r\n be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square\r\n root function must still compute square roots.)\r\n\r\nThese requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If\r\nidentifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library,\r\nand can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in\r\nthemselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those\r\nsections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you\r\ndistribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based\r\non the Library, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of\r\nthis License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the\r\nentire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote\r\nit.\r\n\r\nThus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest\r\nyour rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to\r\nexercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or\r\ncollective works based on the Library.\r\n\r\nIn addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library\r\nwith the Library (or with a work based on the Library) on a volume of\r\na storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under\r\nthe scope of this License.\r\n\r\n 3. You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public\r\nLicense instead of this License to a given copy of the Library. To do\r\nthis, you must alter all the notices that refer to this License, so\r\nthat they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License, version 2,\r\ninstead of to this License. (If a newer version than version 2 of the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License has appeared, then you can specify\r\nthat version instead if you wish.) Do not make any other change in\r\nthese notices.\r\n\f\r\n Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for\r\nthat copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all\r\nsubsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy.\r\n\r\n This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of\r\nthe Library into a program that is not a library.\r\n\r\n 4. You may copy and distribute the Library (or a portion or\r\nderivative of it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form\r\nunder the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany\r\nit with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which\r\nmust be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a\r\nmedium customarily used for software interchange.\r\n\r\n If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy\r\nfrom a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the\r\nsource code from the same place satisfies the requirement to\r\ndistribute the source code, even though third parties are not\r\ncompelled to copy the source along with the object code.\r\n\r\n 5. A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the\r\nLibrary, but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled or\r\nlinked with it, is called a \"work that uses the Library\". Such a\r\nwork, in isolation, is not a derivative work of the Library, and\r\ntherefore falls outside the scope of this License.\r\n\r\n However, linking a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library\r\ncreates an executable that is a derivative of the Library (because it\r\ncontains portions of the Library), rather than a \"work that uses the\r\nlibrary\". The executable is therefore covered by this License.\r\nSection 6 states terms for distribution of such executables.\r\n\r\n When a \"work that uses the Library\" uses material from a header file\r\nthat is part of the Library, the object code for the work may be a\r\nderivative work of the Library even though the source code is not.\r\nWhether this is true is especially significant if the work can be\r\nlinked without the Library, or if the work is itself a library. The\r\nthreshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law.\r\n\r\n If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data\r\nstructure layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline\r\nfunctions (ten lines or less in length), then the use of the object\r\nfile is unrestricted, regardless of whether it is legally a derivative\r\nwork. (Executables containing this object code plus portions of the\r\nLibrary will still fall under Section 6.)\r\n\r\n Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the Library, you may\r\ndistribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6.\r\nAny executables containing that work also fall under Section 6,\r\nwhether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself.\r\n\f\r\n 6. As an exception to the Sections above, you may also combine or\r\nlink a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library to produce a\r\nwork containing portions of the Library, and distribute that work\r\nunder terms of your choice, provided that the terms permit\r\nmodification of the work for the customer's own use and reverse\r\nengineering for debugging such modifications.\r\n\r\n You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the\r\nLibrary is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by\r\nthis License. You must supply a copy of this License. If the work\r\nduring execution displays copyright notices, you must include the\r\ncopyright notice for the Library among them, as well as a reference\r\ndirecting the user to the copy of this License. Also, you must do one\r\nof these things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the work with the complete corresponding\r\n machine-readable source code for the Library including whatever\r\n changes were used in the work (which must be distributed under\r\n Sections 1 and 2 above); and, if the work is an executable linked\r\n with the Library, with the complete machine-readable \"work that\r\n uses the Library\", as object code and/or source code, so that the\r\n user can modify the Library and then relink to produce a modified\r\n executable containing the modified Library. (It is understood\r\n that the user who changes the contents of definitions files in the\r\n Library will not necessarily be able to recompile the application\r\n to use the modified definitions.)\r\n\r\n b) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the\r\n Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (1) uses at run time a\r\n copy of the library already present on the user's computer system,\r\n rather than copying library functions into the executable, and (2)\r\n will operate properly with a modified version of the library, if\r\n the user installs one, as long as the modified version is\r\n interface-compatible with the version that the work was made with.\r\n\r\n c) Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at\r\n least three years, to give the same user the materials\r\n specified in Subsection 6a, above, for a charge no more\r\n than the cost of performing this distribution.\r\n\r\n d) If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy\r\n from a designated place, offer equivalent access to copy the above\r\n specified materials from the same place.\r\n\r\n e) Verify that the user has already received a copy of these\r\n materials or that you have already sent this user a copy.\r\n\r\n For an executable, the required form of the \"work that uses the\r\nLibrary\" must include any data and utility programs needed for\r\nreproducing the executable from it. However, as a special exception,\r\nthe materials to be distributed need not include anything that is\r\nnormally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major\r\ncomponents (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on\r\nwhich the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies\r\nthe executable.\r\n\r\n It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license\r\nrestrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally\r\naccompany the operating system. Such a contradiction means you cannot\r\nuse both them and the Library together in an executable that you\r\ndistribute.\r\n\f\r\n 7. You may place library facilities that are a work based on the\r\nLibrary side-by-side in a single library together with other library\r\nfacilities not covered by this License, and distribute such a combined\r\nlibrary, provided that the separate distribution of the work based on\r\nthe Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise\r\npermitted, and provided that you do these two things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work\r\n based on the Library, uncombined with any other library\r\n facilities. This must be distributed under the terms of the\r\n Sections above.\r\n\r\n b) Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact\r\n that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining\r\n where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.\r\n\r\n 8. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute\r\nthe Library except as expressly provided under this License. Any\r\nattempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or\r\ndistribute the Library is void, and will automatically terminate your\r\nrights under this License. However, parties who have received copies,\r\nor rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses\r\nterminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.\r\n\r\n 9. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not\r\nsigned it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or\r\ndistribute the Library or its derivative works. These actions are\r\nprohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by\r\nmodifying or distributing the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and\r\nall its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying\r\nthe Library or works based on it.\r\n\r\n 10. Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), the recipient automatically receives a license from the\r\noriginal licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the Library\r\nsubject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further\r\nrestrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.\r\nYou are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with\r\nthis License.\r\n\f\r\n 11. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent\r\ninfringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),\r\nconditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or\r\notherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not\r\nexcuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot\r\ndistribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this\r\nLicense and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you\r\nmay not distribute the Library at all. For example, if a patent\r\nlicense would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Library by\r\nall those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then\r\nthe only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to\r\nrefrain entirely from distribution of the Library.\r\n\r\nIf any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any\r\nparticular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply,\r\nand the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.\r\n\r\nIt is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any\r\npatents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any\r\nsuch claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the\r\nintegrity of the free software distribution system which is\r\nimplemented by public license practices. Many people have made\r\ngenerous contributions to the wide range of software distributed\r\nthrough that system in reliance on consistent application of that\r\nsystem; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing\r\nto distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot\r\nimpose that choice.\r\n\r\nThis section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to\r\nbe a consequence of the rest of this License.\r\n\r\n 12. If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in\r\ncertain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the\r\noriginal copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add\r\nan explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries,\r\nso that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus\r\nexcluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if\r\nwritten in the body of this License.\r\n\r\n 13. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new\r\nversions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time.\r\nSuch new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version,\r\nbut may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.\r\n\r\nEach version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library\r\nspecifies a version number of this License which applies to it and\r\n\"any later version\", you have the option of following the terms and\r\nconditions either of that version or of any later version published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation. If the Library does not specify a\r\nlicense version number, you may choose any version ever published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation.\r\n\f\r\n 14. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free\r\nprograms whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these,\r\nwrite to the author to ask for permission. For software which is\r\ncopyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free\r\nSoftware Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our\r\ndecision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status\r\nof all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing\r\nand reuse of software generally.\r\n\r\n NO WARRANTY\r\n\r\n 15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO\r\nWARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.\r\nEXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR\r\nOTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY \"AS IS\" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY\r\nKIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\r\nIMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR\r\nPURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE\r\nLIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME\r\nTHE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.\r\n\r\n 16. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN\r\nWRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY\r\nAND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU\r\nFOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR\r\nCONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE\r\nLIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING\r\nRENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A\r\nFAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF\r\nSUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH\r\nDAMAGES.\r\n\r\n END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS\r\n\r\n How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries\r\n\r\n If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest\r\npossible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that\r\neveryone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting\r\nredistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the\r\nordinary General Public License).\r\n\r\n To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is\r\nsafest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively\r\nconvey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the\r\n\"copyright\" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.\r\n\r\n <one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.>\r\n Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>\r\n\r\n This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\r\n modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either\r\n version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.\r\n\r\n This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\r\n but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\r\n MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "data analytics" }, { "word": "flood mitigation" }, { "word": "flood risk assessment" }, { "word": "property buyout" }, { "word": "web framework" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-08-19T21:48:33+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-20T18:41:55+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-20T18:41:55+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/68zc4", "authors": [ { "pk": 28, "first_name": "Enes", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yildirim", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 3764, "first_name": "Ibrahim", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Demir", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Engineering" }, { "name": "Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Water Resource Management" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Flood Risk Assessment and Mitigation Framework - EA.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/15/download/28/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 1215, "title": "Complex and cascading triggering of submarine landslides and turbidity currents at volcanic islands revealed from integration of high-resolution onshore and offshore surveys", "abstract": "Submerged flanks of volcanic islands are prone to hazards including submarine landslides that may trigger damaging tsunamis and fast-moving sediment-laden seafloor flows (turbidity currents) that break critical seafloor infrastructure. Small Island Developing States are particularly vulnerable to these hazards due to their remote and isolated nature, small size, high population densities and weak economies. Despite their vulnerability, few detailed offshore surveys exist for such islands, resulting in a geohazard ‘blindspot’, particularly in the South Pacific. Understanding how these hazards are triggered is important; however, pin-pointing specific triggers is challenging as most studies have been unable to link continuously between onshore and offshore environments, and focus primarily on large-scale eruptions with sudden production of massive volumes of sediment. Here we focus on a situation where volcanic sediment supply produces a long-term elevation over a “normal” regime, which is more similar to the long-term elevated sediment production cases at many sites (volcanic or not) where human-induced vegetation change over-supplies sediments to coastal margins. We address these issues by integrating the first detailed (2 m x 2 m) bathymetry data acquired from Tanna Island, Vanuatu with a combination of terrestrial remote sensing data, onshore and offshore sediment sampling, and documented historical events. Mount Yasur on Tanna has experienced low-magnitude Strombolian activity for at least the last 600 years. We find clear evidence for submarine landslides and turbidity currents, yet none of the identified triggers are related to major volcanic eruptions, in contrast to conclusions from several previous studies. Instead we find that cascades of non-volcanic events (including outburst floods with discharges of >1000 m3/s, and tropical cyclones), that may be separated by decades, are more important for preconditioning and triggering in chronic sediment oversupply regimes such as at Tanna. We conclude with a general model for how submarine landslides and turbidity currents are triggered at volcanic and other heavily eroding mountainous islands. Our model highlights the often-ignored importance of outburst floods, non-linear responses to lands-use and climatic changes, and the complex interactions between a range of coastal and tectonic processes that may overshadow volcanic regimes.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "tropical cyclone" }, { "word": "submarine landslide" }, { "word": "turbidity current" }, { "word": "Cascading hazards" }, { "word": "crescentic bedform" }, { "word": "Strombolian volcano" }, { "word": "volcanic island" }, { "word": "Yasur" } ], "date_submitted": "2018-09-22T13:54:38+02:00", "date_accepted": "2018-09-22T14:04:19+02:00", "date_published": "2018-09-22T14:04:19+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/rm8qp", "authors": [ { "pk": 5225, "first_name": "Michael", "middle_name": "Andrew", "last_name": "Clare", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8427, "first_name": "Timothy", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Le Bas", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0002-2545-782X" }, { "pk": 8217, "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Price", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11743, "first_name": "James", "middle_name": "E.", "last_name": "Hunt", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10017, "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sear", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8875, "first_name": "Matthieu", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cartigny", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10930, "first_name": "Age", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Vellinga", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11199, "first_name": "William", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Symons", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11393, "first_name": "Christopher", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Firth", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 12874, "first_name": "Shane", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cronin", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Hydrology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Sedimentology" }, { "name": "Stratigraphy" }, { "name": "Volcanology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "425850_Clare_Original_Manuscript_ArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/1215/download/2777/" }, { "original_filename": "425850_Clare_Original_Manuscript_ArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/1215/download/2778/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/5t3yh", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 17, "title": "Comment: The effect of post-conflict transition on deforestation in protected areas in Colombia", "abstract": "A recent study on Colombian protected areas has found an increase in deforestation after ending armed conflict. The authors propose several drivers behind this trend and take their findings as proof of how these drivers specifically affect protected areas and render them particularly vulnerable to deforestation during post-conflict transition. However, after conducting an extended analysis of the data, we show that the original study merely noticed a national trend of increased deforestation in Colombia, and that forests in national protected areas are actually less affected by the transition than other forests in Colombia. Given these results, the proposed drivers and conservation lessons of the original study can only be regarded as speculative. In this comment, we point out the conceptual and statistical shortcomings of the original study to discuss how to improve forest change analyses regarding policy relevance.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "armed conflict" }, { "word": "forest change" }, { "word": "South-America" }, { "word": "tropical forests" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-08-18T15:55:29+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-20T18:31:10+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-20T18:31:10+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/f2zxh", "authors": [ { "pk": 31, "first_name": "Daniel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Schoenig", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6105, "first_name": "Jerome", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Dupras", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7400, "first_name": "Christian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Messier", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Natural Resources and Conservation" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "forestchange_col_pa_200903_pre.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/17/download/32/" }, { "original_filename": "forestchange_col_pa_200817_pre.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/17/download/33/" }, { "original_filename": "forestchange_col_pa_200817_pre.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/17/download/34/" }, { "original_filename": "forestchange_col_pa_200817.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/17/download/35/" }, { "original_filename": "forestchange_col_pa_200817.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/17/download/36/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://github.com/dschoenig/forestchange_colombia_pa", "label": "Public data" } ] }, { "pk": 18, "title": "Structure of the North Anatolian Fault Zone imaged via teleseismic scattering tomography", "abstract": "Information on fault zone structure is essential for our understanding of earthquake mechanics, continental deformation and our understanding of seismic hazard. We use the scattered seismic wavefield to study the subsurface structure of the North-Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) in the region of the 1999 {\\.I}zmit and D\\\"uzce rupture using data from an 18-month dense deployment of seismometers with a nominal station spacing of 7~km. Using the forward and backscattered energy following the direct \\textit{P}-wave arrival from teleseismic earthquakes, we apply a scattered wave inversion approach and are able to resolve fine-scale changes in lithospheric structure on scales of 10~km or less in an area of about 130~km by 100~km across the NAFZ. We find several crustal interfaces that are laterally incoherent beneath the surface strands of the NAFZ and evidence for contrasting crustal structures either side of the NAFZ, consistent with the presence of juxtaposed crustal blocks and ancient suture zones. Although the two strands of the NAFZ in the study region strike roughly east-west, we detect strong variations in structure both north-south, across boundaries of the major blocks, and east-west, parallel to the strike of the NAFZ. The shallow NAFZ is coincident with features detected on the crust-mantle boundary (Moho) and deeper into the mantle. We show that a dense passive network of seismometers is able to capture information from the scattered seismic wavefield and using a tomographic approach, resolving the fine scale structure of crust and lithospheric mantle even in geologically complex regions. Our results show that major shear zones exist as narrow structures beneath the NAFZ throughout the crust and into the lithospheric mantle, suggesting a strong coupling of strain across these depths.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [], "date_submitted": "2020-08-18T14:23:40+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-20T18:29:59+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-20T18:29:59+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/a9gd6", "authors": [ { "pk": 4884, "first_name": "Sebastian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rost", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6120, "first_name": "Greg", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Houseman", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7412, "first_name": "Andrew", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Frederiksen", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 3636, "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cornwell", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0002-9843-7811" }, { "pk": 9528, "first_name": "Metin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kahraman", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10213, "first_name": "Sleda", "middle_name": "Altuncy", "last_name": "Poyraz", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10691, "first_name": "Ugur", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Teoman", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11021, "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "A.", "last_name": "Thompson", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11267, "first_name": "Niyazi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Türkelli", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11440, "first_name": "Levent", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gülen", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Rost_ScatTomo_2019_EarthArxiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/18/download/37/" }, { "original_filename": "Rost_ScatTomo_2019_final.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/18/download/38/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "http://www.fdsn.org/networks/detail/YH_2012/", "label": "Public data" } ] }, { "pk": 19, "title": "Citizen science reveals the population exposure to air pollution", "abstract": "Air pollution remains a key environmental problem in an increasingly urbanized world. To quantify health impacts and support informed policies, the population exposure needs to be accurately monitored. However, the inherent spatial variability of air quality poses a tenacious challenge to this. While concentrations of traffic-related pollutants like nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are known to vary over short distances, official monitoring networks remain inherently sparse, as reference stations are costly to construct and operate. Here we show that citizen science provides an cost-effective way to collect large, spatially distributed datasets that critically complement official monitoring.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public\r\nLicenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change\r\nfree software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.\r\n\r\n This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some\r\nspecially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the\r\nFree Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You\r\ncan use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether\r\nthis license or the ordinary General Public License is the better\r\nstrategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.\r\n\r\n When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,\r\nnot price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that\r\nyou have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge\r\nfor this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get\r\nit if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of\r\nit in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do\r\nthese things.\r\n\r\n To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid\r\ndistributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these\r\nrights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for\r\nyou if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.\r\n\r\n For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis\r\nor for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave\r\nyou. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source\r\ncode. If you link other code with the library, you must provide\r\ncomplete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them\r\nwith the library after making changes to the library and recompiling\r\nit. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.\r\n\r\n We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the\r\nlibrary, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal\r\npermission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.\r\n\r\n To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that\r\nthere is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is\r\nmodified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know\r\nthat what they have is not the original version, so that the original\r\nauthor's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be\r\nintroduced by others.\r\n\f\r\n Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of\r\nany free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot\r\neffectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a\r\nrestrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that\r\nany patent license obtained for a version of the library must be\r\nconsistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license.\r\n\r\n Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser\r\nGeneral Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and\r\nis quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use\r\nthis license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those\r\nlibraries into non-free programs.\r\n\r\n When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using\r\na shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a\r\ncombined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary\r\nGeneral Public License therefore permits such linking only if the\r\nentire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General\r\nPublic License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with\r\nthe library.\r\n\r\n We call this license the \"Lesser\" General Public License because it\r\ndoes Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General\r\nPublic License. It also provides other free software developers Less\r\nof an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages\r\nare the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many\r\nlibraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain\r\nspecial circumstances.\r\n\r\n For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to\r\nencourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes\r\na de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be\r\nallowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free\r\nlibrary does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this\r\ncase, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free\r\nsoftware only, so we use the Lesser General Public License.\r\n\r\n In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free\r\nprograms enables a greater number of people to use a large body of\r\nfree software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in\r\nnon-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU\r\noperating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating\r\nsystem.\r\n\r\n Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the\r\nusers' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is\r\nlinked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run\r\nthat program using a modified version of the Library.\r\n\r\n The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and\r\nmodification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a\r\n\"work based on the library\" and a \"work that uses the library\". The\r\nformer contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must\r\nbe combined with the library in order to run.\r\n\f\r\n GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION\r\n\r\n 0. This License Agreement applies to any software library or other\r\nprogram which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or\r\nother authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of\r\nthis Lesser General Public License (also called \"this License\").\r\nEach licensee is addressed as \"you\".\r\n\r\n A \"library\" means a collection of software functions and/or data\r\nprepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs\r\n(which use some of those functions and data) to form executables.\r\n\r\n The \"Library\", below, refers to any such software library or work\r\nwhich has been distributed under these terms. A \"work based on the\r\nLibrary\" means either the Library or any derivative work under\r\ncopyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a\r\nportion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated\r\nstraightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is\r\nincluded without limitation in the term \"modification\".)\r\n\r\n \"Source code\" for a work means the preferred form of the work for\r\nmaking modifications to it. For a library, complete source code means\r\nall the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated\r\ninterface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation\r\nand installation of the library.\r\n\r\n Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not\r\ncovered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of\r\nrunning a program using the Library is not restricted, and output from\r\nsuch a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based\r\non the Library (independent of the use of the Library in a tool for\r\nwriting it). Whether that is true depends on what the Library does\r\nand what the program that uses the Library does.\r\n\r\n 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's\r\ncomplete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that\r\nyou conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an\r\nappropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact\r\nall the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any\r\nwarranty; and distribute a copy of this License along with the\r\nLibrary.\r\n\r\n You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,\r\nand you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a\r\nfee.\r\n\f\r\n 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion\r\nof it, thus forming a work based on the Library, and copy and\r\ndistribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1\r\nabove, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:\r\n\r\n a) The modified work must itself be a software library.\r\n\r\n b) You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices\r\n stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.\r\n\r\n c) You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no\r\n charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.\r\n\r\n d) If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a\r\n table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses\r\n the facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility\r\n is invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that,\r\n in the event an application does not supply such function or\r\n table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of\r\n its purpose remains meaningful.\r\n\r\n (For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has\r\n a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the\r\n application. Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any\r\n application-supplied function or table used by this function must\r\n be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square\r\n root function must still compute square roots.)\r\n\r\nThese requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If\r\nidentifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library,\r\nand can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in\r\nthemselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those\r\nsections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you\r\ndistribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based\r\non the Library, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of\r\nthis License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the\r\nentire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote\r\nit.\r\n\r\nThus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest\r\nyour rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to\r\nexercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or\r\ncollective works based on the Library.\r\n\r\nIn addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library\r\nwith the Library (or with a work based on the Library) on a volume of\r\na storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under\r\nthe scope of this License.\r\n\r\n 3. You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public\r\nLicense instead of this License to a given copy of the Library. To do\r\nthis, you must alter all the notices that refer to this License, so\r\nthat they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License, version 2,\r\ninstead of to this License. (If a newer version than version 2 of the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License has appeared, then you can specify\r\nthat version instead if you wish.) Do not make any other change in\r\nthese notices.\r\n\f\r\n Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for\r\nthat copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all\r\nsubsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy.\r\n\r\n This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of\r\nthe Library into a program that is not a library.\r\n\r\n 4. You may copy and distribute the Library (or a portion or\r\nderivative of it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form\r\nunder the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany\r\nit with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which\r\nmust be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a\r\nmedium customarily used for software interchange.\r\n\r\n If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy\r\nfrom a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the\r\nsource code from the same place satisfies the requirement to\r\ndistribute the source code, even though third parties are not\r\ncompelled to copy the source along with the object code.\r\n\r\n 5. A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the\r\nLibrary, but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled or\r\nlinked with it, is called a \"work that uses the Library\". Such a\r\nwork, in isolation, is not a derivative work of the Library, and\r\ntherefore falls outside the scope of this License.\r\n\r\n However, linking a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library\r\ncreates an executable that is a derivative of the Library (because it\r\ncontains portions of the Library), rather than a \"work that uses the\r\nlibrary\". The executable is therefore covered by this License.\r\nSection 6 states terms for distribution of such executables.\r\n\r\n When a \"work that uses the Library\" uses material from a header file\r\nthat is part of the Library, the object code for the work may be a\r\nderivative work of the Library even though the source code is not.\r\nWhether this is true is especially significant if the work can be\r\nlinked without the Library, or if the work is itself a library. The\r\nthreshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law.\r\n\r\n If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data\r\nstructure layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline\r\nfunctions (ten lines or less in length), then the use of the object\r\nfile is unrestricted, regardless of whether it is legally a derivative\r\nwork. (Executables containing this object code plus portions of the\r\nLibrary will still fall under Section 6.)\r\n\r\n Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the Library, you may\r\ndistribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6.\r\nAny executables containing that work also fall under Section 6,\r\nwhether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself.\r\n\f\r\n 6. As an exception to the Sections above, you may also combine or\r\nlink a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library to produce a\r\nwork containing portions of the Library, and distribute that work\r\nunder terms of your choice, provided that the terms permit\r\nmodification of the work for the customer's own use and reverse\r\nengineering for debugging such modifications.\r\n\r\n You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the\r\nLibrary is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by\r\nthis License. You must supply a copy of this License. If the work\r\nduring execution displays copyright notices, you must include the\r\ncopyright notice for the Library among them, as well as a reference\r\ndirecting the user to the copy of this License. Also, you must do one\r\nof these things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the work with the complete corresponding\r\n machine-readable source code for the Library including whatever\r\n changes were used in the work (which must be distributed under\r\n Sections 1 and 2 above); and, if the work is an executable linked\r\n with the Library, with the complete machine-readable \"work that\r\n uses the Library\", as object code and/or source code, so that the\r\n user can modify the Library and then relink to produce a modified\r\n executable containing the modified Library. (It is understood\r\n that the user who changes the contents of definitions files in the\r\n Library will not necessarily be able to recompile the application\r\n to use the modified definitions.)\r\n\r\n b) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the\r\n Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (1) uses at run time a\r\n copy of the library already present on the user's computer system,\r\n rather than copying library functions into the executable, and (2)\r\n will operate properly with a modified version of the library, if\r\n the user installs one, as long as the modified version is\r\n interface-compatible with the version that the work was made with.\r\n\r\n c) Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at\r\n least three years, to give the same user the materials\r\n specified in Subsection 6a, above, for a charge no more\r\n than the cost of performing this distribution.\r\n\r\n d) If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy\r\n from a designated place, offer equivalent access to copy the above\r\n specified materials from the same place.\r\n\r\n e) Verify that the user has already received a copy of these\r\n materials or that you have already sent this user a copy.\r\n\r\n For an executable, the required form of the \"work that uses the\r\nLibrary\" must include any data and utility programs needed for\r\nreproducing the executable from it. However, as a special exception,\r\nthe materials to be distributed need not include anything that is\r\nnormally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major\r\ncomponents (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on\r\nwhich the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies\r\nthe executable.\r\n\r\n It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license\r\nrestrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally\r\naccompany the operating system. Such a contradiction means you cannot\r\nuse both them and the Library together in an executable that you\r\ndistribute.\r\n\f\r\n 7. You may place library facilities that are a work based on the\r\nLibrary side-by-side in a single library together with other library\r\nfacilities not covered by this License, and distribute such a combined\r\nlibrary, provided that the separate distribution of the work based on\r\nthe Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise\r\npermitted, and provided that you do these two things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work\r\n based on the Library, uncombined with any other library\r\n facilities. This must be distributed under the terms of the\r\n Sections above.\r\n\r\n b) Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact\r\n that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining\r\n where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.\r\n\r\n 8. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute\r\nthe Library except as expressly provided under this License. Any\r\nattempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or\r\ndistribute the Library is void, and will automatically terminate your\r\nrights under this License. However, parties who have received copies,\r\nor rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses\r\nterminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.\r\n\r\n 9. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not\r\nsigned it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or\r\ndistribute the Library or its derivative works. These actions are\r\nprohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by\r\nmodifying or distributing the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and\r\nall its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying\r\nthe Library or works based on it.\r\n\r\n 10. Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), the recipient automatically receives a license from the\r\noriginal licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the Library\r\nsubject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further\r\nrestrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.\r\nYou are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with\r\nthis License.\r\n\f\r\n 11. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent\r\ninfringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),\r\nconditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or\r\notherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not\r\nexcuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot\r\ndistribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this\r\nLicense and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you\r\nmay not distribute the Library at all. For example, if a patent\r\nlicense would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Library by\r\nall those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then\r\nthe only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to\r\nrefrain entirely from distribution of the Library.\r\n\r\nIf any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any\r\nparticular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply,\r\nand the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.\r\n\r\nIt is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any\r\npatents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any\r\nsuch claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the\r\nintegrity of the free software distribution system which is\r\nimplemented by public license practices. Many people have made\r\ngenerous contributions to the wide range of software distributed\r\nthrough that system in reliance on consistent application of that\r\nsystem; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing\r\nto distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot\r\nimpose that choice.\r\n\r\nThis section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to\r\nbe a consequence of the rest of this License.\r\n\r\n 12. If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in\r\ncertain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the\r\noriginal copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add\r\nan explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries,\r\nso that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus\r\nexcluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if\r\nwritten in the body of this License.\r\n\r\n 13. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new\r\nversions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time.\r\nSuch new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version,\r\nbut may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.\r\n\r\nEach version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library\r\nspecifies a version number of this License which applies to it and\r\n\"any later version\", you have the option of following the terms and\r\nconditions either of that version or of any later version published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation. If the Library does not specify a\r\nlicense version number, you may choose any version ever published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation.\r\n\f\r\n 14. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free\r\nprograms whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these,\r\nwrite to the author to ask for permission. For software which is\r\ncopyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free\r\nSoftware Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our\r\ndecision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status\r\nof all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing\r\nand reuse of software generally.\r\n\r\n NO WARRANTY\r\n\r\n 15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO\r\nWARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.\r\nEXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR\r\nOTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY \"AS IS\" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY\r\nKIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\r\nIMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR\r\nPURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE\r\nLIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME\r\nTHE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.\r\n\r\n 16. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN\r\nWRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY\r\nAND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU\r\nFOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR\r\nCONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE\r\nLIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING\r\nRENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A\r\nFAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF\r\nSUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH\r\nDAMAGES.\r\n\r\n END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS\r\n\r\n How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries\r\n\r\n If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest\r\npossible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that\r\neveryone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting\r\nredistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the\r\nordinary General Public License).\r\n\r\n To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is\r\nsafest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively\r\nconvey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the\r\n\"copyright\" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.\r\n\r\n <one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.>\r\n Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>\r\n\r\n This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\r\n modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either\r\n version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.\r\n\r\n This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\r\n but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\r\n MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "air quality" }, { "word": "citizen science" }, { "word": "monitoring" }, { "word": "nitrogen dioxide" }, { "word": "passive samplers" }, { "word": "public exposure" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-08-17T21:03:03+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-18T18:11:20+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-18T18:11:20+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/bryje", "authors": [ { "pk": 3671, "first_name": "Filip", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Meysman", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5423, "first_name": "Sam", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "De Craemer", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7458, "first_name": "Wouter", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lefebvre", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5845, "first_name": "Jordy", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Vercauteren", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9562, "first_name": "Vincent", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sluydts", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10236, "first_name": "Evi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Dons", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10709, "first_name": "Hans", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hooyberghs", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11031, "first_name": "Joris", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Van den Bossche", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11273, "first_name": "Elke", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Trimpeneers", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7195, "first_name": "Frans", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Fierens", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Environmental Monitoring" }, { "name": "Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "CNVL artikel v09 Preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/19/download/39/" }, { "original_filename": "CNVL artikel v09.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/19/download/40/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/bf6sy", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 20, "title": "Evolution of normal fault displacement and length as the continental lithosphere stretches", "abstract": "Continental rifting is accommodated by the development of normal fault arrays. Fault growth patterns control their related seismic hazards, as well as influencing the tectonostratigraphic evolution, resource extraction and CO2 storage potential of rifts. Our understanding of fault evolution is largely derived by observing the final geometry and displacement (D)-length (L) characteristics of active and inactive fault systems, and by making subsequent inferences on their kinematics. We rarely consider how these properties change through time, and how the growth of individual fault systems relates to the temporal evolution of their host arrays. Here we use 3D seismic reflection and borehole data from the Exmouth Plateau, NW Shelf, Australia to determine the growth of rift-related, crustal-scale fault systems and arrays over geological timescales (10^6 Ma). The excellent-quality seismic data allows us to reconstruct the entire Jurassic-to-Early Cretaceous fault array over a large area (~1200 km2). We find that fault trace lengths were established early, within the first ~7.2 Myr (8%) of rifting, and that along-strike migration of throw maxima towards the centre of individual fault systems occurred after ~28.5 Myr (33%) of rifting. We propose that D and L may scale linearly, but increase via alternating phases of fault lengthening and displacement accumulation. Growth trajectories produce inflections in D-L space, reflecting times when fault lengths and/or displacement saturate a given rock volume, possibly controlled by crustal thickness. At the array-scale, faults located in stress shadows become inactive and appear under-displaced relative to adjacent larger faults, onto which strain localises as rifting proceeds. This implies that the scatter frequently observed in D-L plots can simply reflect fault growth and array maturity. We show that by studying complete rift-related normal arrays rather than individual faults, we can better understand how faults grow and more generally how continental lithosphere deforms as it stretches.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public\r\nLicenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change\r\nfree software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.\r\n\r\n This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some\r\nspecially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the\r\nFree Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You\r\ncan use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether\r\nthis license or the ordinary General Public License is the better\r\nstrategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.\r\n\r\n When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,\r\nnot price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that\r\nyou have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge\r\nfor this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get\r\nit if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of\r\nit in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do\r\nthese things.\r\n\r\n To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid\r\ndistributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these\r\nrights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for\r\nyou if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.\r\n\r\n For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis\r\nor for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave\r\nyou. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source\r\ncode. If you link other code with the library, you must provide\r\ncomplete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them\r\nwith the library after making changes to the library and recompiling\r\nit. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.\r\n\r\n We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the\r\nlibrary, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal\r\npermission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.\r\n\r\n To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that\r\nthere is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is\r\nmodified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know\r\nthat what they have is not the original version, so that the original\r\nauthor's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be\r\nintroduced by others.\r\n\f\r\n Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of\r\nany free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot\r\neffectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a\r\nrestrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that\r\nany patent license obtained for a version of the library must be\r\nconsistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license.\r\n\r\n Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser\r\nGeneral Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and\r\nis quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use\r\nthis license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those\r\nlibraries into non-free programs.\r\n\r\n When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using\r\na shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a\r\ncombined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary\r\nGeneral Public License therefore permits such linking only if the\r\nentire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General\r\nPublic License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with\r\nthe library.\r\n\r\n We call this license the \"Lesser\" General Public License because it\r\ndoes Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General\r\nPublic License. It also provides other free software developers Less\r\nof an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages\r\nare the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many\r\nlibraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain\r\nspecial circumstances.\r\n\r\n For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to\r\nencourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes\r\na de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be\r\nallowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free\r\nlibrary does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this\r\ncase, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free\r\nsoftware only, so we use the Lesser General Public License.\r\n\r\n In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free\r\nprograms enables a greater number of people to use a large body of\r\nfree software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in\r\nnon-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU\r\noperating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating\r\nsystem.\r\n\r\n Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the\r\nusers' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is\r\nlinked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run\r\nthat program using a modified version of the Library.\r\n\r\n The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and\r\nmodification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a\r\n\"work based on the library\" and a \"work that uses the library\". The\r\nformer contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must\r\nbe combined with the library in order to run.\r\n\f\r\n GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION\r\n\r\n 0. This License Agreement applies to any software library or other\r\nprogram which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or\r\nother authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of\r\nthis Lesser General Public License (also called \"this License\").\r\nEach licensee is addressed as \"you\".\r\n\r\n A \"library\" means a collection of software functions and/or data\r\nprepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs\r\n(which use some of those functions and data) to form executables.\r\n\r\n The \"Library\", below, refers to any such software library or work\r\nwhich has been distributed under these terms. A \"work based on the\r\nLibrary\" means either the Library or any derivative work under\r\ncopyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a\r\nportion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated\r\nstraightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is\r\nincluded without limitation in the term \"modification\".)\r\n\r\n \"Source code\" for a work means the preferred form of the work for\r\nmaking modifications to it. For a library, complete source code means\r\nall the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated\r\ninterface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation\r\nand installation of the library.\r\n\r\n Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not\r\ncovered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of\r\nrunning a program using the Library is not restricted, and output from\r\nsuch a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based\r\non the Library (independent of the use of the Library in a tool for\r\nwriting it). Whether that is true depends on what the Library does\r\nand what the program that uses the Library does.\r\n\r\n 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's\r\ncomplete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that\r\nyou conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an\r\nappropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact\r\nall the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any\r\nwarranty; and distribute a copy of this License along with the\r\nLibrary.\r\n\r\n You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,\r\nand you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a\r\nfee.\r\n\f\r\n 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion\r\nof it, thus forming a work based on the Library, and copy and\r\ndistribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1\r\nabove, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:\r\n\r\n a) The modified work must itself be a software library.\r\n\r\n b) You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices\r\n stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.\r\n\r\n c) You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no\r\n charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.\r\n\r\n d) If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a\r\n table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses\r\n the facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility\r\n is invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that,\r\n in the event an application does not supply such function or\r\n table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of\r\n its purpose remains meaningful.\r\n\r\n (For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has\r\n a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the\r\n application. Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any\r\n application-supplied function or table used by this function must\r\n be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square\r\n root function must still compute square roots.)\r\n\r\nThese requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If\r\nidentifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library,\r\nand can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in\r\nthemselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those\r\nsections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you\r\ndistribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based\r\non the Library, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of\r\nthis License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the\r\nentire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote\r\nit.\r\n\r\nThus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest\r\nyour rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to\r\nexercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or\r\ncollective works based on the Library.\r\n\r\nIn addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library\r\nwith the Library (or with a work based on the Library) on a volume of\r\na storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under\r\nthe scope of this License.\r\n\r\n 3. You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public\r\nLicense instead of this License to a given copy of the Library. To do\r\nthis, you must alter all the notices that refer to this License, so\r\nthat they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License, version 2,\r\ninstead of to this License. (If a newer version than version 2 of the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License has appeared, then you can specify\r\nthat version instead if you wish.) Do not make any other change in\r\nthese notices.\r\n\f\r\n Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for\r\nthat copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all\r\nsubsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy.\r\n\r\n This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of\r\nthe Library into a program that is not a library.\r\n\r\n 4. You may copy and distribute the Library (or a portion or\r\nderivative of it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form\r\nunder the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany\r\nit with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which\r\nmust be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a\r\nmedium customarily used for software interchange.\r\n\r\n If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy\r\nfrom a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the\r\nsource code from the same place satisfies the requirement to\r\ndistribute the source code, even though third parties are not\r\ncompelled to copy the source along with the object code.\r\n\r\n 5. A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the\r\nLibrary, but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled or\r\nlinked with it, is called a \"work that uses the Library\". Such a\r\nwork, in isolation, is not a derivative work of the Library, and\r\ntherefore falls outside the scope of this License.\r\n\r\n However, linking a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library\r\ncreates an executable that is a derivative of the Library (because it\r\ncontains portions of the Library), rather than a \"work that uses the\r\nlibrary\". The executable is therefore covered by this License.\r\nSection 6 states terms for distribution of such executables.\r\n\r\n When a \"work that uses the Library\" uses material from a header file\r\nthat is part of the Library, the object code for the work may be a\r\nderivative work of the Library even though the source code is not.\r\nWhether this is true is especially significant if the work can be\r\nlinked without the Library, or if the work is itself a library. The\r\nthreshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law.\r\n\r\n If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data\r\nstructure layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline\r\nfunctions (ten lines or less in length), then the use of the object\r\nfile is unrestricted, regardless of whether it is legally a derivative\r\nwork. (Executables containing this object code plus portions of the\r\nLibrary will still fall under Section 6.)\r\n\r\n Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the Library, you may\r\ndistribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6.\r\nAny executables containing that work also fall under Section 6,\r\nwhether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself.\r\n\f\r\n 6. As an exception to the Sections above, you may also combine or\r\nlink a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library to produce a\r\nwork containing portions of the Library, and distribute that work\r\nunder terms of your choice, provided that the terms permit\r\nmodification of the work for the customer's own use and reverse\r\nengineering for debugging such modifications.\r\n\r\n You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the\r\nLibrary is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by\r\nthis License. You must supply a copy of this License. If the work\r\nduring execution displays copyright notices, you must include the\r\ncopyright notice for the Library among them, as well as a reference\r\ndirecting the user to the copy of this License. Also, you must do one\r\nof these things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the work with the complete corresponding\r\n machine-readable source code for the Library including whatever\r\n changes were used in the work (which must be distributed under\r\n Sections 1 and 2 above); and, if the work is an executable linked\r\n with the Library, with the complete machine-readable \"work that\r\n uses the Library\", as object code and/or source code, so that the\r\n user can modify the Library and then relink to produce a modified\r\n executable containing the modified Library. (It is understood\r\n that the user who changes the contents of definitions files in the\r\n Library will not necessarily be able to recompile the application\r\n to use the modified definitions.)\r\n\r\n b) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the\r\n Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (1) uses at run time a\r\n copy of the library already present on the user's computer system,\r\n rather than copying library functions into the executable, and (2)\r\n will operate properly with a modified version of the library, if\r\n the user installs one, as long as the modified version is\r\n interface-compatible with the version that the work was made with.\r\n\r\n c) Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at\r\n least three years, to give the same user the materials\r\n specified in Subsection 6a, above, for a charge no more\r\n than the cost of performing this distribution.\r\n\r\n d) If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy\r\n from a designated place, offer equivalent access to copy the above\r\n specified materials from the same place.\r\n\r\n e) Verify that the user has already received a copy of these\r\n materials or that you have already sent this user a copy.\r\n\r\n For an executable, the required form of the \"work that uses the\r\nLibrary\" must include any data and utility programs needed for\r\nreproducing the executable from it. However, as a special exception,\r\nthe materials to be distributed need not include anything that is\r\nnormally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major\r\ncomponents (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on\r\nwhich the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies\r\nthe executable.\r\n\r\n It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license\r\nrestrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally\r\naccompany the operating system. Such a contradiction means you cannot\r\nuse both them and the Library together in an executable that you\r\ndistribute.\r\n\f\r\n 7. You may place library facilities that are a work based on the\r\nLibrary side-by-side in a single library together with other library\r\nfacilities not covered by this License, and distribute such a combined\r\nlibrary, provided that the separate distribution of the work based on\r\nthe Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise\r\npermitted, and provided that you do these two things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work\r\n based on the Library, uncombined with any other library\r\n facilities. This must be distributed under the terms of the\r\n Sections above.\r\n\r\n b) Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact\r\n that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining\r\n where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.\r\n\r\n 8. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute\r\nthe Library except as expressly provided under this License. Any\r\nattempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or\r\ndistribute the Library is void, and will automatically terminate your\r\nrights under this License. However, parties who have received copies,\r\nor rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses\r\nterminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.\r\n\r\n 9. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not\r\nsigned it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or\r\ndistribute the Library or its derivative works. These actions are\r\nprohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by\r\nmodifying or distributing the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and\r\nall its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying\r\nthe Library or works based on it.\r\n\r\n 10. Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), the recipient automatically receives a license from the\r\noriginal licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the Library\r\nsubject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further\r\nrestrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.\r\nYou are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with\r\nthis License.\r\n\f\r\n 11. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent\r\ninfringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),\r\nconditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or\r\notherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not\r\nexcuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot\r\ndistribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this\r\nLicense and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you\r\nmay not distribute the Library at all. For example, if a patent\r\nlicense would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Library by\r\nall those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then\r\nthe only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to\r\nrefrain entirely from distribution of the Library.\r\n\r\nIf any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any\r\nparticular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply,\r\nand the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.\r\n\r\nIt is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any\r\npatents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any\r\nsuch claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the\r\nintegrity of the free software distribution system which is\r\nimplemented by public license practices. Many people have made\r\ngenerous contributions to the wide range of software distributed\r\nthrough that system in reliance on consistent application of that\r\nsystem; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing\r\nto distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot\r\nimpose that choice.\r\n\r\nThis section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to\r\nbe a consequence of the rest of this License.\r\n\r\n 12. If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in\r\ncertain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the\r\noriginal copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add\r\nan explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries,\r\nso that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus\r\nexcluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if\r\nwritten in the body of this License.\r\n\r\n 13. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new\r\nversions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time.\r\nSuch new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version,\r\nbut may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.\r\n\r\nEach version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library\r\nspecifies a version number of this License which applies to it and\r\n\"any later version\", you have the option of following the terms and\r\nconditions either of that version or of any later version published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation. If the Library does not specify a\r\nlicense version number, you may choose any version ever published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation.\r\n\f\r\n 14. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free\r\nprograms whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these,\r\nwrite to the author to ask for permission. For software which is\r\ncopyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free\r\nSoftware Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our\r\ndecision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status\r\nof all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing\r\nand reuse of software generally.\r\n\r\n NO WARRANTY\r\n\r\n 15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO\r\nWARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.\r\nEXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR\r\nOTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY \"AS IS\" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY\r\nKIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\r\nIMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR\r\nPURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE\r\nLIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME\r\nTHE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.\r\n\r\n 16. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN\r\nWRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY\r\nAND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU\r\nFOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR\r\nCONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE\r\nLIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING\r\nRENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A\r\nFAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF\r\nSUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH\r\nDAMAGES.\r\n\r\n END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS\r\n\r\n How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries\r\n\r\n If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest\r\npossible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that\r\neveryone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting\r\nredistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the\r\nordinary General Public License).\r\n\r\n To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is\r\nsafest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively\r\nconvey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the\r\n\"copyright\" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.\r\n\r\n <one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.>\r\n Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>\r\n\r\n This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\r\n modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either\r\n version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.\r\n\r\n This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\r\n but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\r\n MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [], "date_submitted": "2020-08-17T12:36:10+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-17T13:11:07+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-17T13:11:07+02:00", "doi": "http://doi.org/10.1111/bre.12613", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/OSF.IO/H7CJD", "authors": [ { "pk": 3974, "first_name": "Sophie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pan", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0002-9621-8439" }, { "pk": 6012, "first_name": "Rebecca", "middle_name": "E.", "last_name": "Bell", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 1573, "first_name": "Christopher", "middle_name": "Aiden-Lee", "last_name": "Jackson", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": "0000-0002-8592-9032" }, { "pk": 6127, "first_name": "John", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Naliboff", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Life Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Pan et al.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/20/download/41/" }, { "original_filename": "Pan et al revised as clean copy.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/20/download/4369/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://nopims.dmp.wa.gov.au/nopims", "label": "Public data" } ] }, { "pk": 21, "title": "Resolving the Kinematics and Moment Release of Early Afterslip within the First Hours following the 2016 Mw 7.1 Kumamoto Earthquake: Implications for the Shallow Slip Deficit and Frictional Behavior of Aseismic Creep", "abstract": "Continuous measurements of postseismic surface deformation provide insight into variations of the frictional strength of faults and the rheology of the lower crust and upper mantle as stresses following rupture are dissipated. However, due to the difficulty of capturing the earliest phase of afterslip, most analyses have focused on understanding postseismic processes over timescales of weeks-to-years. Here we investigate the kinematics, moment release and frictional properties of the earliest phase of afterslip within the first hours following the 2016 Mw 7.1 Kumamoto earthquake using a network of five-minute sampled continuous GPS stations. Using independent component analysis to filter the GPS data we find that (1) early afterslip contributes only ~1% of total moment release within the first hour, and 8% after 24 hours. This suggests that the slip model of the mainshock, which we estimate using standard geodetic datasets (e.g., InSAR, GPS and pixel offsets), and which span the first four days of the postseismic period, is largely reflective of the dynamic rupture process and we can rule out contamination of moment release by early afterslip. (2) Early afterslip shows no evidence of a delayed nucleation or acceleration phase, where instead fault patches transition to immediate deceleration following rupture that is consistent with frictional relaxation under steady-state conditions with dependence only on the sliding velocity. (3) There is a close correlation between the near-field aftershocks and afterslip within the first hours following rupture, suggesting afterslip may still be an important possible triggering mechanism during the earliest postseismic period.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public\r\nLicenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change\r\nfree software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.\r\n\r\n This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some\r\nspecially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the\r\nFree Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You\r\ncan use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether\r\nthis license or the ordinary General Public License is the better\r\nstrategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.\r\n\r\n When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,\r\nnot price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that\r\nyou have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge\r\nfor this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get\r\nit if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of\r\nit in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do\r\nthese things.\r\n\r\n To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid\r\ndistributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these\r\nrights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for\r\nyou if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.\r\n\r\n For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis\r\nor for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave\r\nyou. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source\r\ncode. If you link other code with the library, you must provide\r\ncomplete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them\r\nwith the library after making changes to the library and recompiling\r\nit. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.\r\n\r\n We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the\r\nlibrary, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal\r\npermission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.\r\n\r\n To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that\r\nthere is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is\r\nmodified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know\r\nthat what they have is not the original version, so that the original\r\nauthor's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be\r\nintroduced by others.\r\n\f\r\n Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of\r\nany free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot\r\neffectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a\r\nrestrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that\r\nany patent license obtained for a version of the library must be\r\nconsistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license.\r\n\r\n Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser\r\nGeneral Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and\r\nis quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use\r\nthis license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those\r\nlibraries into non-free programs.\r\n\r\n When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using\r\na shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a\r\ncombined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary\r\nGeneral Public License therefore permits such linking only if the\r\nentire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General\r\nPublic License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with\r\nthe library.\r\n\r\n We call this license the \"Lesser\" General Public License because it\r\ndoes Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General\r\nPublic License. It also provides other free software developers Less\r\nof an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages\r\nare the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many\r\nlibraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain\r\nspecial circumstances.\r\n\r\n For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to\r\nencourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes\r\na de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be\r\nallowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free\r\nlibrary does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this\r\ncase, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free\r\nsoftware only, so we use the Lesser General Public License.\r\n\r\n In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free\r\nprograms enables a greater number of people to use a large body of\r\nfree software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in\r\nnon-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU\r\noperating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating\r\nsystem.\r\n\r\n Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the\r\nusers' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is\r\nlinked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run\r\nthat program using a modified version of the Library.\r\n\r\n The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and\r\nmodification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a\r\n\"work based on the library\" and a \"work that uses the library\". The\r\nformer contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must\r\nbe combined with the library in order to run.\r\n\f\r\n GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION\r\n\r\n 0. This License Agreement applies to any software library or other\r\nprogram which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or\r\nother authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of\r\nthis Lesser General Public License (also called \"this License\").\r\nEach licensee is addressed as \"you\".\r\n\r\n A \"library\" means a collection of software functions and/or data\r\nprepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs\r\n(which use some of those functions and data) to form executables.\r\n\r\n The \"Library\", below, refers to any such software library or work\r\nwhich has been distributed under these terms. A \"work based on the\r\nLibrary\" means either the Library or any derivative work under\r\ncopyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a\r\nportion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated\r\nstraightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is\r\nincluded without limitation in the term \"modification\".)\r\n\r\n \"Source code\" for a work means the preferred form of the work for\r\nmaking modifications to it. For a library, complete source code means\r\nall the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated\r\ninterface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation\r\nand installation of the library.\r\n\r\n Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not\r\ncovered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of\r\nrunning a program using the Library is not restricted, and output from\r\nsuch a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based\r\non the Library (independent of the use of the Library in a tool for\r\nwriting it). Whether that is true depends on what the Library does\r\nand what the program that uses the Library does.\r\n\r\n 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's\r\ncomplete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that\r\nyou conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an\r\nappropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact\r\nall the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any\r\nwarranty; and distribute a copy of this License along with the\r\nLibrary.\r\n\r\n You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,\r\nand you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a\r\nfee.\r\n\f\r\n 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion\r\nof it, thus forming a work based on the Library, and copy and\r\ndistribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1\r\nabove, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:\r\n\r\n a) The modified work must itself be a software library.\r\n\r\n b) You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices\r\n stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.\r\n\r\n c) You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no\r\n charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.\r\n\r\n d) If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a\r\n table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses\r\n the facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility\r\n is invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that,\r\n in the event an application does not supply such function or\r\n table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of\r\n its purpose remains meaningful.\r\n\r\n (For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has\r\n a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the\r\n application. Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any\r\n application-supplied function or table used by this function must\r\n be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square\r\n root function must still compute square roots.)\r\n\r\nThese requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If\r\nidentifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library,\r\nand can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in\r\nthemselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those\r\nsections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you\r\ndistribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based\r\non the Library, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of\r\nthis License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the\r\nentire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote\r\nit.\r\n\r\nThus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest\r\nyour rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to\r\nexercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or\r\ncollective works based on the Library.\r\n\r\nIn addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library\r\nwith the Library (or with a work based on the Library) on a volume of\r\na storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under\r\nthe scope of this License.\r\n\r\n 3. You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public\r\nLicense instead of this License to a given copy of the Library. To do\r\nthis, you must alter all the notices that refer to this License, so\r\nthat they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License, version 2,\r\ninstead of to this License. (If a newer version than version 2 of the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License has appeared, then you can specify\r\nthat version instead if you wish.) Do not make any other change in\r\nthese notices.\r\n\f\r\n Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for\r\nthat copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all\r\nsubsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy.\r\n\r\n This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of\r\nthe Library into a program that is not a library.\r\n\r\n 4. You may copy and distribute the Library (or a portion or\r\nderivative of it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form\r\nunder the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany\r\nit with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which\r\nmust be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a\r\nmedium customarily used for software interchange.\r\n\r\n If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy\r\nfrom a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the\r\nsource code from the same place satisfies the requirement to\r\ndistribute the source code, even though third parties are not\r\ncompelled to copy the source along with the object code.\r\n\r\n 5. A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the\r\nLibrary, but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled or\r\nlinked with it, is called a \"work that uses the Library\". Such a\r\nwork, in isolation, is not a derivative work of the Library, and\r\ntherefore falls outside the scope of this License.\r\n\r\n However, linking a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library\r\ncreates an executable that is a derivative of the Library (because it\r\ncontains portions of the Library), rather than a \"work that uses the\r\nlibrary\". The executable is therefore covered by this License.\r\nSection 6 states terms for distribution of such executables.\r\n\r\n When a \"work that uses the Library\" uses material from a header file\r\nthat is part of the Library, the object code for the work may be a\r\nderivative work of the Library even though the source code is not.\r\nWhether this is true is especially significant if the work can be\r\nlinked without the Library, or if the work is itself a library. The\r\nthreshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law.\r\n\r\n If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data\r\nstructure layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline\r\nfunctions (ten lines or less in length), then the use of the object\r\nfile is unrestricted, regardless of whether it is legally a derivative\r\nwork. (Executables containing this object code plus portions of the\r\nLibrary will still fall under Section 6.)\r\n\r\n Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the Library, you may\r\ndistribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6.\r\nAny executables containing that work also fall under Section 6,\r\nwhether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself.\r\n\f\r\n 6. As an exception to the Sections above, you may also combine or\r\nlink a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library to produce a\r\nwork containing portions of the Library, and distribute that work\r\nunder terms of your choice, provided that the terms permit\r\nmodification of the work for the customer's own use and reverse\r\nengineering for debugging such modifications.\r\n\r\n You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the\r\nLibrary is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by\r\nthis License. You must supply a copy of this License. If the work\r\nduring execution displays copyright notices, you must include the\r\ncopyright notice for the Library among them, as well as a reference\r\ndirecting the user to the copy of this License. Also, you must do one\r\nof these things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the work with the complete corresponding\r\n machine-readable source code for the Library including whatever\r\n changes were used in the work (which must be distributed under\r\n Sections 1 and 2 above); and, if the work is an executable linked\r\n with the Library, with the complete machine-readable \"work that\r\n uses the Library\", as object code and/or source code, so that the\r\n user can modify the Library and then relink to produce a modified\r\n executable containing the modified Library. (It is understood\r\n that the user who changes the contents of definitions files in the\r\n Library will not necessarily be able to recompile the application\r\n to use the modified definitions.)\r\n\r\n b) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the\r\n Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (1) uses at run time a\r\n copy of the library already present on the user's computer system,\r\n rather than copying library functions into the executable, and (2)\r\n will operate properly with a modified version of the library, if\r\n the user installs one, as long as the modified version is\r\n interface-compatible with the version that the work was made with.\r\n\r\n c) Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at\r\n least three years, to give the same user the materials\r\n specified in Subsection 6a, above, for a charge no more\r\n than the cost of performing this distribution.\r\n\r\n d) If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy\r\n from a designated place, offer equivalent access to copy the above\r\n specified materials from the same place.\r\n\r\n e) Verify that the user has already received a copy of these\r\n materials or that you have already sent this user a copy.\r\n\r\n For an executable, the required form of the \"work that uses the\r\nLibrary\" must include any data and utility programs needed for\r\nreproducing the executable from it. However, as a special exception,\r\nthe materials to be distributed need not include anything that is\r\nnormally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major\r\ncomponents (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on\r\nwhich the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies\r\nthe executable.\r\n\r\n It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license\r\nrestrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally\r\naccompany the operating system. Such a contradiction means you cannot\r\nuse both them and the Library together in an executable that you\r\ndistribute.\r\n\f\r\n 7. You may place library facilities that are a work based on the\r\nLibrary side-by-side in a single library together with other library\r\nfacilities not covered by this License, and distribute such a combined\r\nlibrary, provided that the separate distribution of the work based on\r\nthe Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise\r\npermitted, and provided that you do these two things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work\r\n based on the Library, uncombined with any other library\r\n facilities. This must be distributed under the terms of the\r\n Sections above.\r\n\r\n b) Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact\r\n that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining\r\n where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.\r\n\r\n 8. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute\r\nthe Library except as expressly provided under this License. Any\r\nattempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or\r\ndistribute the Library is void, and will automatically terminate your\r\nrights under this License. However, parties who have received copies,\r\nor rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses\r\nterminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.\r\n\r\n 9. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not\r\nsigned it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or\r\ndistribute the Library or its derivative works. These actions are\r\nprohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by\r\nmodifying or distributing the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and\r\nall its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying\r\nthe Library or works based on it.\r\n\r\n 10. Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), the recipient automatically receives a license from the\r\noriginal licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the Library\r\nsubject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further\r\nrestrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.\r\nYou are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with\r\nthis License.\r\n\f\r\n 11. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent\r\ninfringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),\r\nconditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or\r\notherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not\r\nexcuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot\r\ndistribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this\r\nLicense and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you\r\nmay not distribute the Library at all. For example, if a patent\r\nlicense would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Library by\r\nall those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then\r\nthe only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to\r\nrefrain entirely from distribution of the Library.\r\n\r\nIf any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any\r\nparticular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply,\r\nand the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.\r\n\r\nIt is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any\r\npatents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any\r\nsuch claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the\r\nintegrity of the free software distribution system which is\r\nimplemented by public license practices. Many people have made\r\ngenerous contributions to the wide range of software distributed\r\nthrough that system in reliance on consistent application of that\r\nsystem; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing\r\nto distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot\r\nimpose that choice.\r\n\r\nThis section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to\r\nbe a consequence of the rest of this License.\r\n\r\n 12. If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in\r\ncertain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the\r\noriginal copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add\r\nan explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries,\r\nso that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus\r\nexcluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if\r\nwritten in the body of this License.\r\n\r\n 13. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new\r\nversions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time.\r\nSuch new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version,\r\nbut may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.\r\n\r\nEach version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library\r\nspecifies a version number of this License which applies to it and\r\n\"any later version\", you have the option of following the terms and\r\nconditions either of that version or of any later version published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation. If the Library does not specify a\r\nlicense version number, you may choose any version ever published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation.\r\n\f\r\n 14. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free\r\nprograms whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these,\r\nwrite to the author to ask for permission. For software which is\r\ncopyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free\r\nSoftware Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our\r\ndecision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status\r\nof all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing\r\nand reuse of software generally.\r\n\r\n NO WARRANTY\r\n\r\n 15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO\r\nWARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.\r\nEXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR\r\nOTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY \"AS IS\" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY\r\nKIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\r\nIMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR\r\nPURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE\r\nLIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME\r\nTHE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.\r\n\r\n 16. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN\r\nWRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY\r\nAND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU\r\nFOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR\r\nCONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE\r\nLIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING\r\nRENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A\r\nFAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF\r\nSUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH\r\nDAMAGES.\r\n\r\n END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS\r\n\r\n How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries\r\n\r\n If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest\r\npossible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that\r\neveryone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting\r\nredistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the\r\nordinary General Public License).\r\n\r\n To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is\r\nsafest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively\r\nconvey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the\r\n\"copyright\" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.\r\n\r\n <one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.>\r\n Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>\r\n\r\n This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\r\n modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either\r\n version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.\r\n\r\n This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\r\n but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\r\n MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "aftershocks" }, { "word": "afterslip" }, { "word": "friction" }, { "word": "Kumamoto" }, { "word": "postseismic" }, { "word": "shallow slip deficit" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-08-17T04:43:20+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-17T13:02:46+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-17T13:02:46+02:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JB018928", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/OSF.IO/EVGPJ", "authors": [ { "pk": 3621, "first_name": "Chris", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Milliner", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7853, "first_name": "Roland", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bürgmann", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7529, "first_name": "Asaf", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Inbal", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8684, "first_name": "Teng", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wang", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 40, "first_name": "Cunren", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Liang", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Milliner_et_al_2020_Kumamoto_preprint_JGR.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/21/download/42/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3522444", "label": "Public data" } ] }, { "pk": 1390, "title": "The role of upper level diffluence in the Tropical Easterly Jet in the formation of the recent strongest Atlantic hurricanes", "abstract": "In this paper we report the evidence of the potential role of diffluence in the 200hPa wind field off the coast of West Africa in the formation of a significant number of Category 4 and Category 5 hurricanes in the recent decade. It is shown that on an average of 65% cases of hurricanes at Category 4 and above is preceded by upper level diffluence in the Tropical Easterly Jet (TEJ) by 0–3 days. This TEJ is the outflow from the southern flank of the Tibetan anticyclone from the Asian monsoon region.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Atlantic hurricanes; Upper level divergence; Diffluence" } ], "date_submitted": "2018-04-08T17:14:01+02:00", "date_accepted": "2018-04-08T17:45:24+02:00", "date_published": "2018-04-08T17:45:24+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/7yafp", "authors": [ { "pk": 5613, "first_name": "T.", "middle_name": "N.", "last_name": "Krishnamurti", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 1406, "first_name": "Nirupam", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Karmakar", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 1407, "first_name": "Vasubandhu", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Misra", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9083, "first_name": "Bappaditya", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Nag", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9886, "first_name": "Dipak", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sahu", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10468, "first_name": "Sarvesh", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Dubey", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10872, "first_name": "Ziad", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Haddad", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Atmospheric Sciences" }, { "name": "Meteorology" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Diffluence_TNKetal_2018.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/1390/download/3132/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/4f8zq", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 22, "title": "Rapid finite-frequency microseismic noise source inversion at regional to global scales", "abstract": "Ambient noise cross-correlations can be used as self-consistent observables, opening novel possibilities for investigating ambient noise sources. To optimise the forward- modelling of global ambient cross-correlations for any given noise distribution of noise sources in the microseismic frequency range up to 0.2 Hz, we implement (i) pre-computed wavefields and (ii) spatially variable grids. This enables rapid inversions for microseismic noise sources based on finite-frequency source sensitivity kernels.\nWe use this advancement to perform regional and global gradient-based iterative inver- sions of the logarithmic energy ratio in the causal and acausal branches of micro-seismic noise cross-correlations. Synthetic inversions show promising results, with good recovery of the main dominant noise sources of the target model. Data inversions for several con- secutive days at the beginning of October 2019 demonstrate the capability of inverting for the spatio-temporal variations of the sources of secondary microseisms in the ocean. This paves the way for daily ambient noise source inversions which could help improve full-waveform ambient noise tomography and subsurface monitoring methods.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public\r\nLicenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change\r\nfree software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.\r\n\r\n This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some\r\nspecially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the\r\nFree Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You\r\ncan use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether\r\nthis license or the ordinary General Public License is the better\r\nstrategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.\r\n\r\n When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,\r\nnot price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that\r\nyou have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge\r\nfor this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get\r\nit if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of\r\nit in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do\r\nthese things.\r\n\r\n To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid\r\ndistributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these\r\nrights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for\r\nyou if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.\r\n\r\n For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis\r\nor for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave\r\nyou. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source\r\ncode. If you link other code with the library, you must provide\r\ncomplete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them\r\nwith the library after making changes to the library and recompiling\r\nit. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.\r\n\r\n We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the\r\nlibrary, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal\r\npermission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.\r\n\r\n To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that\r\nthere is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is\r\nmodified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know\r\nthat what they have is not the original version, so that the original\r\nauthor's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be\r\nintroduced by others.\r\n\f\r\n Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of\r\nany free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot\r\neffectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a\r\nrestrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that\r\nany patent license obtained for a version of the library must be\r\nconsistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license.\r\n\r\n Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser\r\nGeneral Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and\r\nis quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use\r\nthis license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those\r\nlibraries into non-free programs.\r\n\r\n When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using\r\na shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a\r\ncombined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary\r\nGeneral Public License therefore permits such linking only if the\r\nentire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General\r\nPublic License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with\r\nthe library.\r\n\r\n We call this license the \"Lesser\" General Public License because it\r\ndoes Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General\r\nPublic License. It also provides other free software developers Less\r\nof an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages\r\nare the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many\r\nlibraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain\r\nspecial circumstances.\r\n\r\n For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to\r\nencourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes\r\na de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be\r\nallowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free\r\nlibrary does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this\r\ncase, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free\r\nsoftware only, so we use the Lesser General Public License.\r\n\r\n In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free\r\nprograms enables a greater number of people to use a large body of\r\nfree software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in\r\nnon-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU\r\noperating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating\r\nsystem.\r\n\r\n Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the\r\nusers' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is\r\nlinked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run\r\nthat program using a modified version of the Library.\r\n\r\n The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and\r\nmodification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a\r\n\"work based on the library\" and a \"work that uses the library\". The\r\nformer contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must\r\nbe combined with the library in order to run.\r\n\f\r\n GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION\r\n\r\n 0. This License Agreement applies to any software library or other\r\nprogram which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or\r\nother authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of\r\nthis Lesser General Public License (also called \"this License\").\r\nEach licensee is addressed as \"you\".\r\n\r\n A \"library\" means a collection of software functions and/or data\r\nprepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs\r\n(which use some of those functions and data) to form executables.\r\n\r\n The \"Library\", below, refers to any such software library or work\r\nwhich has been distributed under these terms. A \"work based on the\r\nLibrary\" means either the Library or any derivative work under\r\ncopyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a\r\nportion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated\r\nstraightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is\r\nincluded without limitation in the term \"modification\".)\r\n\r\n \"Source code\" for a work means the preferred form of the work for\r\nmaking modifications to it. For a library, complete source code means\r\nall the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated\r\ninterface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation\r\nand installation of the library.\r\n\r\n Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not\r\ncovered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of\r\nrunning a program using the Library is not restricted, and output from\r\nsuch a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based\r\non the Library (independent of the use of the Library in a tool for\r\nwriting it). Whether that is true depends on what the Library does\r\nand what the program that uses the Library does.\r\n\r\n 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's\r\ncomplete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that\r\nyou conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an\r\nappropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact\r\nall the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any\r\nwarranty; and distribute a copy of this License along with the\r\nLibrary.\r\n\r\n You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,\r\nand you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a\r\nfee.\r\n\f\r\n 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion\r\nof it, thus forming a work based on the Library, and copy and\r\ndistribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1\r\nabove, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:\r\n\r\n a) The modified work must itself be a software library.\r\n\r\n b) You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices\r\n stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.\r\n\r\n c) You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no\r\n charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.\r\n\r\n d) If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a\r\n table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses\r\n the facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility\r\n is invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that,\r\n in the event an application does not supply such function or\r\n table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of\r\n its purpose remains meaningful.\r\n\r\n (For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has\r\n a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the\r\n application. Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any\r\n application-supplied function or table used by this function must\r\n be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square\r\n root function must still compute square roots.)\r\n\r\nThese requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If\r\nidentifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library,\r\nand can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in\r\nthemselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those\r\nsections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you\r\ndistribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based\r\non the Library, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of\r\nthis License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the\r\nentire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote\r\nit.\r\n\r\nThus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest\r\nyour rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to\r\nexercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or\r\ncollective works based on the Library.\r\n\r\nIn addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library\r\nwith the Library (or with a work based on the Library) on a volume of\r\na storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under\r\nthe scope of this License.\r\n\r\n 3. You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public\r\nLicense instead of this License to a given copy of the Library. To do\r\nthis, you must alter all the notices that refer to this License, so\r\nthat they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License, version 2,\r\ninstead of to this License. (If a newer version than version 2 of the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License has appeared, then you can specify\r\nthat version instead if you wish.) Do not make any other change in\r\nthese notices.\r\n\f\r\n Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for\r\nthat copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all\r\nsubsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy.\r\n\r\n This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of\r\nthe Library into a program that is not a library.\r\n\r\n 4. You may copy and distribute the Library (or a portion or\r\nderivative of it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form\r\nunder the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany\r\nit with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which\r\nmust be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a\r\nmedium customarily used for software interchange.\r\n\r\n If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy\r\nfrom a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the\r\nsource code from the same place satisfies the requirement to\r\ndistribute the source code, even though third parties are not\r\ncompelled to copy the source along with the object code.\r\n\r\n 5. A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the\r\nLibrary, but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled or\r\nlinked with it, is called a \"work that uses the Library\". Such a\r\nwork, in isolation, is not a derivative work of the Library, and\r\ntherefore falls outside the scope of this License.\r\n\r\n However, linking a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library\r\ncreates an executable that is a derivative of the Library (because it\r\ncontains portions of the Library), rather than a \"work that uses the\r\nlibrary\". The executable is therefore covered by this License.\r\nSection 6 states terms for distribution of such executables.\r\n\r\n When a \"work that uses the Library\" uses material from a header file\r\nthat is part of the Library, the object code for the work may be a\r\nderivative work of the Library even though the source code is not.\r\nWhether this is true is especially significant if the work can be\r\nlinked without the Library, or if the work is itself a library. The\r\nthreshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law.\r\n\r\n If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data\r\nstructure layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline\r\nfunctions (ten lines or less in length), then the use of the object\r\nfile is unrestricted, regardless of whether it is legally a derivative\r\nwork. (Executables containing this object code plus portions of the\r\nLibrary will still fall under Section 6.)\r\n\r\n Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the Library, you may\r\ndistribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6.\r\nAny executables containing that work also fall under Section 6,\r\nwhether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself.\r\n\f\r\n 6. As an exception to the Sections above, you may also combine or\r\nlink a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library to produce a\r\nwork containing portions of the Library, and distribute that work\r\nunder terms of your choice, provided that the terms permit\r\nmodification of the work for the customer's own use and reverse\r\nengineering for debugging such modifications.\r\n\r\n You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the\r\nLibrary is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by\r\nthis License. You must supply a copy of this License. If the work\r\nduring execution displays copyright notices, you must include the\r\ncopyright notice for the Library among them, as well as a reference\r\ndirecting the user to the copy of this License. Also, you must do one\r\nof these things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the work with the complete corresponding\r\n machine-readable source code for the Library including whatever\r\n changes were used in the work (which must be distributed under\r\n Sections 1 and 2 above); and, if the work is an executable linked\r\n with the Library, with the complete machine-readable \"work that\r\n uses the Library\", as object code and/or source code, so that the\r\n user can modify the Library and then relink to produce a modified\r\n executable containing the modified Library. (It is understood\r\n that the user who changes the contents of definitions files in the\r\n Library will not necessarily be able to recompile the application\r\n to use the modified definitions.)\r\n\r\n b) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the\r\n Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (1) uses at run time a\r\n copy of the library already present on the user's computer system,\r\n rather than copying library functions into the executable, and (2)\r\n will operate properly with a modified version of the library, if\r\n the user installs one, as long as the modified version is\r\n interface-compatible with the version that the work was made with.\r\n\r\n c) Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at\r\n least three years, to give the same user the materials\r\n specified in Subsection 6a, above, for a charge no more\r\n than the cost of performing this distribution.\r\n\r\n d) If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy\r\n from a designated place, offer equivalent access to copy the above\r\n specified materials from the same place.\r\n\r\n e) Verify that the user has already received a copy of these\r\n materials or that you have already sent this user a copy.\r\n\r\n For an executable, the required form of the \"work that uses the\r\nLibrary\" must include any data and utility programs needed for\r\nreproducing the executable from it. However, as a special exception,\r\nthe materials to be distributed need not include anything that is\r\nnormally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major\r\ncomponents (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on\r\nwhich the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies\r\nthe executable.\r\n\r\n It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license\r\nrestrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally\r\naccompany the operating system. Such a contradiction means you cannot\r\nuse both them and the Library together in an executable that you\r\ndistribute.\r\n\f\r\n 7. You may place library facilities that are a work based on the\r\nLibrary side-by-side in a single library together with other library\r\nfacilities not covered by this License, and distribute such a combined\r\nlibrary, provided that the separate distribution of the work based on\r\nthe Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise\r\npermitted, and provided that you do these two things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work\r\n based on the Library, uncombined with any other library\r\n facilities. This must be distributed under the terms of the\r\n Sections above.\r\n\r\n b) Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact\r\n that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining\r\n where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.\r\n\r\n 8. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute\r\nthe Library except as expressly provided under this License. Any\r\nattempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or\r\ndistribute the Library is void, and will automatically terminate your\r\nrights under this License. However, parties who have received copies,\r\nor rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses\r\nterminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.\r\n\r\n 9. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not\r\nsigned it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or\r\ndistribute the Library or its derivative works. These actions are\r\nprohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by\r\nmodifying or distributing the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and\r\nall its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying\r\nthe Library or works based on it.\r\n\r\n 10. Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), the recipient automatically receives a license from the\r\noriginal licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the Library\r\nsubject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further\r\nrestrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.\r\nYou are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with\r\nthis License.\r\n\f\r\n 11. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent\r\ninfringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),\r\nconditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or\r\notherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not\r\nexcuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot\r\ndistribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this\r\nLicense and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you\r\nmay not distribute the Library at all. For example, if a patent\r\nlicense would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Library by\r\nall those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then\r\nthe only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to\r\nrefrain entirely from distribution of the Library.\r\n\r\nIf any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any\r\nparticular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply,\r\nand the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.\r\n\r\nIt is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any\r\npatents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any\r\nsuch claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the\r\nintegrity of the free software distribution system which is\r\nimplemented by public license practices. Many people have made\r\ngenerous contributions to the wide range of software distributed\r\nthrough that system in reliance on consistent application of that\r\nsystem; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing\r\nto distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot\r\nimpose that choice.\r\n\r\nThis section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to\r\nbe a consequence of the rest of this License.\r\n\r\n 12. If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in\r\ncertain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the\r\noriginal copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add\r\nan explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries,\r\nso that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus\r\nexcluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if\r\nwritten in the body of this License.\r\n\r\n 13. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new\r\nversions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time.\r\nSuch new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version,\r\nbut may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.\r\n\r\nEach version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library\r\nspecifies a version number of this License which applies to it and\r\n\"any later version\", you have the option of following the terms and\r\nconditions either of that version or of any later version published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation. If the Library does not specify a\r\nlicense version number, you may choose any version ever published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation.\r\n\f\r\n 14. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free\r\nprograms whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these,\r\nwrite to the author to ask for permission. For software which is\r\ncopyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free\r\nSoftware Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our\r\ndecision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status\r\nof all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing\r\nand reuse of software generally.\r\n\r\n NO WARRANTY\r\n\r\n 15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO\r\nWARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.\r\nEXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR\r\nOTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY \"AS IS\" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY\r\nKIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\r\nIMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR\r\nPURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE\r\nLIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME\r\nTHE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.\r\n\r\n 16. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN\r\nWRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY\r\nAND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU\r\nFOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR\r\nCONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE\r\nLIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING\r\nRENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A\r\nFAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF\r\nSUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH\r\nDAMAGES.\r\n\r\n END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS\r\n\r\n How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries\r\n\r\n If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest\r\npossible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that\r\neveryone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting\r\nredistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the\r\nordinary General Public License).\r\n\r\n To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is\r\nsafest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively\r\nconvey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the\r\n\"copyright\" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.\r\n\r\n <one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.>\r\n Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>\r\n\r\n This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\r\n modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either\r\n version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.\r\n\r\n This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\r\n but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\r\n MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "computational seismology" }, { "word": "numerical modelling" }, { "word": "seismic noise" }, { "word": "waveform inversion" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-08-14T10:45:18+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-16T21:42:17+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-16T21:42:17+02:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab210", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/OSF.IO/9SNJM", "authors": [ { "pk": 1560, "first_name": "Jonas", "middle_name": "Karl Hans", "last_name": "Igel", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 3709, "first_name": "Laura", "middle_name": "A", "last_name": "Ermert", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 13730, "first_name": "Andreas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Fichtner", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "EarthArXiv_Preprint_compressed.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/22/download/43/" }, { "original_filename": "Igel_et_al_2021_GJI_complete_clean.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/22/download/4835/" }, { "original_filename": "Igel_et_al_2021_GJI_complete_clean_EarthArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/22/download/4845/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/2b695", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 23, "title": "Apatite fission-track dating by LA-Q-ICP-MS mapping", "abstract": "Obtaining accurate and precise apatite fission-track (AFT) ages is dependent on producing plentiful high-quality apatite grains from a sample, ideally with high spontaneous fission-track densities (c. >105 tracks.cm-2). Many natural samples, such as bedrock samples from young orogenic belts or low-grade metamorphic samples with low U contents yield low spontaneous fission-track densities. Such apatites must be counted to avoid biasing the resultant FT age. AFT dating employing LA-Q-ICP-MS spot ablation works very well for grains with high spontaneous fission-track densities which enable potential U-zoning to be detected, while also removing the need for an irradiation step and facilitating simultaneous acquisition of U-Pb and trace element data. The LA-Q-ICP-MS spot ablation thus offers several advantages compared to the External Detector Method (EDM). However, for grains with low spontaneous fission-track densities where U zoning cannot be observed, the LA-Q-ICP-MS spot ablation approach requires the counted area to mimic exactly the site of the laser spot, with the downside that this smaller counted area limits the precision of the resultant AFT age. Here we present an alternative approach to LA-Q-ICP-MS analysis of low fission-tracks density grains by generating a U distribution (238U/43Ca) map of the entire apatite surface by LA-Q-ICP-MS elemental mapping which enables characterization of U zonation. The Monocle plugin for the Iolite LA-ICP-MS data reduction software package is used to display elemental maps and extract mean 238U/43Ca values of the same area counted for the fission tracks. A typical grain-mapping session takes < 5 hours to map 80 grains. The method was employed on the Durango and Fish Canyon Tuff apatite reference materials, and on apatite from six bedrock samples with low fission-track densities (≤ 1.105 track.cm-2). Most apatite samples investigated here were previously dated by the EDM or the LA-Q-ICP-MS ablation spot method. The AFT grain-mapping ages agree with previously published EDM or LA-Q-ICP-MS spot ablation ages at the 2σ level. For each apatite sample, we simultaneously acquired U-Pb age and trace element data (Mn, Sr, La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Gd, Lu); here again the data agree with literature constraints (when available) within uncertainties. The mapping approach is therefore a practical solution to low-temperature thermochronology studies employing apatite grains with low spontaneous fission-track densities, while also facilitating investigation of the spatial relationships between thermo- and geochronometric ages and grain chemistry.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "apatite" }, { "word": "Cyclades" }, { "word": "Durango" }, { "word": "Fish Canyon Tuff" }, { "word": "fission-track" }, { "word": "rare earth elements" }, { "word": "thermochronology" }, { "word": "U-Pb dating" }, { "word": "Western Himalaya" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-08-14T10:42:18+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-17T13:03:22+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-17T13:03:22+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/mx39v", "authors": [ { "pk": 1522, "first_name": "Claire", "middle_name": "Florence", "last_name": "Ansberque", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0003-4602-6911" }, { "pk": 6302, "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chew", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7568, "first_name": "Kerstin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Drost", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geochemistry" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Ansberqueetal2020.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/23/download/44/" }, { "original_filename": "Ansberqueetal2020.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/23/download/45/" }, { "original_filename": "Ansberqueetal2020_Accepted.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/23/download/3793/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 24, "title": "Marine mineral-catalyzed NO and N2O formation on the anoxic early Earth", "abstract": "Microbial metabolisms were limited by available terminal electron acceptors in the anoxic environment of the early Archean. However, iron mineral phases in Fe2+-rich (ferruginous) oceans could have catalyzed reactions with abiotically fixed nitrogen leading to the formation of nitrous oxide (N2O), a potentially favorable terminal electron acceptor. We experimentally simulated anoxic surface-catalyzed reduction of nitrite and nitrate via green rust and magnetite. Besides N2O, we detected and quantified the formation of substantial amounts of nitric oxide (NO). While N2O escaped into the gas phase (63% of nitrite-nitrogen, with green rust as catalyst), NO remained associated with precipitates (7% of nitrite-nitrogen). Using diffusion and photochemical modeling, we show that marine N2O emissions could have sustained atmospheric N2O pools of 1-7 ppb. Although this concentration was insufficient to cause significant warming, the seawater enriched in N2O and NO could have critically affected early benthic life by providing the opportunity to conserve energy.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public\r\nLicenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change\r\nfree software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.\r\n\r\n This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some\r\nspecially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the\r\nFree Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You\r\ncan use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether\r\nthis license or the ordinary General Public License is the better\r\nstrategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.\r\n\r\n When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,\r\nnot price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that\r\nyou have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge\r\nfor this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get\r\nit if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of\r\nit in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do\r\nthese things.\r\n\r\n To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid\r\ndistributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these\r\nrights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for\r\nyou if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.\r\n\r\n For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis\r\nor for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave\r\nyou. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source\r\ncode. If you link other code with the library, you must provide\r\ncomplete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them\r\nwith the library after making changes to the library and recompiling\r\nit. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.\r\n\r\n We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the\r\nlibrary, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal\r\npermission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.\r\n\r\n To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that\r\nthere is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is\r\nmodified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know\r\nthat what they have is not the original version, so that the original\r\nauthor's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be\r\nintroduced by others.\r\n\f\r\n Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of\r\nany free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot\r\neffectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a\r\nrestrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that\r\nany patent license obtained for a version of the library must be\r\nconsistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license.\r\n\r\n Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser\r\nGeneral Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and\r\nis quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use\r\nthis license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those\r\nlibraries into non-free programs.\r\n\r\n When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using\r\na shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a\r\ncombined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary\r\nGeneral Public License therefore permits such linking only if the\r\nentire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General\r\nPublic License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with\r\nthe library.\r\n\r\n We call this license the \"Lesser\" General Public License because it\r\ndoes Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General\r\nPublic License. It also provides other free software developers Less\r\nof an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages\r\nare the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many\r\nlibraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain\r\nspecial circumstances.\r\n\r\n For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to\r\nencourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes\r\na de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be\r\nallowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free\r\nlibrary does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this\r\ncase, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free\r\nsoftware only, so we use the Lesser General Public License.\r\n\r\n In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free\r\nprograms enables a greater number of people to use a large body of\r\nfree software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in\r\nnon-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU\r\noperating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating\r\nsystem.\r\n\r\n Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the\r\nusers' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is\r\nlinked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run\r\nthat program using a modified version of the Library.\r\n\r\n The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and\r\nmodification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a\r\n\"work based on the library\" and a \"work that uses the library\". The\r\nformer contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must\r\nbe combined with the library in order to run.\r\n\f\r\n GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION\r\n\r\n 0. This License Agreement applies to any software library or other\r\nprogram which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or\r\nother authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of\r\nthis Lesser General Public License (also called \"this License\").\r\nEach licensee is addressed as \"you\".\r\n\r\n A \"library\" means a collection of software functions and/or data\r\nprepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs\r\n(which use some of those functions and data) to form executables.\r\n\r\n The \"Library\", below, refers to any such software library or work\r\nwhich has been distributed under these terms. A \"work based on the\r\nLibrary\" means either the Library or any derivative work under\r\ncopyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a\r\nportion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated\r\nstraightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is\r\nincluded without limitation in the term \"modification\".)\r\n\r\n \"Source code\" for a work means the preferred form of the work for\r\nmaking modifications to it. For a library, complete source code means\r\nall the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated\r\ninterface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation\r\nand installation of the library.\r\n\r\n Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not\r\ncovered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of\r\nrunning a program using the Library is not restricted, and output from\r\nsuch a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based\r\non the Library (independent of the use of the Library in a tool for\r\nwriting it). Whether that is true depends on what the Library does\r\nand what the program that uses the Library does.\r\n\r\n 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's\r\ncomplete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that\r\nyou conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an\r\nappropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact\r\nall the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any\r\nwarranty; and distribute a copy of this License along with the\r\nLibrary.\r\n\r\n You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,\r\nand you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a\r\nfee.\r\n\f\r\n 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion\r\nof it, thus forming a work based on the Library, and copy and\r\ndistribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1\r\nabove, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:\r\n\r\n a) The modified work must itself be a software library.\r\n\r\n b) You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices\r\n stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.\r\n\r\n c) You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no\r\n charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.\r\n\r\n d) If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a\r\n table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses\r\n the facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility\r\n is invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that,\r\n in the event an application does not supply such function or\r\n table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of\r\n its purpose remains meaningful.\r\n\r\n (For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has\r\n a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the\r\n application. Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any\r\n application-supplied function or table used by this function must\r\n be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square\r\n root function must still compute square roots.)\r\n\r\nThese requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If\r\nidentifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library,\r\nand can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in\r\nthemselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those\r\nsections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you\r\ndistribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based\r\non the Library, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of\r\nthis License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the\r\nentire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote\r\nit.\r\n\r\nThus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest\r\nyour rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to\r\nexercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or\r\ncollective works based on the Library.\r\n\r\nIn addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library\r\nwith the Library (or with a work based on the Library) on a volume of\r\na storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under\r\nthe scope of this License.\r\n\r\n 3. You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public\r\nLicense instead of this License to a given copy of the Library. To do\r\nthis, you must alter all the notices that refer to this License, so\r\nthat they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License, version 2,\r\ninstead of to this License. (If a newer version than version 2 of the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License has appeared, then you can specify\r\nthat version instead if you wish.) Do not make any other change in\r\nthese notices.\r\n\f\r\n Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for\r\nthat copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all\r\nsubsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy.\r\n\r\n This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of\r\nthe Library into a program that is not a library.\r\n\r\n 4. You may copy and distribute the Library (or a portion or\r\nderivative of it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form\r\nunder the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany\r\nit with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which\r\nmust be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a\r\nmedium customarily used for software interchange.\r\n\r\n If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy\r\nfrom a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the\r\nsource code from the same place satisfies the requirement to\r\ndistribute the source code, even though third parties are not\r\ncompelled to copy the source along with the object code.\r\n\r\n 5. A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the\r\nLibrary, but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled or\r\nlinked with it, is called a \"work that uses the Library\". Such a\r\nwork, in isolation, is not a derivative work of the Library, and\r\ntherefore falls outside the scope of this License.\r\n\r\n However, linking a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library\r\ncreates an executable that is a derivative of the Library (because it\r\ncontains portions of the Library), rather than a \"work that uses the\r\nlibrary\". The executable is therefore covered by this License.\r\nSection 6 states terms for distribution of such executables.\r\n\r\n When a \"work that uses the Library\" uses material from a header file\r\nthat is part of the Library, the object code for the work may be a\r\nderivative work of the Library even though the source code is not.\r\nWhether this is true is especially significant if the work can be\r\nlinked without the Library, or if the work is itself a library. The\r\nthreshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law.\r\n\r\n If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data\r\nstructure layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline\r\nfunctions (ten lines or less in length), then the use of the object\r\nfile is unrestricted, regardless of whether it is legally a derivative\r\nwork. (Executables containing this object code plus portions of the\r\nLibrary will still fall under Section 6.)\r\n\r\n Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the Library, you may\r\ndistribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6.\r\nAny executables containing that work also fall under Section 6,\r\nwhether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself.\r\n\f\r\n 6. As an exception to the Sections above, you may also combine or\r\nlink a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library to produce a\r\nwork containing portions of the Library, and distribute that work\r\nunder terms of your choice, provided that the terms permit\r\nmodification of the work for the customer's own use and reverse\r\nengineering for debugging such modifications.\r\n\r\n You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the\r\nLibrary is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by\r\nthis License. You must supply a copy of this License. If the work\r\nduring execution displays copyright notices, you must include the\r\ncopyright notice for the Library among them, as well as a reference\r\ndirecting the user to the copy of this License. Also, you must do one\r\nof these things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the work with the complete corresponding\r\n machine-readable source code for the Library including whatever\r\n changes were used in the work (which must be distributed under\r\n Sections 1 and 2 above); and, if the work is an executable linked\r\n with the Library, with the complete machine-readable \"work that\r\n uses the Library\", as object code and/or source code, so that the\r\n user can modify the Library and then relink to produce a modified\r\n executable containing the modified Library. (It is understood\r\n that the user who changes the contents of definitions files in the\r\n Library will not necessarily be able to recompile the application\r\n to use the modified definitions.)\r\n\r\n b) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the\r\n Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (1) uses at run time a\r\n copy of the library already present on the user's computer system,\r\n rather than copying library functions into the executable, and (2)\r\n will operate properly with a modified version of the library, if\r\n the user installs one, as long as the modified version is\r\n interface-compatible with the version that the work was made with.\r\n\r\n c) Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at\r\n least three years, to give the same user the materials\r\n specified in Subsection 6a, above, for a charge no more\r\n than the cost of performing this distribution.\r\n\r\n d) If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy\r\n from a designated place, offer equivalent access to copy the above\r\n specified materials from the same place.\r\n\r\n e) Verify that the user has already received a copy of these\r\n materials or that you have already sent this user a copy.\r\n\r\n For an executable, the required form of the \"work that uses the\r\nLibrary\" must include any data and utility programs needed for\r\nreproducing the executable from it. However, as a special exception,\r\nthe materials to be distributed need not include anything that is\r\nnormally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major\r\ncomponents (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on\r\nwhich the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies\r\nthe executable.\r\n\r\n It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license\r\nrestrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally\r\naccompany the operating system. Such a contradiction means you cannot\r\nuse both them and the Library together in an executable that you\r\ndistribute.\r\n\f\r\n 7. You may place library facilities that are a work based on the\r\nLibrary side-by-side in a single library together with other library\r\nfacilities not covered by this License, and distribute such a combined\r\nlibrary, provided that the separate distribution of the work based on\r\nthe Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise\r\npermitted, and provided that you do these two things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work\r\n based on the Library, uncombined with any other library\r\n facilities. This must be distributed under the terms of the\r\n Sections above.\r\n\r\n b) Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact\r\n that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining\r\n where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.\r\n\r\n 8. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute\r\nthe Library except as expressly provided under this License. Any\r\nattempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or\r\ndistribute the Library is void, and will automatically terminate your\r\nrights under this License. However, parties who have received copies,\r\nor rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses\r\nterminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.\r\n\r\n 9. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not\r\nsigned it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or\r\ndistribute the Library or its derivative works. These actions are\r\nprohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by\r\nmodifying or distributing the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and\r\nall its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying\r\nthe Library or works based on it.\r\n\r\n 10. Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), the recipient automatically receives a license from the\r\noriginal licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the Library\r\nsubject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further\r\nrestrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.\r\nYou are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with\r\nthis License.\r\n\f\r\n 11. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent\r\ninfringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),\r\nconditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or\r\notherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not\r\nexcuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot\r\ndistribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this\r\nLicense and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you\r\nmay not distribute the Library at all. For example, if a patent\r\nlicense would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Library by\r\nall those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then\r\nthe only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to\r\nrefrain entirely from distribution of the Library.\r\n\r\nIf any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any\r\nparticular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply,\r\nand the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.\r\n\r\nIt is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any\r\npatents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any\r\nsuch claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the\r\nintegrity of the free software distribution system which is\r\nimplemented by public license practices. Many people have made\r\ngenerous contributions to the wide range of software distributed\r\nthrough that system in reliance on consistent application of that\r\nsystem; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing\r\nto distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot\r\nimpose that choice.\r\n\r\nThis section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to\r\nbe a consequence of the rest of this License.\r\n\r\n 12. If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in\r\ncertain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the\r\noriginal copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add\r\nan explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries,\r\nso that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus\r\nexcluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if\r\nwritten in the body of this License.\r\n\r\n 13. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new\r\nversions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time.\r\nSuch new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version,\r\nbut may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.\r\n\r\nEach version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library\r\nspecifies a version number of this License which applies to it and\r\n\"any later version\", you have the option of following the terms and\r\nconditions either of that version or of any later version published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation. If the Library does not specify a\r\nlicense version number, you may choose any version ever published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation.\r\n\f\r\n 14. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free\r\nprograms whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these,\r\nwrite to the author to ask for permission. For software which is\r\ncopyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free\r\nSoftware Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our\r\ndecision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status\r\nof all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing\r\nand reuse of software generally.\r\n\r\n NO WARRANTY\r\n\r\n 15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO\r\nWARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.\r\nEXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR\r\nOTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY \"AS IS\" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY\r\nKIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\r\nIMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR\r\nPURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE\r\nLIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME\r\nTHE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.\r\n\r\n 16. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN\r\nWRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY\r\nAND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU\r\nFOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR\r\nCONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE\r\nLIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING\r\nRENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A\r\nFAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF\r\nSUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH\r\nDAMAGES.\r\n\r\n END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS\r\n\r\n How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries\r\n\r\n If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest\r\npossible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that\r\neveryone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting\r\nredistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the\r\nordinary General Public License).\r\n\r\n To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is\r\nsafest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively\r\nconvey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the\r\n\"copyright\" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.\r\n\r\n <one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.>\r\n Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>\r\n\r\n This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\r\n modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either\r\n version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.\r\n\r\n This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\r\n but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\r\n MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "abiotic N2O production" }, { "word": "abiotic NO production" }, { "word": "Archean ocean" }, { "word": "early Earth" }, { "word": "green rust" }, { "word": "magnetite" }, { "word": "mineral catalysis" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-08-14T01:41:19+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-17T01:47:38+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-17T01:47:38+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/n6tv2", "authors": [ { "pk": 9449, "first_name": "Steffen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Buessecker", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6320, "first_name": "Hiroshi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Imanaka", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7584, "first_name": "Tucker", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ely", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8733, "first_name": "Renyu", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hu", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9625, "first_name": "Stephen", "middle_name": "J.", "last_name": "Romaniello", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10282, "first_name": "Hinsby", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cadillo-Quiroz", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geochemistry" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "EarthArXiv MS.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/24/download/46/" }, { "original_filename": "EarthArXiv MS.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/24/download/47/" }, { "original_filename": "NatureGeo_ArcheanNOx_manuscript_SBuessecker_revisedV2.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/24/download/6547/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/psztm", "label": "Supplementary material" }, { "url": "https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12805640.v1", "label": "Public data" } ] }, { "pk": 25, "title": "On the Evolution of Thermally Stratified Layers at the top of Earth’s Core", "abstract": "Stable stratification at the top of the Earth’s outer core has been suggested based upon seismic and geomagnetic observations, however, the origin of the layer is still unknown. In this paper we focus on a thermal origin for the layer and conduct a systematic study on the thermal evolution of the core. We develop a new numerical code to model the growth of thermally stable layers beneath the CMB, integrated into a thermodynamic model for the long term evolution of the core. We conduct a systematic study on plausible thermal histories using a range of core properties and, combining thickness and stratification strength constraints, investigate the limits upon the present day structure of the thermal layer. We find that whilst there are a number of scenarios for the history of the CMB heat flow, Qc, that give rise to thermal stratification, many of them are inconsistent with previously published exponential trends in Qc from mantle evolution models. Layers formed due to an exponentially decaying Qc are limited to 250-400 km thick and have maximum present-day Brunt-Va ̈isa ̈l ̈a periods, TBV = 8 − 24 hrs. When entrainment of the lowermost region of the layer is included in our model, the upper limit of the layer size is reduced and can fully inhibit the growth of any layer if our non-dimensional measure of entrainment, E > 0.2. The period TBV is insensitive to the evolution and so our estimates remain distinct from estimates arising from a chemical origin. Therefore, TBV should be able to discern between thermal and chemical mechanisms as improved seismic constraints are obtained.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public\r\nLicenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change\r\nfree software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.\r\n\r\n This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some\r\nspecially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the\r\nFree Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You\r\ncan use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether\r\nthis license or the ordinary General Public License is the better\r\nstrategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.\r\n\r\n When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,\r\nnot price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that\r\nyou have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge\r\nfor this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get\r\nit if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of\r\nit in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do\r\nthese things.\r\n\r\n To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid\r\ndistributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these\r\nrights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for\r\nyou if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.\r\n\r\n For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis\r\nor for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave\r\nyou. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source\r\ncode. If you link other code with the library, you must provide\r\ncomplete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them\r\nwith the library after making changes to the library and recompiling\r\nit. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.\r\n\r\n We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the\r\nlibrary, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal\r\npermission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.\r\n\r\n To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that\r\nthere is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is\r\nmodified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know\r\nthat what they have is not the original version, so that the original\r\nauthor's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be\r\nintroduced by others.\r\n\f\r\n Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of\r\nany free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot\r\neffectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a\r\nrestrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that\r\nany patent license obtained for a version of the library must be\r\nconsistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license.\r\n\r\n Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser\r\nGeneral Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and\r\nis quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use\r\nthis license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those\r\nlibraries into non-free programs.\r\n\r\n When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using\r\na shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a\r\ncombined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary\r\nGeneral Public License therefore permits such linking only if the\r\nentire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General\r\nPublic License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with\r\nthe library.\r\n\r\n We call this license the \"Lesser\" General Public License because it\r\ndoes Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General\r\nPublic License. It also provides other free software developers Less\r\nof an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages\r\nare the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many\r\nlibraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain\r\nspecial circumstances.\r\n\r\n For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to\r\nencourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes\r\na de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be\r\nallowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free\r\nlibrary does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this\r\ncase, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free\r\nsoftware only, so we use the Lesser General Public License.\r\n\r\n In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free\r\nprograms enables a greater number of people to use a large body of\r\nfree software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in\r\nnon-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU\r\noperating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating\r\nsystem.\r\n\r\n Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the\r\nusers' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is\r\nlinked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run\r\nthat program using a modified version of the Library.\r\n\r\n The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and\r\nmodification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a\r\n\"work based on the library\" and a \"work that uses the library\". The\r\nformer contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must\r\nbe combined with the library in order to run.\r\n\f\r\n GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION\r\n\r\n 0. This License Agreement applies to any software library or other\r\nprogram which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or\r\nother authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of\r\nthis Lesser General Public License (also called \"this License\").\r\nEach licensee is addressed as \"you\".\r\n\r\n A \"library\" means a collection of software functions and/or data\r\nprepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs\r\n(which use some of those functions and data) to form executables.\r\n\r\n The \"Library\", below, refers to any such software library or work\r\nwhich has been distributed under these terms. A \"work based on the\r\nLibrary\" means either the Library or any derivative work under\r\ncopyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a\r\nportion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated\r\nstraightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is\r\nincluded without limitation in the term \"modification\".)\r\n\r\n \"Source code\" for a work means the preferred form of the work for\r\nmaking modifications to it. For a library, complete source code means\r\nall the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated\r\ninterface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation\r\nand installation of the library.\r\n\r\n Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not\r\ncovered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of\r\nrunning a program using the Library is not restricted, and output from\r\nsuch a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based\r\non the Library (independent of the use of the Library in a tool for\r\nwriting it). Whether that is true depends on what the Library does\r\nand what the program that uses the Library does.\r\n\r\n 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's\r\ncomplete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that\r\nyou conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an\r\nappropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact\r\nall the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any\r\nwarranty; and distribute a copy of this License along with the\r\nLibrary.\r\n\r\n You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,\r\nand you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a\r\nfee.\r\n\f\r\n 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion\r\nof it, thus forming a work based on the Library, and copy and\r\ndistribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1\r\nabove, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:\r\n\r\n a) The modified work must itself be a software library.\r\n\r\n b) You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices\r\n stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.\r\n\r\n c) You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no\r\n charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.\r\n\r\n d) If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a\r\n table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses\r\n the facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility\r\n is invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that,\r\n in the event an application does not supply such function or\r\n table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of\r\n its purpose remains meaningful.\r\n\r\n (For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has\r\n a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the\r\n application. Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any\r\n application-supplied function or table used by this function must\r\n be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square\r\n root function must still compute square roots.)\r\n\r\nThese requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If\r\nidentifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library,\r\nand can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in\r\nthemselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those\r\nsections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you\r\ndistribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based\r\non the Library, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of\r\nthis License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the\r\nentire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote\r\nit.\r\n\r\nThus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest\r\nyour rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to\r\nexercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or\r\ncollective works based on the Library.\r\n\r\nIn addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library\r\nwith the Library (or with a work based on the Library) on a volume of\r\na storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under\r\nthe scope of this License.\r\n\r\n 3. You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public\r\nLicense instead of this License to a given copy of the Library. To do\r\nthis, you must alter all the notices that refer to this License, so\r\nthat they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License, version 2,\r\ninstead of to this License. (If a newer version than version 2 of the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License has appeared, then you can specify\r\nthat version instead if you wish.) Do not make any other change in\r\nthese notices.\r\n\f\r\n Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for\r\nthat copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all\r\nsubsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy.\r\n\r\n This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of\r\nthe Library into a program that is not a library.\r\n\r\n 4. You may copy and distribute the Library (or a portion or\r\nderivative of it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form\r\nunder the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany\r\nit with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which\r\nmust be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a\r\nmedium customarily used for software interchange.\r\n\r\n If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy\r\nfrom a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the\r\nsource code from the same place satisfies the requirement to\r\ndistribute the source code, even though third parties are not\r\ncompelled to copy the source along with the object code.\r\n\r\n 5. A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the\r\nLibrary, but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled or\r\nlinked with it, is called a \"work that uses the Library\". Such a\r\nwork, in isolation, is not a derivative work of the Library, and\r\ntherefore falls outside the scope of this License.\r\n\r\n However, linking a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library\r\ncreates an executable that is a derivative of the Library (because it\r\ncontains portions of the Library), rather than a \"work that uses the\r\nlibrary\". The executable is therefore covered by this License.\r\nSection 6 states terms for distribution of such executables.\r\n\r\n When a \"work that uses the Library\" uses material from a header file\r\nthat is part of the Library, the object code for the work may be a\r\nderivative work of the Library even though the source code is not.\r\nWhether this is true is especially significant if the work can be\r\nlinked without the Library, or if the work is itself a library. The\r\nthreshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law.\r\n\r\n If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data\r\nstructure layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline\r\nfunctions (ten lines or less in length), then the use of the object\r\nfile is unrestricted, regardless of whether it is legally a derivative\r\nwork. (Executables containing this object code plus portions of the\r\nLibrary will still fall under Section 6.)\r\n\r\n Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the Library, you may\r\ndistribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6.\r\nAny executables containing that work also fall under Section 6,\r\nwhether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself.\r\n\f\r\n 6. As an exception to the Sections above, you may also combine or\r\nlink a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library to produce a\r\nwork containing portions of the Library, and distribute that work\r\nunder terms of your choice, provided that the terms permit\r\nmodification of the work for the customer's own use and reverse\r\nengineering for debugging such modifications.\r\n\r\n You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the\r\nLibrary is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by\r\nthis License. You must supply a copy of this License. If the work\r\nduring execution displays copyright notices, you must include the\r\ncopyright notice for the Library among them, as well as a reference\r\ndirecting the user to the copy of this License. Also, you must do one\r\nof these things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the work with the complete corresponding\r\n machine-readable source code for the Library including whatever\r\n changes were used in the work (which must be distributed under\r\n Sections 1 and 2 above); and, if the work is an executable linked\r\n with the Library, with the complete machine-readable \"work that\r\n uses the Library\", as object code and/or source code, so that the\r\n user can modify the Library and then relink to produce a modified\r\n executable containing the modified Library. (It is understood\r\n that the user who changes the contents of definitions files in the\r\n Library will not necessarily be able to recompile the application\r\n to use the modified definitions.)\r\n\r\n b) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the\r\n Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (1) uses at run time a\r\n copy of the library already present on the user's computer system,\r\n rather than copying library functions into the executable, and (2)\r\n will operate properly with a modified version of the library, if\r\n the user installs one, as long as the modified version is\r\n interface-compatible with the version that the work was made with.\r\n\r\n c) Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at\r\n least three years, to give the same user the materials\r\n specified in Subsection 6a, above, for a charge no more\r\n than the cost of performing this distribution.\r\n\r\n d) If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy\r\n from a designated place, offer equivalent access to copy the above\r\n specified materials from the same place.\r\n\r\n e) Verify that the user has already received a copy of these\r\n materials or that you have already sent this user a copy.\r\n\r\n For an executable, the required form of the \"work that uses the\r\nLibrary\" must include any data and utility programs needed for\r\nreproducing the executable from it. However, as a special exception,\r\nthe materials to be distributed need not include anything that is\r\nnormally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major\r\ncomponents (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on\r\nwhich the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies\r\nthe executable.\r\n\r\n It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license\r\nrestrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally\r\naccompany the operating system. Such a contradiction means you cannot\r\nuse both them and the Library together in an executable that you\r\ndistribute.\r\n\f\r\n 7. You may place library facilities that are a work based on the\r\nLibrary side-by-side in a single library together with other library\r\nfacilities not covered by this License, and distribute such a combined\r\nlibrary, provided that the separate distribution of the work based on\r\nthe Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise\r\npermitted, and provided that you do these two things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work\r\n based on the Library, uncombined with any other library\r\n facilities. This must be distributed under the terms of the\r\n Sections above.\r\n\r\n b) Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact\r\n that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining\r\n where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.\r\n\r\n 8. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute\r\nthe Library except as expressly provided under this License. Any\r\nattempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or\r\ndistribute the Library is void, and will automatically terminate your\r\nrights under this License. However, parties who have received copies,\r\nor rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses\r\nterminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.\r\n\r\n 9. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not\r\nsigned it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or\r\ndistribute the Library or its derivative works. These actions are\r\nprohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by\r\nmodifying or distributing the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and\r\nall its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying\r\nthe Library or works based on it.\r\n\r\n 10. Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), the recipient automatically receives a license from the\r\noriginal licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the Library\r\nsubject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further\r\nrestrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.\r\nYou are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with\r\nthis License.\r\n\f\r\n 11. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent\r\ninfringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),\r\nconditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or\r\notherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not\r\nexcuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot\r\ndistribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this\r\nLicense and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you\r\nmay not distribute the Library at all. For example, if a patent\r\nlicense would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Library by\r\nall those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then\r\nthe only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to\r\nrefrain entirely from distribution of the Library.\r\n\r\nIf any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any\r\nparticular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply,\r\nand the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.\r\n\r\nIt is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any\r\npatents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any\r\nsuch claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the\r\nintegrity of the free software distribution system which is\r\nimplemented by public license practices. Many people have made\r\ngenerous contributions to the wide range of software distributed\r\nthrough that system in reliance on consistent application of that\r\nsystem; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing\r\nto distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot\r\nimpose that choice.\r\n\r\nThis section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to\r\nbe a consequence of the rest of this License.\r\n\r\n 12. If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in\r\ncertain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the\r\noriginal copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add\r\nan explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries,\r\nso that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus\r\nexcluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if\r\nwritten in the body of this License.\r\n\r\n 13. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new\r\nversions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time.\r\nSuch new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version,\r\nbut may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.\r\n\r\nEach version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library\r\nspecifies a version number of this License which applies to it and\r\n\"any later version\", you have the option of following the terms and\r\nconditions either of that version or of any later version published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation. If the Library does not specify a\r\nlicense version number, you may choose any version ever published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation.\r\n\f\r\n 14. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free\r\nprograms whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these,\r\nwrite to the author to ask for permission. For software which is\r\ncopyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free\r\nSoftware Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our\r\ndecision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status\r\nof all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing\r\nand reuse of software generally.\r\n\r\n NO WARRANTY\r\n\r\n 15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO\r\nWARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.\r\nEXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR\r\nOTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY \"AS IS\" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY\r\nKIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\r\nIMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR\r\nPURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE\r\nLIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME\r\nTHE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.\r\n\r\n 16. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN\r\nWRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY\r\nAND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU\r\nFOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR\r\nCONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE\r\nLIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING\r\nRENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A\r\nFAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF\r\nSUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH\r\nDAMAGES.\r\n\r\n END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS\r\n\r\n How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries\r\n\r\n If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest\r\npossible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that\r\neveryone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting\r\nredistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the\r\nordinary General Public License).\r\n\r\n To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is\r\nsafest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively\r\nconvey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the\r\n\"copyright\" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.\r\n\r\n <one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.>\r\n Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>\r\n\r\n This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\r\n modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either\r\n version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.\r\n\r\n This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\r\n but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\r\n MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Geodynamo" }, { "word": "inner core age" }, { "word": "outer core" }, { "word": "Thermal history" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-08-13T21:43:38+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-16T21:44:22+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-16T21:44:22+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/bh43s", "authors": [ { "pk": 4331, "first_name": "Sam", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Greenwood", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 1586, "first_name": "Jonathan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mound", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 4330, "first_name": "Chris", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Davies", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-1074-3815" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "SamThermal.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/25/download/48/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 26, "title": "Unequal anthropogenic enrichment of mercury in Earth’s northern and southern hemispheres", "abstract": "Remote northern (NH) and southern hemisphere (SH) lake sediment and peat records of mercury (Hg) deposition show a ×3 to ×5 Hg enrichment since pre-industrial times (<1880AD), leading to the common perception that global atmospheric Hg enrichment is moderate and uniform. Anthropogenic Hg emission in the NH is, however, approximately four times higher than in the SH. Here we reconstruct atmospheric Hg deposition to four remote SH peatlands and review sediment and peat Hg records from both hemispheres. We observe a ×4 enrichment in SH Hg deposition from pre-anthropogenic (<1450AD) to late 20th century periods, which is lower than the large ×16 all-time enrichment in NH Hg deposition. We attribute this difference to lower anthropogenic Hg emissions in the SH, and higher natural atmospheric SH Hg concentrations, supported by ×2 higher natural background Hg accumulation in SH peat records. We suggest that the higher SH natural Hg concentrations reflect the SH land-ocean distribution, with higher marine SH Hg emissions driven by transport of NH Hg to the SH by the Ocean conveyor belt. Our findings suggest that Hg background levels and anthropogenic enrichment in both hemispheres are different and must be taken into account in international Hg assessments and environmental policy.", "license": { "name": "Academic Free License (AFL) 3.0", "short_name": "AFL 3.0", "text": "Academic Free License (\"AFL\") v. 3.0\r\nThis Academic Free License (the \"License\") applies to any original work of authorship (the \"Original Work\") whose owner (the \"Licensor\") has placed the following licensing notice adjacent to the copyright notice for the Original Work:\r\n\r\nLicensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0\r\n\r\n1) Grant of Copyright License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, for the duration of the copyright, to do the following:\r\n\r\na) to reproduce the Original Work in copies, either alone or as part of a collective work;\r\n\r\nb) to translate, adapt, alter, transform, modify, or arrange the Original Work, thereby creating derivative works (\"Derivative Works\") based upon the Original Work;\r\n\r\nc) to distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work and Derivative Works to the public, under any license of your choice that does not contradict the terms and conditions, including Licensor's reserved rights and remedies, in this Academic Free License;\r\n\r\nd) to perform the Original Work publicly; and\r\n\r\ne) to display the Original Work publicly.\r\n\r\n2) Grant of Patent License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, under patent claims owned or controlled by the Licensor that are embodied in the Original Work as furnished by the Licensor, for the duration of the patents, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, and import the Original Work and Derivative Works.\r\n\r\n3) Grant of Source Code License. The term \"Source Code\" means the preferred form of the Original Work for making modifications to it and all available documentation describing how to modify the Original Work. Licensor agrees to provide a machine-readable copy of the Source Code of the Original Work along with each copy of the Original Work that Licensor distributes. Licensor reserves the right to satisfy this obligation by placing a machine-readable copy of the Source Code in an information repository reasonably calculated to permit inexpensive and convenient access by You for as long as Licensor continues to distribute the Original Work.\r\n\r\n4) Exclusions From License Grant. Neither the names of Licensor, nor the names of any contributors to the Original Work, nor any of their trademarks or service marks, may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this Original Work without express prior permission of the Licensor. Except as expressly stated herein, nothing in this License grants any license to Licensor's trademarks, copyrights, patents, trade secrets or any other intellectual property. No patent license is granted to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, or import embodiments of any patent claims other than the licensed claims defined in Section 2. No license is granted to the trademarks of Licensor even if such marks are included in the Original Work. Nothing in this License shall be interpreted to prohibit Licensor from licensing under terms different from this License any Original Work that Licensor otherwise would have a right to license.\r\n\r\n5) External Deployment. The term \"External Deployment\" means the use, distribution, or communication of the Original Work or Derivative Works in any way such that the Original Work or Derivative Works may be used by anyone other than You, whether those works are distributed or communicated to those persons or made available as an application intended for use over a network. As an express condition for the grants of license hereunder, You must treat any External Deployment by You of the Original Work or a Derivative Work as a distribution under section 1(c).\r\n\r\n6) Attribution Rights. You must retain, in the Source Code of any Derivative Works that You create, all copyright, patent, or trademark notices from the Source Code of the Original Work, as well as any notices of licensing and any descriptive text identified therein as an \"Attribution Notice.\" You must cause the Source Code for any Derivative Works that You create to carry a prominent Attribution Notice reasonably calculated to inform recipients that You have modified the Original Work.\r\n\r\n7) Warranty of Provenance and Disclaimer of Warranty. Licensor warrants that the copyright in and to the Original Work and the patent rights granted herein by Licensor are owned by the Licensor or are sublicensed to You under the terms of this License with the permission of the contributor(s) of those copyrights and patent rights. Except as expressly stated in the immediately preceding sentence, the Original Work is provided under this License on an \"AS IS\" BASIS and WITHOUT WARRANTY, either express or implied, including, without limitation, the warranties of non-infringement, merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY OF THE ORIGINAL WORK IS WITH YOU. This DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY constitutes an essential part of this License. No license to the Original Work is granted by this License except under this disclaimer.\r\n\r\n8) Limitation of Liability. Under no circumstances and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, shall the Licensor be liable to anyone for any indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or the use of the Original Work including, without limitation, damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses. This limitation of liability shall not apply to the extent applicable law prohibits such limitation.\r\n\r\n9) Acceptance and Termination. If, at any time, You expressly assented to this License, that assent indicates your clear and irrevocable acceptance of this License and all of its terms and conditions. If You distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work or a Derivative Work, You must make a reasonable effort under the circumstances to obtain the express assent of recipients to the terms of this License. This License conditions your rights to undertake the activities listed in Section 1, including your right to create Derivative Works based upon the Original Work, and doing so without honoring these terms and conditions is prohibited by copyright law and international treaty. Nothing in this License is intended to affect copyright exceptions and limitations (including \"fair use\" or \"fair dealing\"). This License shall terminate immediately and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License upon your failure to honor the conditions in Section 1(c).\r\n\r\n10) Termination for Patent Action. This License shall terminate automatically and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License as of the date You commence an action, including a cross-claim or counterclaim, against Licensor or any licensee alleging that the Original Work infringes a patent. This termination provision shall not apply for an action alleging patent infringement by combinations of the Original Work with other software or hardware.\r\n\r\n11) Jurisdiction, Venue and Governing Law. Any action or suit relating to this License may be brought only in the courts of a jurisdiction wherein the Licensor resides or in which Licensor conducts its primary business, and under the laws of that jurisdiction excluding its conflict-of-law provisions. The application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is expressly excluded. Any use of the Original Work outside the scope of this License or after its termination shall be subject to the requirements and penalties of copyright or patent law in the appropriate jurisdiction. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n12) Attorneys' Fees. In any action to enforce the terms of this License or seeking damages relating thereto, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover its costs and expenses, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and costs incurred in connection with such action, including any appeal of such action. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n13) Miscellaneous. If any provision of this License is held to be unenforceable, such provision shall be reformed only to the extent necessary to make it enforceable.\r\n\r\n14) Definition of \"You\" in This License. \"You\" throughout this License, whether in upper or lower case, means an individual or a legal entity exercising rights under, and complying with all of the terms of, this License. For legal entities, \"You\" includes any entity that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with you. For purposes of this definition, \"control\" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.\r\n\r\n15) Right to Use. You may use the Original Work in all ways not otherwise restricted or conditioned by this License or by law, and Licensor promises not to interfere with or be responsible for such uses by You.\r\n\r\n16) Modification of This License. This License is Copyright © 2005 Lawrence Rosen. Permission is granted to copy, distribute, or communicate this License without modification. Nothing in this License permits You to modify this License as applied to the Original Work or to Derivative Works. However, You may modify the text of this License and copy, distribute or communicate your modified version (the \"Modified License\") and apply it to other original works of authorship subject to the following conditions: (i) You may not indicate in any way that your Modified License is the \"Academic Free License\" or \"AFL\" and you may not use those names in the name of your Modified License; (ii) You must replace the notice specified in the first paragraph above with the notice \"Licensed under <insert your license name here>\" or with a notice of your own that is not confusingly similar to the notice in this License; and (iii) You may not claim that your original works are open source software unless your Modified License has been approved by Open Source Initiative (OSI) and You comply with its license review and certification process.", "url": "http://opensource.org/licenses/AFL-3.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "archive" }, { "word": "emission" }, { "word": "enrichment" }, { "word": "mercury" }, { "word": "peat" }, { "word": "sediment" }, { "word": "volcanic" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-08-13T11:32:18+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-16T21:50:18+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-16T21:50:18+02:00", "doi": "http://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.0c00220", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/OSF.IO/X7V4E", "authors": [ { "pk": 4276, "first_name": "Chuxian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "LI", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 4203, "first_name": "Jeroen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sonke", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0001-7146-3035" }, { "pk": 48, "first_name": "Gael", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Le Roux", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8772, "first_name": "Natalia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Piotrowska", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9652, "first_name": "Nathalie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Van der Putten", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10310, "first_name": "Stephen", "middle_name": "J", "last_name": "Roberts", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11007, "first_name": "Tom", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Daley", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11068, "first_name": "Emma", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rice", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11297, "first_name": "Roland", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gehrels", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10040, "first_name": "Maxime", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Enrico", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment" }, { "name": "Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Global Hg enrichment_Li et al_EarthArXiv preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/26/download/49/" }, { "original_filename": "Global Hg enrichment_Li et al_EarthArXiv preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/26/download/50/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/mc5t9", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 32, "title": "Use of geochemical and ecotoxicological approaches to evaluate sediment quality in differentially-contaminated, legally protected reserves along the coast of São Paulo State, Brazil", "abstract": "We compared sediment quality in estuaries at three locations along the coast of São Paulo State, Brazil, using geochemical analyses and whole sediment toxicity tests, performed during the southern winter and summer of 2013. Each locality is afforded a different degree of legal protection, and shows a distinct level of pollution: overall, Rio Diana (RD, most polluted, Permanent Protection Area) > Rio Itapanhaú (RI, intermediate contamination, Environmental Protection Area) > Rio Picinguaba (RP, pristine, State Park). Chronic sediment toxicity tests were performed by evaluating reproductive rates of the copepod Nitokra sp. RI sediments exhibited the highest metal concentrations and toxicity in both seasons. Metal concentrations for RD were low but toxic in summer. RP sediments were not contaminated, suggesting effective legal protection from pollution at this locality. RI and RD, although afforded mild legal protection, showed clear signs of environmental degradation, emphasizing the need for more effective pollution control.", "license": { "name": "CC0 1.0 Universal - Public Domain Dedication", "short_name": "CC0", "text": "Statement of Purpose\r\n\r\nThe laws of most jurisdictions throughout the world automatically confer exclusive Copyright and Related Rights (defined below) upon the creator and subsequent owner(s) (each and all, an \"owner\") of an original work of authorship and/or a database (each, a \"Work\").\r\n\r\nCertain owners wish to permanently relinquish those rights to a Work for the purpose of contributing to a commons of creative, cultural and scientific works (\"Commons\") that the public can reliably and without fear of later claims of infringement build upon, modify, incorporate in other works, reuse and redistribute as freely as possible in any form whatsoever and for any purposes, including without limitation commercial purposes. These owners may contribute to the Commons to promote the ideal of a free culture and the further production of creative, cultural and scientific works, or to gain reputation or greater distribution for their Work in part through the use and efforts of others.\r\n\r\nFor these and/or other purposes and motivations, and without any expectation of additional consideration or compensation, the person associating CC0 with a Work (the \"Affirmer\"), to the extent that he or she is an owner of Copyright and Related Rights in the Work, voluntarily elects to apply CC0 to the Work and publicly distribute the Work under its terms, with knowledge of his or her Copyright and Related Rights in the Work and the meaning and intended legal effect of CC0 on those rights.\r\n\r\n1. Copyright and Related Rights. A Work made available under CC0 may be protected by copyright and related or neighboring rights (\"Copyright and Related Rights\"). Copyright and Related Rights include, but are not limited to, the following:\r\n\r\nthe right to reproduce, adapt, distribute, perform, display, communicate, and translate a Work;\r\nmoral rights retained by the original author(s) and/or performer(s);\r\npublicity and privacy rights pertaining to a person's image or likeness depicted in a Work;\r\nrights protecting against unfair competition in regards to a Work, subject to the limitations in paragraph 4(a), below;\r\nrights protecting the extraction, dissemination, use and reuse of data in a Work;\r\ndatabase rights (such as those arising under Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, and under any national implementation thereof, including any amended or successor version of such directive); and\r\nother similar, equivalent or corresponding rights throughout the world based on applicable law or treaty, and any national implementations thereof.\r\n2. Waiver. To the greatest extent permitted by, but not in contravention of, applicable law, Affirmer hereby overtly, fully, permanently, irrevocably and unconditionally waives, abandons, and surrenders all of Affirmer's Copyright and Related Rights and associated claims and causes of action, whether now known or unknown (including existing as well as future claims and causes of action), in the Work (i) in all territories worldwide, (ii) for the maximum duration provided by applicable law or treaty (including future time extensions), (iii) in any current or future medium and for any number of copies, and (iv) for any purpose whatsoever, including without limitation commercial, advertising or promotional purposes (the \"Waiver\"). Affirmer makes the Waiver for the benefit of each member of the public at large and to the detriment of Affirmer's heirs and successors, fully intending that such Waiver shall not be subject to revocation, rescission, cancellation, termination, or any other legal or equitable action to disrupt the quiet enjoyment of the Work by the public as contemplated by Affirmer's express Statement of Purpose.\r\n\r\n3. Public License Fallback. Should any part of the Waiver for any reason be judged legally invalid or ineffective under applicable law, then the Waiver shall be preserved to the maximum extent permitted taking into account Affirmer's express Statement of Purpose. In addition, to the extent the Waiver is so judged Affirmer hereby grants to each affected person a royalty-free, non transferable, non sublicensable, non exclusive, irrevocable and unconditional license to exercise Affirmer's Copyright and Related Rights in the Work (i) in all territories worldwide, (ii) for the maximum duration provided by applicable law or treaty (including future time extensions), (iii) in any current or future medium and for any number of copies, and (iv) for any purpose whatsoever, including without limitation commercial, advertising or promotional purposes (the \"License\"). The License shall be deemed effective as of the date CC0 was applied by Affirmer to the Work. Should any part of the License for any reason be judged legally invalid or ineffective under applicable law, such partial invalidity or ineffectiveness shall not invalidate the remainder of the License, and in such case Affirmer hereby affirms that he or she will not (i) exercise any of his or her remaining Copyright and Related Rights in the Work or (ii) assert any associated claims and causes of action with respect to the Work, in either case contrary to Affirmer's express Statement of Purpose.\r\n\r\n4. Limitations and Disclaimers.\r\n\r\nNo trademark or patent rights held by Affirmer are waived, abandoned, surrendered, licensed or otherwise affected by this document.\r\nAffirmer offers the Work as-is and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Work, express, implied, statutory or otherwise, including without limitation warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non infringement, or the absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the present or absence of errors, whether or not discoverable, all to the greatest extent permissible under applicable law.\r\nAffirmer disclaims responsibility for clearing rights of other persons that may apply to the Work or any use thereof, including without limitation any person's Copyright and Related Rights in the Work. Further, Affirmer disclaims responsibility for obtaining any necessary consents, permissions or other rights required for any use of the Work.\r\nAffirmer understands and acknowledges that Creative Commons is not a party to this document and has no duty or obligation with respect to this CC0 or use of the Work.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "differential contamination" }, { "word": "geochemical and toxicity analyses" }, { "word": "legally protected reserves" }, { "word": "São Paulo State coast" }, { "word": "sediment quality" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-08-11T00:01:44+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-18T18:21:00+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-18T18:21:00+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/4ckpg", "authors": [ { "pk": 14023, "first_name": "Mariana", "middle_name": "Vellosa", "last_name": "Capparelli", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 63, "first_name": "John", "middle_name": "Campbell", "last_name": "McNamara", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7813, "first_name": "Giuliana", "middle_name": "Seraphim", "last_name": "Araujo", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8931, "first_name": "Ana", "middle_name": "Carolina Feitosa", "last_name": "Cruz", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9766, "first_name": "Denis", "middle_name": "Moledo", "last_name": "Abessa", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Life Sciences" }, { "name": "Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health" }, { "name": "Toxicology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "BECT sediment quality final formatted r.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/32/download/62/" }, { "original_filename": "BECT Sediment quality final formatted.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/32/download/63/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/bx3s8", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 27, "title": "The 23 June 2020, Mw 7.4 La Crucecita, Oaxaca, Mexico earthquake and tsunami: A Rapid Response Field Survey during COVID-19 crisis", "abstract": "The 23 June 2020 La Crucecita earthquake occurred at 10:29 hr on the coast of Oaxaca in a Mw 7.4 megathrust event at 22.6 km depth, and triggered a tsunami recorded at Huatulco and Salina Cruz tide gauge stations and a DART off the coast of Mexico. Immediately after the earthquake, a rapid response effort was coordinated by members of the Tsunami and Paleoseismology Laboratory UNAM, despite the challenges by the 23 June 2020 La Crucecita earthquake, a post-earthquake and post-tsunami field survey went ahead 2 days after the event. We describe here details of the rapid response survey focusing on evidence of vertical coseismic deformation, tsunami, geologic effects, and lessons from working in the field during the COVID-19 crisis. We surveyed 44 km along the coast of Oaxaca focusing on preselected sites. Because of COVID-19 pandemic, some local communities enforced rules of confinement. We solved most of the challenges faced during this crisis by rapid networking with local organizations prior to surveying. We assessed coseismic uplift by means of mortality caused by vertical displacement of intertidal organisms and resurveying of bench marks, and measured tsunami runup using a laser ranger and GPS. Our results show coastal uplift of 0.53 m near the epicenter, decreasing farther away from it, and up to 0.8 m, the latest related to exposure of the coast. Our values of coastal uplift, ca. 0.53 m near the epicenter, fit well with 0.55 m of uplift reported by tide gauge data at Huatulco. Coastal uplift and low tide at the time of the event limited the tsunami inundation and runup on the Oaxaca coast. Nevertheless, we found tsunami inundation evidence at four confined coastal sites reaching a maximum runup of 1.5 m. The enclosed morphology of these sites determined higher runup and tsunami inundation . Local coastal morphology effects are not detected in tsunami models lacking detailed bathymetry and topography. This issue needs to be addressed during tsunami hazard assessments.", "license": { "name": "Academic Free License (AFL) 3.0", "short_name": "AFL 3.0", "text": "Academic Free License (\"AFL\") v. 3.0\r\nThis Academic Free License (the \"License\") applies to any original work of authorship (the \"Original Work\") whose owner (the \"Licensor\") has placed the following licensing notice adjacent to the copyright notice for the Original Work:\r\n\r\nLicensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0\r\n\r\n1) Grant of Copyright License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, for the duration of the copyright, to do the following:\r\n\r\na) to reproduce the Original Work in copies, either alone or as part of a collective work;\r\n\r\nb) to translate, adapt, alter, transform, modify, or arrange the Original Work, thereby creating derivative works (\"Derivative Works\") based upon the Original Work;\r\n\r\nc) to distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work and Derivative Works to the public, under any license of your choice that does not contradict the terms and conditions, including Licensor's reserved rights and remedies, in this Academic Free License;\r\n\r\nd) to perform the Original Work publicly; and\r\n\r\ne) to display the Original Work publicly.\r\n\r\n2) Grant of Patent License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, under patent claims owned or controlled by the Licensor that are embodied in the Original Work as furnished by the Licensor, for the duration of the patents, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, and import the Original Work and Derivative Works.\r\n\r\n3) Grant of Source Code License. The term \"Source Code\" means the preferred form of the Original Work for making modifications to it and all available documentation describing how to modify the Original Work. Licensor agrees to provide a machine-readable copy of the Source Code of the Original Work along with each copy of the Original Work that Licensor distributes. Licensor reserves the right to satisfy this obligation by placing a machine-readable copy of the Source Code in an information repository reasonably calculated to permit inexpensive and convenient access by You for as long as Licensor continues to distribute the Original Work.\r\n\r\n4) Exclusions From License Grant. Neither the names of Licensor, nor the names of any contributors to the Original Work, nor any of their trademarks or service marks, may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this Original Work without express prior permission of the Licensor. Except as expressly stated herein, nothing in this License grants any license to Licensor's trademarks, copyrights, patents, trade secrets or any other intellectual property. No patent license is granted to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, or import embodiments of any patent claims other than the licensed claims defined in Section 2. No license is granted to the trademarks of Licensor even if such marks are included in the Original Work. Nothing in this License shall be interpreted to prohibit Licensor from licensing under terms different from this License any Original Work that Licensor otherwise would have a right to license.\r\n\r\n5) External Deployment. The term \"External Deployment\" means the use, distribution, or communication of the Original Work or Derivative Works in any way such that the Original Work or Derivative Works may be used by anyone other than You, whether those works are distributed or communicated to those persons or made available as an application intended for use over a network. As an express condition for the grants of license hereunder, You must treat any External Deployment by You of the Original Work or a Derivative Work as a distribution under section 1(c).\r\n\r\n6) Attribution Rights. You must retain, in the Source Code of any Derivative Works that You create, all copyright, patent, or trademark notices from the Source Code of the Original Work, as well as any notices of licensing and any descriptive text identified therein as an \"Attribution Notice.\" You must cause the Source Code for any Derivative Works that You create to carry a prominent Attribution Notice reasonably calculated to inform recipients that You have modified the Original Work.\r\n\r\n7) Warranty of Provenance and Disclaimer of Warranty. Licensor warrants that the copyright in and to the Original Work and the patent rights granted herein by Licensor are owned by the Licensor or are sublicensed to You under the terms of this License with the permission of the contributor(s) of those copyrights and patent rights. Except as expressly stated in the immediately preceding sentence, the Original Work is provided under this License on an \"AS IS\" BASIS and WITHOUT WARRANTY, either express or implied, including, without limitation, the warranties of non-infringement, merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY OF THE ORIGINAL WORK IS WITH YOU. This DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY constitutes an essential part of this License. No license to the Original Work is granted by this License except under this disclaimer.\r\n\r\n8) Limitation of Liability. Under no circumstances and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, shall the Licensor be liable to anyone for any indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or the use of the Original Work including, without limitation, damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses. This limitation of liability shall not apply to the extent applicable law prohibits such limitation.\r\n\r\n9) Acceptance and Termination. If, at any time, You expressly assented to this License, that assent indicates your clear and irrevocable acceptance of this License and all of its terms and conditions. If You distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work or a Derivative Work, You must make a reasonable effort under the circumstances to obtain the express assent of recipients to the terms of this License. This License conditions your rights to undertake the activities listed in Section 1, including your right to create Derivative Works based upon the Original Work, and doing so without honoring these terms and conditions is prohibited by copyright law and international treaty. Nothing in this License is intended to affect copyright exceptions and limitations (including \"fair use\" or \"fair dealing\"). This License shall terminate immediately and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License upon your failure to honor the conditions in Section 1(c).\r\n\r\n10) Termination for Patent Action. This License shall terminate automatically and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License as of the date You commence an action, including a cross-claim or counterclaim, against Licensor or any licensee alleging that the Original Work infringes a patent. This termination provision shall not apply for an action alleging patent infringement by combinations of the Original Work with other software or hardware.\r\n\r\n11) Jurisdiction, Venue and Governing Law. Any action or suit relating to this License may be brought only in the courts of a jurisdiction wherein the Licensor resides or in which Licensor conducts its primary business, and under the laws of that jurisdiction excluding its conflict-of-law provisions. The application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is expressly excluded. Any use of the Original Work outside the scope of this License or after its termination shall be subject to the requirements and penalties of copyright or patent law in the appropriate jurisdiction. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n12) Attorneys' Fees. In any action to enforce the terms of this License or seeking damages relating thereto, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover its costs and expenses, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and costs incurred in connection with such action, including any appeal of such action. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n13) Miscellaneous. If any provision of this License is held to be unenforceable, such provision shall be reformed only to the extent necessary to make it enforceable.\r\n\r\n14) Definition of \"You\" in This License. \"You\" throughout this License, whether in upper or lower case, means an individual or a legal entity exercising rights under, and complying with all of the terms of, this License. For legal entities, \"You\" includes any entity that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with you. For purposes of this definition, \"control\" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.\r\n\r\n15) Right to Use. You may use the Original Work in all ways not otherwise restricted or conditioned by this License or by law, and Licensor promises not to interfere with or be responsible for such uses by You.\r\n\r\n16) Modification of This License. This License is Copyright © 2005 Lawrence Rosen. Permission is granted to copy, distribute, or communicate this License without modification. Nothing in this License permits You to modify this License as applied to the Original Work or to Derivative Works. However, You may modify the text of this License and copy, distribute or communicate your modified version (the \"Modified License\") and apply it to other original works of authorship subject to the following conditions: (i) You may not indicate in any way that your Modified License is the \"Academic Free License\" or \"AFL\" and you may not use those names in the name of your Modified License; (ii) You must replace the notice specified in the first paragraph above with the notice \"Licensed under <insert your license name here>\" or with a notice of your own that is not confusingly similar to the notice in this License; and (iii) You may not claim that your original works are open source software unless your Modified License has been approved by Open Source Initiative (OSI) and You comply with its license review and certification process.", "url": "http://opensource.org/licenses/AFL-3.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "23 June 2020 La Crucecita earthquake" }, { "word": "Coastal morphology effects" }, { "word": "Coastal uplift" }, { "word": "Rapid Response during COVID-19 crisis" }, { "word": "tsunami" }, { "word": "Tsunami Hazard" }, { "word": "Tsunami Runup" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-08-13T04:10:45+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-19T05:47:23+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-19T05:47:23+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/fj3w4", "authors": [ { "pk": 50, "first_name": "Maria Teresa", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ramirez-Herrera", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 51, "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Romero", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7670, "first_name": "Néstor", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Corona", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8811, "first_name": "Héctor", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Nava", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9680, "first_name": "Hamblet", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Torija", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10333, "first_name": "Felipe", "middle_name": "Hernández", "last_name": "Maguey", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Other Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "SRL_postSurvey_290720rev1-PREPRINT.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/27/download/51/" }, { "original_filename": "SRL_postSurvey_290720rev1-PREPRINT.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/27/download/52/" }, { "original_filename": "SRL_postSurvey_290720rev1-PREPRINT.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/27/download/53/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 28, "title": "A data-driven approach for characterizing community scale air pollution exposure disparities in inland Southern California", "abstract": "This study elucidates PM2.5 exposure disparities in a socioeconomically diverse air basin that is heavily burdened by air pollution. A novel spatial clustering approach is applied to classify the microenvironments of more than 900,000 high temporal resolution personal exposure data points. Results from the study indicate that participants from the lowest socioeconomic status community experienced overall higher personal exposures over consecutive 24-hr monitoring periods, despite high participant mobility and low variability in ambient PM2.5 during the study. Our inclusive monitoring protocol minimizes participant fatigue and is well-suited for real-time, long-term characterization of PM2.5 exposure disparities in underserved communities.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "air pollution" }, { "word": "environmental exposure" }, { "word": "GIS" }, { "word": "personal exposure" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-08-12T20:44:44+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-16T21:51:40+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-16T21:51:40+02:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2020.105704", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/OSF.IO/ZW5N4", "authors": [ { "pk": 5549, "first_name": "Khanh", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Do", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6452, "first_name": "Haofei", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yu", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7698, "first_name": "Jasmin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Velasquez", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8835, "first_name": "Marilyn", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Grell-Brisk", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9694, "first_name": "Heather", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Smith", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 2039, "first_name": "Cesunica", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ivey", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": "0000-0002-4740-2627" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering" }, { "name": "Engineering" }, { "name": "Environmental Engineering" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Manuscript_PersonalExposure_eartharXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/28/download/54/" }, { "original_filename": "Manuscript_PersonalExposure_JAS.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/28/download/55/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/78uw5", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 29, "title": "Identifying landslides from continuous seismic surface waves: a case study of multiple small-scale landslides triggered by Typhoon Talas, 2011", "abstract": "Landslides can cause devastating damage. In particular, heavy rainfall-triggered landslides pose a chain of natural hazards. However, such events are often difficult to detect, leaving the physical processes poorly understood. Here we apply a novel surface-wave detector to detect and locate landslides during the transit of Typhoon Talas 2011. We identify multiple landslides triggered by Typhoon Talas, including a landslide in the Tenryu Ward, Shizuoka prefecture, Japan, ~400 km east from the typhoon track. The Tenryu landslide displaced a total volume of 1.2–1.5 x 10^6 m^3. The landslide is much smaller than those detected by using globally recorded surface waves, yet the event generated coherent seismic signals propagating up to 3000 km away. Our observations show that attributes of small and large landslides may follow the same empirical scaling relationships, indicating possible invariant failure mechanisms. Our results also suggest an alerting technology to detect and locate landslides with a sparse seismic network.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Inversion" }, { "word": "Landslides" }, { "word": "Seismology" }, { "word": "Surface waves" }, { "word": "Tropical cyclon" }, { "word": "Typhoon" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-08-12T18:25:38+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-16T21:49:46+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-16T21:49:46+02:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab129", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/OSF.IO/3CXQZ", "authors": [ { "pk": 1644, "first_name": "Ryo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Okuwaki", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0001-7149-4763" }, { "pk": 6076, "first_name": "Wenyuan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Fan", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7731, "first_name": "Masumi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yamada", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8861, "first_name": "Hikaru", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Osawa", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 54, "first_name": "Tim", "middle_name": "J.", "last_name": "Wright", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "2020_ROWFMYHOTW_Triad.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/29/download/56/" }, { "original_filename": "2020_ROWFMYHOTW_Triad_R1.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/29/download/3809/" }, { "original_filename": "ROWFMYHOTWtriadTalas.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/29/download/4207/" }, { "original_filename": "ROWFMYHOTWtriadTalas.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/29/download/4579/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/fqbm7", "label": "Supplementary material" }, { "url": "https://doi.org/10.17598/nied.0005", "label": "Public data" }, { "url": "https://doi.org/10.17598/nied.0003", "label": "Public data" }, { "url": "https://ds.iris.edu/ds/nodes/dmc/", "label": "Public data" }, { "url": "https://ds.iris.edu/ds/products/infrasound-aeluma/", "label": "Public data" }, { "url": "https://doi.org/10.17611/DP/SYNGINE.1", "label": "Public data" }, { "url": "https://www.data.jma.go.jp/fcd/yoho/typhoon/route_map/index.html", "label": "Public data" }, { "url": "https://www.data.jma.go.jp/gmd/risk/obsdl/index.php", "label": "Public data" }, { "url": "https://fgd.gsi.go.jp/download/menu.php", "label": "Public data" } ] }, { "pk": 30, "title": "A Statistical Evaluation of WRF-LES Trace Gas Dispersion Using Project Prairie Grass Measurements", "abstract": "In recent years, new measurement systems have been deployed to monitor and quantify methane emissions from the natural gas sector. Large-eddy simulation (LES) has complemented measurement campaigns by serving as a controlled environment in which to study plume dynamics and sampling strategies. However, with few comparisons to controlled-release experiments, the accuracy of LES for modeling natural gas emissions is poorly characterized. In this paper, we evaluate LES from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model against measurements from the Project Prairie Grass campaign, surface layer similarity theory, and the Gaussian Plume Model. Using WRF-LES, we simulate continuous emissions from an ensemble of 30 near-surface trace gas sources in two stability regimes: strong and weak convection. We examine the impact of grid resolutions ranging from 6.25 m to 52 m in the horizontal dimension on model performance. We evaluate performance in a statistical framework, calculating fractional bias and conducting Welchs t-tests. WRF-LES accurately simulates observed surface concentrations at 100 m and beyond under strong convection; the magnitude of factional bias is less than 30% for the moderate- and fine-resolution simulations. However, in weakly convective conditions with strong winds, WRF-LES substantially overpredicts concentrations – the magnitude of fractional bias often exceeds 30%, and all but one t-test fails. Despite the good performance of dispersion in the strongly convective atmosphere, we find that both the strongly and weakly convective boundary layers disagree with empirical wind and temperature Monin-Obukhov similarity theory profiles that are often used to evaluate LES within the atmospheric surface layer.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Dispersion" }, { "word": "Large eddy simulation" }, { "word": "Natural gas" }, { "word": "WRF" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-08-12T16:17:32+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-17T13:03:03+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-17T13:03:03+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/uevsx", "authors": [ { "pk": 1717, "first_name": "Alex", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rybchuk", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": "0000-0003-4433-3993" }, { "pk": 6513, "first_name": "Caroline", "middle_name": "B.", "last_name": "Alden", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7755, "first_name": "Julie", "middle_name": "K.", "last_name": "Lundquist", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8880, "first_name": "Gregory", "middle_name": "B.", "last_name": "Rieker", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Atmospheric Sciences" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "wrf_ppg_EarthArXiV.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/30/download/57/" }, { "original_filename": "wrf_ppg.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/30/download/58/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3909881", "label": "Public data" } ] }, { "pk": 31, "title": "Diversity Crisis in UK Geoscience Research Training", "abstract": "Geoscientists have a key role to play in the great challenges of the 21st Century, but solving these problems requires diverse collaborations and engagement with stakeholders from all backgrounds, both in the fundamental science and its implementation. How can we break down the barriers that have made Geoscience amongst the worst for racial minority representation and make our discipline equitable?", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Bias" }, { "word": "Diversity" }, { "word": "Equality" }, { "word": "Geography" }, { "word": "Geology" }, { "word": "Inclusion" }, { "word": "Minorities" }, { "word": "Postgraduate" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-08-11T11:36:12+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-17T12:54:07+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-17T12:54:07+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/z4cju", "authors": [ { "pk": 1648, "first_name": "Natasha", "middle_name": "Joanne", "last_name": "Dowey", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-9231-4781" }, { "pk": 17344, "first_name": "Jenni", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Barclay", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 3502, "first_name": "Benjamin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Fernando", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0002-7321-8401" }, { "pk": 4971, "first_name": "Sam", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Giles", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 17347, "first_name": "Jacqueline", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Houghton", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 1573, "first_name": "Christopher", "middle_name": "Aiden-Lee", "last_name": "Jackson", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": "0000-0002-8592-9032" }, { "pk": 60, "first_name": "Keely", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mills", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11104, "first_name": "Alicia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Newton", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 1747, "first_name": "Steven", "middle_name": "Leslie", "last_name": "Rogers", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 1656, "first_name": "Rebecca", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Williams", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-8203-9982" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Dowey_et_al_2020_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/31/download/59/" }, { "original_filename": "Dowey_et_al_2020.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/31/download/60/" }, { "original_filename": "Dowey_et_al_2020.docx", "mime_type": "application/msword", "download_url": "/repository/object/31/download/61/" }, { "original_filename": "Dowey_et_al_2020_v2_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/31/download/3651/" }, { "original_filename": "Dowey_et_al_2020_v2_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/31/download/3692/" }, { "original_filename": "Dowey_et_al_2021_preprint_v3.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/31/download/4285/" }, { "original_filename": "Dowey_et_al_2021_author_accepted_manuscript.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/31/download/4767/" }, { "original_filename": "Dowey_et_al_2021_author_accepted_manuscript.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/31/download/4768/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://www.hesa.ac.uk/data-and-analysis/students", "label": "Public data" }, { "url": "https://www.hesa.ac.uk/data-and-analysis/staff", "label": "Public data" } ] }, { "pk": 61, "title": "Overview of recent land cover changes in the biodiversity hotspots", "abstract": "Biodiversity hotspots are the most biologically rich, yet threatened, terrestrial regions. From 1992 to 2015, they underwent 148 Mha of land cover changes, including forest losses (56 Mha, of which 40 Mha caused by agricultural expansion), declines of shrubland or savannah (23 Mha), and urbanization (10 Mha). The three largest losses in forest areas occurred in Sundaland, Indo-Burma, and Mesoamerica, accounting for 11 Mha, 6 Mha, and 5 Mha, respectively. This corresponds to a relative loss of 13%, 6%, and 7%, respectively, of the forest area originally present in 1992. Forest losses are also observed inside protected areas within the biodiversity hotspots. About 4.5 Mha of forests were lost between 2000 and 2015, and around 1 Mha of losses happened in the relatively recent past (between 2010 and 2015). Stricter and more effective land-based policies are needed to preserve threatened ecosystems and prevent risks of massive species extinction.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "agriculture" }, { "word": "biodiversity" }, { "word": "biodiversity hotspot" }, { "word": "forest" }, { "word": "land cover change" }, { "word": "land use" }, { "word": "nature conservation" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-07-23T10:27:58+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-07-26T21:25:32+02:00", "date_published": "2020-07-26T21:25:32+02:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2276", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/4rwda", "authors": [ { "pk": 112, "first_name": "Xiangping", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hu", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 113, "first_name": "Bo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Huang", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 114, "first_name": "Francesca", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Verones", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8394, "first_name": "Otavio", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cavalett", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 115, "first_name": "Francesco", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cherubini", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Natural Resources and Conservation" }, { "name": "Natural Resources Management and Policy" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Sustainability" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Main_text.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/61/download/108/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/twr7h", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 33, "title": "Three-Station Interferometry and Tomography: Coda vs. Direct Waves", "abstract": "Traditional two-station ambient noise interferometry estimates the Greens function between a pair of synchronously deployed seismic stations. Three-station interferometry considers records observed three stations at a time, where two of the stations are considered receiver-stations and the third is a source-station. Cross-correlations between records at the source-station with each of the receiver-stations are correlated or convolved again to estimate the Greens function between the receiver-stations, which may be deployed asynchronously. We use data from the EarthScope USArray in the western US to compare Rayleigh wave dispersion obtained from two-station and three-station interferometry. Three three-station interferometric methods are distinguished by the data segment utilized (coda-wave or direct-wave) and whether the source-stations are constrained to lie in stationary phase zones approximately inline with the receiver-stations. The primary finding is that the three-station direct wave methods perform considerably better than the three-station coda-wave method and two-station ambient noise interferometry for obtaining surface wave dispersion measurements in terms of signal-to-noise ratio, bandwidth, and the number of measurements obtained, but possess small biases relative to two-station interferometry. We present a ray-theoretic correction method that largely removes the bias below 40~s period and reduces it at longer periods. Three-station direct-wave interferometry provides substantial value for imaging the crust and uppermost mantle, and its ability to bridge asynchronously deployed stations may impact the design of seismic networks in the future.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "seismic noise" }, { "word": "Coda waves" }, { "word": "Seismic interferometry" }, { "word": "Seismic tomography" }, { "word": "Structure of the Earth" }, { "word": "Surface waves and free oscillations" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-08-10T17:47:22+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-16T21:49:24+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-16T21:49:24+02:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa046", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/6gw27", "authors": [ { "pk": 1584, "first_name": "Shane", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zhang", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0001-6042-177X" }, { "pk": 4362, "first_name": "Lili", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Feng", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-8690-0581" }, { "pk": 7839, "first_name": "Michael", "middle_name": "H.", "last_name": "Ritzwoller", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Zhang_etal_2020.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/33/download/64/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://github.com/NoiseCIEI/ThreeStation", "label": "Public data" } ] }, { "pk": 34, "title": "Transportation Network Vulnerability and Accessibility for Critical Amenities during Flooding: A Case Study for Iowa", "abstract": "Natural disasters, such as flooding, can cause severe social, environmental, and economic damage to a community. Transportation infrastructure plays an essential role in flood response and recovery efforts. However, flooding may disturb road functionality and generate direct and indirect adverse impacts, including the loss of access to essential services. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of flood impacts on road network topology and accessibility to amenities for major communities in the State of Iowa using graph-theoretic methods, including single-source shortest path analyses. We assessed the disruption of transportation networks on the accessibility to critical amenities (e.g., hospitals) under 100 and 500-year flood scenarios. Our analysis methodology leads toward the development of an integrated real-time decision support system that will allow decision-makers to explore “what if” flood scenarios to identify vulnerable areas and population in their authority. Due to varying environmental conditions at specific locations and effects on road topology under flood events, the results show differential impacts in edge and node losses as well as access to critical services. Results indicate that floods can lead to edge losses of up to 18%, and not only large cities but also some small cities can experience significant vulnerability to flooding. Some new or reconstructed bridges have failed to operate during analyzed flood events. Many critical amenities have been found at risk of flooding in the studied cities.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "accessibility" }, { "word": "flood resilience" }, { "word": "location allocation" }, { "word": "real-time analytics" }, { "word": "Transportation vulnerability" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-08-10T17:33:25+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-16T21:42:53+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-16T21:42:53+02:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148476", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/2yha5", "authors": [ { "pk": 4183, "first_name": "Yazeed", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Alabbad", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5888, "first_name": "Jerry", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mount", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7854, "first_name": "Ann", "middle_name": "Melissa", "last_name": "Campbell", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 3764, "first_name": "Ibrahim", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Demir", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering" }, { "name": "Civil Engineering" }, { "name": "Engineering" }, { "name": "Environmental Engineering" }, { "name": "Hydraulic Engineering" }, { "name": "Other Civil and Environmental Engineering" }, { "name": "Risk Analysis" }, { "name": "Transportation Engineering" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "analysis_paper.EarthArXiv_ID.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/34/download/65/" }, { "original_filename": "analysis_paper.EarthArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/34/download/66/" }, { "original_filename": "Iowa_routing_analysis_EarthArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/34/download/4593/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://iowafloodcenter.org/", "label": "Public data" }, { "url": "https://geodata.iowa.gov/", "label": "Public data" }, { "url": "https://iowadot.gov/", "label": "Public data" }, { "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/", "label": "Public data" }, { "url": "http://www.geotree.uni.edu/lidar/", "label": "Public data" }, { "url": "https://www.esri.com/en-us/arcgis/products/arcgis-business-analyst/overview", "label": "Public data" } ] }, { "pk": 35, "title": "Fernandes and Roberts (2020) - preprint", "abstract": "There are many geoscience problems for which constraining histories of uplift or subsidence of Earth’s surface is of direct or indirect importance, for example reconstructing tectonics, mantle convection, geomorphology, sedimentary and chemical flux, biodiversity, glacio-eustasy and climate change. The least equivocal constraints on timing and amplitude of vertical motions on geological timescales come from the distribution of rock formed in shallow marine environments. However, obtaining enough observations at sufficiently large spatial and temporal scales (~100−10, 000 km, ~ 1−100 Ma) to constrain histories of regional topographic evolution remains challenging. To address this issue we adapted modern inventories of paleobiological and paleoenvironmental data to generate a new compilation of > 24, 000 spot measurements of uplift on all continents and numerous ocean islands. Uncertainties associated with paleobathymetry, post-deposition compaction and glacio-eustasy are assessed. The compilation provides self-consistent, and, in places, high-resolution (< 100 km length-scale, < 1 Ma), measurements of Cretaceous to Recent (post-deposition) net uplift across significant tracts of most continents. To illustrate how the database can be used, records from western North America and eastern South America are combined with geophysical observations (e.g., free-air gravity, shear and Pn-wave tomography) and simple isostatic calculations to determine origins of topography. We explore how lithospheric thinning and mantle thermal anomalies may generate uplift of the observed wavelengths and amplitudes. The results emphasize the importance of large inventories of paleobiological data for understanding histories of tectonic and mantle convective processes, and consequently, landscapes, climate and the environment.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public\r\nLicenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change\r\nfree software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.\r\n\r\n This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some\r\nspecially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the\r\nFree Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You\r\ncan use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether\r\nthis license or the ordinary General Public License is the better\r\nstrategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.\r\n\r\n When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,\r\nnot price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that\r\nyou have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge\r\nfor this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get\r\nit if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of\r\nit in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do\r\nthese things.\r\n\r\n To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid\r\ndistributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these\r\nrights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for\r\nyou if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.\r\n\r\n For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis\r\nor for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave\r\nyou. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source\r\ncode. If you link other code with the library, you must provide\r\ncomplete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them\r\nwith the library after making changes to the library and recompiling\r\nit. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.\r\n\r\n We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the\r\nlibrary, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal\r\npermission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.\r\n\r\n To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that\r\nthere is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is\r\nmodified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know\r\nthat what they have is not the original version, so that the original\r\nauthor's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be\r\nintroduced by others.\r\n\f\r\n Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of\r\nany free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot\r\neffectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a\r\nrestrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that\r\nany patent license obtained for a version of the library must be\r\nconsistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license.\r\n\r\n Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser\r\nGeneral Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and\r\nis quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use\r\nthis license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those\r\nlibraries into non-free programs.\r\n\r\n When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using\r\na shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a\r\ncombined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary\r\nGeneral Public License therefore permits such linking only if the\r\nentire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General\r\nPublic License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with\r\nthe library.\r\n\r\n We call this license the \"Lesser\" General Public License because it\r\ndoes Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General\r\nPublic License. It also provides other free software developers Less\r\nof an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages\r\nare the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many\r\nlibraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain\r\nspecial circumstances.\r\n\r\n For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to\r\nencourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes\r\na de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be\r\nallowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free\r\nlibrary does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this\r\ncase, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free\r\nsoftware only, so we use the Lesser General Public License.\r\n\r\n In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free\r\nprograms enables a greater number of people to use a large body of\r\nfree software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in\r\nnon-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU\r\noperating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating\r\nsystem.\r\n\r\n Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the\r\nusers' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is\r\nlinked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run\r\nthat program using a modified version of the Library.\r\n\r\n The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and\r\nmodification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a\r\n\"work based on the library\" and a \"work that uses the library\". The\r\nformer contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must\r\nbe combined with the library in order to run.\r\n\f\r\n GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION\r\n\r\n 0. This License Agreement applies to any software library or other\r\nprogram which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or\r\nother authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of\r\nthis Lesser General Public License (also called \"this License\").\r\nEach licensee is addressed as \"you\".\r\n\r\n A \"library\" means a collection of software functions and/or data\r\nprepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs\r\n(which use some of those functions and data) to form executables.\r\n\r\n The \"Library\", below, refers to any such software library or work\r\nwhich has been distributed under these terms. A \"work based on the\r\nLibrary\" means either the Library or any derivative work under\r\ncopyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a\r\nportion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated\r\nstraightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is\r\nincluded without limitation in the term \"modification\".)\r\n\r\n \"Source code\" for a work means the preferred form of the work for\r\nmaking modifications to it. For a library, complete source code means\r\nall the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated\r\ninterface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation\r\nand installation of the library.\r\n\r\n Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not\r\ncovered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of\r\nrunning a program using the Library is not restricted, and output from\r\nsuch a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based\r\non the Library (independent of the use of the Library in a tool for\r\nwriting it). Whether that is true depends on what the Library does\r\nand what the program that uses the Library does.\r\n\r\n 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's\r\ncomplete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that\r\nyou conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an\r\nappropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact\r\nall the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any\r\nwarranty; and distribute a copy of this License along with the\r\nLibrary.\r\n\r\n You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,\r\nand you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a\r\nfee.\r\n\f\r\n 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion\r\nof it, thus forming a work based on the Library, and copy and\r\ndistribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1\r\nabove, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:\r\n\r\n a) The modified work must itself be a software library.\r\n\r\n b) You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices\r\n stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.\r\n\r\n c) You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no\r\n charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.\r\n\r\n d) If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a\r\n table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses\r\n the facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility\r\n is invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that,\r\n in the event an application does not supply such function or\r\n table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of\r\n its purpose remains meaningful.\r\n\r\n (For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has\r\n a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the\r\n application. Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any\r\n application-supplied function or table used by this function must\r\n be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square\r\n root function must still compute square roots.)\r\n\r\nThese requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If\r\nidentifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library,\r\nand can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in\r\nthemselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those\r\nsections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you\r\ndistribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based\r\non the Library, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of\r\nthis License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the\r\nentire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote\r\nit.\r\n\r\nThus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest\r\nyour rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to\r\nexercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or\r\ncollective works based on the Library.\r\n\r\nIn addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library\r\nwith the Library (or with a work based on the Library) on a volume of\r\na storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under\r\nthe scope of this License.\r\n\r\n 3. You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public\r\nLicense instead of this License to a given copy of the Library. To do\r\nthis, you must alter all the notices that refer to this License, so\r\nthat they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License, version 2,\r\ninstead of to this License. (If a newer version than version 2 of the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License has appeared, then you can specify\r\nthat version instead if you wish.) Do not make any other change in\r\nthese notices.\r\n\f\r\n Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for\r\nthat copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all\r\nsubsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy.\r\n\r\n This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of\r\nthe Library into a program that is not a library.\r\n\r\n 4. You may copy and distribute the Library (or a portion or\r\nderivative of it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form\r\nunder the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany\r\nit with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which\r\nmust be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a\r\nmedium customarily used for software interchange.\r\n\r\n If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy\r\nfrom a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the\r\nsource code from the same place satisfies the requirement to\r\ndistribute the source code, even though third parties are not\r\ncompelled to copy the source along with the object code.\r\n\r\n 5. A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the\r\nLibrary, but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled or\r\nlinked with it, is called a \"work that uses the Library\". Such a\r\nwork, in isolation, is not a derivative work of the Library, and\r\ntherefore falls outside the scope of this License.\r\n\r\n However, linking a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library\r\ncreates an executable that is a derivative of the Library (because it\r\ncontains portions of the Library), rather than a \"work that uses the\r\nlibrary\". The executable is therefore covered by this License.\r\nSection 6 states terms for distribution of such executables.\r\n\r\n When a \"work that uses the Library\" uses material from a header file\r\nthat is part of the Library, the object code for the work may be a\r\nderivative work of the Library even though the source code is not.\r\nWhether this is true is especially significant if the work can be\r\nlinked without the Library, or if the work is itself a library. The\r\nthreshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law.\r\n\r\n If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data\r\nstructure layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline\r\nfunctions (ten lines or less in length), then the use of the object\r\nfile is unrestricted, regardless of whether it is legally a derivative\r\nwork. (Executables containing this object code plus portions of the\r\nLibrary will still fall under Section 6.)\r\n\r\n Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the Library, you may\r\ndistribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6.\r\nAny executables containing that work also fall under Section 6,\r\nwhether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself.\r\n\f\r\n 6. As an exception to the Sections above, you may also combine or\r\nlink a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library to produce a\r\nwork containing portions of the Library, and distribute that work\r\nunder terms of your choice, provided that the terms permit\r\nmodification of the work for the customer's own use and reverse\r\nengineering for debugging such modifications.\r\n\r\n You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the\r\nLibrary is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by\r\nthis License. You must supply a copy of this License. If the work\r\nduring execution displays copyright notices, you must include the\r\ncopyright notice for the Library among them, as well as a reference\r\ndirecting the user to the copy of this License. Also, you must do one\r\nof these things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the work with the complete corresponding\r\n machine-readable source code for the Library including whatever\r\n changes were used in the work (which must be distributed under\r\n Sections 1 and 2 above); and, if the work is an executable linked\r\n with the Library, with the complete machine-readable \"work that\r\n uses the Library\", as object code and/or source code, so that the\r\n user can modify the Library and then relink to produce a modified\r\n executable containing the modified Library. (It is understood\r\n that the user who changes the contents of definitions files in the\r\n Library will not necessarily be able to recompile the application\r\n to use the modified definitions.)\r\n\r\n b) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the\r\n Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (1) uses at run time a\r\n copy of the library already present on the user's computer system,\r\n rather than copying library functions into the executable, and (2)\r\n will operate properly with a modified version of the library, if\r\n the user installs one, as long as the modified version is\r\n interface-compatible with the version that the work was made with.\r\n\r\n c) Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at\r\n least three years, to give the same user the materials\r\n specified in Subsection 6a, above, for a charge no more\r\n than the cost of performing this distribution.\r\n\r\n d) If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy\r\n from a designated place, offer equivalent access to copy the above\r\n specified materials from the same place.\r\n\r\n e) Verify that the user has already received a copy of these\r\n materials or that you have already sent this user a copy.\r\n\r\n For an executable, the required form of the \"work that uses the\r\nLibrary\" must include any data and utility programs needed for\r\nreproducing the executable from it. However, as a special exception,\r\nthe materials to be distributed need not include anything that is\r\nnormally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major\r\ncomponents (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on\r\nwhich the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies\r\nthe executable.\r\n\r\n It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license\r\nrestrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally\r\naccompany the operating system. Such a contradiction means you cannot\r\nuse both them and the Library together in an executable that you\r\ndistribute.\r\n\f\r\n 7. You may place library facilities that are a work based on the\r\nLibrary side-by-side in a single library together with other library\r\nfacilities not covered by this License, and distribute such a combined\r\nlibrary, provided that the separate distribution of the work based on\r\nthe Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise\r\npermitted, and provided that you do these two things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work\r\n based on the Library, uncombined with any other library\r\n facilities. This must be distributed under the terms of the\r\n Sections above.\r\n\r\n b) Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact\r\n that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining\r\n where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.\r\n\r\n 8. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute\r\nthe Library except as expressly provided under this License. Any\r\nattempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or\r\ndistribute the Library is void, and will automatically terminate your\r\nrights under this License. However, parties who have received copies,\r\nor rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses\r\nterminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.\r\n\r\n 9. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not\r\nsigned it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or\r\ndistribute the Library or its derivative works. These actions are\r\nprohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by\r\nmodifying or distributing the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and\r\nall its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying\r\nthe Library or works based on it.\r\n\r\n 10. Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), the recipient automatically receives a license from the\r\noriginal licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the Library\r\nsubject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further\r\nrestrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.\r\nYou are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with\r\nthis License.\r\n\f\r\n 11. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent\r\ninfringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),\r\nconditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or\r\notherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not\r\nexcuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot\r\ndistribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this\r\nLicense and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you\r\nmay not distribute the Library at all. For example, if a patent\r\nlicense would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Library by\r\nall those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then\r\nthe only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to\r\nrefrain entirely from distribution of the Library.\r\n\r\nIf any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any\r\nparticular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply,\r\nand the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.\r\n\r\nIt is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any\r\npatents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any\r\nsuch claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the\r\nintegrity of the free software distribution system which is\r\nimplemented by public license practices. Many people have made\r\ngenerous contributions to the wide range of software distributed\r\nthrough that system in reliance on consistent application of that\r\nsystem; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing\r\nto distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot\r\nimpose that choice.\r\n\r\nThis section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to\r\nbe a consequence of the rest of this License.\r\n\r\n 12. If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in\r\ncertain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the\r\noriginal copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add\r\nan explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries,\r\nso that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus\r\nexcluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if\r\nwritten in the body of this License.\r\n\r\n 13. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new\r\nversions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time.\r\nSuch new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version,\r\nbut may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.\r\n\r\nEach version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library\r\nspecifies a version number of this License which applies to it and\r\n\"any later version\", you have the option of following the terms and\r\nconditions either of that version or of any later version published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation. If the Library does not specify a\r\nlicense version number, you may choose any version ever published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation.\r\n\f\r\n 14. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free\r\nprograms whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these,\r\nwrite to the author to ask for permission. For software which is\r\ncopyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free\r\nSoftware Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our\r\ndecision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status\r\nof all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing\r\nand reuse of software generally.\r\n\r\n NO WARRANTY\r\n\r\n 15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO\r\nWARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.\r\nEXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR\r\nOTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY \"AS IS\" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY\r\nKIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\r\nIMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR\r\nPURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE\r\nLIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME\r\nTHE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.\r\n\r\n 16. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN\r\nWRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY\r\nAND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU\r\nFOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR\r\nCONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE\r\nLIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING\r\nRENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A\r\nFAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF\r\nSUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH\r\nDAMAGES.\r\n\r\n END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS\r\n\r\n How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries\r\n\r\n If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest\r\npossible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that\r\neveryone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting\r\nredistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the\r\nordinary General Public License).\r\n\r\n To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is\r\nsafest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively\r\nconvey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the\r\n\"copyright\" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.\r\n\r\n <one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.>\r\n Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>\r\n\r\n This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\r\n modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either\r\n version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.\r\n\r\n This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\r\n but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\r\n MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [], "date_submitted": "2020-08-10T12:10:46+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-16T21:44:16+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-16T21:44:16+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/vgf5e", "authors": [ { "pk": 9930, "first_name": "Victoria", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Fernandes", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 4686, "first_name": "Gareth", "middle_name": "G", "last_name": "Roberts", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-6487-8117" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Geomorphology" }, { "name": "Paleobiology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Planetary Sciences" }, { "name": "Tectonics and Structure" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "PrePrint-Fernandes_Roberts-2020.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/35/download/67/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/jh7gu", "label": "Supplementary material" }, { "url": "https://paleobiodb.org/", "label": "Public data" } ] }, { "pk": 36, "title": "Bridging the gap between geophysics and geology with Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)", "abstract": "Inverse mapping from geophysics to geology is a difficult problem due to the inherent uncertainty of geophysical data and the spatially heterogeneous patterns (structure) in geology. We describe GANSim, a type of generative adversarial networks (GANs) that discovers the mapping between remotely-sensed geophysical information and geology with realistic patterns, with a specially designed loss function and an input architecture for geophysics-interpreted probability maps. This GANSim is then used to produce realizations of realistic geological facies models conditioned to the probability maps alone or together with well observations and global features. By evaluation, the generated facies models are realistic, diversified, and consistent with all input conditions. We demonstrate that the GAN learns the implicit geological pattern knowledge from training data and the knowledge of conditioning to inputs from human-defined explicit functions. Given the commonality of probability maps, sparse measurements, and global features, GANSim should be applicable to many problems of geosciences.", "license": { "name": "Academic Free License (AFL) 3.0", "short_name": "AFL 3.0", "text": "Academic Free License (\"AFL\") v. 3.0\r\nThis Academic Free License (the \"License\") applies to any original work of authorship (the \"Original Work\") whose owner (the \"Licensor\") has placed the following licensing notice adjacent to the copyright notice for the Original Work:\r\n\r\nLicensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0\r\n\r\n1) Grant of Copyright License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, for the duration of the copyright, to do the following:\r\n\r\na) to reproduce the Original Work in copies, either alone or as part of a collective work;\r\n\r\nb) to translate, adapt, alter, transform, modify, or arrange the Original Work, thereby creating derivative works (\"Derivative Works\") based upon the Original Work;\r\n\r\nc) to distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work and Derivative Works to the public, under any license of your choice that does not contradict the terms and conditions, including Licensor's reserved rights and remedies, in this Academic Free License;\r\n\r\nd) to perform the Original Work publicly; and\r\n\r\ne) to display the Original Work publicly.\r\n\r\n2) Grant of Patent License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, under patent claims owned or controlled by the Licensor that are embodied in the Original Work as furnished by the Licensor, for the duration of the patents, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, and import the Original Work and Derivative Works.\r\n\r\n3) Grant of Source Code License. The term \"Source Code\" means the preferred form of the Original Work for making modifications to it and all available documentation describing how to modify the Original Work. Licensor agrees to provide a machine-readable copy of the Source Code of the Original Work along with each copy of the Original Work that Licensor distributes. Licensor reserves the right to satisfy this obligation by placing a machine-readable copy of the Source Code in an information repository reasonably calculated to permit inexpensive and convenient access by You for as long as Licensor continues to distribute the Original Work.\r\n\r\n4) Exclusions From License Grant. Neither the names of Licensor, nor the names of any contributors to the Original Work, nor any of their trademarks or service marks, may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this Original Work without express prior permission of the Licensor. Except as expressly stated herein, nothing in this License grants any license to Licensor's trademarks, copyrights, patents, trade secrets or any other intellectual property. No patent license is granted to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, or import embodiments of any patent claims other than the licensed claims defined in Section 2. No license is granted to the trademarks of Licensor even if such marks are included in the Original Work. Nothing in this License shall be interpreted to prohibit Licensor from licensing under terms different from this License any Original Work that Licensor otherwise would have a right to license.\r\n\r\n5) External Deployment. The term \"External Deployment\" means the use, distribution, or communication of the Original Work or Derivative Works in any way such that the Original Work or Derivative Works may be used by anyone other than You, whether those works are distributed or communicated to those persons or made available as an application intended for use over a network. As an express condition for the grants of license hereunder, You must treat any External Deployment by You of the Original Work or a Derivative Work as a distribution under section 1(c).\r\n\r\n6) Attribution Rights. You must retain, in the Source Code of any Derivative Works that You create, all copyright, patent, or trademark notices from the Source Code of the Original Work, as well as any notices of licensing and any descriptive text identified therein as an \"Attribution Notice.\" You must cause the Source Code for any Derivative Works that You create to carry a prominent Attribution Notice reasonably calculated to inform recipients that You have modified the Original Work.\r\n\r\n7) Warranty of Provenance and Disclaimer of Warranty. Licensor warrants that the copyright in and to the Original Work and the patent rights granted herein by Licensor are owned by the Licensor or are sublicensed to You under the terms of this License with the permission of the contributor(s) of those copyrights and patent rights. Except as expressly stated in the immediately preceding sentence, the Original Work is provided under this License on an \"AS IS\" BASIS and WITHOUT WARRANTY, either express or implied, including, without limitation, the warranties of non-infringement, merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY OF THE ORIGINAL WORK IS WITH YOU. This DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY constitutes an essential part of this License. No license to the Original Work is granted by this License except under this disclaimer.\r\n\r\n8) Limitation of Liability. Under no circumstances and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, shall the Licensor be liable to anyone for any indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or the use of the Original Work including, without limitation, damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses. This limitation of liability shall not apply to the extent applicable law prohibits such limitation.\r\n\r\n9) Acceptance and Termination. If, at any time, You expressly assented to this License, that assent indicates your clear and irrevocable acceptance of this License and all of its terms and conditions. If You distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work or a Derivative Work, You must make a reasonable effort under the circumstances to obtain the express assent of recipients to the terms of this License. This License conditions your rights to undertake the activities listed in Section 1, including your right to create Derivative Works based upon the Original Work, and doing so without honoring these terms and conditions is prohibited by copyright law and international treaty. Nothing in this License is intended to affect copyright exceptions and limitations (including \"fair use\" or \"fair dealing\"). This License shall terminate immediately and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License upon your failure to honor the conditions in Section 1(c).\r\n\r\n10) Termination for Patent Action. This License shall terminate automatically and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License as of the date You commence an action, including a cross-claim or counterclaim, against Licensor or any licensee alleging that the Original Work infringes a patent. This termination provision shall not apply for an action alleging patent infringement by combinations of the Original Work with other software or hardware.\r\n\r\n11) Jurisdiction, Venue and Governing Law. Any action or suit relating to this License may be brought only in the courts of a jurisdiction wherein the Licensor resides or in which Licensor conducts its primary business, and under the laws of that jurisdiction excluding its conflict-of-law provisions. The application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is expressly excluded. Any use of the Original Work outside the scope of this License or after its termination shall be subject to the requirements and penalties of copyright or patent law in the appropriate jurisdiction. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n12) Attorneys' Fees. In any action to enforce the terms of this License or seeking damages relating thereto, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover its costs and expenses, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and costs incurred in connection with such action, including any appeal of such action. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n13) Miscellaneous. If any provision of this License is held to be unenforceable, such provision shall be reformed only to the extent necessary to make it enforceable.\r\n\r\n14) Definition of \"You\" in This License. \"You\" throughout this License, whether in upper or lower case, means an individual or a legal entity exercising rights under, and complying with all of the terms of, this License. For legal entities, \"You\" includes any entity that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with you. For purposes of this definition, \"control\" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.\r\n\r\n15) Right to Use. You may use the Original Work in all ways not otherwise restricted or conditioned by this License or by law, and Licensor promises not to interfere with or be responsible for such uses by You.\r\n\r\n16) Modification of This License. This License is Copyright © 2005 Lawrence Rosen. Permission is granted to copy, distribute, or communicate this License without modification. Nothing in this License permits You to modify this License as applied to the Original Work or to Derivative Works. However, You may modify the text of this License and copy, distribute or communicate your modified version (the \"Modified License\") and apply it to other original works of authorship subject to the following conditions: (i) You may not indicate in any way that your Modified License is the \"Academic Free License\" or \"AFL\" and you may not use those names in the name of your Modified License; (ii) You must replace the notice specified in the first paragraph above with the notice \"Licensed under <insert your license name here>\" or with a notice of your own that is not confusingly similar to the notice in this License; and (iii) You may not claim that your original works are open source software unless your Modified License has been approved by Open Source Initiative (OSI) and You comply with its license review and certification process.", "url": "http://opensource.org/licenses/AFL-3.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Channels" }, { "word": "Conditional modeling" }, { "word": "Deep learning" }, { "word": "GANs" }, { "word": "Generative Adversarial Networks" }, { "word": "Geological facies modeling" }, { "word": "Geological patterns" }, { "word": "Geophysical interpretation" }, { "word": "Inverse mapping" }, { "word": "Knowledge learning" }, { "word": "Pattern recognition" }, { "word": "Probability maps" }, { "word": "Reservoir prediction" }, { "word": "Sedimentology prediction" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-08-10T07:37:47+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-16T21:35:53+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-16T21:35:53+02:00", "doi": "http://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2021.3066975", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/ch8xf", "authors": [ { "pk": 3218, "first_name": "Suihong", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Song", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 12187, "first_name": "Tapan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mukerji", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7101, "first_name": "Jiagen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hou", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Artificial Intelligence and Robotics" }, { "name": "Computer Sciences" }, { "name": "Databases and Information Systems" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Environmental Monitoring" }, { "name": "Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Geomorphology" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Natural Resource Economics" }, { "name": "Oil, Gas, and Energy" }, { "name": "Other Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Sedimentology" }, { "name": "Water Resource Management" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "SubmittedtoEarthArxiv_Bridging the gap between geophysics and geology with Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs).pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/36/download/68/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://github.com/SuihongSong/GeoModeling_Conditional-to-Probability-maps-plus", "label": "Public data" } ] }, { "pk": 148, "title": "Across-strike asymmetry of the Andes orogen linked to the age and geometry of the Nazca plate", "abstract": "The spine of Andes – the trace of the highest mountain topography – weaves back and forth, in places near the coastline, in others farther inland. Its position is thought to be partially influenced by the asymmetric distribution of rainfall causing the migration of the topographic divide (i.e. mountain peaks) in favor of the more erosive (wetter) side and consuming the less erosive (drier) side. Here, we demonstrate that erosion rates in the Andes are not controlled by rainfall and conclude that the position of this mountain chain is better described by the age and radius of curvature of the subducting Nazca plate. Our results suggest that mountain range migration might be a common component of orogenesis but for reasons different than those predicted by coupled climate-tectonic models. Cyclical variations in Andean orogeny might also accompany lateral migrations of mountain ranges.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Andes" }, { "word": "Erosion" }, { "word": "Nazca plate" }, { "word": "Nazca slab" }, { "word": "Orogen asymmetry" }, { "word": "Orogenic wedge" }, { "word": "Orographic rainfall" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-06-17T22:04:40+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-06-18T14:13:44+02:00", "date_published": "2020-06-18T14:13:44+02:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1130/G50545.1", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/awug4", "authors": [ { "pk": 231, "first_name": "Pedro", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Val", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6303, "first_name": "Jane", "middle_name": "K.", "last_name": "Willenbring", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Geomorphology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Tectonics and Structure" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Val-Willenbring2020_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/148/download/295/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/ka8v2", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 37, "title": "Web-based Data Analytics Framework for Well Forecasting and Groundwater Quality", "abstract": "Groundwater supplies drinking water for over one-third of all Americans. However, with aquifers stressed by overdraft, contamination from land use, and the hydrologic impacts of climate change, identifying reliable sources for new wells is increasingly challenging. Well forecasting is a process in which potential groundwater resources are evaluated for a location of interest. While this process forecasts the depth of each aquifer for a given location, it takes historical groundwater well data from nearby locations into account. Conventionally, well forecasting is done by geological survey professionals by manually analyzing the well data and, that makes the process both time and resource-intensive. This study presents a novel web application that performs well forecasting for any location within the state of Iowa in a matter of seconds utilizing client-side computing instead of expensive professional labor. The web application generates well forecasts by triangulating millions of combinations of historical aquifer depth data of nearby wells stored in a state-level database. The proposed web system also provides water quality information for arsenic, nitrate, and bacteria (total c and fecal coliform) on the same interface with forecasts. The system is open to the public and is aimed to provide a go-to tool for homeowners, well drillers and, authorities to help inform decision-making regarding groundwater well development and water quality monitoring efforts.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public\r\nLicenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change\r\nfree software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.\r\n\r\n This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some\r\nspecially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the\r\nFree Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You\r\ncan use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether\r\nthis license or the ordinary General Public License is the better\r\nstrategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.\r\n\r\n When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,\r\nnot price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that\r\nyou have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge\r\nfor this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get\r\nit if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of\r\nit in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do\r\nthese things.\r\n\r\n To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid\r\ndistributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these\r\nrights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for\r\nyou if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.\r\n\r\n For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis\r\nor for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave\r\nyou. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source\r\ncode. If you link other code with the library, you must provide\r\ncomplete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them\r\nwith the library after making changes to the library and recompiling\r\nit. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.\r\n\r\n We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the\r\nlibrary, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal\r\npermission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.\r\n\r\n To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that\r\nthere is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is\r\nmodified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know\r\nthat what they have is not the original version, so that the original\r\nauthor's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be\r\nintroduced by others.\r\n\f\r\n Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of\r\nany free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot\r\neffectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a\r\nrestrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that\r\nany patent license obtained for a version of the library must be\r\nconsistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license.\r\n\r\n Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser\r\nGeneral Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and\r\nis quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use\r\nthis license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those\r\nlibraries into non-free programs.\r\n\r\n When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using\r\na shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a\r\ncombined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary\r\nGeneral Public License therefore permits such linking only if the\r\nentire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General\r\nPublic License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with\r\nthe library.\r\n\r\n We call this license the \"Lesser\" General Public License because it\r\ndoes Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General\r\nPublic License. It also provides other free software developers Less\r\nof an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages\r\nare the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many\r\nlibraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain\r\nspecial circumstances.\r\n\r\n For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to\r\nencourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes\r\na de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be\r\nallowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free\r\nlibrary does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this\r\ncase, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free\r\nsoftware only, so we use the Lesser General Public License.\r\n\r\n In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free\r\nprograms enables a greater number of people to use a large body of\r\nfree software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in\r\nnon-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU\r\noperating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating\r\nsystem.\r\n\r\n Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the\r\nusers' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is\r\nlinked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run\r\nthat program using a modified version of the Library.\r\n\r\n The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and\r\nmodification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a\r\n\"work based on the library\" and a \"work that uses the library\". The\r\nformer contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must\r\nbe combined with the library in order to run.\r\n\f\r\n GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION\r\n\r\n 0. This License Agreement applies to any software library or other\r\nprogram which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or\r\nother authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of\r\nthis Lesser General Public License (also called \"this License\").\r\nEach licensee is addressed as \"you\".\r\n\r\n A \"library\" means a collection of software functions and/or data\r\nprepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs\r\n(which use some of those functions and data) to form executables.\r\n\r\n The \"Library\", below, refers to any such software library or work\r\nwhich has been distributed under these terms. A \"work based on the\r\nLibrary\" means either the Library or any derivative work under\r\ncopyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a\r\nportion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated\r\nstraightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is\r\nincluded without limitation in the term \"modification\".)\r\n\r\n \"Source code\" for a work means the preferred form of the work for\r\nmaking modifications to it. For a library, complete source code means\r\nall the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated\r\ninterface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation\r\nand installation of the library.\r\n\r\n Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not\r\ncovered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of\r\nrunning a program using the Library is not restricted, and output from\r\nsuch a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based\r\non the Library (independent of the use of the Library in a tool for\r\nwriting it). Whether that is true depends on what the Library does\r\nand what the program that uses the Library does.\r\n\r\n 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's\r\ncomplete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that\r\nyou conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an\r\nappropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact\r\nall the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any\r\nwarranty; and distribute a copy of this License along with the\r\nLibrary.\r\n\r\n You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,\r\nand you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a\r\nfee.\r\n\f\r\n 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion\r\nof it, thus forming a work based on the Library, and copy and\r\ndistribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1\r\nabove, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:\r\n\r\n a) The modified work must itself be a software library.\r\n\r\n b) You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices\r\n stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.\r\n\r\n c) You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no\r\n charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.\r\n\r\n d) If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a\r\n table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses\r\n the facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility\r\n is invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that,\r\n in the event an application does not supply such function or\r\n table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of\r\n its purpose remains meaningful.\r\n\r\n (For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has\r\n a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the\r\n application. Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any\r\n application-supplied function or table used by this function must\r\n be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square\r\n root function must still compute square roots.)\r\n\r\nThese requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If\r\nidentifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library,\r\nand can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in\r\nthemselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those\r\nsections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you\r\ndistribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based\r\non the Library, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of\r\nthis License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the\r\nentire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote\r\nit.\r\n\r\nThus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest\r\nyour rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to\r\nexercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or\r\ncollective works based on the Library.\r\n\r\nIn addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library\r\nwith the Library (or with a work based on the Library) on a volume of\r\na storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under\r\nthe scope of this License.\r\n\r\n 3. You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public\r\nLicense instead of this License to a given copy of the Library. To do\r\nthis, you must alter all the notices that refer to this License, so\r\nthat they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License, version 2,\r\ninstead of to this License. (If a newer version than version 2 of the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License has appeared, then you can specify\r\nthat version instead if you wish.) Do not make any other change in\r\nthese notices.\r\n\f\r\n Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for\r\nthat copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all\r\nsubsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy.\r\n\r\n This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of\r\nthe Library into a program that is not a library.\r\n\r\n 4. You may copy and distribute the Library (or a portion or\r\nderivative of it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form\r\nunder the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany\r\nit with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which\r\nmust be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a\r\nmedium customarily used for software interchange.\r\n\r\n If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy\r\nfrom a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the\r\nsource code from the same place satisfies the requirement to\r\ndistribute the source code, even though third parties are not\r\ncompelled to copy the source along with the object code.\r\n\r\n 5. A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the\r\nLibrary, but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled or\r\nlinked with it, is called a \"work that uses the Library\". Such a\r\nwork, in isolation, is not a derivative work of the Library, and\r\ntherefore falls outside the scope of this License.\r\n\r\n However, linking a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library\r\ncreates an executable that is a derivative of the Library (because it\r\ncontains portions of the Library), rather than a \"work that uses the\r\nlibrary\". The executable is therefore covered by this License.\r\nSection 6 states terms for distribution of such executables.\r\n\r\n When a \"work that uses the Library\" uses material from a header file\r\nthat is part of the Library, the object code for the work may be a\r\nderivative work of the Library even though the source code is not.\r\nWhether this is true is especially significant if the work can be\r\nlinked without the Library, or if the work is itself a library. The\r\nthreshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law.\r\n\r\n If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data\r\nstructure layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline\r\nfunctions (ten lines or less in length), then the use of the object\r\nfile is unrestricted, regardless of whether it is legally a derivative\r\nwork. (Executables containing this object code plus portions of the\r\nLibrary will still fall under Section 6.)\r\n\r\n Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the Library, you may\r\ndistribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6.\r\nAny executables containing that work also fall under Section 6,\r\nwhether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself.\r\n\f\r\n 6. As an exception to the Sections above, you may also combine or\r\nlink a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library to produce a\r\nwork containing portions of the Library, and distribute that work\r\nunder terms of your choice, provided that the terms permit\r\nmodification of the work for the customer's own use and reverse\r\nengineering for debugging such modifications.\r\n\r\n You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the\r\nLibrary is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by\r\nthis License. You must supply a copy of this License. If the work\r\nduring execution displays copyright notices, you must include the\r\ncopyright notice for the Library among them, as well as a reference\r\ndirecting the user to the copy of this License. Also, you must do one\r\nof these things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the work with the complete corresponding\r\n machine-readable source code for the Library including whatever\r\n changes were used in the work (which must be distributed under\r\n Sections 1 and 2 above); and, if the work is an executable linked\r\n with the Library, with the complete machine-readable \"work that\r\n uses the Library\", as object code and/or source code, so that the\r\n user can modify the Library and then relink to produce a modified\r\n executable containing the modified Library. (It is understood\r\n that the user who changes the contents of definitions files in the\r\n Library will not necessarily be able to recompile the application\r\n to use the modified definitions.)\r\n\r\n b) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the\r\n Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (1) uses at run time a\r\n copy of the library already present on the user's computer system,\r\n rather than copying library functions into the executable, and (2)\r\n will operate properly with a modified version of the library, if\r\n the user installs one, as long as the modified version is\r\n interface-compatible with the version that the work was made with.\r\n\r\n c) Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at\r\n least three years, to give the same user the materials\r\n specified in Subsection 6a, above, for a charge no more\r\n than the cost of performing this distribution.\r\n\r\n d) If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy\r\n from a designated place, offer equivalent access to copy the above\r\n specified materials from the same place.\r\n\r\n e) Verify that the user has already received a copy of these\r\n materials or that you have already sent this user a copy.\r\n\r\n For an executable, the required form of the \"work that uses the\r\nLibrary\" must include any data and utility programs needed for\r\nreproducing the executable from it. However, as a special exception,\r\nthe materials to be distributed need not include anything that is\r\nnormally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major\r\ncomponents (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on\r\nwhich the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies\r\nthe executable.\r\n\r\n It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license\r\nrestrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally\r\naccompany the operating system. Such a contradiction means you cannot\r\nuse both them and the Library together in an executable that you\r\ndistribute.\r\n\f\r\n 7. You may place library facilities that are a work based on the\r\nLibrary side-by-side in a single library together with other library\r\nfacilities not covered by this License, and distribute such a combined\r\nlibrary, provided that the separate distribution of the work based on\r\nthe Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise\r\npermitted, and provided that you do these two things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work\r\n based on the Library, uncombined with any other library\r\n facilities. This must be distributed under the terms of the\r\n Sections above.\r\n\r\n b) Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact\r\n that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining\r\n where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.\r\n\r\n 8. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute\r\nthe Library except as expressly provided under this License. Any\r\nattempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or\r\ndistribute the Library is void, and will automatically terminate your\r\nrights under this License. However, parties who have received copies,\r\nor rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses\r\nterminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.\r\n\r\n 9. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not\r\nsigned it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or\r\ndistribute the Library or its derivative works. These actions are\r\nprohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by\r\nmodifying or distributing the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and\r\nall its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying\r\nthe Library or works based on it.\r\n\r\n 10. Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), the recipient automatically receives a license from the\r\noriginal licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the Library\r\nsubject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further\r\nrestrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.\r\nYou are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with\r\nthis License.\r\n\f\r\n 11. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent\r\ninfringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),\r\nconditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or\r\notherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not\r\nexcuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot\r\ndistribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this\r\nLicense and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you\r\nmay not distribute the Library at all. For example, if a patent\r\nlicense would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Library by\r\nall those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then\r\nthe only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to\r\nrefrain entirely from distribution of the Library.\r\n\r\nIf any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any\r\nparticular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply,\r\nand the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.\r\n\r\nIt is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any\r\npatents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any\r\nsuch claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the\r\nintegrity of the free software distribution system which is\r\nimplemented by public license practices. Many people have made\r\ngenerous contributions to the wide range of software distributed\r\nthrough that system in reliance on consistent application of that\r\nsystem; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing\r\nto distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot\r\nimpose that choice.\r\n\r\nThis section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to\r\nbe a consequence of the rest of this License.\r\n\r\n 12. If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in\r\ncertain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the\r\noriginal copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add\r\nan explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries,\r\nso that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus\r\nexcluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if\r\nwritten in the body of this License.\r\n\r\n 13. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new\r\nversions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time.\r\nSuch new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version,\r\nbut may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.\r\n\r\nEach version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library\r\nspecifies a version number of this License which applies to it and\r\n\"any later version\", you have the option of following the terms and\r\nconditions either of that version or of any later version published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation. If the Library does not specify a\r\nlicense version number, you may choose any version ever published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation.\r\n\f\r\n 14. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free\r\nprograms whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these,\r\nwrite to the author to ask for permission. For software which is\r\ncopyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free\r\nSoftware Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our\r\ndecision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status\r\nof all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing\r\nand reuse of software generally.\r\n\r\n NO WARRANTY\r\n\r\n 15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO\r\nWARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.\r\nEXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR\r\nOTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY \"AS IS\" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY\r\nKIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\r\nIMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR\r\nPURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE\r\nLIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME\r\nTHE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.\r\n\r\n 16. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN\r\nWRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY\r\nAND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU\r\nFOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR\r\nCONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE\r\nLIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING\r\nRENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A\r\nFAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF\r\nSUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH\r\nDAMAGES.\r\n\r\n END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS\r\n\r\n How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries\r\n\r\n If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest\r\npossible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that\r\neveryone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting\r\nredistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the\r\nordinary General Public License).\r\n\r\n To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is\r\nsafest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively\r\nconvey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the\r\n\"copyright\" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.\r\n\r\n <one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.>\r\n Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>\r\n\r\n This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\r\n modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either\r\n version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.\r\n\r\n This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\r\n but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\r\n MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "aquifer depth prediction" }, { "word": "groundwater wells" }, { "word": "web application" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-08-10T04:53:47+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-16T21:35:34+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-16T21:35:34+02:00", "doi": "http://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144121", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/e5avq", "authors": [ { "pk": 3939, "first_name": "Muhammed", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sit", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0002-2707-6692" }, { "pk": 6660, "first_name": "Richard", "middle_name": "J.", "last_name": "Langel", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7901, "first_name": "Darrin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Thompson", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9000, "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "M.", "last_name": "Cwiertny", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 3764, "first_name": "Ibrahim", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Demir", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering" }, { "name": "Engineering" }, { "name": "Environmental Engineering" }, { "name": "Hydraulic Engineering" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Manuscript_eartharxiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/37/download/69/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 38, "title": "A Comprehensive Flood Event Specification and Inventory: 1930-2020 Turkey Case Study", "abstract": "Flooding is one of the most frequent natural disasters that have significant impact on communities in terms of loss of life, direct and indirect economic losses, and disruption of daily life. Decision makers often consult flood data inventories to make more informed decisions on the development of flood mitigation plans to protect flood prone communities. A comprehensive inventory that covers multiple aspects of a flood event is critical to identify vulnerable regions, historical trends, and mitigate possible flood impacts. This study proposes an integrated flood data specification to support multi-stakeholder use cases, community-based sustainable domain specific maintenance, and crowdsourced data collection and expansion. The specification is designed based on comprehensive review of existing global and national repositories, literature, needs and requirements of stakeholders. The specification is designed to cover environmental, economic, and demographic impact, hydraulic, hydrologic, and meteorological features, and detailed location information of a flood event. As a case study, a flood event inventory was compiled for Turkey between 1930-2020 using existing national and global data sources and digitized media archives. A total of 2,101 flood events with 64 data attributes have been collected over the last 90 years. An initial statistical analysis of the inventory is also presented for the seasonal and regional characteristics of flooding in Turkey.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public\r\nLicenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change\r\nfree software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.\r\n\r\n This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some\r\nspecially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the\r\nFree Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You\r\ncan use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether\r\nthis license or the ordinary General Public License is the better\r\nstrategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.\r\n\r\n When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,\r\nnot price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that\r\nyou have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge\r\nfor this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get\r\nit if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of\r\nit in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do\r\nthese things.\r\n\r\n To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid\r\ndistributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these\r\nrights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for\r\nyou if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.\r\n\r\n For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis\r\nor for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave\r\nyou. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source\r\ncode. If you link other code with the library, you must provide\r\ncomplete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them\r\nwith the library after making changes to the library and recompiling\r\nit. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.\r\n\r\n We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the\r\nlibrary, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal\r\npermission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.\r\n\r\n To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that\r\nthere is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is\r\nmodified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know\r\nthat what they have is not the original version, so that the original\r\nauthor's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be\r\nintroduced by others.\r\n\f\r\n Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of\r\nany free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot\r\neffectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a\r\nrestrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that\r\nany patent license obtained for a version of the library must be\r\nconsistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license.\r\n\r\n Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser\r\nGeneral Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and\r\nis quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use\r\nthis license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those\r\nlibraries into non-free programs.\r\n\r\n When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using\r\na shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a\r\ncombined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary\r\nGeneral Public License therefore permits such linking only if the\r\nentire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General\r\nPublic License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with\r\nthe library.\r\n\r\n We call this license the \"Lesser\" General Public License because it\r\ndoes Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General\r\nPublic License. It also provides other free software developers Less\r\nof an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages\r\nare the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many\r\nlibraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain\r\nspecial circumstances.\r\n\r\n For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to\r\nencourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes\r\na de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be\r\nallowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free\r\nlibrary does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this\r\ncase, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free\r\nsoftware only, so we use the Lesser General Public License.\r\n\r\n In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free\r\nprograms enables a greater number of people to use a large body of\r\nfree software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in\r\nnon-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU\r\noperating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating\r\nsystem.\r\n\r\n Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the\r\nusers' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is\r\nlinked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run\r\nthat program using a modified version of the Library.\r\n\r\n The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and\r\nmodification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a\r\n\"work based on the library\" and a \"work that uses the library\". The\r\nformer contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must\r\nbe combined with the library in order to run.\r\n\f\r\n GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION\r\n\r\n 0. This License Agreement applies to any software library or other\r\nprogram which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or\r\nother authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of\r\nthis Lesser General Public License (also called \"this License\").\r\nEach licensee is addressed as \"you\".\r\n\r\n A \"library\" means a collection of software functions and/or data\r\nprepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs\r\n(which use some of those functions and data) to form executables.\r\n\r\n The \"Library\", below, refers to any such software library or work\r\nwhich has been distributed under these terms. A \"work based on the\r\nLibrary\" means either the Library or any derivative work under\r\ncopyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a\r\nportion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated\r\nstraightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is\r\nincluded without limitation in the term \"modification\".)\r\n\r\n \"Source code\" for a work means the preferred form of the work for\r\nmaking modifications to it. For a library, complete source code means\r\nall the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated\r\ninterface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation\r\nand installation of the library.\r\n\r\n Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not\r\ncovered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of\r\nrunning a program using the Library is not restricted, and output from\r\nsuch a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based\r\non the Library (independent of the use of the Library in a tool for\r\nwriting it). Whether that is true depends on what the Library does\r\nand what the program that uses the Library does.\r\n\r\n 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's\r\ncomplete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that\r\nyou conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an\r\nappropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact\r\nall the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any\r\nwarranty; and distribute a copy of this License along with the\r\nLibrary.\r\n\r\n You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,\r\nand you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a\r\nfee.\r\n\f\r\n 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion\r\nof it, thus forming a work based on the Library, and copy and\r\ndistribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1\r\nabove, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:\r\n\r\n a) The modified work must itself be a software library.\r\n\r\n b) You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices\r\n stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.\r\n\r\n c) You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no\r\n charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.\r\n\r\n d) If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a\r\n table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses\r\n the facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility\r\n is invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that,\r\n in the event an application does not supply such function or\r\n table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of\r\n its purpose remains meaningful.\r\n\r\n (For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has\r\n a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the\r\n application. Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any\r\n application-supplied function or table used by this function must\r\n be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square\r\n root function must still compute square roots.)\r\n\r\nThese requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If\r\nidentifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library,\r\nand can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in\r\nthemselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those\r\nsections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you\r\ndistribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based\r\non the Library, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of\r\nthis License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the\r\nentire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote\r\nit.\r\n\r\nThus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest\r\nyour rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to\r\nexercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or\r\ncollective works based on the Library.\r\n\r\nIn addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library\r\nwith the Library (or with a work based on the Library) on a volume of\r\na storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under\r\nthe scope of this License.\r\n\r\n 3. You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public\r\nLicense instead of this License to a given copy of the Library. To do\r\nthis, you must alter all the notices that refer to this License, so\r\nthat they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License, version 2,\r\ninstead of to this License. (If a newer version than version 2 of the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License has appeared, then you can specify\r\nthat version instead if you wish.) Do not make any other change in\r\nthese notices.\r\n\f\r\n Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for\r\nthat copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all\r\nsubsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy.\r\n\r\n This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of\r\nthe Library into a program that is not a library.\r\n\r\n 4. You may copy and distribute the Library (or a portion or\r\nderivative of it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form\r\nunder the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany\r\nit with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which\r\nmust be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a\r\nmedium customarily used for software interchange.\r\n\r\n If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy\r\nfrom a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the\r\nsource code from the same place satisfies the requirement to\r\ndistribute the source code, even though third parties are not\r\ncompelled to copy the source along with the object code.\r\n\r\n 5. A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the\r\nLibrary, but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled or\r\nlinked with it, is called a \"work that uses the Library\". Such a\r\nwork, in isolation, is not a derivative work of the Library, and\r\ntherefore falls outside the scope of this License.\r\n\r\n However, linking a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library\r\ncreates an executable that is a derivative of the Library (because it\r\ncontains portions of the Library), rather than a \"work that uses the\r\nlibrary\". The executable is therefore covered by this License.\r\nSection 6 states terms for distribution of such executables.\r\n\r\n When a \"work that uses the Library\" uses material from a header file\r\nthat is part of the Library, the object code for the work may be a\r\nderivative work of the Library even though the source code is not.\r\nWhether this is true is especially significant if the work can be\r\nlinked without the Library, or if the work is itself a library. The\r\nthreshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law.\r\n\r\n If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data\r\nstructure layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline\r\nfunctions (ten lines or less in length), then the use of the object\r\nfile is unrestricted, regardless of whether it is legally a derivative\r\nwork. (Executables containing this object code plus portions of the\r\nLibrary will still fall under Section 6.)\r\n\r\n Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the Library, you may\r\ndistribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6.\r\nAny executables containing that work also fall under Section 6,\r\nwhether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself.\r\n\f\r\n 6. As an exception to the Sections above, you may also combine or\r\nlink a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library to produce a\r\nwork containing portions of the Library, and distribute that work\r\nunder terms of your choice, provided that the terms permit\r\nmodification of the work for the customer's own use and reverse\r\nengineering for debugging such modifications.\r\n\r\n You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the\r\nLibrary is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by\r\nthis License. You must supply a copy of this License. If the work\r\nduring execution displays copyright notices, you must include the\r\ncopyright notice for the Library among them, as well as a reference\r\ndirecting the user to the copy of this License. Also, you must do one\r\nof these things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the work with the complete corresponding\r\n machine-readable source code for the Library including whatever\r\n changes were used in the work (which must be distributed under\r\n Sections 1 and 2 above); and, if the work is an executable linked\r\n with the Library, with the complete machine-readable \"work that\r\n uses the Library\", as object code and/or source code, so that the\r\n user can modify the Library and then relink to produce a modified\r\n executable containing the modified Library. (It is understood\r\n that the user who changes the contents of definitions files in the\r\n Library will not necessarily be able to recompile the application\r\n to use the modified definitions.)\r\n\r\n b) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the\r\n Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (1) uses at run time a\r\n copy of the library already present on the user's computer system,\r\n rather than copying library functions into the executable, and (2)\r\n will operate properly with a modified version of the library, if\r\n the user installs one, as long as the modified version is\r\n interface-compatible with the version that the work was made with.\r\n\r\n c) Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at\r\n least three years, to give the same user the materials\r\n specified in Subsection 6a, above, for a charge no more\r\n than the cost of performing this distribution.\r\n\r\n d) If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy\r\n from a designated place, offer equivalent access to copy the above\r\n specified materials from the same place.\r\n\r\n e) Verify that the user has already received a copy of these\r\n materials or that you have already sent this user a copy.\r\n\r\n For an executable, the required form of the \"work that uses the\r\nLibrary\" must include any data and utility programs needed for\r\nreproducing the executable from it. However, as a special exception,\r\nthe materials to be distributed need not include anything that is\r\nnormally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major\r\ncomponents (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on\r\nwhich the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies\r\nthe executable.\r\n\r\n It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license\r\nrestrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally\r\naccompany the operating system. Such a contradiction means you cannot\r\nuse both them and the Library together in an executable that you\r\ndistribute.\r\n\f\r\n 7. You may place library facilities that are a work based on the\r\nLibrary side-by-side in a single library together with other library\r\nfacilities not covered by this License, and distribute such a combined\r\nlibrary, provided that the separate distribution of the work based on\r\nthe Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise\r\npermitted, and provided that you do these two things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work\r\n based on the Library, uncombined with any other library\r\n facilities. This must be distributed under the terms of the\r\n Sections above.\r\n\r\n b) Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact\r\n that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining\r\n where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.\r\n\r\n 8. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute\r\nthe Library except as expressly provided under this License. Any\r\nattempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or\r\ndistribute the Library is void, and will automatically terminate your\r\nrights under this License. However, parties who have received copies,\r\nor rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses\r\nterminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.\r\n\r\n 9. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not\r\nsigned it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or\r\ndistribute the Library or its derivative works. These actions are\r\nprohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by\r\nmodifying or distributing the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and\r\nall its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying\r\nthe Library or works based on it.\r\n\r\n 10. Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), the recipient automatically receives a license from the\r\noriginal licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the Library\r\nsubject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further\r\nrestrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.\r\nYou are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with\r\nthis License.\r\n\f\r\n 11. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent\r\ninfringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),\r\nconditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or\r\notherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not\r\nexcuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot\r\ndistribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this\r\nLicense and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you\r\nmay not distribute the Library at all. For example, if a patent\r\nlicense would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Library by\r\nall those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then\r\nthe only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to\r\nrefrain entirely from distribution of the Library.\r\n\r\nIf any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any\r\nparticular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply,\r\nand the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.\r\n\r\nIt is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any\r\npatents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any\r\nsuch claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the\r\nintegrity of the free software distribution system which is\r\nimplemented by public license practices. Many people have made\r\ngenerous contributions to the wide range of software distributed\r\nthrough that system in reliance on consistent application of that\r\nsystem; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing\r\nto distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot\r\nimpose that choice.\r\n\r\nThis section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to\r\nbe a consequence of the rest of this License.\r\n\r\n 12. If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in\r\ncertain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the\r\noriginal copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add\r\nan explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries,\r\nso that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus\r\nexcluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if\r\nwritten in the body of this License.\r\n\r\n 13. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new\r\nversions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time.\r\nSuch new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version,\r\nbut may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.\r\n\r\nEach version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library\r\nspecifies a version number of this License which applies to it and\r\n\"any later version\", you have the option of following the terms and\r\nconditions either of that version or of any later version published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation. If the Library does not specify a\r\nlicense version number, you may choose any version ever published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation.\r\n\f\r\n 14. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free\r\nprograms whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these,\r\nwrite to the author to ask for permission. For software which is\r\ncopyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free\r\nSoftware Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our\r\ndecision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status\r\nof all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing\r\nand reuse of software generally.\r\n\r\n NO WARRANTY\r\n\r\n 15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO\r\nWARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.\r\nEXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR\r\nOTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY \"AS IS\" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY\r\nKIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\r\nIMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR\r\nPURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE\r\nLIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME\r\nTHE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.\r\n\r\n 16. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN\r\nWRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY\r\nAND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU\r\nFOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR\r\nCONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE\r\nLIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING\r\nRENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A\r\nFAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF\r\nSUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH\r\nDAMAGES.\r\n\r\n END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS\r\n\r\n How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries\r\n\r\n If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest\r\npossible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that\r\neveryone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting\r\nredistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the\r\nordinary General Public License).\r\n\r\n To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is\r\nsafest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively\r\nconvey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the\r\n\"copyright\" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.\r\n\r\n <one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.>\r\n Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>\r\n\r\n This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\r\n modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either\r\n version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.\r\n\r\n This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\r\n but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\r\n MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "data model" }, { "word": "flood event inventory" }, { "word": "flood event specification" }, { "word": "flooding" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-08-08T20:37:35+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-16T21:40:32+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-16T21:40:32+02:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102086", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/yc49t", "authors": [ { "pk": 5594, "first_name": "Ismail", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Haltas", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 28, "first_name": "Enes", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yildirim", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7924, "first_name": "Fatih", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Oztas", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 3764, "first_name": "Ibrahim", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Demir", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Engineering" }, { "name": "Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Water Resource Management" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Flood Data Inventory and Specification.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/38/download/70/" }, { "original_filename": "Flood Data Inventory and Specification.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/38/download/71/" }, { "original_filename": "Flood Data Inventory and Specification.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/38/download/72/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://github.com/uihilab/Flood-Event-Data-Specification", "label": "Public data" } ] }, { "pk": 39, "title": "Stress, rigidity and sediment strength control megathrust earthquake and tsunami dynamics", "abstract": "Megathrust faults host the largest earthquakes on Earth which can trigger cascading hazards such as devastating tsunamis. Determining characteristics that control subduction zone earthquake and tsunami dynamics is critical to mitigate megathrust hazards, but is impeded by structural complexity, large spatio-temporal scales, and scarce or asymmetric instrumental coverage. Here we use high-performance computing multi-physics simulations to show that tsunamigenesis and earthquake dynamics are controlled by along-arc variability in regional tectonic stresses together with depth-dependent variations in rigidity and yield strength of near-fault sediments. We aim to identify dominant regional factors controlling megathrust hazards. To this end, we demonstrate how to unify and verify the required initial conditions for geometrically complex, multi-physics earthquake-tsunami modeling from interdisciplinary geophysical observations. We present large-scale computational models of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake and Indian Ocean tsunami that reconcile near- and far-field seismic, geodetic, geological, and tsunami observations and reveal tsunamigenic trade-offs between slip to the trench, splay faulting, and bulk yielding of the accretionary wedge. Our computational capabilities render possible the incorporation of present and emerging high-resolution observations into dynamic-rupture-tsunami models and will be applicable to other large megathrust earthquakes. Our findings highlight the importance of regional-scale structural heterogeneity to decipher megathrust hazards.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public\r\nLicenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change\r\nfree software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.\r\n\r\n This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some\r\nspecially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the\r\nFree Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You\r\ncan use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether\r\nthis license or the ordinary General Public License is the better\r\nstrategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.\r\n\r\n When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,\r\nnot price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that\r\nyou have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge\r\nfor this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get\r\nit if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of\r\nit in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do\r\nthese things.\r\n\r\n To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid\r\ndistributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these\r\nrights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for\r\nyou if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.\r\n\r\n For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis\r\nor for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave\r\nyou. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source\r\ncode. If you link other code with the library, you must provide\r\ncomplete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them\r\nwith the library after making changes to the library and recompiling\r\nit. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.\r\n\r\n We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the\r\nlibrary, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal\r\npermission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.\r\n\r\n To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that\r\nthere is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is\r\nmodified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know\r\nthat what they have is not the original version, so that the original\r\nauthor's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be\r\nintroduced by others.\r\n\f\r\n Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of\r\nany free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot\r\neffectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a\r\nrestrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that\r\nany patent license obtained for a version of the library must be\r\nconsistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license.\r\n\r\n Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser\r\nGeneral Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and\r\nis quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use\r\nthis license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those\r\nlibraries into non-free programs.\r\n\r\n When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using\r\na shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a\r\ncombined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary\r\nGeneral Public License therefore permits such linking only if the\r\nentire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General\r\nPublic License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with\r\nthe library.\r\n\r\n We call this license the \"Lesser\" General Public License because it\r\ndoes Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General\r\nPublic License. It also provides other free software developers Less\r\nof an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages\r\nare the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many\r\nlibraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain\r\nspecial circumstances.\r\n\r\n For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to\r\nencourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes\r\na de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be\r\nallowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free\r\nlibrary does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this\r\ncase, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free\r\nsoftware only, so we use the Lesser General Public License.\r\n\r\n In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free\r\nprograms enables a greater number of people to use a large body of\r\nfree software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in\r\nnon-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU\r\noperating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating\r\nsystem.\r\n\r\n Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the\r\nusers' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is\r\nlinked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run\r\nthat program using a modified version of the Library.\r\n\r\n The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and\r\nmodification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a\r\n\"work based on the library\" and a \"work that uses the library\". The\r\nformer contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must\r\nbe combined with the library in order to run.\r\n\f\r\n GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION\r\n\r\n 0. This License Agreement applies to any software library or other\r\nprogram which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or\r\nother authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of\r\nthis Lesser General Public License (also called \"this License\").\r\nEach licensee is addressed as \"you\".\r\n\r\n A \"library\" means a collection of software functions and/or data\r\nprepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs\r\n(which use some of those functions and data) to form executables.\r\n\r\n The \"Library\", below, refers to any such software library or work\r\nwhich has been distributed under these terms. A \"work based on the\r\nLibrary\" means either the Library or any derivative work under\r\ncopyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a\r\nportion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated\r\nstraightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is\r\nincluded without limitation in the term \"modification\".)\r\n\r\n \"Source code\" for a work means the preferred form of the work for\r\nmaking modifications to it. For a library, complete source code means\r\nall the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated\r\ninterface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation\r\nand installation of the library.\r\n\r\n Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not\r\ncovered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of\r\nrunning a program using the Library is not restricted, and output from\r\nsuch a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based\r\non the Library (independent of the use of the Library in a tool for\r\nwriting it). Whether that is true depends on what the Library does\r\nand what the program that uses the Library does.\r\n\r\n 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's\r\ncomplete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that\r\nyou conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an\r\nappropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact\r\nall the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any\r\nwarranty; and distribute a copy of this License along with the\r\nLibrary.\r\n\r\n You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,\r\nand you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a\r\nfee.\r\n\f\r\n 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion\r\nof it, thus forming a work based on the Library, and copy and\r\ndistribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1\r\nabove, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:\r\n\r\n a) The modified work must itself be a software library.\r\n\r\n b) You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices\r\n stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.\r\n\r\n c) You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no\r\n charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.\r\n\r\n d) If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a\r\n table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses\r\n the facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility\r\n is invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that,\r\n in the event an application does not supply such function or\r\n table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of\r\n its purpose remains meaningful.\r\n\r\n (For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has\r\n a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the\r\n application. Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any\r\n application-supplied function or table used by this function must\r\n be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square\r\n root function must still compute square roots.)\r\n\r\nThese requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If\r\nidentifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library,\r\nand can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in\r\nthemselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those\r\nsections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you\r\ndistribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based\r\non the Library, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of\r\nthis License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the\r\nentire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote\r\nit.\r\n\r\nThus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest\r\nyour rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to\r\nexercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or\r\ncollective works based on the Library.\r\n\r\nIn addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library\r\nwith the Library (or with a work based on the Library) on a volume of\r\na storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under\r\nthe scope of this License.\r\n\r\n 3. You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public\r\nLicense instead of this License to a given copy of the Library. To do\r\nthis, you must alter all the notices that refer to this License, so\r\nthat they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License, version 2,\r\ninstead of to this License. (If a newer version than version 2 of the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License has appeared, then you can specify\r\nthat version instead if you wish.) Do not make any other change in\r\nthese notices.\r\n\f\r\n Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for\r\nthat copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all\r\nsubsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy.\r\n\r\n This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of\r\nthe Library into a program that is not a library.\r\n\r\n 4. You may copy and distribute the Library (or a portion or\r\nderivative of it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form\r\nunder the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany\r\nit with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which\r\nmust be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a\r\nmedium customarily used for software interchange.\r\n\r\n If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy\r\nfrom a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the\r\nsource code from the same place satisfies the requirement to\r\ndistribute the source code, even though third parties are not\r\ncompelled to copy the source along with the object code.\r\n\r\n 5. A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the\r\nLibrary, but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled or\r\nlinked with it, is called a \"work that uses the Library\". Such a\r\nwork, in isolation, is not a derivative work of the Library, and\r\ntherefore falls outside the scope of this License.\r\n\r\n However, linking a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library\r\ncreates an executable that is a derivative of the Library (because it\r\ncontains portions of the Library), rather than a \"work that uses the\r\nlibrary\". The executable is therefore covered by this License.\r\nSection 6 states terms for distribution of such executables.\r\n\r\n When a \"work that uses the Library\" uses material from a header file\r\nthat is part of the Library, the object code for the work may be a\r\nderivative work of the Library even though the source code is not.\r\nWhether this is true is especially significant if the work can be\r\nlinked without the Library, or if the work is itself a library. The\r\nthreshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law.\r\n\r\n If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data\r\nstructure layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline\r\nfunctions (ten lines or less in length), then the use of the object\r\nfile is unrestricted, regardless of whether it is legally a derivative\r\nwork. (Executables containing this object code plus portions of the\r\nLibrary will still fall under Section 6.)\r\n\r\n Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the Library, you may\r\ndistribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6.\r\nAny executables containing that work also fall under Section 6,\r\nwhether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself.\r\n\f\r\n 6. As an exception to the Sections above, you may also combine or\r\nlink a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library to produce a\r\nwork containing portions of the Library, and distribute that work\r\nunder terms of your choice, provided that the terms permit\r\nmodification of the work for the customer's own use and reverse\r\nengineering for debugging such modifications.\r\n\r\n You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the\r\nLibrary is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by\r\nthis License. You must supply a copy of this License. If the work\r\nduring execution displays copyright notices, you must include the\r\ncopyright notice for the Library among them, as well as a reference\r\ndirecting the user to the copy of this License. Also, you must do one\r\nof these things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the work with the complete corresponding\r\n machine-readable source code for the Library including whatever\r\n changes were used in the work (which must be distributed under\r\n Sections 1 and 2 above); and, if the work is an executable linked\r\n with the Library, with the complete machine-readable \"work that\r\n uses the Library\", as object code and/or source code, so that the\r\n user can modify the Library and then relink to produce a modified\r\n executable containing the modified Library. (It is understood\r\n that the user who changes the contents of definitions files in the\r\n Library will not necessarily be able to recompile the application\r\n to use the modified definitions.)\r\n\r\n b) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the\r\n Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (1) uses at run time a\r\n copy of the library already present on the user's computer system,\r\n rather than copying library functions into the executable, and (2)\r\n will operate properly with a modified version of the library, if\r\n the user installs one, as long as the modified version is\r\n interface-compatible with the version that the work was made with.\r\n\r\n c) Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at\r\n least three years, to give the same user the materials\r\n specified in Subsection 6a, above, for a charge no more\r\n than the cost of performing this distribution.\r\n\r\n d) If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy\r\n from a designated place, offer equivalent access to copy the above\r\n specified materials from the same place.\r\n\r\n e) Verify that the user has already received a copy of these\r\n materials or that you have already sent this user a copy.\r\n\r\n For an executable, the required form of the \"work that uses the\r\nLibrary\" must include any data and utility programs needed for\r\nreproducing the executable from it. However, as a special exception,\r\nthe materials to be distributed need not include anything that is\r\nnormally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major\r\ncomponents (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on\r\nwhich the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies\r\nthe executable.\r\n\r\n It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license\r\nrestrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally\r\naccompany the operating system. Such a contradiction means you cannot\r\nuse both them and the Library together in an executable that you\r\ndistribute.\r\n\f\r\n 7. You may place library facilities that are a work based on the\r\nLibrary side-by-side in a single library together with other library\r\nfacilities not covered by this License, and distribute such a combined\r\nlibrary, provided that the separate distribution of the work based on\r\nthe Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise\r\npermitted, and provided that you do these two things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work\r\n based on the Library, uncombined with any other library\r\n facilities. This must be distributed under the terms of the\r\n Sections above.\r\n\r\n b) Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact\r\n that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining\r\n where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.\r\n\r\n 8. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute\r\nthe Library except as expressly provided under this License. Any\r\nattempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or\r\ndistribute the Library is void, and will automatically terminate your\r\nrights under this License. However, parties who have received copies,\r\nor rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses\r\nterminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.\r\n\r\n 9. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not\r\nsigned it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or\r\ndistribute the Library or its derivative works. These actions are\r\nprohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by\r\nmodifying or distributing the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and\r\nall its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying\r\nthe Library or works based on it.\r\n\r\n 10. Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), the recipient automatically receives a license from the\r\noriginal licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the Library\r\nsubject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further\r\nrestrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.\r\nYou are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with\r\nthis License.\r\n\f\r\n 11. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent\r\ninfringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),\r\nconditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or\r\notherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not\r\nexcuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot\r\ndistribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this\r\nLicense and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you\r\nmay not distribute the Library at all. For example, if a patent\r\nlicense would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Library by\r\nall those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then\r\nthe only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to\r\nrefrain entirely from distribution of the Library.\r\n\r\nIf any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any\r\nparticular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply,\r\nand the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.\r\n\r\nIt is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any\r\npatents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any\r\nsuch claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the\r\nintegrity of the free software distribution system which is\r\nimplemented by public license practices. Many people have made\r\ngenerous contributions to the wide range of software distributed\r\nthrough that system in reliance on consistent application of that\r\nsystem; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing\r\nto distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot\r\nimpose that choice.\r\n\r\nThis section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to\r\nbe a consequence of the rest of this License.\r\n\r\n 12. If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in\r\ncertain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the\r\noriginal copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add\r\nan explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries,\r\nso that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus\r\nexcluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if\r\nwritten in the body of this License.\r\n\r\n 13. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new\r\nversions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time.\r\nSuch new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version,\r\nbut may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.\r\n\r\nEach version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library\r\nspecifies a version number of this License which applies to it and\r\n\"any later version\", you have the option of following the terms and\r\nconditions either of that version or of any later version published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation. If the Library does not specify a\r\nlicense version number, you may choose any version ever published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation.\r\n\f\r\n 14. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free\r\nprograms whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these,\r\nwrite to the author to ask for permission. For software which is\r\ncopyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free\r\nSoftware Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our\r\ndecision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status\r\nof all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing\r\nand reuse of software generally.\r\n\r\n NO WARRANTY\r\n\r\n 15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO\r\nWARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.\r\nEXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR\r\nOTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY \"AS IS\" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY\r\nKIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\r\nIMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR\r\nPURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE\r\nLIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME\r\nTHE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.\r\n\r\n 16. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN\r\nWRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY\r\nAND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU\r\nFOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR\r\nCONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE\r\nLIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING\r\nRENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A\r\nFAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF\r\nSUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH\r\nDAMAGES.\r\n\r\n END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS\r\n\r\n How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries\r\n\r\n If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest\r\npossible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that\r\neveryone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting\r\nredistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the\r\nordinary General Public License).\r\n\r\n To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is\r\nsafest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively\r\nconvey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the\r\n\"copyright\" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.\r\n\r\n <one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.>\r\n Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>\r\n\r\n This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\r\n modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either\r\n version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.\r\n\r\n This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\r\n but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\r\n MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "tsunami" }, { "word": "2004 Indian Ocean tsunami" }, { "word": "2004 Sumatra Andaman earthquake" }, { "word": "dynamic earthquake rupture" }, { "word": "HPC" }, { "word": "megathrust modeling" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-08-08T19:36:12+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-16T21:35:08+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-16T21:35:08+02:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-021-00863-5", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/s9263", "authors": [ { "pk": 4178, "first_name": "Thomas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ulrich", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-4164-8933" }, { "pk": 1610, "first_name": "Alice-Agnes", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gabriel", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0003-0112-8412" }, { "pk": 1621, "first_name": "Elizabeth", "middle_name": "H", "last_name": "Madden", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-6753-6788" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Sumatra_Ulrich.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/39/download/73/" }, { "original_filename": "Sumatra_Ulrich.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/39/download/74/" }, { "original_filename": "Sumatra_Ulrich_revised_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/39/download/4650/" }, { "original_filename": "Sumatra_Ulrich_revised_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/39/download/4658/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 40, "title": "Variability of headwater stream network extents controlled by flow regime and network hydraulic scaling", "abstract": "Stream networks expand and contract through time, impacting chemical export, aquatic ecosystem habitat, and water quality. Although recent advances improve prediction of the extent of the wetted channel network (L) based on discharge at the catchment outlet (Q), controls on the temporal variability of L remain poorly understood and unquantified. Here we develop a quantitative, conceptual framework to explore how flow regime and stream network hydraulic scaling factors co-determine the relative temporal variability in L. Network hydraulic scaling determines how much L changes for a change in Q, while the flow regime describes how Q changes in time. We compiled datasets of co-located dynamic stream extent mapping and discharge to analyze all globally available empirical data using the presented framework. We found that although variability in L is universally dampened relative to variability in Q (i.e., streamflow is relatively more variable in time than network extent), the relationship is elastic, meaning that for a given increase in the variability in Q, headwater catchments will experience greater-than-proportional increases in the variability of L. Thus, under anticipated climatic shifts towards more volatile precipitation, relative variability in headwater stream network extents can be expected to increase even more than the relative variability of discharge itself. Comparison between network extents inferred from the L-Q relationship and USGS topographic maps shows widespread underestimation of the wetted channel network by the mapped extent of both perennial and dynamic stream extents.", "license": { "name": "Academic Free License (AFL) 3.0", "short_name": "AFL 3.0", "text": "Academic Free License (\"AFL\") v. 3.0\r\nThis Academic Free License (the \"License\") applies to any original work of authorship (the \"Original Work\") whose owner (the \"Licensor\") has placed the following licensing notice adjacent to the copyright notice for the Original Work:\r\n\r\nLicensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0\r\n\r\n1) Grant of Copyright License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, for the duration of the copyright, to do the following:\r\n\r\na) to reproduce the Original Work in copies, either alone or as part of a collective work;\r\n\r\nb) to translate, adapt, alter, transform, modify, or arrange the Original Work, thereby creating derivative works (\"Derivative Works\") based upon the Original Work;\r\n\r\nc) to distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work and Derivative Works to the public, under any license of your choice that does not contradict the terms and conditions, including Licensor's reserved rights and remedies, in this Academic Free License;\r\n\r\nd) to perform the Original Work publicly; and\r\n\r\ne) to display the Original Work publicly.\r\n\r\n2) Grant of Patent License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, under patent claims owned or controlled by the Licensor that are embodied in the Original Work as furnished by the Licensor, for the duration of the patents, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, and import the Original Work and Derivative Works.\r\n\r\n3) Grant of Source Code License. The term \"Source Code\" means the preferred form of the Original Work for making modifications to it and all available documentation describing how to modify the Original Work. Licensor agrees to provide a machine-readable copy of the Source Code of the Original Work along with each copy of the Original Work that Licensor distributes. Licensor reserves the right to satisfy this obligation by placing a machine-readable copy of the Source Code in an information repository reasonably calculated to permit inexpensive and convenient access by You for as long as Licensor continues to distribute the Original Work.\r\n\r\n4) Exclusions From License Grant. Neither the names of Licensor, nor the names of any contributors to the Original Work, nor any of their trademarks or service marks, may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this Original Work without express prior permission of the Licensor. Except as expressly stated herein, nothing in this License grants any license to Licensor's trademarks, copyrights, patents, trade secrets or any other intellectual property. No patent license is granted to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, or import embodiments of any patent claims other than the licensed claims defined in Section 2. No license is granted to the trademarks of Licensor even if such marks are included in the Original Work. Nothing in this License shall be interpreted to prohibit Licensor from licensing under terms different from this License any Original Work that Licensor otherwise would have a right to license.\r\n\r\n5) External Deployment. The term \"External Deployment\" means the use, distribution, or communication of the Original Work or Derivative Works in any way such that the Original Work or Derivative Works may be used by anyone other than You, whether those works are distributed or communicated to those persons or made available as an application intended for use over a network. As an express condition for the grants of license hereunder, You must treat any External Deployment by You of the Original Work or a Derivative Work as a distribution under section 1(c).\r\n\r\n6) Attribution Rights. You must retain, in the Source Code of any Derivative Works that You create, all copyright, patent, or trademark notices from the Source Code of the Original Work, as well as any notices of licensing and any descriptive text identified therein as an \"Attribution Notice.\" You must cause the Source Code for any Derivative Works that You create to carry a prominent Attribution Notice reasonably calculated to inform recipients that You have modified the Original Work.\r\n\r\n7) Warranty of Provenance and Disclaimer of Warranty. Licensor warrants that the copyright in and to the Original Work and the patent rights granted herein by Licensor are owned by the Licensor or are sublicensed to You under the terms of this License with the permission of the contributor(s) of those copyrights and patent rights. Except as expressly stated in the immediately preceding sentence, the Original Work is provided under this License on an \"AS IS\" BASIS and WITHOUT WARRANTY, either express or implied, including, without limitation, the warranties of non-infringement, merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY OF THE ORIGINAL WORK IS WITH YOU. This DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY constitutes an essential part of this License. No license to the Original Work is granted by this License except under this disclaimer.\r\n\r\n8) Limitation of Liability. Under no circumstances and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, shall the Licensor be liable to anyone for any indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or the use of the Original Work including, without limitation, damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses. This limitation of liability shall not apply to the extent applicable law prohibits such limitation.\r\n\r\n9) Acceptance and Termination. If, at any time, You expressly assented to this License, that assent indicates your clear and irrevocable acceptance of this License and all of its terms and conditions. If You distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work or a Derivative Work, You must make a reasonable effort under the circumstances to obtain the express assent of recipients to the terms of this License. This License conditions your rights to undertake the activities listed in Section 1, including your right to create Derivative Works based upon the Original Work, and doing so without honoring these terms and conditions is prohibited by copyright law and international treaty. Nothing in this License is intended to affect copyright exceptions and limitations (including \"fair use\" or \"fair dealing\"). This License shall terminate immediately and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License upon your failure to honor the conditions in Section 1(c).\r\n\r\n10) Termination for Patent Action. This License shall terminate automatically and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License as of the date You commence an action, including a cross-claim or counterclaim, against Licensor or any licensee alleging that the Original Work infringes a patent. This termination provision shall not apply for an action alleging patent infringement by combinations of the Original Work with other software or hardware.\r\n\r\n11) Jurisdiction, Venue and Governing Law. Any action or suit relating to this License may be brought only in the courts of a jurisdiction wherein the Licensor resides or in which Licensor conducts its primary business, and under the laws of that jurisdiction excluding its conflict-of-law provisions. The application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is expressly excluded. Any use of the Original Work outside the scope of this License or after its termination shall be subject to the requirements and penalties of copyright or patent law in the appropriate jurisdiction. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n12) Attorneys' Fees. In any action to enforce the terms of this License or seeking damages relating thereto, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover its costs and expenses, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and costs incurred in connection with such action, including any appeal of such action. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n13) Miscellaneous. If any provision of this License is held to be unenforceable, such provision shall be reformed only to the extent necessary to make it enforceable.\r\n\r\n14) Definition of \"You\" in This License. \"You\" throughout this License, whether in upper or lower case, means an individual or a legal entity exercising rights under, and complying with all of the terms of, this License. For legal entities, \"You\" includes any entity that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with you. For purposes of this definition, \"control\" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.\r\n\r\n15) Right to Use. You may use the Original Work in all ways not otherwise restricted or conditioned by this License or by law, and Licensor promises not to interfere with or be responsible for such uses by You.\r\n\r\n16) Modification of This License. This License is Copyright © 2005 Lawrence Rosen. Permission is granted to copy, distribute, or communicate this License without modification. Nothing in this License permits You to modify this License as applied to the Original Work or to Derivative Works. However, You may modify the text of this License and copy, distribute or communicate your modified version (the \"Modified License\") and apply it to other original works of authorship subject to the following conditions: (i) You may not indicate in any way that your Modified License is the \"Academic Free License\" or \"AFL\" and you may not use those names in the name of your Modified License; (ii) You must replace the notice specified in the first paragraph above with the notice \"Licensed under <insert your license name here>\" or with a notice of your own that is not confusingly similar to the notice in this License; and (iii) You may not claim that your original works are open source software unless your Modified License has been approved by Open Source Initiative (OSI) and You comply with its license review and certification process.", "url": "http://opensource.org/licenses/AFL-3.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "aquatic ecosystem habitat" }, { "word": "flow regime" }, { "word": "hydrograph variability" }, { "word": "hydrography" }, { "word": "intermittent streams" }, { "word": "network hydraulic scaling" }, { "word": "perennial streams" }, { "word": "stream network extent" }, { "word": "wetted channels" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-08-07T17:10:22+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-14T18:12:07+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-14T18:12:07+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/mc6np", "authors": [ { "pk": 1972, "first_name": "Dana", "middle_name": "Ariel", "last_name": "Lapides", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0003-3366-9686" }, { "pk": 74, "first_name": "Christine", "middle_name": "Denise", "last_name": "Leclerc", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7967, "first_name": "Hana", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Moidu", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 1750, "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "Nicholas", "last_name": "Dralle", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-1944-2103" }, { "pk": 13846, "first_name": "W Jesse", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hahm", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Hydrology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Wetted_Channel_Variability (8).pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/40/download/75/" }, { "original_filename": "Wetted_Channel_Variability (7).pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/40/download/76/" }, { "original_filename": "Wetted_Channel_Variability (6).pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/40/download/77/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 41, "title": "GeospatialVR: A Web-based Virtual Reality Framework for Collaborative Environmental Simulations", "abstract": "This research introduces GeospatialVR, an open-source collaborative virtual reality framework to dynamically create 3D real-world environments that can be served on any web platform and accessed via desktop and mobile devices and virtual reality headsets. The framework can generate realistic simulations of desired locations entailing the terrain, elevation model, infrastructures, dynamic visualizations (e.g. water and fire simulation), and information layers (e.g. disaster damages and extent, sensor readings, occupancy, traffic, weather). These layers enable in-situ visualization of useful data to aid public, scientists, officials, and decision-makers in acquiring a bird’s eye view of the current, historical, or forecasted condition of a community. The framework incorporates multiuser support for remote virtual collaboration. GeospatialVR’s purpose is to augment cyberinfrastructure systems with immersive geospatial capabilities to assist development of next-generation information and decision support systems powered by virtual reality. Finally, several case studies have been developed for flooding, wildfire, transportation, and active shooter response.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public\r\nLicenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change\r\nfree software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.\r\n\r\n This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some\r\nspecially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the\r\nFree Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You\r\ncan use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether\r\nthis license or the ordinary General Public License is the better\r\nstrategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.\r\n\r\n When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,\r\nnot price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that\r\nyou have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge\r\nfor this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get\r\nit if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of\r\nit in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do\r\nthese things.\r\n\r\n To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid\r\ndistributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these\r\nrights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for\r\nyou if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.\r\n\r\n For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis\r\nor for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave\r\nyou. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source\r\ncode. If you link other code with the library, you must provide\r\ncomplete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them\r\nwith the library after making changes to the library and recompiling\r\nit. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.\r\n\r\n We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the\r\nlibrary, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal\r\npermission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.\r\n\r\n To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that\r\nthere is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is\r\nmodified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know\r\nthat what they have is not the original version, so that the original\r\nauthor's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be\r\nintroduced by others.\r\n\f\r\n Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of\r\nany free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot\r\neffectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a\r\nrestrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that\r\nany patent license obtained for a version of the library must be\r\nconsistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license.\r\n\r\n Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser\r\nGeneral Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and\r\nis quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use\r\nthis license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those\r\nlibraries into non-free programs.\r\n\r\n When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using\r\na shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a\r\ncombined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary\r\nGeneral Public License therefore permits such linking only if the\r\nentire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General\r\nPublic License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with\r\nthe library.\r\n\r\n We call this license the \"Lesser\" General Public License because it\r\ndoes Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General\r\nPublic License. It also provides other free software developers Less\r\nof an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages\r\nare the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many\r\nlibraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain\r\nspecial circumstances.\r\n\r\n For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to\r\nencourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes\r\na de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be\r\nallowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free\r\nlibrary does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this\r\ncase, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free\r\nsoftware only, so we use the Lesser General Public License.\r\n\r\n In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free\r\nprograms enables a greater number of people to use a large body of\r\nfree software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in\r\nnon-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU\r\noperating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating\r\nsystem.\r\n\r\n Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the\r\nusers' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is\r\nlinked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run\r\nthat program using a modified version of the Library.\r\n\r\n The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and\r\nmodification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a\r\n\"work based on the library\" and a \"work that uses the library\". The\r\nformer contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must\r\nbe combined with the library in order to run.\r\n\f\r\n GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION\r\n\r\n 0. This License Agreement applies to any software library or other\r\nprogram which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or\r\nother authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of\r\nthis Lesser General Public License (also called \"this License\").\r\nEach licensee is addressed as \"you\".\r\n\r\n A \"library\" means a collection of software functions and/or data\r\nprepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs\r\n(which use some of those functions and data) to form executables.\r\n\r\n The \"Library\", below, refers to any such software library or work\r\nwhich has been distributed under these terms. A \"work based on the\r\nLibrary\" means either the Library or any derivative work under\r\ncopyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a\r\nportion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated\r\nstraightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is\r\nincluded without limitation in the term \"modification\".)\r\n\r\n \"Source code\" for a work means the preferred form of the work for\r\nmaking modifications to it. For a library, complete source code means\r\nall the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated\r\ninterface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation\r\nand installation of the library.\r\n\r\n Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not\r\ncovered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of\r\nrunning a program using the Library is not restricted, and output from\r\nsuch a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based\r\non the Library (independent of the use of the Library in a tool for\r\nwriting it). Whether that is true depends on what the Library does\r\nand what the program that uses the Library does.\r\n\r\n 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's\r\ncomplete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that\r\nyou conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an\r\nappropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact\r\nall the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any\r\nwarranty; and distribute a copy of this License along with the\r\nLibrary.\r\n\r\n You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,\r\nand you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a\r\nfee.\r\n\f\r\n 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion\r\nof it, thus forming a work based on the Library, and copy and\r\ndistribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1\r\nabove, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:\r\n\r\n a) The modified work must itself be a software library.\r\n\r\n b) You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices\r\n stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.\r\n\r\n c) You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no\r\n charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.\r\n\r\n d) If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a\r\n table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses\r\n the facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility\r\n is invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that,\r\n in the event an application does not supply such function or\r\n table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of\r\n its purpose remains meaningful.\r\n\r\n (For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has\r\n a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the\r\n application. Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any\r\n application-supplied function or table used by this function must\r\n be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square\r\n root function must still compute square roots.)\r\n\r\nThese requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If\r\nidentifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library,\r\nand can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in\r\nthemselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those\r\nsections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you\r\ndistribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based\r\non the Library, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of\r\nthis License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the\r\nentire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote\r\nit.\r\n\r\nThus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest\r\nyour rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to\r\nexercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or\r\ncollective works based on the Library.\r\n\r\nIn addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library\r\nwith the Library (or with a work based on the Library) on a volume of\r\na storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under\r\nthe scope of this License.\r\n\r\n 3. You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public\r\nLicense instead of this License to a given copy of the Library. To do\r\nthis, you must alter all the notices that refer to this License, so\r\nthat they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License, version 2,\r\ninstead of to this License. (If a newer version than version 2 of the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License has appeared, then you can specify\r\nthat version instead if you wish.) Do not make any other change in\r\nthese notices.\r\n\f\r\n Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for\r\nthat copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all\r\nsubsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy.\r\n\r\n This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of\r\nthe Library into a program that is not a library.\r\n\r\n 4. You may copy and distribute the Library (or a portion or\r\nderivative of it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form\r\nunder the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany\r\nit with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which\r\nmust be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a\r\nmedium customarily used for software interchange.\r\n\r\n If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy\r\nfrom a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the\r\nsource code from the same place satisfies the requirement to\r\ndistribute the source code, even though third parties are not\r\ncompelled to copy the source along with the object code.\r\n\r\n 5. A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the\r\nLibrary, but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled or\r\nlinked with it, is called a \"work that uses the Library\". Such a\r\nwork, in isolation, is not a derivative work of the Library, and\r\ntherefore falls outside the scope of this License.\r\n\r\n However, linking a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library\r\ncreates an executable that is a derivative of the Library (because it\r\ncontains portions of the Library), rather than a \"work that uses the\r\nlibrary\". The executable is therefore covered by this License.\r\nSection 6 states terms for distribution of such executables.\r\n\r\n When a \"work that uses the Library\" uses material from a header file\r\nthat is part of the Library, the object code for the work may be a\r\nderivative work of the Library even though the source code is not.\r\nWhether this is true is especially significant if the work can be\r\nlinked without the Library, or if the work is itself a library. The\r\nthreshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law.\r\n\r\n If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data\r\nstructure layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline\r\nfunctions (ten lines or less in length), then the use of the object\r\nfile is unrestricted, regardless of whether it is legally a derivative\r\nwork. (Executables containing this object code plus portions of the\r\nLibrary will still fall under Section 6.)\r\n\r\n Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the Library, you may\r\ndistribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6.\r\nAny executables containing that work also fall under Section 6,\r\nwhether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself.\r\n\f\r\n 6. As an exception to the Sections above, you may also combine or\r\nlink a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library to produce a\r\nwork containing portions of the Library, and distribute that work\r\nunder terms of your choice, provided that the terms permit\r\nmodification of the work for the customer's own use and reverse\r\nengineering for debugging such modifications.\r\n\r\n You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the\r\nLibrary is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by\r\nthis License. You must supply a copy of this License. If the work\r\nduring execution displays copyright notices, you must include the\r\ncopyright notice for the Library among them, as well as a reference\r\ndirecting the user to the copy of this License. Also, you must do one\r\nof these things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the work with the complete corresponding\r\n machine-readable source code for the Library including whatever\r\n changes were used in the work (which must be distributed under\r\n Sections 1 and 2 above); and, if the work is an executable linked\r\n with the Library, with the complete machine-readable \"work that\r\n uses the Library\", as object code and/or source code, so that the\r\n user can modify the Library and then relink to produce a modified\r\n executable containing the modified Library. (It is understood\r\n that the user who changes the contents of definitions files in the\r\n Library will not necessarily be able to recompile the application\r\n to use the modified definitions.)\r\n\r\n b) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the\r\n Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (1) uses at run time a\r\n copy of the library already present on the user's computer system,\r\n rather than copying library functions into the executable, and (2)\r\n will operate properly with a modified version of the library, if\r\n the user installs one, as long as the modified version is\r\n interface-compatible with the version that the work was made with.\r\n\r\n c) Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at\r\n least three years, to give the same user the materials\r\n specified in Subsection 6a, above, for a charge no more\r\n than the cost of performing this distribution.\r\n\r\n d) If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy\r\n from a designated place, offer equivalent access to copy the above\r\n specified materials from the same place.\r\n\r\n e) Verify that the user has already received a copy of these\r\n materials or that you have already sent this user a copy.\r\n\r\n For an executable, the required form of the \"work that uses the\r\nLibrary\" must include any data and utility programs needed for\r\nreproducing the executable from it. However, as a special exception,\r\nthe materials to be distributed need not include anything that is\r\nnormally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major\r\ncomponents (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on\r\nwhich the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies\r\nthe executable.\r\n\r\n It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license\r\nrestrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally\r\naccompany the operating system. Such a contradiction means you cannot\r\nuse both them and the Library together in an executable that you\r\ndistribute.\r\n\f\r\n 7. You may place library facilities that are a work based on the\r\nLibrary side-by-side in a single library together with other library\r\nfacilities not covered by this License, and distribute such a combined\r\nlibrary, provided that the separate distribution of the work based on\r\nthe Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise\r\npermitted, and provided that you do these two things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work\r\n based on the Library, uncombined with any other library\r\n facilities. This must be distributed under the terms of the\r\n Sections above.\r\n\r\n b) Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact\r\n that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining\r\n where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.\r\n\r\n 8. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute\r\nthe Library except as expressly provided under this License. Any\r\nattempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or\r\ndistribute the Library is void, and will automatically terminate your\r\nrights under this License. However, parties who have received copies,\r\nor rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses\r\nterminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.\r\n\r\n 9. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not\r\nsigned it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or\r\ndistribute the Library or its derivative works. These actions are\r\nprohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by\r\nmodifying or distributing the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and\r\nall its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying\r\nthe Library or works based on it.\r\n\r\n 10. Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), the recipient automatically receives a license from the\r\noriginal licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the Library\r\nsubject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further\r\nrestrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.\r\nYou are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with\r\nthis License.\r\n\f\r\n 11. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent\r\ninfringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),\r\nconditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or\r\notherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not\r\nexcuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot\r\ndistribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this\r\nLicense and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you\r\nmay not distribute the Library at all. For example, if a patent\r\nlicense would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Library by\r\nall those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then\r\nthe only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to\r\nrefrain entirely from distribution of the Library.\r\n\r\nIf any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any\r\nparticular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply,\r\nand the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.\r\n\r\nIt is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any\r\npatents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any\r\nsuch claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the\r\nintegrity of the free software distribution system which is\r\nimplemented by public license practices. Many people have made\r\ngenerous contributions to the wide range of software distributed\r\nthrough that system in reliance on consistent application of that\r\nsystem; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing\r\nto distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot\r\nimpose that choice.\r\n\r\nThis section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to\r\nbe a consequence of the rest of this License.\r\n\r\n 12. If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in\r\ncertain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the\r\noriginal copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add\r\nan explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries,\r\nso that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus\r\nexcluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if\r\nwritten in the body of this License.\r\n\r\n 13. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new\r\nversions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time.\r\nSuch new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version,\r\nbut may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.\r\n\r\nEach version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library\r\nspecifies a version number of this License which applies to it and\r\n\"any later version\", you have the option of following the terms and\r\nconditions either of that version or of any later version published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation. If the Library does not specify a\r\nlicense version number, you may choose any version ever published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation.\r\n\f\r\n 14. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free\r\nprograms whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these,\r\nwrite to the author to ask for permission. For software which is\r\ncopyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free\r\nSoftware Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our\r\ndecision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status\r\nof all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing\r\nand reuse of software generally.\r\n\r\n NO WARRANTY\r\n\r\n 15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO\r\nWARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.\r\nEXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR\r\nOTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY \"AS IS\" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY\r\nKIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\r\nIMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR\r\nPURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE\r\nLIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME\r\nTHE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.\r\n\r\n 16. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN\r\nWRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY\r\nAND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU\r\nFOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR\r\nCONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE\r\nLIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING\r\nRENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A\r\nFAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF\r\nSUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH\r\nDAMAGES.\r\n\r\n END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS\r\n\r\n How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries\r\n\r\n If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest\r\npossible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that\r\neveryone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting\r\nredistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the\r\nordinary General Public License).\r\n\r\n To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is\r\nsafest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively\r\nconvey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the\r\n\"copyright\" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.\r\n\r\n <one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.>\r\n Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>\r\n\r\n This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\r\n modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either\r\n version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.\r\n\r\n This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\r\n but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\r\n MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "decision-support systems" }, { "word": "disaster management" }, { "word": "geospatial visualization" }, { "word": "virtual reality" }, { "word": "web-based interaction" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-08-07T01:40:53+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-08T21:22:26+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-08T21:22:26+02:00", "doi": "http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2021.105010", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/ks2yz", "authors": [ { "pk": 3903, "first_name": "Yusuf", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sermet", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 3764, "first_name": "Ibrahim", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Demir", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering" }, { "name": "Computer Sciences" }, { "name": "Databases and Information Systems" }, { "name": "Engineering" }, { "name": "Environmental Engineering" }, { "name": "Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment" }, { "name": "Environmental Monitoring" }, { "name": "Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Graphics and Human Computer Interfaces" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "manuscript.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/41/download/78/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 42, "title": "Isotropic and Azimuthally Anisotropic Rayleigh Wave Dispersion Across the Juan de Fuca and Gorda Plates and U.S. Cascadia from Earthquake Data and Ambient Noise Two- and Three-Station Interferometry", "abstract": "We use data from the Cascadia Initiative (CI) amphibious array and the USArray Transportable Array to construct and compare Rayleigh wave isotropic and azimuthally anisotropic phase speed maps across the Juan de Fuca and Gorda Plates extending onto the continental north- western United States. Results from both earthquakes (28–80 s) as well as ambient noise two- and three-station interferometry (10–40 s) are produced. Compared with two-station interferometry, three-station direct wave interferometry provides >50 per cent improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio and the number of dispersion measurements obtained, particularly in the noisier oceanic environment. Earthquake and ambient noise results are complementary in bandwidth and azimuthal coverage, and agree within about twice the estimated uncertainties of each method. We, therefore, combine measurements from the different methods to produce composite results that provide an improved data set in accuracy, resolution and spatial and azimuthal coverage over each individual method. A great variety of both isotropic and azimuthally anisotropic structures are resolved. Across the oceanic plate, fast directions of anisotropy with 180◦ periodicity (2ψ) generally align with palaeo-spreading directions while 2ψ amplitudes mostly increase with lithospheric age, both displaying substantial variations with depth and age. Strong (>3 per cent) apparent anisotropy with 360◦ periodicity (1ψ) is observed at long periods (>50 s) surrounding the Cascade Range, probably caused by backscattering from heterogeneous isotropic structures.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "seismic noise" }, { "word": "Seismic interferometry" }, { "word": "Seismic tomography" }, { "word": "Structure of the Earth" }, { "word": "Surface waves and free oscillations" }, { "word": "Seismic anisotropy" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-08-06T23:35:12+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-08T21:24:11+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-08T21:24:11+02:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab142", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/p4mnb", "authors": [ { "pk": 1584, "first_name": "Shane", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zhang", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0001-6042-177X" }, { "pk": 6752, "first_name": "Hongda", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wang", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7991, "first_name": "Mengyu", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wu", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7839, "first_name": "Michael", "middle_name": "H.", "last_name": "Ritzwoller", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Physics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Zhang_etal_2020.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/42/download/79/" }, { "original_filename": "Zhang_etal_2021.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/42/download/4913/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4792450", "label": "Supplementary File" } ] }, { "pk": 43, "title": "A Source Clustering Approach for Efficient Inundation Modeling and Regional Scale PTHA", "abstract": "For coastal regions on the margin of a subduction zone, near-field megathrust earthquakes are the source of the most extreme tsunami hazards, and are important to handle properly as one aspect of any Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment (PTHA). Typically, great variability in inundation depth at any point is possible due to the extreme variation in extent and pattern of slip over the fault surface. In this context, we present an approach to estimating inundation depth probabilities (in the form of hazard curves at a set of coastal locations) that consists of two components. The first component uses a Karhunen-Loève expansion to express the probability density function (PDF) for all possible events, with PDF parameters that are geophysically reasonable for the Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ). It is then easy and computationally cheap to generate a large $N$ number of samples from this PDF; doing so and performing a full tsunami inundation simulation for each provides a brute force approach to estimating probabilities of inundation. However, to obtain reasonable results, particularly for extreme flooding due to rare events, $N$ would have to be so large as to make the tsunami simulations prohibitively expensive. The second component tackles this difficulty by using importance sampling techniques to adequately sample the tails of the distribution and properly re-weight the probability assigned to the resulting realizations, and by grouping the realizations into a small number of clusters that we believe will give similar inundation patterns in the region of interest. In this approach, only one fine-grid tsunami simulation need be computed from a representative member of each cluster. We discuss clustering based on proxy quantities that are cheap to compute over a large number of realizations, but that can identify a smaller number of clusters of realizations that will have similar inundation depths. The fine-grid simulations for each cluster representative can also be used to develop an improved strategy, in which these are combined with cheaper coarse-grid simulations of other members of the cluster. We illustrate the methodology by considering two coastal locations: Crescent City, CA and Westport, WA.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "clustering" }, { "word": "GeoClaw" }, { "word": "Karhunen-Loève expansion" }, { "word": "probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment" }, { "word": "stochastic earthquakes" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-08-06T15:39:46+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-14T18:15:36+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-14T18:15:36+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/yreqw", "authors": [ { "pk": 77, "first_name": "Amy", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Williamson", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 1730, "first_name": "Donsub", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rim", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": "0000-0002-6721-2070" }, { "pk": 8011, "first_name": "Loyce", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Adams", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 4240, "first_name": "Randall", "middle_name": "J", "last_name": "LeVeque", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 3880, "first_name": "Diego", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Melgar", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0001-6259-1852" }, { "pk": 10471, "first_name": "Frank", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gonzalez", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "PTHA_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/43/download/80/" }, { "original_filename": "PTHA_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/43/download/81/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 44, "title": "Bedload transport in rivers: size matters but so does shape!", "abstract": "Bedload transport modelling in rivers, which defines the threshold for pebble movement, takes into account the size and density of pebbles, but does not formally consider particle shape. The lack of analyses evaluating the influences of shape and density on particle mobility presents a major deficiency. To address this issue and to compare the relative roles of the density and shape of particles, we performed original sediment transport experiments in an annular flume using molded artificial pebbles equipped with a radio frequency identification tracking system. The particles were designed with four distinct shapes and four different densities while having the same volume, and their speeds and distances traveled under constant hydraulic conditions were analyzed. The results show that particle shape has more influence than particle density on the resting time between particle displacement and the mean traveling distance. For all densities investigated, the particle shape systematically induced differences in travel distance that were strongly correlated (R² = 0.94) with the Sneed and Folks shape index. Such shape influences, although often mentioned, are here quantified for the first time, demonstrating why and how they can be included in bedload transport models.S", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public\r\nLicenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change\r\nfree software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.\r\n\r\n This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some\r\nspecially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the\r\nFree Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You\r\ncan use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether\r\nthis license or the ordinary General Public License is the better\r\nstrategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.\r\n\r\n When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,\r\nnot price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that\r\nyou have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge\r\nfor this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get\r\nit if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of\r\nit in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do\r\nthese things.\r\n\r\n To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid\r\ndistributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these\r\nrights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for\r\nyou if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.\r\n\r\n For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis\r\nor for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave\r\nyou. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source\r\ncode. If you link other code with the library, you must provide\r\ncomplete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them\r\nwith the library after making changes to the library and recompiling\r\nit. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.\r\n\r\n We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the\r\nlibrary, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal\r\npermission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.\r\n\r\n To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that\r\nthere is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is\r\nmodified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know\r\nthat what they have is not the original version, so that the original\r\nauthor's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be\r\nintroduced by others.\r\n\f\r\n Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of\r\nany free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot\r\neffectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a\r\nrestrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that\r\nany patent license obtained for a version of the library must be\r\nconsistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license.\r\n\r\n Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser\r\nGeneral Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and\r\nis quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use\r\nthis license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those\r\nlibraries into non-free programs.\r\n\r\n When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using\r\na shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a\r\ncombined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary\r\nGeneral Public License therefore permits such linking only if the\r\nentire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General\r\nPublic License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with\r\nthe library.\r\n\r\n We call this license the \"Lesser\" General Public License because it\r\ndoes Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General\r\nPublic License. It also provides other free software developers Less\r\nof an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages\r\nare the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many\r\nlibraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain\r\nspecial circumstances.\r\n\r\n For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to\r\nencourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes\r\na de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be\r\nallowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free\r\nlibrary does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this\r\ncase, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free\r\nsoftware only, so we use the Lesser General Public License.\r\n\r\n In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free\r\nprograms enables a greater number of people to use a large body of\r\nfree software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in\r\nnon-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU\r\noperating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating\r\nsystem.\r\n\r\n Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the\r\nusers' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is\r\nlinked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run\r\nthat program using a modified version of the Library.\r\n\r\n The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and\r\nmodification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a\r\n\"work based on the library\" and a \"work that uses the library\". The\r\nformer contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must\r\nbe combined with the library in order to run.\r\n\f\r\n GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION\r\n\r\n 0. This License Agreement applies to any software library or other\r\nprogram which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or\r\nother authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of\r\nthis Lesser General Public License (also called \"this License\").\r\nEach licensee is addressed as \"you\".\r\n\r\n A \"library\" means a collection of software functions and/or data\r\nprepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs\r\n(which use some of those functions and data) to form executables.\r\n\r\n The \"Library\", below, refers to any such software library or work\r\nwhich has been distributed under these terms. A \"work based on the\r\nLibrary\" means either the Library or any derivative work under\r\ncopyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a\r\nportion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated\r\nstraightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is\r\nincluded without limitation in the term \"modification\".)\r\n\r\n \"Source code\" for a work means the preferred form of the work for\r\nmaking modifications to it. For a library, complete source code means\r\nall the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated\r\ninterface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation\r\nand installation of the library.\r\n\r\n Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not\r\ncovered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of\r\nrunning a program using the Library is not restricted, and output from\r\nsuch a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based\r\non the Library (independent of the use of the Library in a tool for\r\nwriting it). Whether that is true depends on what the Library does\r\nand what the program that uses the Library does.\r\n\r\n 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's\r\ncomplete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that\r\nyou conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an\r\nappropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact\r\nall the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any\r\nwarranty; and distribute a copy of this License along with the\r\nLibrary.\r\n\r\n You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,\r\nand you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a\r\nfee.\r\n\f\r\n 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion\r\nof it, thus forming a work based on the Library, and copy and\r\ndistribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1\r\nabove, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:\r\n\r\n a) The modified work must itself be a software library.\r\n\r\n b) You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices\r\n stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.\r\n\r\n c) You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no\r\n charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.\r\n\r\n d) If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a\r\n table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses\r\n the facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility\r\n is invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that,\r\n in the event an application does not supply such function or\r\n table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of\r\n its purpose remains meaningful.\r\n\r\n (For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has\r\n a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the\r\n application. Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any\r\n application-supplied function or table used by this function must\r\n be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square\r\n root function must still compute square roots.)\r\n\r\nThese requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If\r\nidentifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library,\r\nand can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in\r\nthemselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those\r\nsections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you\r\ndistribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based\r\non the Library, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of\r\nthis License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the\r\nentire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote\r\nit.\r\n\r\nThus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest\r\nyour rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to\r\nexercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or\r\ncollective works based on the Library.\r\n\r\nIn addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library\r\nwith the Library (or with a work based on the Library) on a volume of\r\na storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under\r\nthe scope of this License.\r\n\r\n 3. You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public\r\nLicense instead of this License to a given copy of the Library. To do\r\nthis, you must alter all the notices that refer to this License, so\r\nthat they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License, version 2,\r\ninstead of to this License. (If a newer version than version 2 of the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License has appeared, then you can specify\r\nthat version instead if you wish.) Do not make any other change in\r\nthese notices.\r\n\f\r\n Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for\r\nthat copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all\r\nsubsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy.\r\n\r\n This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of\r\nthe Library into a program that is not a library.\r\n\r\n 4. You may copy and distribute the Library (or a portion or\r\nderivative of it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form\r\nunder the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany\r\nit with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which\r\nmust be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a\r\nmedium customarily used for software interchange.\r\n\r\n If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy\r\nfrom a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the\r\nsource code from the same place satisfies the requirement to\r\ndistribute the source code, even though third parties are not\r\ncompelled to copy the source along with the object code.\r\n\r\n 5. A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the\r\nLibrary, but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled or\r\nlinked with it, is called a \"work that uses the Library\". Such a\r\nwork, in isolation, is not a derivative work of the Library, and\r\ntherefore falls outside the scope of this License.\r\n\r\n However, linking a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library\r\ncreates an executable that is a derivative of the Library (because it\r\ncontains portions of the Library), rather than a \"work that uses the\r\nlibrary\". The executable is therefore covered by this License.\r\nSection 6 states terms for distribution of such executables.\r\n\r\n When a \"work that uses the Library\" uses material from a header file\r\nthat is part of the Library, the object code for the work may be a\r\nderivative work of the Library even though the source code is not.\r\nWhether this is true is especially significant if the work can be\r\nlinked without the Library, or if the work is itself a library. The\r\nthreshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law.\r\n\r\n If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data\r\nstructure layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline\r\nfunctions (ten lines or less in length), then the use of the object\r\nfile is unrestricted, regardless of whether it is legally a derivative\r\nwork. (Executables containing this object code plus portions of the\r\nLibrary will still fall under Section 6.)\r\n\r\n Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the Library, you may\r\ndistribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6.\r\nAny executables containing that work also fall under Section 6,\r\nwhether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself.\r\n\f\r\n 6. As an exception to the Sections above, you may also combine or\r\nlink a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library to produce a\r\nwork containing portions of the Library, and distribute that work\r\nunder terms of your choice, provided that the terms permit\r\nmodification of the work for the customer's own use and reverse\r\nengineering for debugging such modifications.\r\n\r\n You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the\r\nLibrary is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by\r\nthis License. You must supply a copy of this License. If the work\r\nduring execution displays copyright notices, you must include the\r\ncopyright notice for the Library among them, as well as a reference\r\ndirecting the user to the copy of this License. Also, you must do one\r\nof these things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the work with the complete corresponding\r\n machine-readable source code for the Library including whatever\r\n changes were used in the work (which must be distributed under\r\n Sections 1 and 2 above); and, if the work is an executable linked\r\n with the Library, with the complete machine-readable \"work that\r\n uses the Library\", as object code and/or source code, so that the\r\n user can modify the Library and then relink to produce a modified\r\n executable containing the modified Library. (It is understood\r\n that the user who changes the contents of definitions files in the\r\n Library will not necessarily be able to recompile the application\r\n to use the modified definitions.)\r\n\r\n b) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the\r\n Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (1) uses at run time a\r\n copy of the library already present on the user's computer system,\r\n rather than copying library functions into the executable, and (2)\r\n will operate properly with a modified version of the library, if\r\n the user installs one, as long as the modified version is\r\n interface-compatible with the version that the work was made with.\r\n\r\n c) Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at\r\n least three years, to give the same user the materials\r\n specified in Subsection 6a, above, for a charge no more\r\n than the cost of performing this distribution.\r\n\r\n d) If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy\r\n from a designated place, offer equivalent access to copy the above\r\n specified materials from the same place.\r\n\r\n e) Verify that the user has already received a copy of these\r\n materials or that you have already sent this user a copy.\r\n\r\n For an executable, the required form of the \"work that uses the\r\nLibrary\" must include any data and utility programs needed for\r\nreproducing the executable from it. However, as a special exception,\r\nthe materials to be distributed need not include anything that is\r\nnormally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major\r\ncomponents (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on\r\nwhich the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies\r\nthe executable.\r\n\r\n It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license\r\nrestrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally\r\naccompany the operating system. Such a contradiction means you cannot\r\nuse both them and the Library together in an executable that you\r\ndistribute.\r\n\f\r\n 7. You may place library facilities that are a work based on the\r\nLibrary side-by-side in a single library together with other library\r\nfacilities not covered by this License, and distribute such a combined\r\nlibrary, provided that the separate distribution of the work based on\r\nthe Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise\r\npermitted, and provided that you do these two things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work\r\n based on the Library, uncombined with any other library\r\n facilities. This must be distributed under the terms of the\r\n Sections above.\r\n\r\n b) Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact\r\n that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining\r\n where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.\r\n\r\n 8. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute\r\nthe Library except as expressly provided under this License. Any\r\nattempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or\r\ndistribute the Library is void, and will automatically terminate your\r\nrights under this License. However, parties who have received copies,\r\nor rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses\r\nterminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.\r\n\r\n 9. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not\r\nsigned it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or\r\ndistribute the Library or its derivative works. These actions are\r\nprohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by\r\nmodifying or distributing the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and\r\nall its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying\r\nthe Library or works based on it.\r\n\r\n 10. Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), the recipient automatically receives a license from the\r\noriginal licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the Library\r\nsubject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further\r\nrestrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.\r\nYou are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with\r\nthis License.\r\n\f\r\n 11. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent\r\ninfringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),\r\nconditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or\r\notherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not\r\nexcuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot\r\ndistribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this\r\nLicense and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you\r\nmay not distribute the Library at all. For example, if a patent\r\nlicense would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Library by\r\nall those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then\r\nthe only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to\r\nrefrain entirely from distribution of the Library.\r\n\r\nIf any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any\r\nparticular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply,\r\nand the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.\r\n\r\nIt is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any\r\npatents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any\r\nsuch claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the\r\nintegrity of the free software distribution system which is\r\nimplemented by public license practices. Many people have made\r\ngenerous contributions to the wide range of software distributed\r\nthrough that system in reliance on consistent application of that\r\nsystem; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing\r\nto distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot\r\nimpose that choice.\r\n\r\nThis section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to\r\nbe a consequence of the rest of this License.\r\n\r\n 12. If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in\r\ncertain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the\r\noriginal copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add\r\nan explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries,\r\nso that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus\r\nexcluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if\r\nwritten in the body of this License.\r\n\r\n 13. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new\r\nversions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time.\r\nSuch new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version,\r\nbut may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.\r\n\r\nEach version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library\r\nspecifies a version number of this License which applies to it and\r\n\"any later version\", you have the option of following the terms and\r\nconditions either of that version or of any later version published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation. If the Library does not specify a\r\nlicense version number, you may choose any version ever published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation.\r\n\f\r\n 14. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free\r\nprograms whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these,\r\nwrite to the author to ask for permission. For software which is\r\ncopyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free\r\nSoftware Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our\r\ndecision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status\r\nof all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing\r\nand reuse of software generally.\r\n\r\n NO WARRANTY\r\n\r\n 15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO\r\nWARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.\r\nEXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR\r\nOTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY \"AS IS\" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY\r\nKIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\r\nIMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR\r\nPURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE\r\nLIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME\r\nTHE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.\r\n\r\n 16. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN\r\nWRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY\r\nAND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU\r\nFOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR\r\nCONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE\r\nLIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING\r\nRENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A\r\nFAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF\r\nSUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH\r\nDAMAGES.\r\n\r\n END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS\r\n\r\n How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries\r\n\r\n If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest\r\npossible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that\r\neveryone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting\r\nredistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the\r\nordinary General Public License).\r\n\r\n To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is\r\nsafest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively\r\nconvey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the\r\n\"copyright\" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.\r\n\r\n <one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.>\r\n Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>\r\n\r\n This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\r\n modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either\r\n version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.\r\n\r\n This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\r\n but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\r\n MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Bedload transport modelling" }, { "word": "Particle shape" }, { "word": "Pebble density" }, { "word": "RFID" }, { "word": "Sediment tracking" }, { "word": "Sphericity" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-08-06T09:36:57+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-16T21:36:12+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-16T21:36:12+02:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79930-7", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/3rk2y", "authors": [ { "pk": 3955, "first_name": "Mathieu", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cassel", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 15477, "first_name": "Jérôme", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lavé", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8035, "first_name": "Alain", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Recking", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9109, "first_name": "Jean-René", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Malavoi", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 82, "first_name": "Hervé", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Piégay", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geomorphology" }, { "name": "Hydrology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Sedimentology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "EAX_SHAPEvsDENSITY.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/44/download/82/" }, { "original_filename": "SHAPEvsDENSITY.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/44/download/83/" }, { "original_filename": "EAX_SHAPEvsDENSITY_VScientific reports VF.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/44/download/5419/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 45, "title": "Taking the pulse of salt-detached gravity gliding in the eastern Mediterranean", "abstract": "We investigate early-stage salt-detached gliding using a 3D seismic dataset from the Levant Margin in the Eastern Mediterranean, where gravitational instability due to margin uplift has caused north-westward translation of the Messinian salt sheet and its Plio-Pleistocene clastic overburden. Large, NE-trending, base-salt anticlines have allowed the basinward translation to be recorded by the development of supra-salt ramp syncline basins and fluid escape pipes, the latter forming due to the leakage of gas and fluid from the anticline crests.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "gravity gliding" }, { "word": "levantine basin" }, { "word": "salt tectonics" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-08-05T18:36:53+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-05T18:54:14+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-05T18:54:14+02:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2020TC006476", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/5usv7", "authors": [ { "pk": 4233, "first_name": "Sian", "middle_name": "Lianne", "last_name": "Evans", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0003-1083-0019" }, { "pk": 1573, "first_name": "Christopher", "middle_name": "Aiden-Lee", "last_name": "Jackson", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": "0000-0002-8592-9032" }, { "pk": 3068, "first_name": "Davide", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Oppo", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0002-2866-1498" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Tectonics and Structure" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Evans et al_Ramp syncline basins_EarthArxiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/45/download/84/" }, { "original_filename": "Evans et al_Ramp syncline basins_REVISED_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/45/download/5196/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 7225, "title": "Taxon-specific hydrogen isotope signals in cultures and mesocosms facilitate ecosystem and hydroclimate reconstruction", "abstract": "<p> <!-- [if gte mso 9]&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;xml&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;o:OfficeDocumentSettings&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;o:AllowPNG/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/o:OfficeDocumentSettings&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/xml&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;![endif]--> <!-- [if gte mso 9]&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;xml&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:WordDocument&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:View&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;Normal&amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/w:View&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:Zoom&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;0&amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/w:Zoom&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:TrackMoves/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:TrackFormatting/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:PunctuationKerning/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:IgnoreMixedContent&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:DoNotPromoteQF/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LidThemeOther&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;EN-US&amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/w:LidThemeOther&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LidThemeAsian&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;X-NONE&amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/w:LidThemeAsian&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LidThemeComplexScript&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;X-NONE&amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/w:LidThemeComplexScript&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:Compatibility&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:BreakWrappedTables/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:SnapToGridInCell/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:WrapTextWithPunct/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:UseAsianBreakRules/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:DontGrowAutofit/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:OverrideTableStyleHps/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/w:Compatibility&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;m:mathPr&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;m:mathFont m:val=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Cambria Math&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;m:brkBin m:val=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;before&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;m:brkBinSub m:val=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#45;-&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;m:smallFrac m:val=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;off&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;m:dispDef/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;m:lMargin m:val=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;0&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;m:rMargin m:val=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;0&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;m:defJc m:val=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;centerGroup&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;m:wrapIndent m:val=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;1440&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;m:intLim m:val=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;subSup&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;m:naryLim m:val=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;undOvr&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/m:mathPr&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/w:WordDocument&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/xml&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 9]&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;xml&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LatentStyles DefLockedState=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; DefUnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n DefSemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; DefQFormat=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; DefPriority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;99&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n LatentStyleCount=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;376&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;0&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Normal&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;9&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;heading 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;9&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;heading 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;9&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;heading 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;9&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;heading 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;9&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;heading 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;9&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;heading 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;9&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;heading 7&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;9&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;heading 8&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;9&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;heading 9&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;index 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;index 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;index 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;index 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;index 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;index 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;index 7&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;index 8&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;index 9&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;39&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;toc 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;39&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;toc 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;39&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;toc 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;39&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;toc 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;39&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;toc 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;39&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;toc 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;39&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;toc 7&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;39&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;toc 8&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;39&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;toc 9&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Normal Indent&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;footnote text&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;annotation text&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;header&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;footer&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;index heading&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;35&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;caption&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;table of figures&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;envelope address&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;envelope return&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;footnote reference&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;annotation reference&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;line number&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;page number&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;endnote reference&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;endnote text&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;table of authorities&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;macro&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;toa heading&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Bullet&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Number&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Bullet 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Bullet 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Bullet 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Bullet 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Number 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Number 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Number 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Number 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;10&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Title&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Closing&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Signature&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Default Paragraph Font&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Body Text&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Body Text Indent&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Continue&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Continue 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Continue 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Continue 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Continue 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Message Header&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;11&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Subtitle&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Salutation&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Date&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Body Text First Indent&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Body Text First Indent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Note Heading&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Body Text 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Body Text 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Body Text Indent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Body Text Indent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Block Text&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Hyperlink&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;FollowedHyperlink&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;22&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Strong&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;20&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Emphasis&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Document Map&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Plain Text&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;E-mail Signature&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;HTML Top of Form&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;HTML Bottom of Form&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Normal (Web)&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;HTML Acronym&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;HTML Address&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;HTML Cite&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;HTML Code&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;HTML Definition&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;HTML Keyboard&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;HTML Preformatted&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;HTML Sample&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;HTML Typewriter&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;HTML Variable&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Normal Table&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;annotation subject&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;No List&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Outline List 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Outline List 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Outline List 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Simple 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Simple 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Simple 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Classic 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Classic 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Classic 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Classic 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Colorful 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Colorful 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Colorful 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Columns 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Columns 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Columns 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Columns 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Columns 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Grid 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Grid 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Grid 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Grid 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Grid 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Grid 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Grid 7&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Grid 8&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table List 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table List 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table List 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table List 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table List 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table List 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table List 7&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table List 8&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table 3D effects 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table 3D effects 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table 3D effects 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Contemporary&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Elegant&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Professional&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Subtle 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Subtle 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Web 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Web 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Web 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Balloon Text&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;39&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Grid&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Theme&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Placeholder Text&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;No Spacing&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;60&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Light Shading&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;61&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Light List&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;62&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Light Grid&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;63&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;64&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;65&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium List 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;66&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium List 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;67&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;68&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;69&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;70&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Dark List&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;71&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Colorful Shading&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;72&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Colorful List&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;73&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Colorful Grid&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;60&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Light Shading Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;61&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Light List Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;62&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Light Grid Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;63&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;64&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;65&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium List 1 Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Revision&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;34&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Paragraph&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;29&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Quote&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Intense Quote&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;66&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium List 2 Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;67&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;68&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;69&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;70&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Dark List Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;71&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Colorful Shading Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;72&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Colorful List Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;73&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Colorful Grid Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;60&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Light Shading Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;61&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Light List Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;62&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Light Grid Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;63&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;64&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;65&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium List 1 Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;66&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium List 2 Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;67&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;68&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;69&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;70&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Dark List Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;71&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Colorful Shading Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;72&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Colorful List Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;73&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Colorful Grid Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;60&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Light Shading Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;61&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Light List Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;62&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Light Grid Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;63&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;64&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;65&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium List 1 Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;66&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium List 2 Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;67&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;68&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;69&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;70&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Dark List Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;71&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Colorful Shading Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;72&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Colorful List Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;73&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Colorful Grid Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;60&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Light Shading Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;61&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Light List Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;62&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Light Grid Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;63&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;64&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;65&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium List 1 Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;66&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium List 2 Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;67&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;68&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;69&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;70&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Dark List Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;71&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;72&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Colorful List Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;73&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;60&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Light Shading Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;61&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Light List Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;62&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Light Grid Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;63&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;64&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;65&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;66&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;67&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;68&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;69&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;70&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Dark List Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;71&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;72&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Colorful List Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;73&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;60&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Light Shading Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;61&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Light List Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;62&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Light Grid Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;63&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;64&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;65&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium List 1 Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;66&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium List 2 Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;67&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;68&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;69&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;70&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Dark List Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;71&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;72&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Colorful List Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;73&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;19&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Subtle Emphasis&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;21&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Intense Emphasis&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;31&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Subtle Reference&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;32&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Intense Reference&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;33&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Book Title&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;37&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Bibliography&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;39&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;TOC Heading&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;41&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Plain Table 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;42&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Plain Table 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;43&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Plain Table 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;44&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Plain Table 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;45&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Plain Table 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;40&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table Light&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 1 Light&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 5 Dark&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 1 Light&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 5 Dark&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 6 Colorful&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 7 Colorful&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 2 Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 3 Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 4 Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 2 Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 3 Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 4 Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 2 Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 3 Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 4 Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 2 Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 3 Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 4 Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 2 Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 3 Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 4 Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 2 Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 3 Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 4 Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Mention&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Smart Hyperlink&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Hashtag&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Unresolved Mention&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Smart Link&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/w:LatentStyles&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/xml&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 10]&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;style&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n /* Style Definitions */\n table.MsoNormalTable\n\t{mso-style-name:&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Normal&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;;\n\tmso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n\tmso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n\tmso-style-noshow:yes;\n\tmso-style-priority:99;\n\tmso-style-parent:&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;;\n\tmso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n\tmso-para-margin:0in;\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\n\tfont-family:&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Calibri&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;\n\tmso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;\n\tmso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n\tmso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;\n\tmso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;;\n\tmso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}\n&amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/style&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;![endif]--> <!-- [if gte mso 9]&amp;gt;&amp;lt;xml&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:WordDocument&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:View&amp;gt;Normal&amp;lt;/w:View&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:Zoom&amp;gt;0&amp;lt;/w:Zoom&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:TrackMoves/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:TrackFormatting/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:PunctuationKerning/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&amp;gt;false&amp;lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:IgnoreMixedContent&amp;gt;false&amp;lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&amp;gt;false&amp;lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:DoNotPromoteQF/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LidThemeOther&amp;gt;EN-US&amp;lt;/w:LidThemeOther&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LidThemeAsian&amp;gt;X-NONE&amp;lt;/w:LidThemeAsian&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LidThemeComplexScript&amp;gt;X-NONE&amp;lt;/w:LidThemeComplexScript&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:Compatibility&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:BreakWrappedTables/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:SnapToGridInCell/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:WrapTextWithPunct/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:UseAsianBreakRules/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:DontGrowAutofit/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:OverrideTableStyleHps/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;/w:Compatibility&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:DoNotOptimizeForBrowser/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;m:mathPr&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;m:mathFont m:val=&amp;quot;Cambria Math&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;m:brkBin m:val=&amp;quot;before&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;m:brkBinSub m:val=&amp;quot;&amp;amp;#45;-&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;m:smallFrac m:val=&amp;quot;off&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;m:dispDef/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;m:lMargin m:val=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;m:rMargin m:val=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;m:defJc m:val=&amp;quot;centerGroup&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;m:wrapIndent m:val=&amp;quot;1440&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;m:intLim m:val=&amp;quot;subSup&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;m:naryLim m:val=&amp;quot;undOvr&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;/m:mathPr&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/w:WordDocument&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;/xml&amp;gt;&amp;lt;![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 9]&amp;gt;&amp;lt;xml&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LatentStyles DefLockedState=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; DefUnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot;\n DefSemiHidden=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; DefQFormat=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; DefPriority=&amp;quot;99&amp;quot;\n LatentStyleCount=&amp;quot;376&amp;quot;&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;0&amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Normal&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;heading 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;heading 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;heading 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;heading 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;heading 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;heading 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;heading 7&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;heading 8&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;heading 9&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;index 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;index 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;index 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;index 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;index 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;index 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;index 7&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;index 8&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;index 9&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;39&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;toc 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;39&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;toc 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;39&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;toc 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;39&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;toc 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;39&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;toc 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;39&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;toc 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;39&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;toc 7&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;39&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;toc 8&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;39&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;toc 9&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Normal Indent&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;footnote text&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;annotation text&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;header&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;footer&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;index heading&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;35&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;caption&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;table of figures&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;envelope address&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;envelope return&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;footnote reference&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;annotation reference&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;line number&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;page number&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;endnote reference&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;endnote text&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;table of authorities&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;macro&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;toa heading&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Bullet&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Number&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Bullet 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Bullet 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Bullet 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Bullet 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Number 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Number 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Number 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Number 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;10&amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Title&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Closing&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Signature&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Default Paragraph Font&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Body Text&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Body Text Indent&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Continue&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Continue 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Continue 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Continue 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Continue 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Message Header&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;11&amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Subtitle&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Salutation&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Date&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Body Text First Indent&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Body Text First Indent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Note Heading&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Body Text 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Body Text 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Body Text Indent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Body Text Indent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Block Text&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Hyperlink&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;FollowedHyperlink&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;22&amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Strong&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;20&amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Emphasis&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Document Map&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Plain Text&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;E-mail Signature&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;HTML Top of Form&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;HTML Bottom of Form&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Normal (Web)&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;HTML Acronym&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;HTML Address&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;HTML Cite&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;HTML Code&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;HTML Definition&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;HTML Keyboard&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;HTML Preformatted&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;HTML Sample&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;HTML Typewriter&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;HTML Variable&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Normal Table&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;annotation subject&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;No List&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Outline List 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Outline List 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Outline List 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Simple 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Simple 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Simple 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Classic 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Classic 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Classic 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Classic 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Colorful 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Colorful 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Colorful 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Columns 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Columns 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Columns 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Columns 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Columns 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Grid 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Grid 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Grid 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Grid 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Grid 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Grid 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Grid 7&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Grid 8&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table List 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table List 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table List 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table List 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table List 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table List 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table List 7&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table List 8&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table 3D effects 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table 3D effects 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table 3D effects 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Contemporary&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Elegant&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Professional&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Subtle 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Subtle 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Web 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Web 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Web 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Balloon Text&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;39&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Table Grid&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Table Theme&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Placeholder Text&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;No Spacing&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;60&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Light Shading&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;61&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Light List&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;62&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Light Grid&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;63&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Shading 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;64&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Shading 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;65&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium List 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;66&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium List 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;67&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Grid 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;68&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Grid 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;69&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Grid 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;70&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Dark List&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;71&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Colorful Shading&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;72&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Colorful List&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;73&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Colorful Grid&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;60&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Light Shading Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;61&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Light List Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;62&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Light Grid Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;63&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;64&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;65&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium List 1 Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Revision&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;34&amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Paragraph&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;29&amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Quote&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;30&amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Intense Quote&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;66&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium List 2 Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;67&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;68&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;69&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;70&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Dark List Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;71&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Colorful Shading Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;72&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Colorful List Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;73&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Colorful Grid Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;60&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Light Shading Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;61&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Light List Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;62&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Light Grid Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;63&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;64&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;65&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium List 1 Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;66&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium List 2 Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;67&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;68&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;69&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;70&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Dark List Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;71&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Colorful Shading Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;72&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Colorful List Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;73&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Colorful Grid Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;60&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Light Shading Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;61&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Light List Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;62&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Light Grid Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;63&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;64&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;65&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium List 1 Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;66&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium List 2 Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;67&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;68&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;69&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;70&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Dark List Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;71&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Colorful Shading Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;72&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Colorful List Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;73&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Colorful Grid Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;60&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Light Shading Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;61&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Light List Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;62&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Light Grid Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;63&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;64&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;65&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium List 1 Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;66&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium List 2 Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;67&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;68&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;69&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;70&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Dark List Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;71&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;72&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Colorful List Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;73&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;60&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Light Shading Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;61&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Light List Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;62&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Light Grid Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;63&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;64&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;65&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;66&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;67&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;68&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;69&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;70&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Dark List Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;71&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;72&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Colorful List Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;73&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;60&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Light Shading Accent 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;61&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Light List Accent 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;62&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Light Grid Accent 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;63&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;64&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;65&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium List 1 Accent 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;66&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium List 2 Accent 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;67&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;68&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;69&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;70&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Dark List Accent 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;71&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;72&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Colorful List Accent 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;73&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;19&amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Subtle Emphasis&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;21&amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Intense Emphasis&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;31&amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Subtle Reference&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;32&amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Intense Reference&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;33&amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Book Title&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;37&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Bibliography&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;39&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;TOC Heading&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;41&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Plain Table 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;42&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Plain Table 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;43&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Plain Table 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;44&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Plain Table 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;45&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Plain Table 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;40&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table Light&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;46&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 1 Light&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;47&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;48&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;49&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;50&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 5 Dark&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;51&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;52&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;46&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;47&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;48&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;49&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;50&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;51&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;52&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;46&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;47&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;48&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;49&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;50&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;51&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;52&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;46&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;47&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;48&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;49&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;50&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;51&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;52&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;46&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;47&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;48&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;49&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;50&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;51&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;52&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;46&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;47&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;48&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;49&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;50&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;51&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;52&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;46&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;47&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;48&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;49&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;50&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;51&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;52&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;46&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 1 Light&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;47&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;48&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;49&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;50&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 5 Dark&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;51&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 6 Colorful&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;52&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 7 Colorful&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;46&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;47&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 2 Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;48&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 3 Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;49&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 4 Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;50&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;51&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;52&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;46&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;47&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 2 Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;48&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 3 Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;49&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 4 Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;50&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;51&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;52&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;46&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;47&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 2 Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;48&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 3 Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;49&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 4 Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;50&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;51&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;52&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;46&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;47&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 2 Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;48&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 3 Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;49&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 4 Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;50&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;51&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;52&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;46&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;47&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 2 Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;48&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 3 Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;49&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 4 Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;50&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;51&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;52&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;46&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;47&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 2 Accent 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;48&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 3 Accent 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;49&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 4 Accent 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;50&amp;quot; Name=&amp;quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;51&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; Priority=&amp;quot;52&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Mention&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Smart Hyperlink&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Hashtag&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Unresolved Mention&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;quot;true&amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;quot;Smart Link&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;\n &amp;lt;/w:LatentStyles&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;/xml&amp;gt;&amp;lt;![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 10]&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;style&amp;gt;\n /* Style Definitions */\n table.MsoNormalTable\n\t{mso-style-name:&amp;quot;Table Normal&amp;quot;;\n\tmso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n\tmso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n\tmso-style-noshow:yes;\n\tmso-style-priority:99;\n\tmso-style-parent:&amp;quot;&amp;quot;;\n\tmso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n\tmso-para-margin:0in;\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\n\tfont-family:&amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;}\n&amp;lt;/style&amp;gt;\n&amp;lt;![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-indent: 28.35pt; line-height: 200%;\"><span style=\"color: black;\">Phytoplankton play a key role in biogeochemical cycles, impacting atmospheric and aquatic chemistry, food webs, and water quality. However, it remains challenging to reconstruct changes in algal community composition throughout the geologic past, as existing proxies are suitable only for a subset of taxa and/or influenced by degradation. Here, we investigate if compound-specific hydrogen isotope ratios (δ<sup>2</sup>H values) of common algal lipids can serve as (paleo)ecological indicators. First, we grew 20 species of algae – representing cyanobacteria, diatoms, dinoflagellates, green algae, and cryptomonads – in batch cultures under identical conditions and measured δ<sup>2</sup>H values of their lipids. Despite identical source water δ<sup>2</sup>H values, lipid δ<sup>2</sup>H values ranged from -455 ‰ to -52 ‰, incorporating variability associated with chemical compound classes and taxonomic groups. In particular, green algae synthesized fatty acids with higher δ<sup>2</sup>H values than other taxa, cyanobacteria synthesized phytol with relatively low δ<sup>2</sup>H values, and diatoms synthesized sterols with higher δ<sup>2</sup>H values than other eukaryotes. Second, we assessed how changes in algal community composition can affect net δ<sup>2</sup>H values of common algal lipids in 20 experimental outdoor ponds, which were manipulated via nutrient loading, and the addition of macrophytes and mussels. High algal biomass in the ponds, which was mainly caused by cyanobacterial and green algal blooms, was associated with higher δ<sup>2</sup>H values for generic fatty acids, relatively stable δ<sup>2</sup>H values for phytol and the dinoflagellate biomarker dinostanol, and lower δ<sup>2</sup>H values for the more cosmopolitan sterol stigmasterol.</span> <span style=\"color: black;\">These results are consistent with expectations from our culture-based analyses, with both datasets indicating large taxon-specific changes that are unlikely to be driven by bacterial heterotrophy. This suggests</span> <span style=\"color: black;\">that measuring δ<sup>2</sup>H values of multiple lipids from sediment and calculating <sup>2</sup>H-offsets between them can resolve changes in algal community composition from changes in source water isotopes. With an appropriate availability of sedimentary lipids, this approach could permit the reconstruction of both taxonomic variability and hydroclimate from diverse sedimentary systems.</span></p>\n<p><!--EndFragment--></p>\n<p><!--EndFragment--></p>", "license": { "name": "CC-BY Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "algae" }, { "word": "hydrogen isotopes" }, { "word": "lipid biomarkers" }, { "word": "Fatty acids" }, { "word": "Phytosterols" }, { "word": "Phytol" }, { "word": "ecohydrology" } ], "date_submitted": "2024-06-07T14:06:04.407000+02:00", "date_accepted": "2024-06-08T01:10:31.989000+02:00", "date_published": "2024-06-07T18:10:00+02:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2024.12.002", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X57T30", "authors": [ { "pk": 35161, "first_name": "Nemiah", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ladd", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 13736, "first_name": "Daniel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Nelson", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 49764, "first_name": "Blake", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Matthews", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 50702, "first_name": "Shannon", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Dyer", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 50703, "first_name": "Romana", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Limberger", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 50704, "first_name": "Antonia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Klatt", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 50705, "first_name": "Anita", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Narwani", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 35160, "first_name": "Nathalie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Dubois", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 50706, "first_name": "Carsten", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Schubert", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Biogeochemistry" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Ladd_et_al_Algae_d2H_EarthArXiv_V1.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/7225/download/13818/" }, { "original_filename": "Ladd_et_al_Algae_d2H_EarthArXiv_V2.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/7225/download/14086/" }, { "original_filename": "Ladd_et_al_Algae_d2H_GCA_Revision1.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/7225/download/15748/" }, { "original_filename": "Ladd_et_al_Algae_d2H_EarthArXiv_250120.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/7225/download/15775/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 46, "title": "Leaky salt: pipe trails record the history of cross-evaporite fluid escape in the northern Levant Basin, Eastern Mediterranean", "abstract": "Despite salt being regarded as an extremely efficient, low-permeability hydraulic seal, an increasing number of cross-evaporite fluid escape features have been documented in salt-bearing sedimentary basins. Because of this, it is clear that our understanding of how thick salt deposits impact fluid flow in sedimentary basins is incomplete. We here examine the causes and evolution of cross-evaporite fluid escape in the northern Levant Basin, Eastern Mediterranean. High-quality 3D seismic data offshore Lebanon image hundreds of supra-salt fluid escape pipes distributed widely along the margin. The pipes consistently originate at the crest of prominent sub-salt anticlines, where overlying salt is relatively thin. The fact the pipes crosscut the salt suggests this hydrofractured permitting focused fluid flow. Sequential pipes from unique emission points are organized along trails that are several kilometers long, and which are progressively deformed due to basinward gravity gliding of salt and its overburden. Correlation of pipes in 12 trails suggests margin-wide fluid escape started in the Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocene, coincident with a major phase of uplift of the Levant margin. We interpret that the consequent transfer of overpressure from the central basin area, in addition to gas exsolution from hydrocarbons already trapped in sub-salt anticlines, triggered seal failure and cross-evaporite fluid flow. We infer that other causes of fluid escape in the Eastern Mediterranean, such as subsurface pressure changes driven by sea-level variations and salt deposition associated with the Messinian Salinity Crisis, played only a minor role in triggering cross-evaporite fluid flow in the northern Levant Basin. Further phases of fluid escape are unique to each anticline and cannot be easily correlated across the margin. Therefore, despite a common initial cause, long-term fluid escape proceeded according to structure-specific characteristics, such as local dynamics of fluid migration and anticline geometry. Our work shows that the mechanisms triggering cross-evaporite fluid flow in salt basins vary in time and space.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public\r\nLicenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change\r\nfree software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.\r\n\r\n This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some\r\nspecially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the\r\nFree Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You\r\ncan use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether\r\nthis license or the ordinary General Public License is the better\r\nstrategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.\r\n\r\n When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,\r\nnot price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that\r\nyou have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge\r\nfor this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get\r\nit if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of\r\nit in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do\r\nthese things.\r\n\r\n To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid\r\ndistributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these\r\nrights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for\r\nyou if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.\r\n\r\n For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis\r\nor for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave\r\nyou. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source\r\ncode. If you link other code with the library, you must provide\r\ncomplete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them\r\nwith the library after making changes to the library and recompiling\r\nit. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.\r\n\r\n We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the\r\nlibrary, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal\r\npermission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.\r\n\r\n To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that\r\nthere is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is\r\nmodified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know\r\nthat what they have is not the original version, so that the original\r\nauthor's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be\r\nintroduced by others.\r\n\f\r\n Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of\r\nany free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot\r\neffectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a\r\nrestrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that\r\nany patent license obtained for a version of the library must be\r\nconsistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license.\r\n\r\n Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser\r\nGeneral Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and\r\nis quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use\r\nthis license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those\r\nlibraries into non-free programs.\r\n\r\n When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using\r\na shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a\r\ncombined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary\r\nGeneral Public License therefore permits such linking only if the\r\nentire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General\r\nPublic License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with\r\nthe library.\r\n\r\n We call this license the \"Lesser\" General Public License because it\r\ndoes Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General\r\nPublic License. It also provides other free software developers Less\r\nof an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages\r\nare the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many\r\nlibraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain\r\nspecial circumstances.\r\n\r\n For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to\r\nencourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes\r\na de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be\r\nallowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free\r\nlibrary does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this\r\ncase, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free\r\nsoftware only, so we use the Lesser General Public License.\r\n\r\n In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free\r\nprograms enables a greater number of people to use a large body of\r\nfree software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in\r\nnon-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU\r\noperating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating\r\nsystem.\r\n\r\n Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the\r\nusers' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is\r\nlinked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run\r\nthat program using a modified version of the Library.\r\n\r\n The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and\r\nmodification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a\r\n\"work based on the library\" and a \"work that uses the library\". The\r\nformer contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must\r\nbe combined with the library in order to run.\r\n\f\r\n GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION\r\n\r\n 0. This License Agreement applies to any software library or other\r\nprogram which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or\r\nother authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of\r\nthis Lesser General Public License (also called \"this License\").\r\nEach licensee is addressed as \"you\".\r\n\r\n A \"library\" means a collection of software functions and/or data\r\nprepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs\r\n(which use some of those functions and data) to form executables.\r\n\r\n The \"Library\", below, refers to any such software library or work\r\nwhich has been distributed under these terms. A \"work based on the\r\nLibrary\" means either the Library or any derivative work under\r\ncopyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a\r\nportion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated\r\nstraightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is\r\nincluded without limitation in the term \"modification\".)\r\n\r\n \"Source code\" for a work means the preferred form of the work for\r\nmaking modifications to it. For a library, complete source code means\r\nall the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated\r\ninterface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation\r\nand installation of the library.\r\n\r\n Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not\r\ncovered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of\r\nrunning a program using the Library is not restricted, and output from\r\nsuch a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based\r\non the Library (independent of the use of the Library in a tool for\r\nwriting it). Whether that is true depends on what the Library does\r\nand what the program that uses the Library does.\r\n\r\n 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's\r\ncomplete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that\r\nyou conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an\r\nappropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact\r\nall the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any\r\nwarranty; and distribute a copy of this License along with the\r\nLibrary.\r\n\r\n You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,\r\nand you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a\r\nfee.\r\n\f\r\n 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion\r\nof it, thus forming a work based on the Library, and copy and\r\ndistribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1\r\nabove, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:\r\n\r\n a) The modified work must itself be a software library.\r\n\r\n b) You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices\r\n stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.\r\n\r\n c) You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no\r\n charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.\r\n\r\n d) If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a\r\n table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses\r\n the facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility\r\n is invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that,\r\n in the event an application does not supply such function or\r\n table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of\r\n its purpose remains meaningful.\r\n\r\n (For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has\r\n a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the\r\n application. Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any\r\n application-supplied function or table used by this function must\r\n be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square\r\n root function must still compute square roots.)\r\n\r\nThese requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If\r\nidentifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library,\r\nand can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in\r\nthemselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those\r\nsections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you\r\ndistribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based\r\non the Library, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of\r\nthis License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the\r\nentire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote\r\nit.\r\n\r\nThus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest\r\nyour rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to\r\nexercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or\r\ncollective works based on the Library.\r\n\r\nIn addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library\r\nwith the Library (or with a work based on the Library) on a volume of\r\na storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under\r\nthe scope of this License.\r\n\r\n 3. You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public\r\nLicense instead of this License to a given copy of the Library. To do\r\nthis, you must alter all the notices that refer to this License, so\r\nthat they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License, version 2,\r\ninstead of to this License. (If a newer version than version 2 of the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License has appeared, then you can specify\r\nthat version instead if you wish.) Do not make any other change in\r\nthese notices.\r\n\f\r\n Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for\r\nthat copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all\r\nsubsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy.\r\n\r\n This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of\r\nthe Library into a program that is not a library.\r\n\r\n 4. You may copy and distribute the Library (or a portion or\r\nderivative of it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form\r\nunder the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany\r\nit with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which\r\nmust be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a\r\nmedium customarily used for software interchange.\r\n\r\n If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy\r\nfrom a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the\r\nsource code from the same place satisfies the requirement to\r\ndistribute the source code, even though third parties are not\r\ncompelled to copy the source along with the object code.\r\n\r\n 5. A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the\r\nLibrary, but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled or\r\nlinked with it, is called a \"work that uses the Library\". Such a\r\nwork, in isolation, is not a derivative work of the Library, and\r\ntherefore falls outside the scope of this License.\r\n\r\n However, linking a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library\r\ncreates an executable that is a derivative of the Library (because it\r\ncontains portions of the Library), rather than a \"work that uses the\r\nlibrary\". The executable is therefore covered by this License.\r\nSection 6 states terms for distribution of such executables.\r\n\r\n When a \"work that uses the Library\" uses material from a header file\r\nthat is part of the Library, the object code for the work may be a\r\nderivative work of the Library even though the source code is not.\r\nWhether this is true is especially significant if the work can be\r\nlinked without the Library, or if the work is itself a library. The\r\nthreshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law.\r\n\r\n If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data\r\nstructure layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline\r\nfunctions (ten lines or less in length), then the use of the object\r\nfile is unrestricted, regardless of whether it is legally a derivative\r\nwork. (Executables containing this object code plus portions of the\r\nLibrary will still fall under Section 6.)\r\n\r\n Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the Library, you may\r\ndistribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6.\r\nAny executables containing that work also fall under Section 6,\r\nwhether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself.\r\n\f\r\n 6. As an exception to the Sections above, you may also combine or\r\nlink a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library to produce a\r\nwork containing portions of the Library, and distribute that work\r\nunder terms of your choice, provided that the terms permit\r\nmodification of the work for the customer's own use and reverse\r\nengineering for debugging such modifications.\r\n\r\n You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the\r\nLibrary is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by\r\nthis License. You must supply a copy of this License. If the work\r\nduring execution displays copyright notices, you must include the\r\ncopyright notice for the Library among them, as well as a reference\r\ndirecting the user to the copy of this License. Also, you must do one\r\nof these things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the work with the complete corresponding\r\n machine-readable source code for the Library including whatever\r\n changes were used in the work (which must be distributed under\r\n Sections 1 and 2 above); and, if the work is an executable linked\r\n with the Library, with the complete machine-readable \"work that\r\n uses the Library\", as object code and/or source code, so that the\r\n user can modify the Library and then relink to produce a modified\r\n executable containing the modified Library. (It is understood\r\n that the user who changes the contents of definitions files in the\r\n Library will not necessarily be able to recompile the application\r\n to use the modified definitions.)\r\n\r\n b) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the\r\n Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (1) uses at run time a\r\n copy of the library already present on the user's computer system,\r\n rather than copying library functions into the executable, and (2)\r\n will operate properly with a modified version of the library, if\r\n the user installs one, as long as the modified version is\r\n interface-compatible with the version that the work was made with.\r\n\r\n c) Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at\r\n least three years, to give the same user the materials\r\n specified in Subsection 6a, above, for a charge no more\r\n than the cost of performing this distribution.\r\n\r\n d) If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy\r\n from a designated place, offer equivalent access to copy the above\r\n specified materials from the same place.\r\n\r\n e) Verify that the user has already received a copy of these\r\n materials or that you have already sent this user a copy.\r\n\r\n For an executable, the required form of the \"work that uses the\r\nLibrary\" must include any data and utility programs needed for\r\nreproducing the executable from it. However, as a special exception,\r\nthe materials to be distributed need not include anything that is\r\nnormally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major\r\ncomponents (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on\r\nwhich the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies\r\nthe executable.\r\n\r\n It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license\r\nrestrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally\r\naccompany the operating system. Such a contradiction means you cannot\r\nuse both them and the Library together in an executable that you\r\ndistribute.\r\n\f\r\n 7. You may place library facilities that are a work based on the\r\nLibrary side-by-side in a single library together with other library\r\nfacilities not covered by this License, and distribute such a combined\r\nlibrary, provided that the separate distribution of the work based on\r\nthe Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise\r\npermitted, and provided that you do these two things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work\r\n based on the Library, uncombined with any other library\r\n facilities. This must be distributed under the terms of the\r\n Sections above.\r\n\r\n b) Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact\r\n that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining\r\n where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.\r\n\r\n 8. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute\r\nthe Library except as expressly provided under this License. Any\r\nattempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or\r\ndistribute the Library is void, and will automatically terminate your\r\nrights under this License. However, parties who have received copies,\r\nor rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses\r\nterminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.\r\n\r\n 9. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not\r\nsigned it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or\r\ndistribute the Library or its derivative works. These actions are\r\nprohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by\r\nmodifying or distributing the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and\r\nall its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying\r\nthe Library or works based on it.\r\n\r\n 10. Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), the recipient automatically receives a license from the\r\noriginal licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the Library\r\nsubject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further\r\nrestrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.\r\nYou are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with\r\nthis License.\r\n\f\r\n 11. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent\r\ninfringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),\r\nconditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or\r\notherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not\r\nexcuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot\r\ndistribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this\r\nLicense and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you\r\nmay not distribute the Library at all. For example, if a patent\r\nlicense would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Library by\r\nall those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then\r\nthe only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to\r\nrefrain entirely from distribution of the Library.\r\n\r\nIf any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any\r\nparticular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply,\r\nand the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.\r\n\r\nIt is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any\r\npatents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any\r\nsuch claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the\r\nintegrity of the free software distribution system which is\r\nimplemented by public license practices. Many people have made\r\ngenerous contributions to the wide range of software distributed\r\nthrough that system in reliance on consistent application of that\r\nsystem; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing\r\nto distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot\r\nimpose that choice.\r\n\r\nThis section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to\r\nbe a consequence of the rest of this License.\r\n\r\n 12. If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in\r\ncertain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the\r\noriginal copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add\r\nan explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries,\r\nso that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus\r\nexcluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if\r\nwritten in the body of this License.\r\n\r\n 13. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new\r\nversions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time.\r\nSuch new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version,\r\nbut may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.\r\n\r\nEach version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library\r\nspecifies a version number of this License which applies to it and\r\n\"any later version\", you have the option of following the terms and\r\nconditions either of that version or of any later version published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation. If the Library does not specify a\r\nlicense version number, you may choose any version ever published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation.\r\n\f\r\n 14. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free\r\nprograms whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these,\r\nwrite to the author to ask for permission. For software which is\r\ncopyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free\r\nSoftware Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our\r\ndecision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status\r\nof all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing\r\nand reuse of software generally.\r\n\r\n NO WARRANTY\r\n\r\n 15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO\r\nWARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.\r\nEXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR\r\nOTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY \"AS IS\" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY\r\nKIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\r\nIMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR\r\nPURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE\r\nLIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME\r\nTHE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.\r\n\r\n 16. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN\r\nWRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY\r\nAND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU\r\nFOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR\r\nCONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE\r\nLIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING\r\nRENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A\r\nFAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF\r\nSUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH\r\nDAMAGES.\r\n\r\n END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS\r\n\r\n How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries\r\n\r\n If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest\r\npossible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that\r\neveryone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting\r\nredistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the\r\nordinary General Public License).\r\n\r\n To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is\r\nsafest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively\r\nconvey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the\r\n\"copyright\" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.\r\n\r\n <one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.>\r\n Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>\r\n\r\n This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\r\n modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either\r\n version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.\r\n\r\n This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\r\n but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\r\n MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Cross-evaporite escape" }, { "word": "Eastern Mediterranean" }, { "word": "Fluid escape" }, { "word": "Fluid pipe" }, { "word": "Focused fluid flow" }, { "word": "Ovepressure" }, { "word": "Salt leakage" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-08-05T17:55:48+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-05T18:39:31+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-05T18:39:31+02:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.12536", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/v9fj8", "authors": [ { "pk": 3068, "first_name": "Davide", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Oppo", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0002-2866-1498" }, { "pk": 4233, "first_name": "Sian", "middle_name": "Lianne", "last_name": "Evans", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0003-1083-0019" }, { "pk": 4167, "first_name": "DaVID", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Iacopini", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5630, "first_name": "SM Mainul", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kabir", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9133, "first_name": "Vittorio", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Maselli", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 1573, "first_name": "Christopher", "middle_name": "Aiden-Lee", "last_name": "Jackson", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": "0000-0002-8592-9032" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Tectonics and Structure" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Oppo et al_Lebanon fluids_EarthArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/46/download/85/" }, { "original_filename": "Oppo et al_Lebanon fluids_EarthArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/46/download/86/" }, { "original_filename": "Oppo et al_Lebanon fluids_Ready to submit.docx", "mime_type": "application/msword", "download_url": "/repository/object/46/download/87/" }, { "original_filename": "Oppo et al_EAXv_final.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/46/download/4002/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 47, "title": "Hydrogeologic and Geochemical Distinctions in Salar Freshwater Brine Systems", "abstract": "The Salar de Atacama contains one of the world’s most important lithium resources and hosts unique and fragile desert ecosystems. Water use issues of the hyper-arid region have placed it at the center of global attention. This investigation is the first robust assessment of a salar system to incorporate geology, hydrogeology, and geochemistry of the aquifer system in the inflow, transition zone and the nucleus. Multiple physico-chemical parameters including conductivity, temperature, Li and Na, and multiple isotopic indicators (3H, ẟD, and 87Sr/86Sr) all conclude that the transition zone water zones are distinct and separated from the brine in the halite nucleus. Geochemical modeling indicates that the inflow and transition waters are saturated with respect to calcite whereas lagoons, transition zone margin, halite nucleus margin and nucleus waters are saturated with respect to calcite, gypsum, and halite, and the transition zone brines at depth display a broader range of saturation states as compared to the nucleus brines. Long-term remote-sensing of surface water body extents suggest that extreme precipitation events are the primary driver of surface area changes (by a factor of 2.7 after storm). A major finding from this work is that the subsurface brines in the transition zone and the halite nucleus are geochemically and hydraulically disconnected from the groundwater discharge features (lagoons) over modern time scales which has far reaching implications for understanding the link between brine and freshwater.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "arid" }, { "word": "Atacama" }, { "word": "brine" }, { "word": "geochemistry" }, { "word": "hydrogeology" }, { "word": "lithium" }, { "word": "salar" }, { "word": "salt flat" }, { "word": "transition zone" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-08-05T16:46:43+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-05T18:53:54+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-05T18:53:54+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/j3pu6", "authors": [ { "pk": 4978, "first_name": "Lee", "middle_name": "Ann", "last_name": "Munk", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 2564, "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "F", "last_name": "Boutt", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 3649, "first_name": "Brendan", "middle_name": "J", "last_name": "Moran", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0002-9862-6241" }, { "pk": 2602, "first_name": "Sarah", "middle_name": "Virginia", "last_name": "McKnight", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9955, "first_name": "Jordan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jenckes", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geochemistry" }, { "name": "Hydrology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/47/download/88/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://doi.org/10.7275/qr40-z439", "label": "Public data" } ] }, { "pk": 48, "title": "Principal component analysis of seismic facies", "abstract": "Seismic facies analyses are fundamental to the study of sedimentary, tectonic and magmatic systems using seismic reflection data. These analyses generally assume that seismic facies are: (1) well defined, (2) distinct and (3) prevalent patterns in the data. Here, we examine these assumptions critically. First, we demonstrate how to extract the main seismic facies from conventional industry seismic reflection data using principal component analysis. Applying principle component analysis on a large number (up to 1 000 000) of windows (150×150 samples) reveals typical seismic facies showing: (1) horizontal, (2) dipping, (3) displaced and (4) crisscrossing reflections. These seismic facies are distinct in the sense that the principal components are orthogonal to one another, i.e. we cannot express any one component as a linear combination of the others. Next, we show that a small number of seismic facies (100) can explain most of the variance in the data (>0.6); an assumption that is critical to seismic facies analyses. Lastly, we show a simple way to map these facies across a seismic section.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public\r\nLicenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change\r\nfree software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.\r\n\r\n This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some\r\nspecially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the\r\nFree Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You\r\ncan use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether\r\nthis license or the ordinary General Public License is the better\r\nstrategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.\r\n\r\n When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,\r\nnot price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that\r\nyou have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge\r\nfor this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get\r\nit if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of\r\nit in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do\r\nthese things.\r\n\r\n To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid\r\ndistributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these\r\nrights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for\r\nyou if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.\r\n\r\n For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis\r\nor for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave\r\nyou. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source\r\ncode. If you link other code with the library, you must provide\r\ncomplete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them\r\nwith the library after making changes to the library and recompiling\r\nit. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.\r\n\r\n We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the\r\nlibrary, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal\r\npermission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.\r\n\r\n To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that\r\nthere is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is\r\nmodified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know\r\nthat what they have is not the original version, so that the original\r\nauthor's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be\r\nintroduced by others.\r\n\f\r\n Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of\r\nany free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot\r\neffectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a\r\nrestrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that\r\nany patent license obtained for a version of the library must be\r\nconsistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license.\r\n\r\n Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser\r\nGeneral Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and\r\nis quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use\r\nthis license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those\r\nlibraries into non-free programs.\r\n\r\n When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using\r\na shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a\r\ncombined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary\r\nGeneral Public License therefore permits such linking only if the\r\nentire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General\r\nPublic License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with\r\nthe library.\r\n\r\n We call this license the \"Lesser\" General Public License because it\r\ndoes Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General\r\nPublic License. It also provides other free software developers Less\r\nof an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages\r\nare the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many\r\nlibraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain\r\nspecial circumstances.\r\n\r\n For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to\r\nencourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes\r\na de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be\r\nallowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free\r\nlibrary does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this\r\ncase, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free\r\nsoftware only, so we use the Lesser General Public License.\r\n\r\n In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free\r\nprograms enables a greater number of people to use a large body of\r\nfree software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in\r\nnon-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU\r\noperating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating\r\nsystem.\r\n\r\n Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the\r\nusers' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is\r\nlinked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run\r\nthat program using a modified version of the Library.\r\n\r\n The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and\r\nmodification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a\r\n\"work based on the library\" and a \"work that uses the library\". The\r\nformer contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must\r\nbe combined with the library in order to run.\r\n\f\r\n GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION\r\n\r\n 0. This License Agreement applies to any software library or other\r\nprogram which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or\r\nother authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of\r\nthis Lesser General Public License (also called \"this License\").\r\nEach licensee is addressed as \"you\".\r\n\r\n A \"library\" means a collection of software functions and/or data\r\nprepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs\r\n(which use some of those functions and data) to form executables.\r\n\r\n The \"Library\", below, refers to any such software library or work\r\nwhich has been distributed under these terms. A \"work based on the\r\nLibrary\" means either the Library or any derivative work under\r\ncopyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a\r\nportion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated\r\nstraightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is\r\nincluded without limitation in the term \"modification\".)\r\n\r\n \"Source code\" for a work means the preferred form of the work for\r\nmaking modifications to it. For a library, complete source code means\r\nall the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated\r\ninterface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation\r\nand installation of the library.\r\n\r\n Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not\r\ncovered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of\r\nrunning a program using the Library is not restricted, and output from\r\nsuch a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based\r\non the Library (independent of the use of the Library in a tool for\r\nwriting it). Whether that is true depends on what the Library does\r\nand what the program that uses the Library does.\r\n\r\n 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's\r\ncomplete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that\r\nyou conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an\r\nappropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact\r\nall the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any\r\nwarranty; and distribute a copy of this License along with the\r\nLibrary.\r\n\r\n You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,\r\nand you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a\r\nfee.\r\n\f\r\n 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion\r\nof it, thus forming a work based on the Library, and copy and\r\ndistribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1\r\nabove, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:\r\n\r\n a) The modified work must itself be a software library.\r\n\r\n b) You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices\r\n stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.\r\n\r\n c) You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no\r\n charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.\r\n\r\n d) If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a\r\n table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses\r\n the facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility\r\n is invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that,\r\n in the event an application does not supply such function or\r\n table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of\r\n its purpose remains meaningful.\r\n\r\n (For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has\r\n a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the\r\n application. Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any\r\n application-supplied function or table used by this function must\r\n be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square\r\n root function must still compute square roots.)\r\n\r\nThese requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If\r\nidentifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library,\r\nand can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in\r\nthemselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those\r\nsections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you\r\ndistribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based\r\non the Library, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of\r\nthis License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the\r\nentire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote\r\nit.\r\n\r\nThus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest\r\nyour rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to\r\nexercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or\r\ncollective works based on the Library.\r\n\r\nIn addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library\r\nwith the Library (or with a work based on the Library) on a volume of\r\na storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under\r\nthe scope of this License.\r\n\r\n 3. You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public\r\nLicense instead of this License to a given copy of the Library. To do\r\nthis, you must alter all the notices that refer to this License, so\r\nthat they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License, version 2,\r\ninstead of to this License. (If a newer version than version 2 of the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License has appeared, then you can specify\r\nthat version instead if you wish.) Do not make any other change in\r\nthese notices.\r\n\f\r\n Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for\r\nthat copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all\r\nsubsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy.\r\n\r\n This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of\r\nthe Library into a program that is not a library.\r\n\r\n 4. You may copy and distribute the Library (or a portion or\r\nderivative of it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form\r\nunder the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany\r\nit with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which\r\nmust be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a\r\nmedium customarily used for software interchange.\r\n\r\n If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy\r\nfrom a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the\r\nsource code from the same place satisfies the requirement to\r\ndistribute the source code, even though third parties are not\r\ncompelled to copy the source along with the object code.\r\n\r\n 5. A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the\r\nLibrary, but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled or\r\nlinked with it, is called a \"work that uses the Library\". Such a\r\nwork, in isolation, is not a derivative work of the Library, and\r\ntherefore falls outside the scope of this License.\r\n\r\n However, linking a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library\r\ncreates an executable that is a derivative of the Library (because it\r\ncontains portions of the Library), rather than a \"work that uses the\r\nlibrary\". The executable is therefore covered by this License.\r\nSection 6 states terms for distribution of such executables.\r\n\r\n When a \"work that uses the Library\" uses material from a header file\r\nthat is part of the Library, the object code for the work may be a\r\nderivative work of the Library even though the source code is not.\r\nWhether this is true is especially significant if the work can be\r\nlinked without the Library, or if the work is itself a library. The\r\nthreshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law.\r\n\r\n If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data\r\nstructure layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline\r\nfunctions (ten lines or less in length), then the use of the object\r\nfile is unrestricted, regardless of whether it is legally a derivative\r\nwork. (Executables containing this object code plus portions of the\r\nLibrary will still fall under Section 6.)\r\n\r\n Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the Library, you may\r\ndistribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6.\r\nAny executables containing that work also fall under Section 6,\r\nwhether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself.\r\n\f\r\n 6. As an exception to the Sections above, you may also combine or\r\nlink a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library to produce a\r\nwork containing portions of the Library, and distribute that work\r\nunder terms of your choice, provided that the terms permit\r\nmodification of the work for the customer's own use and reverse\r\nengineering for debugging such modifications.\r\n\r\n You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the\r\nLibrary is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by\r\nthis License. You must supply a copy of this License. If the work\r\nduring execution displays copyright notices, you must include the\r\ncopyright notice for the Library among them, as well as a reference\r\ndirecting the user to the copy of this License. Also, you must do one\r\nof these things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the work with the complete corresponding\r\n machine-readable source code for the Library including whatever\r\n changes were used in the work (which must be distributed under\r\n Sections 1 and 2 above); and, if the work is an executable linked\r\n with the Library, with the complete machine-readable \"work that\r\n uses the Library\", as object code and/or source code, so that the\r\n user can modify the Library and then relink to produce a modified\r\n executable containing the modified Library. (It is understood\r\n that the user who changes the contents of definitions files in the\r\n Library will not necessarily be able to recompile the application\r\n to use the modified definitions.)\r\n\r\n b) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the\r\n Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (1) uses at run time a\r\n copy of the library already present on the user's computer system,\r\n rather than copying library functions into the executable, and (2)\r\n will operate properly with a modified version of the library, if\r\n the user installs one, as long as the modified version is\r\n interface-compatible with the version that the work was made with.\r\n\r\n c) Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at\r\n least three years, to give the same user the materials\r\n specified in Subsection 6a, above, for a charge no more\r\n than the cost of performing this distribution.\r\n\r\n d) If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy\r\n from a designated place, offer equivalent access to copy the above\r\n specified materials from the same place.\r\n\r\n e) Verify that the user has already received a copy of these\r\n materials or that you have already sent this user a copy.\r\n\r\n For an executable, the required form of the \"work that uses the\r\nLibrary\" must include any data and utility programs needed for\r\nreproducing the executable from it. However, as a special exception,\r\nthe materials to be distributed need not include anything that is\r\nnormally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major\r\ncomponents (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on\r\nwhich the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies\r\nthe executable.\r\n\r\n It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license\r\nrestrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally\r\naccompany the operating system. Such a contradiction means you cannot\r\nuse both them and the Library together in an executable that you\r\ndistribute.\r\n\f\r\n 7. You may place library facilities that are a work based on the\r\nLibrary side-by-side in a single library together with other library\r\nfacilities not covered by this License, and distribute such a combined\r\nlibrary, provided that the separate distribution of the work based on\r\nthe Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise\r\npermitted, and provided that you do these two things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work\r\n based on the Library, uncombined with any other library\r\n facilities. This must be distributed under the terms of the\r\n Sections above.\r\n\r\n b) Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact\r\n that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining\r\n where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.\r\n\r\n 8. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute\r\nthe Library except as expressly provided under this License. Any\r\nattempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or\r\ndistribute the Library is void, and will automatically terminate your\r\nrights under this License. However, parties who have received copies,\r\nor rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses\r\nterminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.\r\n\r\n 9. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not\r\nsigned it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or\r\ndistribute the Library or its derivative works. These actions are\r\nprohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by\r\nmodifying or distributing the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and\r\nall its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying\r\nthe Library or works based on it.\r\n\r\n 10. Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), the recipient automatically receives a license from the\r\noriginal licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the Library\r\nsubject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further\r\nrestrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.\r\nYou are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with\r\nthis License.\r\n\f\r\n 11. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent\r\ninfringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),\r\nconditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or\r\notherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not\r\nexcuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot\r\ndistribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this\r\nLicense and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you\r\nmay not distribute the Library at all. For example, if a patent\r\nlicense would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Library by\r\nall those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then\r\nthe only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to\r\nrefrain entirely from distribution of the Library.\r\n\r\nIf any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any\r\nparticular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply,\r\nand the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.\r\n\r\nIt is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any\r\npatents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any\r\nsuch claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the\r\nintegrity of the free software distribution system which is\r\nimplemented by public license practices. Many people have made\r\ngenerous contributions to the wide range of software distributed\r\nthrough that system in reliance on consistent application of that\r\nsystem; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing\r\nto distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot\r\nimpose that choice.\r\n\r\nThis section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to\r\nbe a consequence of the rest of this License.\r\n\r\n 12. If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in\r\ncertain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the\r\noriginal copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add\r\nan explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries,\r\nso that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus\r\nexcluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if\r\nwritten in the body of this License.\r\n\r\n 13. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new\r\nversions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time.\r\nSuch new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version,\r\nbut may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.\r\n\r\nEach version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library\r\nspecifies a version number of this License which applies to it and\r\n\"any later version\", you have the option of following the terms and\r\nconditions either of that version or of any later version published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation. If the Library does not specify a\r\nlicense version number, you may choose any version ever published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation.\r\n\f\r\n 14. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free\r\nprograms whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these,\r\nwrite to the author to ask for permission. For software which is\r\ncopyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free\r\nSoftware Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our\r\ndecision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status\r\nof all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing\r\nand reuse of software generally.\r\n\r\n NO WARRANTY\r\n\r\n 15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO\r\nWARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.\r\nEXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR\r\nOTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY \"AS IS\" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY\r\nKIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\r\nIMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR\r\nPURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE\r\nLIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME\r\nTHE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.\r\n\r\n 16. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN\r\nWRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY\r\nAND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU\r\nFOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR\r\nCONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE\r\nLIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING\r\nRENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A\r\nFAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF\r\nSUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH\r\nDAMAGES.\r\n\r\n END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS\r\n\r\n How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries\r\n\r\n If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest\r\npossible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that\r\neveryone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting\r\nredistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the\r\nordinary General Public License).\r\n\r\n To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is\r\nsafest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively\r\nconvey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the\r\n\"copyright\" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.\r\n\r\n <one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.>\r\n Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>\r\n\r\n This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\r\n modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either\r\n version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.\r\n\r\n This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\r\n but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\r\n MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Geophysics" }, { "word": "Principal component analysis" }, { "word": "Seismic reflection data" }, { "word": "Unsupervised learning" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-08-04T11:28:39+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-05T17:52:44+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-05T17:52:44+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/ajmgy", "authors": [ { "pk": 1525, "first_name": "Thilo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wrona", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0002-9707-0595" }, { "pk": 92, "first_name": "Indranil", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pan", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6012, "first_name": "Rebecca", "middle_name": "E.", "last_name": "Bell", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9404, "first_name": "Haakon", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Fossen", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5351, "first_name": "Robert", "middle_name": "Leslie", "last_name": "Gawthorpe", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Manuscript - PCA.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/48/download/89/" }, { "original_filename": "Wrona et al. (2018) - Principal component analysis of seismic facies .pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/48/download/90/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 49, "title": "Paucity of legacy oil and gas subsurface data onshore United Kingdom: implications for the expansion of low carbon subsurface activities and technologies", "abstract": "The decarbonisation of energy systems to achieve net zero carbon emissions will likely see the rapid development of carbon capture and storage, energy storage in the subsurface and geothermal energy projects. Subsurface data such as seismic reflection surveys and borehole data are vital for geoscientists and engineers to carry out comprehensive assessments of both the opportunities and risks for these developments. Here, for the first time, legacy subsurface data from onshore oil and gas exploration in the UK is collated and analysed. We provide a description of the spatial coverage and a chronology of the acquisition of key seismic reflection and borehole data, as well as examine data resolution and limitations. We discuss the implications of spatial variability in subsurface datasets and the associated subsurface uncertainty. This variability is vitally important to understanding the suitability of data for decision making. We examine societal aspects of data uncertainty and discuss that when the same data are used to communicate subsurface uncertainty and risk, the source of the data should also be considered, especially where data is not easily publicly accessible. Understanding the provenance of data is vitally important for future geoenergy activities and public confidence in subsurface activities.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Geology" }, { "word": "data" }, { "word": "geoenergy" }, { "word": "geostatistics" }, { "word": "onshore" }, { "word": "public perception" }, { "word": "subsurface" }, { "word": "uncertainty" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-08-03T23:29:44+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-04T21:37:29+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-04T21:37:29+02:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.12582", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/rdv2s", "authors": [ { "pk": 1727, "first_name": "Mark", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ireland", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6916, "first_name": "Rachel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Brown", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8157, "first_name": "Miles", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wilson", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9196, "first_name": "Paul", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Stretesky", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7502, "first_name": "Richard", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Davies", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Ireland_et_al_LegacyOnshoreData_PrePrint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/49/download/91/" }, { "original_filename": "Ireland_et_al_LegacyOnshoreData_PrePrint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/49/download/3917/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "http://www.ukogl.com", "label": "Public data" }, { "url": "https://maps.ukogl.org.uk/arcgis/rest/services/public/public_seismic_BritNatGrid/Mapserver", "label": "Public data" }, { "url": "http://www.bgs.ac.uk", "label": "Public data" }, { "url": "http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/512272/", "label": "Public data" }, { "url": "https://data.ukedc.rl.ac.uk/browse/edc/efficiency/residential/Buildings/DS4DS", "label": "Public data" }, { "url": "https://ndr.ogauthority.co.uk/", "label": "Public data" }, { "url": "https://nlog.nl/en", "label": "Public data" } ] }, { "pk": 50, "title": "Notes on Seismic Source Models in Elastostatics", "abstract": "Seismic source models in elastostatics lay the foundations for the popular earthquake deformation formula derived in Okada (1992), which forms key components for many studies in earthquake displacement simulations, earthquake source inversions and ground-motion predictions. However,despite of their importance, we found that the assumptions and proofs of some important theorems about the topic are incomplete in the literature, causing difficulties for beginners to understand the theoretical basis of Okada (1992) and its extensions. This note fills these gaps, and conveys the mathematics of relevant concepts in a consistent (in terms of notations) and rigorous (in terms of assumptions and deviations) manner. The note could be used as a complement to the more general introduction to the quantitative seismology provided in Moczo (2006) and Aki (2009).", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Constitutive equation" }, { "word": "equation of motion" }, { "word": "Green's tensor" }, { "word": "principle of superposition" }, { "word": "reciprocity theorem" }, { "word": "representation theorem" }, { "word": "uniqueness theorems" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-07-31T11:06:20+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-07-31T17:20:44+02:00", "date_published": "2020-07-31T17:20:44+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/234kp", "authors": [ { "pk": 94, "first_name": "Deyu", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ming", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Notes_on_Seismic_Source_Models_in_Elastostatics.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/50/download/92/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 51, "title": "Seismic diffraction imaging to better characterise mass-transport complexes: examples from the Gulf of Cadiz, south west Iberian Margin", "abstract": "Mass‐transport complexes (MTCs) are often characterised by small‐scale, discontinuous internal structure, such as slide blocks, rough interfaces, faults and truncated strata. Seismic images may not properly resolve such structure because seismic reflections are fundamentally limited in lateral resolution by the source bandwidth. The relatively weak seismic diffractions, instead, encode information on sub‐wavelength scale structure with superior illumination. In this paper, we compare diffraction imaging to conventional, full‐wavefield seismic imaging to characterise MTCs. We apply a seismic diffraction imaging workflow based on plane‐wave destruction filters to two 2‐D marine multi‐channel seismic profiles from the Gulf of Cadiz. We observe that MTCs generate a large amount of diffracted energy relative to the unfailed confining sediments. The diffraction images show that some of this energy is localised along existing discontinuities imaged by the full‐wavefield images. We demonstrate that, in combination with full‐wavefield images, diffraction images can be utilised to better discriminate the lateral extent of MTCs, particularly for thin bodies. We suggest that diffraction images may be a more physically correct alternative to commonly used seismic discontinuity attributes derived from full‐wavefield images. Finally, we outline an approach to utilise the out‐of‐plane diffractions generated by the 3‐D structure of MTCs, normally considered a nuisance in 2‐D seismic processing. We use a controlled synthetic test and a real data example to show that under certain conditions these out‐of‐plane diffractions might be used to constrain the minimum width of MTCs from single 2‐D seismic profiles.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "marine geophysics" }, { "word": "mass-transport complex" }, { "word": "seismic reflection" }, { "word": "submarine landslides" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-07-31T10:59:35+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-03T19:26:42+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-03T19:26:42+02:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JB021474", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/5kvnx", "authors": [ { "pk": 3566, "first_name": "Jonathan", "middle_name": "Mark", "last_name": "Ford", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0003-4936-8909" }, { "pk": 6938, "first_name": "Roger", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Urgeles", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6618, "first_name": "Angelo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Camerlenghi", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9215, "first_name": "Eulàlia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gràcia", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Ford_et_al_Diffraction_imaging_MTCs.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/51/download/93/" }, { "original_filename": "Ford_et_al_Diffraction_imaging_MTCs_v2.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/51/download/4057/" }, { "original_filename": "ford_et_al_diffraction_imaging_mtcs_v3.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/51/download/4223/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 52, "title": "The formation and implications of giant blocks and fluid escape structures in submarine lateral spreads", "abstract": "Lateral spread (or ‘spreading’) and submarine creep are processes that occur near the headwalls of both terrestrial landslides and submarine mass-transport complexes (MTCs). Both submarine creep and spread deposits may contain giant (km-scale) coherent blocks, but their transport processes remain poorly constrained. Here we use 2D and 3D seismic reflection data to determine the geometry, scale, and origin of an ancient (Late Miocene) mass-transport complex (MTC) located in the Kangaroo Syncline, offshore NW Australia. We show that this large remobilised mass of carbonate ooze is c. 170-300 m thick and covers an area of at least c. 1050 km2. The deposit is defined internally by two distinct seismic facies: (i) large, upward-tapering blocks (up to 210-300 m thick, 170-210 m wide, and 800-1200 m long) with negligible internal deformation, which decrease in height and spacing along the transport direction (identical, but in situ, seismic facies forms undeformed slope material immediately updip of the deposit headwall); and (ii) troughs (160-260 m thick, 190-230 m wide and 800-1200 m long) comprising moderately deformed strata, which contain ‘v’-shaped, pipe-like structures that extend upwards from the inferred basal shear surface to the top surface of the MTC. The lack of deformation within the blocks, and their correlation to adjacent in-situ deposits, suggests they underwent very limited transport (c. 50 m-70 m). The relatively high degree of deformation within the intervening troughs is attributed to the vertical expulsion of fluids and sediment during hydraulic failure of the sediment mass. We present a hydraulic failure model that accounts for the styles and patterns of intra-MTC deformation process. This model invokes evacuation of the lower slope by a pre-cursor MTC that formed the space to trigger the lateral spread event. Our study provides new insights into the genesis and rheology of subaqueous lateral spreads, enabling improved assessments of the threats posed to critical seafloor infrastructure. The genetic links identified between mass wasting and spatially-focused fluid flow indicate that, as well as disturbing the deep seafloor, submarine landslides may also create important deep-sea biodiversity hotspots.", "license": { "name": "Academic Free License (AFL) 3.0", "short_name": "AFL 3.0", "text": "Academic Free License (\"AFL\") v. 3.0\r\nThis Academic Free License (the \"License\") applies to any original work of authorship (the \"Original Work\") whose owner (the \"Licensor\") has placed the following licensing notice adjacent to the copyright notice for the Original Work:\r\n\r\nLicensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0\r\n\r\n1) Grant of Copyright License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, for the duration of the copyright, to do the following:\r\n\r\na) to reproduce the Original Work in copies, either alone or as part of a collective work;\r\n\r\nb) to translate, adapt, alter, transform, modify, or arrange the Original Work, thereby creating derivative works (\"Derivative Works\") based upon the Original Work;\r\n\r\nc) to distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work and Derivative Works to the public, under any license of your choice that does not contradict the terms and conditions, including Licensor's reserved rights and remedies, in this Academic Free License;\r\n\r\nd) to perform the Original Work publicly; and\r\n\r\ne) to display the Original Work publicly.\r\n\r\n2) Grant of Patent License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, under patent claims owned or controlled by the Licensor that are embodied in the Original Work as furnished by the Licensor, for the duration of the patents, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, and import the Original Work and Derivative Works.\r\n\r\n3) Grant of Source Code License. The term \"Source Code\" means the preferred form of the Original Work for making modifications to it and all available documentation describing how to modify the Original Work. Licensor agrees to provide a machine-readable copy of the Source Code of the Original Work along with each copy of the Original Work that Licensor distributes. Licensor reserves the right to satisfy this obligation by placing a machine-readable copy of the Source Code in an information repository reasonably calculated to permit inexpensive and convenient access by You for as long as Licensor continues to distribute the Original Work.\r\n\r\n4) Exclusions From License Grant. Neither the names of Licensor, nor the names of any contributors to the Original Work, nor any of their trademarks or service marks, may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this Original Work without express prior permission of the Licensor. Except as expressly stated herein, nothing in this License grants any license to Licensor's trademarks, copyrights, patents, trade secrets or any other intellectual property. No patent license is granted to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, or import embodiments of any patent claims other than the licensed claims defined in Section 2. No license is granted to the trademarks of Licensor even if such marks are included in the Original Work. Nothing in this License shall be interpreted to prohibit Licensor from licensing under terms different from this License any Original Work that Licensor otherwise would have a right to license.\r\n\r\n5) External Deployment. The term \"External Deployment\" means the use, distribution, or communication of the Original Work or Derivative Works in any way such that the Original Work or Derivative Works may be used by anyone other than You, whether those works are distributed or communicated to those persons or made available as an application intended for use over a network. As an express condition for the grants of license hereunder, You must treat any External Deployment by You of the Original Work or a Derivative Work as a distribution under section 1(c).\r\n\r\n6) Attribution Rights. You must retain, in the Source Code of any Derivative Works that You create, all copyright, patent, or trademark notices from the Source Code of the Original Work, as well as any notices of licensing and any descriptive text identified therein as an \"Attribution Notice.\" You must cause the Source Code for any Derivative Works that You create to carry a prominent Attribution Notice reasonably calculated to inform recipients that You have modified the Original Work.\r\n\r\n7) Warranty of Provenance and Disclaimer of Warranty. Licensor warrants that the copyright in and to the Original Work and the patent rights granted herein by Licensor are owned by the Licensor or are sublicensed to You under the terms of this License with the permission of the contributor(s) of those copyrights and patent rights. Except as expressly stated in the immediately preceding sentence, the Original Work is provided under this License on an \"AS IS\" BASIS and WITHOUT WARRANTY, either express or implied, including, without limitation, the warranties of non-infringement, merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY OF THE ORIGINAL WORK IS WITH YOU. This DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY constitutes an essential part of this License. No license to the Original Work is granted by this License except under this disclaimer.\r\n\r\n8) Limitation of Liability. Under no circumstances and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, shall the Licensor be liable to anyone for any indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or the use of the Original Work including, without limitation, damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses. This limitation of liability shall not apply to the extent applicable law prohibits such limitation.\r\n\r\n9) Acceptance and Termination. If, at any time, You expressly assented to this License, that assent indicates your clear and irrevocable acceptance of this License and all of its terms and conditions. If You distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work or a Derivative Work, You must make a reasonable effort under the circumstances to obtain the express assent of recipients to the terms of this License. This License conditions your rights to undertake the activities listed in Section 1, including your right to create Derivative Works based upon the Original Work, and doing so without honoring these terms and conditions is prohibited by copyright law and international treaty. Nothing in this License is intended to affect copyright exceptions and limitations (including \"fair use\" or \"fair dealing\"). This License shall terminate immediately and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License upon your failure to honor the conditions in Section 1(c).\r\n\r\n10) Termination for Patent Action. This License shall terminate automatically and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License as of the date You commence an action, including a cross-claim or counterclaim, against Licensor or any licensee alleging that the Original Work infringes a patent. This termination provision shall not apply for an action alleging patent infringement by combinations of the Original Work with other software or hardware.\r\n\r\n11) Jurisdiction, Venue and Governing Law. Any action or suit relating to this License may be brought only in the courts of a jurisdiction wherein the Licensor resides or in which Licensor conducts its primary business, and under the laws of that jurisdiction excluding its conflict-of-law provisions. The application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is expressly excluded. Any use of the Original Work outside the scope of this License or after its termination shall be subject to the requirements and penalties of copyright or patent law in the appropriate jurisdiction. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n12) Attorneys' Fees. In any action to enforce the terms of this License or seeking damages relating thereto, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover its costs and expenses, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and costs incurred in connection with such action, including any appeal of such action. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n13) Miscellaneous. If any provision of this License is held to be unenforceable, such provision shall be reformed only to the extent necessary to make it enforceable.\r\n\r\n14) Definition of \"You\" in This License. \"You\" throughout this License, whether in upper or lower case, means an individual or a legal entity exercising rights under, and complying with all of the terms of, this License. For legal entities, \"You\" includes any entity that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with you. For purposes of this definition, \"control\" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.\r\n\r\n15) Right to Use. You may use the Original Work in all ways not otherwise restricted or conditioned by this License or by law, and Licensor promises not to interfere with or be responsible for such uses by You.\r\n\r\n16) Modification of This License. This License is Copyright © 2005 Lawrence Rosen. Permission is granted to copy, distribute, or communicate this License without modification. Nothing in this License permits You to modify this License as applied to the Original Work or to Derivative Works. However, You may modify the text of this License and copy, distribute or communicate your modified version (the \"Modified License\") and apply it to other original works of authorship subject to the following conditions: (i) You may not indicate in any way that your Modified License is the \"Academic Free License\" or \"AFL\" and you may not use those names in the name of your Modified License; (ii) You must replace the notice specified in the first paragraph above with the notice \"Licensed under <insert your license name here>\" or with a notice of your own that is not confusingly similar to the notice in this License; and (iii) You may not claim that your original works are open source software unless your Modified License has been approved by Open Source Initiative (OSI) and You comply with its license review and certification process.", "url": "http://opensource.org/licenses/AFL-3.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Exmouth Plateau" }, { "word": "geohazard" }, { "word": "mass-transport complex (MTC)" }, { "word": "spread" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-07-29T17:34:10+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-07-30T15:52:36+02:00", "date_published": "2020-07-30T15:52:36+02:00", "doi": "http://doi.org/10.1111/bre.12532", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/pw3nx", "authors": [ { "pk": 2580, "first_name": "Nan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wu", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0003-3967-9877" }, { "pk": 1573, "first_name": "Christopher", "middle_name": "Aiden-Lee", "last_name": "Jackson", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": "0000-0002-8592-9032" }, { "pk": 8280, "first_name": "Howard", "middle_name": "D.", "last_name": "Johnson", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 3603, "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hodgson", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5225, "first_name": "Michael", "middle_name": "Andrew", "last_name": "Clare", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 4105, "first_name": "Harya", "middle_name": "Dwi", "last_name": "Nugraha", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0001-6099-7947" }, { "pk": 12213, "first_name": "Wei", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Li", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Medicine and Health Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Sedimentology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "The formation and implications of giant blocks and fluid escape structures in submarine lateral spreads.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/52/download/94/" }, { "original_filename": "The formation and implications of giant blocks and fluid escape structures in submarine lateral spreads.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/52/download/95/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/zy6sw", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 53, "title": "Inferring Interseismic Coupling along the Lesser Antilles Arc: a Bayesian Approach", "abstract": "The Lesser Antilles subduction zone is a challenging region when it comes to unraveling its seismogenic behavior. Over the last century, the subduction megathrust has been seismically quiet, with no large thrust event recorded, which raises the question whether this subduction zone is able to produce large interplate earthquakes or not. However, two historical earthquakes in the 19th century, a M 7-8 in 1839 and M 7.5-8.5 in 1843, are proposed to have occurred along the subduction megathrust, although no direct evidence exists. Here we provide a new assessment of interseismic coupling for the Lesser Antilles subduction zone, based on updated GPS velocities and the latest models of the slab geometry and elastic crustal structure. We use a Bayesian approach, allowing us to explore the entire range of plausible models and to provide realistic estimates of interseismic coupling and associated uncertainties. We find low to very low coupling along the entire plate interface, including in the proposed rupture areas of the 1839 and 1843 events, where the sensitivity of our model is high. While a further understanding of temporal variations in interseismic coupling needs to be addressed in future studies, our results indicate that the Lesser Antilles subduction zone is uncoupled, which challenges the idea that the 1839 and 1843 earthquakes were thrust events. The updated GPS velocities of this work now also reveal a small, but detectable amount of along-arc extension, consistent with geological observations of active normal faulting within the arc.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public\r\nLicenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change\r\nfree software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.\r\n\r\n This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some\r\nspecially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the\r\nFree Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You\r\ncan use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether\r\nthis license or the ordinary General Public License is the better\r\nstrategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.\r\n\r\n When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,\r\nnot price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that\r\nyou have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge\r\nfor this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get\r\nit if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of\r\nit in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do\r\nthese things.\r\n\r\n To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid\r\ndistributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these\r\nrights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for\r\nyou if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.\r\n\r\n For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis\r\nor for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave\r\nyou. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source\r\ncode. If you link other code with the library, you must provide\r\ncomplete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them\r\nwith the library after making changes to the library and recompiling\r\nit. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.\r\n\r\n We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the\r\nlibrary, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal\r\npermission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.\r\n\r\n To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that\r\nthere is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is\r\nmodified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know\r\nthat what they have is not the original version, so that the original\r\nauthor's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be\r\nintroduced by others.\r\n\f\r\n Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of\r\nany free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot\r\neffectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a\r\nrestrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that\r\nany patent license obtained for a version of the library must be\r\nconsistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license.\r\n\r\n Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser\r\nGeneral Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and\r\nis quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use\r\nthis license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those\r\nlibraries into non-free programs.\r\n\r\n When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using\r\na shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a\r\ncombined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary\r\nGeneral Public License therefore permits such linking only if the\r\nentire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General\r\nPublic License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with\r\nthe library.\r\n\r\n We call this license the \"Lesser\" General Public License because it\r\ndoes Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General\r\nPublic License. It also provides other free software developers Less\r\nof an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages\r\nare the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many\r\nlibraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain\r\nspecial circumstances.\r\n\r\n For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to\r\nencourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes\r\na de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be\r\nallowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free\r\nlibrary does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this\r\ncase, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free\r\nsoftware only, so we use the Lesser General Public License.\r\n\r\n In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free\r\nprograms enables a greater number of people to use a large body of\r\nfree software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in\r\nnon-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU\r\noperating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating\r\nsystem.\r\n\r\n Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the\r\nusers' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is\r\nlinked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run\r\nthat program using a modified version of the Library.\r\n\r\n The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and\r\nmodification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a\r\n\"work based on the library\" and a \"work that uses the library\". The\r\nformer contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must\r\nbe combined with the library in order to run.\r\n\f\r\n GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION\r\n\r\n 0. This License Agreement applies to any software library or other\r\nprogram which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or\r\nother authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of\r\nthis Lesser General Public License (also called \"this License\").\r\nEach licensee is addressed as \"you\".\r\n\r\n A \"library\" means a collection of software functions and/or data\r\nprepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs\r\n(which use some of those functions and data) to form executables.\r\n\r\n The \"Library\", below, refers to any such software library or work\r\nwhich has been distributed under these terms. A \"work based on the\r\nLibrary\" means either the Library or any derivative work under\r\ncopyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a\r\nportion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated\r\nstraightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is\r\nincluded without limitation in the term \"modification\".)\r\n\r\n \"Source code\" for a work means the preferred form of the work for\r\nmaking modifications to it. For a library, complete source code means\r\nall the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated\r\ninterface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation\r\nand installation of the library.\r\n\r\n Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not\r\ncovered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of\r\nrunning a program using the Library is not restricted, and output from\r\nsuch a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based\r\non the Library (independent of the use of the Library in a tool for\r\nwriting it). Whether that is true depends on what the Library does\r\nand what the program that uses the Library does.\r\n\r\n 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's\r\ncomplete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that\r\nyou conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an\r\nappropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact\r\nall the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any\r\nwarranty; and distribute a copy of this License along with the\r\nLibrary.\r\n\r\n You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,\r\nand you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a\r\nfee.\r\n\f\r\n 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion\r\nof it, thus forming a work based on the Library, and copy and\r\ndistribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1\r\nabove, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:\r\n\r\n a) The modified work must itself be a software library.\r\n\r\n b) You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices\r\n stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.\r\n\r\n c) You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no\r\n charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.\r\n\r\n d) If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a\r\n table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses\r\n the facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility\r\n is invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that,\r\n in the event an application does not supply such function or\r\n table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of\r\n its purpose remains meaningful.\r\n\r\n (For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has\r\n a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the\r\n application. Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any\r\n application-supplied function or table used by this function must\r\n be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square\r\n root function must still compute square roots.)\r\n\r\nThese requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If\r\nidentifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library,\r\nand can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in\r\nthemselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those\r\nsections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you\r\ndistribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based\r\non the Library, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of\r\nthis License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the\r\nentire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote\r\nit.\r\n\r\nThus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest\r\nyour rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to\r\nexercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or\r\ncollective works based on the Library.\r\n\r\nIn addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library\r\nwith the Library (or with a work based on the Library) on a volume of\r\na storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under\r\nthe scope of this License.\r\n\r\n 3. You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public\r\nLicense instead of this License to a given copy of the Library. To do\r\nthis, you must alter all the notices that refer to this License, so\r\nthat they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License, version 2,\r\ninstead of to this License. (If a newer version than version 2 of the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License has appeared, then you can specify\r\nthat version instead if you wish.) Do not make any other change in\r\nthese notices.\r\n\f\r\n Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for\r\nthat copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all\r\nsubsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy.\r\n\r\n This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of\r\nthe Library into a program that is not a library.\r\n\r\n 4. You may copy and distribute the Library (or a portion or\r\nderivative of it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form\r\nunder the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany\r\nit with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which\r\nmust be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a\r\nmedium customarily used for software interchange.\r\n\r\n If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy\r\nfrom a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the\r\nsource code from the same place satisfies the requirement to\r\ndistribute the source code, even though third parties are not\r\ncompelled to copy the source along with the object code.\r\n\r\n 5. A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the\r\nLibrary, but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled or\r\nlinked with it, is called a \"work that uses the Library\". Such a\r\nwork, in isolation, is not a derivative work of the Library, and\r\ntherefore falls outside the scope of this License.\r\n\r\n However, linking a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library\r\ncreates an executable that is a derivative of the Library (because it\r\ncontains portions of the Library), rather than a \"work that uses the\r\nlibrary\". The executable is therefore covered by this License.\r\nSection 6 states terms for distribution of such executables.\r\n\r\n When a \"work that uses the Library\" uses material from a header file\r\nthat is part of the Library, the object code for the work may be a\r\nderivative work of the Library even though the source code is not.\r\nWhether this is true is especially significant if the work can be\r\nlinked without the Library, or if the work is itself a library. The\r\nthreshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law.\r\n\r\n If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data\r\nstructure layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline\r\nfunctions (ten lines or less in length), then the use of the object\r\nfile is unrestricted, regardless of whether it is legally a derivative\r\nwork. (Executables containing this object code plus portions of the\r\nLibrary will still fall under Section 6.)\r\n\r\n Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the Library, you may\r\ndistribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6.\r\nAny executables containing that work also fall under Section 6,\r\nwhether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself.\r\n\f\r\n 6. As an exception to the Sections above, you may also combine or\r\nlink a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library to produce a\r\nwork containing portions of the Library, and distribute that work\r\nunder terms of your choice, provided that the terms permit\r\nmodification of the work for the customer's own use and reverse\r\nengineering for debugging such modifications.\r\n\r\n You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the\r\nLibrary is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by\r\nthis License. You must supply a copy of this License. If the work\r\nduring execution displays copyright notices, you must include the\r\ncopyright notice for the Library among them, as well as a reference\r\ndirecting the user to the copy of this License. Also, you must do one\r\nof these things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the work with the complete corresponding\r\n machine-readable source code for the Library including whatever\r\n changes were used in the work (which must be distributed under\r\n Sections 1 and 2 above); and, if the work is an executable linked\r\n with the Library, with the complete machine-readable \"work that\r\n uses the Library\", as object code and/or source code, so that the\r\n user can modify the Library and then relink to produce a modified\r\n executable containing the modified Library. (It is understood\r\n that the user who changes the contents of definitions files in the\r\n Library will not necessarily be able to recompile the application\r\n to use the modified definitions.)\r\n\r\n b) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the\r\n Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (1) uses at run time a\r\n copy of the library already present on the user's computer system,\r\n rather than copying library functions into the executable, and (2)\r\n will operate properly with a modified version of the library, if\r\n the user installs one, as long as the modified version is\r\n interface-compatible with the version that the work was made with.\r\n\r\n c) Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at\r\n least three years, to give the same user the materials\r\n specified in Subsection 6a, above, for a charge no more\r\n than the cost of performing this distribution.\r\n\r\n d) If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy\r\n from a designated place, offer equivalent access to copy the above\r\n specified materials from the same place.\r\n\r\n e) Verify that the user has already received a copy of these\r\n materials or that you have already sent this user a copy.\r\n\r\n For an executable, the required form of the \"work that uses the\r\nLibrary\" must include any data and utility programs needed for\r\nreproducing the executable from it. However, as a special exception,\r\nthe materials to be distributed need not include anything that is\r\nnormally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major\r\ncomponents (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on\r\nwhich the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies\r\nthe executable.\r\n\r\n It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license\r\nrestrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally\r\naccompany the operating system. Such a contradiction means you cannot\r\nuse both them and the Library together in an executable that you\r\ndistribute.\r\n\f\r\n 7. You may place library facilities that are a work based on the\r\nLibrary side-by-side in a single library together with other library\r\nfacilities not covered by this License, and distribute such a combined\r\nlibrary, provided that the separate distribution of the work based on\r\nthe Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise\r\npermitted, and provided that you do these two things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work\r\n based on the Library, uncombined with any other library\r\n facilities. This must be distributed under the terms of the\r\n Sections above.\r\n\r\n b) Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact\r\n that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining\r\n where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.\r\n\r\n 8. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute\r\nthe Library except as expressly provided under this License. Any\r\nattempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or\r\ndistribute the Library is void, and will automatically terminate your\r\nrights under this License. However, parties who have received copies,\r\nor rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses\r\nterminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.\r\n\r\n 9. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not\r\nsigned it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or\r\ndistribute the Library or its derivative works. These actions are\r\nprohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by\r\nmodifying or distributing the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and\r\nall its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying\r\nthe Library or works based on it.\r\n\r\n 10. Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), the recipient automatically receives a license from the\r\noriginal licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the Library\r\nsubject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further\r\nrestrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.\r\nYou are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with\r\nthis License.\r\n\f\r\n 11. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent\r\ninfringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),\r\nconditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or\r\notherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not\r\nexcuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot\r\ndistribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this\r\nLicense and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you\r\nmay not distribute the Library at all. For example, if a patent\r\nlicense would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Library by\r\nall those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then\r\nthe only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to\r\nrefrain entirely from distribution of the Library.\r\n\r\nIf any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any\r\nparticular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply,\r\nand the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.\r\n\r\nIt is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any\r\npatents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any\r\nsuch claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the\r\nintegrity of the free software distribution system which is\r\nimplemented by public license practices. Many people have made\r\ngenerous contributions to the wide range of software distributed\r\nthrough that system in reliance on consistent application of that\r\nsystem; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing\r\nto distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot\r\nimpose that choice.\r\n\r\nThis section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to\r\nbe a consequence of the rest of this License.\r\n\r\n 12. If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in\r\ncertain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the\r\noriginal copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add\r\nan explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries,\r\nso that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus\r\nexcluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if\r\nwritten in the body of this License.\r\n\r\n 13. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new\r\nversions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time.\r\nSuch new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version,\r\nbut may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.\r\n\r\nEach version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library\r\nspecifies a version number of this License which applies to it and\r\n\"any later version\", you have the option of following the terms and\r\nconditions either of that version or of any later version published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation. If the Library does not specify a\r\nlicense version number, you may choose any version ever published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation.\r\n\f\r\n 14. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free\r\nprograms whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these,\r\nwrite to the author to ask for permission. For software which is\r\ncopyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free\r\nSoftware Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our\r\ndecision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status\r\nof all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing\r\nand reuse of software generally.\r\n\r\n NO WARRANTY\r\n\r\n 15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO\r\nWARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.\r\nEXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR\r\nOTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY \"AS IS\" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY\r\nKIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\r\nIMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR\r\nPURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE\r\nLIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME\r\nTHE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.\r\n\r\n 16. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN\r\nWRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY\r\nAND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU\r\nFOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR\r\nCONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE\r\nLIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING\r\nRENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A\r\nFAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF\r\nSUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH\r\nDAMAGES.\r\n\r\n END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS\r\n\r\n How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries\r\n\r\n If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest\r\npossible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that\r\neveryone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting\r\nredistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the\r\nordinary General Public License).\r\n\r\n To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is\r\nsafest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively\r\nconvey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the\r\n\"copyright\" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.\r\n\r\n <one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.>\r\n Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>\r\n\r\n This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\r\n modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either\r\n version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.\r\n\r\n This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\r\n but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\r\n MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Bayesian inversion" }, { "word": "Caribbean" }, { "word": "GPS" }, { "word": "Interseismic coupling" }, { "word": "Lesser Antilles" }, { "word": "Megathrust" }, { "word": "Seismotectonics" }, { "word": "Subduction earthquakes" }, { "word": "Subduction interface" }, { "word": "Subduction zone" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-07-29T10:45:29+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-07-31T17:12:44+02:00", "date_published": "2020-07-31T17:12:44+02:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JB020677", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/kn7hq", "authors": [ { "pk": 1657, "first_name": "Elenora", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "van Rijsingen", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5788, "first_name": "Eric", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Calais", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0002-5935-8117" }, { "pk": 10423, "first_name": "Romain", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jolivet", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8373, "first_name": "Jean-Bernard", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "de Chabalier", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10032, "first_name": "Jorge", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jara", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8065, "first_name": "Steeve", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Symithe", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10939, "first_name": "Richard", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Robertson", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11205, "first_name": "Graham", "middle_name": "A.", "last_name": "Ryan", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "van_Rijsingen_et_al_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/53/download/96/" }, { "original_filename": "Bayesian_Inversion_Lesser_Antilles.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/53/download/97/" }, { "original_filename": "van_Rijsingen_et_al_Lesser_Antilles.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/53/download/98/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 54, "title": "Serious Gaming for Water Resources Planning and Hazard Mitigation", "abstract": "Hydrological hazards lead to a broad range of socio-economic and environmental risks. The development of a resilient community and risk reduction heavily rely on the adoption of holistic watershed master planning whereby the adaptation options consider the risk associated with individual or multiple hydrological hazards occurring simultaneously at a specific location. Such planning approaches pose multiple challenges for decision-makers including the access and manipulation of high-volume high-variety data. Moreover, modern planning approaches involve the watershed community in co-production of decision-making, hence, these approaches have to include elements of social learning and relationship building. This study introduces a serious gaming framework to assist stakeholders in the decision-making process for water resources planning and hazard mitigation. A Multi-Hazard Tournament (MHT) is described that allows the members of a watershed community to evaluate various adaptation options to develop mitigation strategies for multiple water-related hazards (e.g. flood, drought, and water pollution). The tournament offers a competitive and gamified setting for collaborative hazard risk assessment concerning minimizing damages to water quality, riparian habitat, water resources availability, vulnerable populations, and infrastructure. A web-based decision support tool is developed to provide interactive interfaces and engaging visualizations and serve as a one-stop platform to investigate the challenges presented for each damage center within its geographic context and to analyze the cost/benefit relationship for potential hazard mitigation strategies with dynamic analytics tools. Finally, a case study is presented to evaluate the effectiveness of MHT in increasing collective awareness and conceptual and practical understanding of water-related hazards and mitigation strategies.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public\r\nLicenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change\r\nfree software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.\r\n\r\n This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some\r\nspecially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the\r\nFree Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You\r\ncan use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether\r\nthis license or the ordinary General Public License is the better\r\nstrategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.\r\n\r\n When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,\r\nnot price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that\r\nyou have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge\r\nfor this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get\r\nit if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of\r\nit in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do\r\nthese things.\r\n\r\n To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid\r\ndistributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these\r\nrights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for\r\nyou if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.\r\n\r\n For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis\r\nor for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave\r\nyou. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source\r\ncode. If you link other code with the library, you must provide\r\ncomplete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them\r\nwith the library after making changes to the library and recompiling\r\nit. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.\r\n\r\n We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the\r\nlibrary, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal\r\npermission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.\r\n\r\n To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that\r\nthere is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is\r\nmodified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know\r\nthat what they have is not the original version, so that the original\r\nauthor's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be\r\nintroduced by others.\r\n\f\r\n Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of\r\nany free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot\r\neffectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a\r\nrestrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that\r\nany patent license obtained for a version of the library must be\r\nconsistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license.\r\n\r\n Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser\r\nGeneral Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and\r\nis quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use\r\nthis license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those\r\nlibraries into non-free programs.\r\n\r\n When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using\r\na shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a\r\ncombined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary\r\nGeneral Public License therefore permits such linking only if the\r\nentire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General\r\nPublic License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with\r\nthe library.\r\n\r\n We call this license the \"Lesser\" General Public License because it\r\ndoes Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General\r\nPublic License. It also provides other free software developers Less\r\nof an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages\r\nare the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many\r\nlibraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain\r\nspecial circumstances.\r\n\r\n For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to\r\nencourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes\r\na de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be\r\nallowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free\r\nlibrary does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this\r\ncase, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free\r\nsoftware only, so we use the Lesser General Public License.\r\n\r\n In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free\r\nprograms enables a greater number of people to use a large body of\r\nfree software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in\r\nnon-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU\r\noperating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating\r\nsystem.\r\n\r\n Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the\r\nusers' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is\r\nlinked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run\r\nthat program using a modified version of the Library.\r\n\r\n The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and\r\nmodification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a\r\n\"work based on the library\" and a \"work that uses the library\". The\r\nformer contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must\r\nbe combined with the library in order to run.\r\n\f\r\n GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION\r\n\r\n 0. This License Agreement applies to any software library or other\r\nprogram which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or\r\nother authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of\r\nthis Lesser General Public License (also called \"this License\").\r\nEach licensee is addressed as \"you\".\r\n\r\n A \"library\" means a collection of software functions and/or data\r\nprepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs\r\n(which use some of those functions and data) to form executables.\r\n\r\n The \"Library\", below, refers to any such software library or work\r\nwhich has been distributed under these terms. A \"work based on the\r\nLibrary\" means either the Library or any derivative work under\r\ncopyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a\r\nportion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated\r\nstraightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is\r\nincluded without limitation in the term \"modification\".)\r\n\r\n \"Source code\" for a work means the preferred form of the work for\r\nmaking modifications to it. For a library, complete source code means\r\nall the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated\r\ninterface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation\r\nand installation of the library.\r\n\r\n Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not\r\ncovered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of\r\nrunning a program using the Library is not restricted, and output from\r\nsuch a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based\r\non the Library (independent of the use of the Library in a tool for\r\nwriting it). Whether that is true depends on what the Library does\r\nand what the program that uses the Library does.\r\n\r\n 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's\r\ncomplete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that\r\nyou conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an\r\nappropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact\r\nall the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any\r\nwarranty; and distribute a copy of this License along with the\r\nLibrary.\r\n\r\n You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,\r\nand you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a\r\nfee.\r\n\f\r\n 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion\r\nof it, thus forming a work based on the Library, and copy and\r\ndistribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1\r\nabove, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:\r\n\r\n a) The modified work must itself be a software library.\r\n\r\n b) You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices\r\n stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.\r\n\r\n c) You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no\r\n charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.\r\n\r\n d) If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a\r\n table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses\r\n the facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility\r\n is invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that,\r\n in the event an application does not supply such function or\r\n table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of\r\n its purpose remains meaningful.\r\n\r\n (For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has\r\n a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the\r\n application. Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any\r\n application-supplied function or table used by this function must\r\n be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square\r\n root function must still compute square roots.)\r\n\r\nThese requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If\r\nidentifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library,\r\nand can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in\r\nthemselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those\r\nsections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you\r\ndistribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based\r\non the Library, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of\r\nthis License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the\r\nentire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote\r\nit.\r\n\r\nThus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest\r\nyour rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to\r\nexercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or\r\ncollective works based on the Library.\r\n\r\nIn addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library\r\nwith the Library (or with a work based on the Library) on a volume of\r\na storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under\r\nthe scope of this License.\r\n\r\n 3. You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public\r\nLicense instead of this License to a given copy of the Library. To do\r\nthis, you must alter all the notices that refer to this License, so\r\nthat they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License, version 2,\r\ninstead of to this License. (If a newer version than version 2 of the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License has appeared, then you can specify\r\nthat version instead if you wish.) Do not make any other change in\r\nthese notices.\r\n\f\r\n Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for\r\nthat copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all\r\nsubsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy.\r\n\r\n This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of\r\nthe Library into a program that is not a library.\r\n\r\n 4. You may copy and distribute the Library (or a portion or\r\nderivative of it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form\r\nunder the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany\r\nit with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which\r\nmust be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a\r\nmedium customarily used for software interchange.\r\n\r\n If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy\r\nfrom a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the\r\nsource code from the same place satisfies the requirement to\r\ndistribute the source code, even though third parties are not\r\ncompelled to copy the source along with the object code.\r\n\r\n 5. A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the\r\nLibrary, but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled or\r\nlinked with it, is called a \"work that uses the Library\". Such a\r\nwork, in isolation, is not a derivative work of the Library, and\r\ntherefore falls outside the scope of this License.\r\n\r\n However, linking a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library\r\ncreates an executable that is a derivative of the Library (because it\r\ncontains portions of the Library), rather than a \"work that uses the\r\nlibrary\". The executable is therefore covered by this License.\r\nSection 6 states terms for distribution of such executables.\r\n\r\n When a \"work that uses the Library\" uses material from a header file\r\nthat is part of the Library, the object code for the work may be a\r\nderivative work of the Library even though the source code is not.\r\nWhether this is true is especially significant if the work can be\r\nlinked without the Library, or if the work is itself a library. The\r\nthreshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law.\r\n\r\n If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data\r\nstructure layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline\r\nfunctions (ten lines or less in length), then the use of the object\r\nfile is unrestricted, regardless of whether it is legally a derivative\r\nwork. (Executables containing this object code plus portions of the\r\nLibrary will still fall under Section 6.)\r\n\r\n Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the Library, you may\r\ndistribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6.\r\nAny executables containing that work also fall under Section 6,\r\nwhether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself.\r\n\f\r\n 6. As an exception to the Sections above, you may also combine or\r\nlink a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library to produce a\r\nwork containing portions of the Library, and distribute that work\r\nunder terms of your choice, provided that the terms permit\r\nmodification of the work for the customer's own use and reverse\r\nengineering for debugging such modifications.\r\n\r\n You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the\r\nLibrary is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by\r\nthis License. You must supply a copy of this License. If the work\r\nduring execution displays copyright notices, you must include the\r\ncopyright notice for the Library among them, as well as a reference\r\ndirecting the user to the copy of this License. Also, you must do one\r\nof these things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the work with the complete corresponding\r\n machine-readable source code for the Library including whatever\r\n changes were used in the work (which must be distributed under\r\n Sections 1 and 2 above); and, if the work is an executable linked\r\n with the Library, with the complete machine-readable \"work that\r\n uses the Library\", as object code and/or source code, so that the\r\n user can modify the Library and then relink to produce a modified\r\n executable containing the modified Library. (It is understood\r\n that the user who changes the contents of definitions files in the\r\n Library will not necessarily be able to recompile the application\r\n to use the modified definitions.)\r\n\r\n b) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the\r\n Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (1) uses at run time a\r\n copy of the library already present on the user's computer system,\r\n rather than copying library functions into the executable, and (2)\r\n will operate properly with a modified version of the library, if\r\n the user installs one, as long as the modified version is\r\n interface-compatible with the version that the work was made with.\r\n\r\n c) Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at\r\n least three years, to give the same user the materials\r\n specified in Subsection 6a, above, for a charge no more\r\n than the cost of performing this distribution.\r\n\r\n d) If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy\r\n from a designated place, offer equivalent access to copy the above\r\n specified materials from the same place.\r\n\r\n e) Verify that the user has already received a copy of these\r\n materials or that you have already sent this user a copy.\r\n\r\n For an executable, the required form of the \"work that uses the\r\nLibrary\" must include any data and utility programs needed for\r\nreproducing the executable from it. However, as a special exception,\r\nthe materials to be distributed need not include anything that is\r\nnormally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major\r\ncomponents (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on\r\nwhich the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies\r\nthe executable.\r\n\r\n It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license\r\nrestrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally\r\naccompany the operating system. Such a contradiction means you cannot\r\nuse both them and the Library together in an executable that you\r\ndistribute.\r\n\f\r\n 7. You may place library facilities that are a work based on the\r\nLibrary side-by-side in a single library together with other library\r\nfacilities not covered by this License, and distribute such a combined\r\nlibrary, provided that the separate distribution of the work based on\r\nthe Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise\r\npermitted, and provided that you do these two things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work\r\n based on the Library, uncombined with any other library\r\n facilities. This must be distributed under the terms of the\r\n Sections above.\r\n\r\n b) Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact\r\n that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining\r\n where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.\r\n\r\n 8. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute\r\nthe Library except as expressly provided under this License. Any\r\nattempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or\r\ndistribute the Library is void, and will automatically terminate your\r\nrights under this License. However, parties who have received copies,\r\nor rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses\r\nterminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.\r\n\r\n 9. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not\r\nsigned it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or\r\ndistribute the Library or its derivative works. These actions are\r\nprohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by\r\nmodifying or distributing the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and\r\nall its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying\r\nthe Library or works based on it.\r\n\r\n 10. Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), the recipient automatically receives a license from the\r\noriginal licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the Library\r\nsubject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further\r\nrestrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.\r\nYou are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with\r\nthis License.\r\n\f\r\n 11. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent\r\ninfringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),\r\nconditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or\r\notherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not\r\nexcuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot\r\ndistribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this\r\nLicense and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you\r\nmay not distribute the Library at all. For example, if a patent\r\nlicense would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Library by\r\nall those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then\r\nthe only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to\r\nrefrain entirely from distribution of the Library.\r\n\r\nIf any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any\r\nparticular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply,\r\nand the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.\r\n\r\nIt is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any\r\npatents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any\r\nsuch claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the\r\nintegrity of the free software distribution system which is\r\nimplemented by public license practices. Many people have made\r\ngenerous contributions to the wide range of software distributed\r\nthrough that system in reliance on consistent application of that\r\nsystem; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing\r\nto distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot\r\nimpose that choice.\r\n\r\nThis section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to\r\nbe a consequence of the rest of this License.\r\n\r\n 12. If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in\r\ncertain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the\r\noriginal copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add\r\nan explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries,\r\nso that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus\r\nexcluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if\r\nwritten in the body of this License.\r\n\r\n 13. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new\r\nversions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time.\r\nSuch new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version,\r\nbut may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.\r\n\r\nEach version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library\r\nspecifies a version number of this License which applies to it and\r\n\"any later version\", you have the option of following the terms and\r\nconditions either of that version or of any later version published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation. If the Library does not specify a\r\nlicense version number, you may choose any version ever published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation.\r\n\f\r\n 14. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free\r\nprograms whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these,\r\nwrite to the author to ask for permission. For software which is\r\ncopyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free\r\nSoftware Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our\r\ndecision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status\r\nof all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing\r\nand reuse of software generally.\r\n\r\n NO WARRANTY\r\n\r\n 15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO\r\nWARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.\r\nEXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR\r\nOTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY \"AS IS\" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY\r\nKIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\r\nIMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR\r\nPURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE\r\nLIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME\r\nTHE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.\r\n\r\n 16. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN\r\nWRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY\r\nAND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU\r\nFOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR\r\nCONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE\r\nLIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING\r\nRENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A\r\nFAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF\r\nSUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH\r\nDAMAGES.\r\n\r\n END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS\r\n\r\n How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries\r\n\r\n If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest\r\npossible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that\r\neveryone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting\r\nredistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the\r\nordinary General Public License).\r\n\r\n To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is\r\nsafest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively\r\nconvey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the\r\n\"copyright\" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.\r\n\r\n <one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.>\r\n Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>\r\n\r\n This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\r\n modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either\r\n version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.\r\n\r\n This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\r\n but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\r\n MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "disaster management" }, { "word": "decision support system" }, { "word": "serious gaming" }, { "word": "shared-vision planning" }, { "word": "watershed master plan" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-07-29T00:21:16+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-03T19:25:48+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-03T19:25:48+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/vcy5e", "authors": [ { "pk": 5678, "first_name": "Aarin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Teague", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 3903, "first_name": "Yusuf", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sermet", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 3764, "first_name": "Ibrahim", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Demir", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7409, "first_name": "Marian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Muste", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Engineering" }, { "name": "Environmental Education" }, { "name": "Environmental Engineering" }, { "name": "Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Hydrology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Sustainability" }, { "name": "Water Resource Management" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "manuscript .pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/54/download/99/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 55, "title": "Robust Q estimation using surface seismic data", "abstract": "Direct wave arrivals are the most robust signals to determine velocity and consequently they have been used for almost a century in hydrocarbon exploration. The reason is simple as the arrivaltime is explicitly available and provide a direct measurement of the average velocity of the sub-surface ray-path. These signals have not been extensively used to estimate attenuation or Q. One reason may be that very few robust methods have been developed to estimate Q from these signals. The common method to estimate Q using data acquired from VSP measurements is relying on spectral ratios. This method is in general quite reliable whenever there is a signal that has a reasonably broad spectral support. I will show how a variation on the spectral ratio method that provides equal results while more robust and how it can be adapted for surface seismic measurement.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public\r\nLicenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change\r\nfree software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.\r\n\r\n This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some\r\nspecially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the\r\nFree Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You\r\ncan use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether\r\nthis license or the ordinary General Public License is the better\r\nstrategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.\r\n\r\n When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,\r\nnot price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that\r\nyou have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge\r\nfor this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get\r\nit if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of\r\nit in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do\r\nthese things.\r\n\r\n To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid\r\ndistributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these\r\nrights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for\r\nyou if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.\r\n\r\n For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis\r\nor for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave\r\nyou. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source\r\ncode. If you link other code with the library, you must provide\r\ncomplete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them\r\nwith the library after making changes to the library and recompiling\r\nit. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.\r\n\r\n We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the\r\nlibrary, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal\r\npermission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.\r\n\r\n To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that\r\nthere is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is\r\nmodified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know\r\nthat what they have is not the original version, so that the original\r\nauthor's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be\r\nintroduced by others.\r\n\f\r\n Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of\r\nany free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot\r\neffectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a\r\nrestrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that\r\nany patent license obtained for a version of the library must be\r\nconsistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license.\r\n\r\n Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser\r\nGeneral Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and\r\nis quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use\r\nthis license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those\r\nlibraries into non-free programs.\r\n\r\n When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using\r\na shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a\r\ncombined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary\r\nGeneral Public License therefore permits such linking only if the\r\nentire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General\r\nPublic License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with\r\nthe library.\r\n\r\n We call this license the \"Lesser\" General Public License because it\r\ndoes Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General\r\nPublic License. It also provides other free software developers Less\r\nof an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages\r\nare the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many\r\nlibraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain\r\nspecial circumstances.\r\n\r\n For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to\r\nencourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes\r\na de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be\r\nallowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free\r\nlibrary does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this\r\ncase, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free\r\nsoftware only, so we use the Lesser General Public License.\r\n\r\n In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free\r\nprograms enables a greater number of people to use a large body of\r\nfree software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in\r\nnon-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU\r\noperating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating\r\nsystem.\r\n\r\n Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the\r\nusers' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is\r\nlinked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run\r\nthat program using a modified version of the Library.\r\n\r\n The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and\r\nmodification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a\r\n\"work based on the library\" and a \"work that uses the library\". The\r\nformer contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must\r\nbe combined with the library in order to run.\r\n\f\r\n GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION\r\n\r\n 0. This License Agreement applies to any software library or other\r\nprogram which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or\r\nother authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of\r\nthis Lesser General Public License (also called \"this License\").\r\nEach licensee is addressed as \"you\".\r\n\r\n A \"library\" means a collection of software functions and/or data\r\nprepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs\r\n(which use some of those functions and data) to form executables.\r\n\r\n The \"Library\", below, refers to any such software library or work\r\nwhich has been distributed under these terms. A \"work based on the\r\nLibrary\" means either the Library or any derivative work under\r\ncopyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a\r\nportion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated\r\nstraightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is\r\nincluded without limitation in the term \"modification\".)\r\n\r\n \"Source code\" for a work means the preferred form of the work for\r\nmaking modifications to it. For a library, complete source code means\r\nall the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated\r\ninterface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation\r\nand installation of the library.\r\n\r\n Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not\r\ncovered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of\r\nrunning a program using the Library is not restricted, and output from\r\nsuch a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based\r\non the Library (independent of the use of the Library in a tool for\r\nwriting it). Whether that is true depends on what the Library does\r\nand what the program that uses the Library does.\r\n\r\n 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's\r\ncomplete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that\r\nyou conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an\r\nappropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact\r\nall the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any\r\nwarranty; and distribute a copy of this License along with the\r\nLibrary.\r\n\r\n You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,\r\nand you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a\r\nfee.\r\n\f\r\n 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion\r\nof it, thus forming a work based on the Library, and copy and\r\ndistribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1\r\nabove, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:\r\n\r\n a) The modified work must itself be a software library.\r\n\r\n b) You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices\r\n stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.\r\n\r\n c) You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no\r\n charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.\r\n\r\n d) If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a\r\n table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses\r\n the facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility\r\n is invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that,\r\n in the event an application does not supply such function or\r\n table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of\r\n its purpose remains meaningful.\r\n\r\n (For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has\r\n a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the\r\n application. Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any\r\n application-supplied function or table used by this function must\r\n be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square\r\n root function must still compute square roots.)\r\n\r\nThese requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If\r\nidentifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library,\r\nand can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in\r\nthemselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those\r\nsections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you\r\ndistribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based\r\non the Library, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of\r\nthis License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the\r\nentire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote\r\nit.\r\n\r\nThus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest\r\nyour rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to\r\nexercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or\r\ncollective works based on the Library.\r\n\r\nIn addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library\r\nwith the Library (or with a work based on the Library) on a volume of\r\na storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under\r\nthe scope of this License.\r\n\r\n 3. You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public\r\nLicense instead of this License to a given copy of the Library. To do\r\nthis, you must alter all the notices that refer to this License, so\r\nthat they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License, version 2,\r\ninstead of to this License. (If a newer version than version 2 of the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License has appeared, then you can specify\r\nthat version instead if you wish.) Do not make any other change in\r\nthese notices.\r\n\f\r\n Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for\r\nthat copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all\r\nsubsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy.\r\n\r\n This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of\r\nthe Library into a program that is not a library.\r\n\r\n 4. You may copy and distribute the Library (or a portion or\r\nderivative of it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form\r\nunder the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany\r\nit with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which\r\nmust be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a\r\nmedium customarily used for software interchange.\r\n\r\n If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy\r\nfrom a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the\r\nsource code from the same place satisfies the requirement to\r\ndistribute the source code, even though third parties are not\r\ncompelled to copy the source along with the object code.\r\n\r\n 5. A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the\r\nLibrary, but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled or\r\nlinked with it, is called a \"work that uses the Library\". Such a\r\nwork, in isolation, is not a derivative work of the Library, and\r\ntherefore falls outside the scope of this License.\r\n\r\n However, linking a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library\r\ncreates an executable that is a derivative of the Library (because it\r\ncontains portions of the Library), rather than a \"work that uses the\r\nlibrary\". The executable is therefore covered by this License.\r\nSection 6 states terms for distribution of such executables.\r\n\r\n When a \"work that uses the Library\" uses material from a header file\r\nthat is part of the Library, the object code for the work may be a\r\nderivative work of the Library even though the source code is not.\r\nWhether this is true is especially significant if the work can be\r\nlinked without the Library, or if the work is itself a library. The\r\nthreshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law.\r\n\r\n If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data\r\nstructure layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline\r\nfunctions (ten lines or less in length), then the use of the object\r\nfile is unrestricted, regardless of whether it is legally a derivative\r\nwork. (Executables containing this object code plus portions of the\r\nLibrary will still fall under Section 6.)\r\n\r\n Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the Library, you may\r\ndistribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6.\r\nAny executables containing that work also fall under Section 6,\r\nwhether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself.\r\n\f\r\n 6. As an exception to the Sections above, you may also combine or\r\nlink a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library to produce a\r\nwork containing portions of the Library, and distribute that work\r\nunder terms of your choice, provided that the terms permit\r\nmodification of the work for the customer's own use and reverse\r\nengineering for debugging such modifications.\r\n\r\n You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the\r\nLibrary is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by\r\nthis License. You must supply a copy of this License. If the work\r\nduring execution displays copyright notices, you must include the\r\ncopyright notice for the Library among them, as well as a reference\r\ndirecting the user to the copy of this License. Also, you must do one\r\nof these things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the work with the complete corresponding\r\n machine-readable source code for the Library including whatever\r\n changes were used in the work (which must be distributed under\r\n Sections 1 and 2 above); and, if the work is an executable linked\r\n with the Library, with the complete machine-readable \"work that\r\n uses the Library\", as object code and/or source code, so that the\r\n user can modify the Library and then relink to produce a modified\r\n executable containing the modified Library. (It is understood\r\n that the user who changes the contents of definitions files in the\r\n Library will not necessarily be able to recompile the application\r\n to use the modified definitions.)\r\n\r\n b) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the\r\n Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (1) uses at run time a\r\n copy of the library already present on the user's computer system,\r\n rather than copying library functions into the executable, and (2)\r\n will operate properly with a modified version of the library, if\r\n the user installs one, as long as the modified version is\r\n interface-compatible with the version that the work was made with.\r\n\r\n c) Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at\r\n least three years, to give the same user the materials\r\n specified in Subsection 6a, above, for a charge no more\r\n than the cost of performing this distribution.\r\n\r\n d) If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy\r\n from a designated place, offer equivalent access to copy the above\r\n specified materials from the same place.\r\n\r\n e) Verify that the user has already received a copy of these\r\n materials or that you have already sent this user a copy.\r\n\r\n For an executable, the required form of the \"work that uses the\r\nLibrary\" must include any data and utility programs needed for\r\nreproducing the executable from it. However, as a special exception,\r\nthe materials to be distributed need not include anything that is\r\nnormally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major\r\ncomponents (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on\r\nwhich the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies\r\nthe executable.\r\n\r\n It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license\r\nrestrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally\r\naccompany the operating system. Such a contradiction means you cannot\r\nuse both them and the Library together in an executable that you\r\ndistribute.\r\n\f\r\n 7. You may place library facilities that are a work based on the\r\nLibrary side-by-side in a single library together with other library\r\nfacilities not covered by this License, and distribute such a combined\r\nlibrary, provided that the separate distribution of the work based on\r\nthe Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise\r\npermitted, and provided that you do these two things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work\r\n based on the Library, uncombined with any other library\r\n facilities. This must be distributed under the terms of the\r\n Sections above.\r\n\r\n b) Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact\r\n that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining\r\n where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.\r\n\r\n 8. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute\r\nthe Library except as expressly provided under this License. Any\r\nattempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or\r\ndistribute the Library is void, and will automatically terminate your\r\nrights under this License. However, parties who have received copies,\r\nor rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses\r\nterminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.\r\n\r\n 9. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not\r\nsigned it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or\r\ndistribute the Library or its derivative works. These actions are\r\nprohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by\r\nmodifying or distributing the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and\r\nall its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying\r\nthe Library or works based on it.\r\n\r\n 10. Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), the recipient automatically receives a license from the\r\noriginal licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the Library\r\nsubject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further\r\nrestrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.\r\nYou are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with\r\nthis License.\r\n\f\r\n 11. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent\r\ninfringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),\r\nconditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or\r\notherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not\r\nexcuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot\r\ndistribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this\r\nLicense and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you\r\nmay not distribute the Library at all. For example, if a patent\r\nlicense would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Library by\r\nall those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then\r\nthe only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to\r\nrefrain entirely from distribution of the Library.\r\n\r\nIf any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any\r\nparticular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply,\r\nand the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.\r\n\r\nIt is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any\r\npatents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any\r\nsuch claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the\r\nintegrity of the free software distribution system which is\r\nimplemented by public license practices. Many people have made\r\ngenerous contributions to the wide range of software distributed\r\nthrough that system in reliance on consistent application of that\r\nsystem; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing\r\nto distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot\r\nimpose that choice.\r\n\r\nThis section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to\r\nbe a consequence of the rest of this License.\r\n\r\n 12. If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in\r\ncertain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the\r\noriginal copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add\r\nan explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries,\r\nso that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus\r\nexcluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if\r\nwritten in the body of this License.\r\n\r\n 13. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new\r\nversions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time.\r\nSuch new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version,\r\nbut may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.\r\n\r\nEach version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library\r\nspecifies a version number of this License which applies to it and\r\n\"any later version\", you have the option of following the terms and\r\nconditions either of that version or of any later version published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation. If the Library does not specify a\r\nlicense version number, you may choose any version ever published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation.\r\n\f\r\n 14. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free\r\nprograms whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these,\r\nwrite to the author to ask for permission. For software which is\r\ncopyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free\r\nSoftware Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our\r\ndecision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status\r\nof all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing\r\nand reuse of software generally.\r\n\r\n NO WARRANTY\r\n\r\n 15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO\r\nWARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.\r\nEXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR\r\nOTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY \"AS IS\" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY\r\nKIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\r\nIMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR\r\nPURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE\r\nLIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME\r\nTHE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.\r\n\r\n 16. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN\r\nWRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY\r\nAND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU\r\nFOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR\r\nCONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE\r\nLIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING\r\nRENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A\r\nFAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF\r\nSUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH\r\nDAMAGES.\r\n\r\n END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS\r\n\r\n How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries\r\n\r\n If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest\r\npossible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that\r\neveryone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting\r\nredistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the\r\nordinary General Public License).\r\n\r\n To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is\r\nsafest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively\r\nconvey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the\r\n\"copyright\" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.\r\n\r\n <one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.>\r\n Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>\r\n\r\n This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\r\n modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either\r\n version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.\r\n\r\n This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\r\n but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\r\n MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "seismic Q inversion" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-07-28T18:37:33+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-07-30T15:52:03+02:00", "date_published": "2020-07-30T15:52:03+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/zpx2w", "authors": [ { "pk": 101, "first_name": "Joakim", "middle_name": "Oscar", "last_name": "Blanch", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Applied Mathematics" }, { "name": "Computational Engineering" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Engineering" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Numerical Analysis and Computation" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "EarthArXiv2020_Qest_preprint_v2.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/55/download/100/" }, { "original_filename": "EarthArXiv2020_Qest_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/55/download/101/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 62, "title": "Small-scale capillary heterogeneity linked to rapid plume migration during CO2 storage", "abstract": "Unpredicted, rapid plume elongation has been observed at subsurface CO2 storage projects worldwide, exemplified by the Sleipner project. We show that conventionally ignored centimetre-metre scale heterogeneity in capillary pressure characteristics can manifest as rapid field-scale, decametre-kilometre, plume migration. We analyse the effect in the Goldeneye Field, UK, a proposed storage site with a unique combination of sample/data accessibility and generality as an archetype sandstone reservoir. We overcome previous barriers by characterising in greater detail over larger scales - the 65m reservoir height at cm-m resolution - and through use of an upscaling scheme which resolves small-scale heterogeneity impacts in field-scale simulations. These models reveal that significant early time retardation of buoyantly rising CO2 plumes is followed by rapid migration under the caprock in the presence of anisotropic, layered heterogeneities. Lateral migration speeds can be enhanced by 200%, placing first order controls on fluid flow and providing a mechanistic explanation for field observations.", "license": { "name": "Academic Free License (AFL) 3.0", "short_name": "AFL 3.0", "text": "Academic Free License (\"AFL\") v. 3.0\r\nThis Academic Free License (the \"License\") applies to any original work of authorship (the \"Original Work\") whose owner (the \"Licensor\") has placed the following licensing notice adjacent to the copyright notice for the Original Work:\r\n\r\nLicensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0\r\n\r\n1) Grant of Copyright License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, for the duration of the copyright, to do the following:\r\n\r\na) to reproduce the Original Work in copies, either alone or as part of a collective work;\r\n\r\nb) to translate, adapt, alter, transform, modify, or arrange the Original Work, thereby creating derivative works (\"Derivative Works\") based upon the Original Work;\r\n\r\nc) to distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work and Derivative Works to the public, under any license of your choice that does not contradict the terms and conditions, including Licensor's reserved rights and remedies, in this Academic Free License;\r\n\r\nd) to perform the Original Work publicly; and\r\n\r\ne) to display the Original Work publicly.\r\n\r\n2) Grant of Patent License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, under patent claims owned or controlled by the Licensor that are embodied in the Original Work as furnished by the Licensor, for the duration of the patents, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, and import the Original Work and Derivative Works.\r\n\r\n3) Grant of Source Code License. The term \"Source Code\" means the preferred form of the Original Work for making modifications to it and all available documentation describing how to modify the Original Work. Licensor agrees to provide a machine-readable copy of the Source Code of the Original Work along with each copy of the Original Work that Licensor distributes. Licensor reserves the right to satisfy this obligation by placing a machine-readable copy of the Source Code in an information repository reasonably calculated to permit inexpensive and convenient access by You for as long as Licensor continues to distribute the Original Work.\r\n\r\n4) Exclusions From License Grant. Neither the names of Licensor, nor the names of any contributors to the Original Work, nor any of their trademarks or service marks, may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this Original Work without express prior permission of the Licensor. Except as expressly stated herein, nothing in this License grants any license to Licensor's trademarks, copyrights, patents, trade secrets or any other intellectual property. No patent license is granted to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, or import embodiments of any patent claims other than the licensed claims defined in Section 2. No license is granted to the trademarks of Licensor even if such marks are included in the Original Work. Nothing in this License shall be interpreted to prohibit Licensor from licensing under terms different from this License any Original Work that Licensor otherwise would have a right to license.\r\n\r\n5) External Deployment. The term \"External Deployment\" means the use, distribution, or communication of the Original Work or Derivative Works in any way such that the Original Work or Derivative Works may be used by anyone other than You, whether those works are distributed or communicated to those persons or made available as an application intended for use over a network. As an express condition for the grants of license hereunder, You must treat any External Deployment by You of the Original Work or a Derivative Work as a distribution under section 1(c).\r\n\r\n6) Attribution Rights. You must retain, in the Source Code of any Derivative Works that You create, all copyright, patent, or trademark notices from the Source Code of the Original Work, as well as any notices of licensing and any descriptive text identified therein as an \"Attribution Notice.\" You must cause the Source Code for any Derivative Works that You create to carry a prominent Attribution Notice reasonably calculated to inform recipients that You have modified the Original Work.\r\n\r\n7) Warranty of Provenance and Disclaimer of Warranty. Licensor warrants that the copyright in and to the Original Work and the patent rights granted herein by Licensor are owned by the Licensor or are sublicensed to You under the terms of this License with the permission of the contributor(s) of those copyrights and patent rights. Except as expressly stated in the immediately preceding sentence, the Original Work is provided under this License on an \"AS IS\" BASIS and WITHOUT WARRANTY, either express or implied, including, without limitation, the warranties of non-infringement, merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY OF THE ORIGINAL WORK IS WITH YOU. This DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY constitutes an essential part of this License. No license to the Original Work is granted by this License except under this disclaimer.\r\n\r\n8) Limitation of Liability. Under no circumstances and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, shall the Licensor be liable to anyone for any indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or the use of the Original Work including, without limitation, damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses. This limitation of liability shall not apply to the extent applicable law prohibits such limitation.\r\n\r\n9) Acceptance and Termination. If, at any time, You expressly assented to this License, that assent indicates your clear and irrevocable acceptance of this License and all of its terms and conditions. If You distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work or a Derivative Work, You must make a reasonable effort under the circumstances to obtain the express assent of recipients to the terms of this License. This License conditions your rights to undertake the activities listed in Section 1, including your right to create Derivative Works based upon the Original Work, and doing so without honoring these terms and conditions is prohibited by copyright law and international treaty. Nothing in this License is intended to affect copyright exceptions and limitations (including \"fair use\" or \"fair dealing\"). This License shall terminate immediately and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License upon your failure to honor the conditions in Section 1(c).\r\n\r\n10) Termination for Patent Action. This License shall terminate automatically and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License as of the date You commence an action, including a cross-claim or counterclaim, against Licensor or any licensee alleging that the Original Work infringes a patent. This termination provision shall not apply for an action alleging patent infringement by combinations of the Original Work with other software or hardware.\r\n\r\n11) Jurisdiction, Venue and Governing Law. Any action or suit relating to this License may be brought only in the courts of a jurisdiction wherein the Licensor resides or in which Licensor conducts its primary business, and under the laws of that jurisdiction excluding its conflict-of-law provisions. The application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is expressly excluded. Any use of the Original Work outside the scope of this License or after its termination shall be subject to the requirements and penalties of copyright or patent law in the appropriate jurisdiction. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n12) Attorneys' Fees. In any action to enforce the terms of this License or seeking damages relating thereto, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover its costs and expenses, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and costs incurred in connection with such action, including any appeal of such action. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n13) Miscellaneous. If any provision of this License is held to be unenforceable, such provision shall be reformed only to the extent necessary to make it enforceable.\r\n\r\n14) Definition of \"You\" in This License. \"You\" throughout this License, whether in upper or lower case, means an individual or a legal entity exercising rights under, and complying with all of the terms of, this License. For legal entities, \"You\" includes any entity that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with you. For purposes of this definition, \"control\" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.\r\n\r\n15) Right to Use. You may use the Original Work in all ways not otherwise restricted or conditioned by this License or by law, and Licensor promises not to interfere with or be responsible for such uses by You.\r\n\r\n16) Modification of This License. This License is Copyright © 2005 Lawrence Rosen. Permission is granted to copy, distribute, or communicate this License without modification. Nothing in this License permits You to modify this License as applied to the Original Work or to Derivative Works. However, You may modify the text of this License and copy, distribute or communicate your modified version (the \"Modified License\") and apply it to other original works of authorship subject to the following conditions: (i) You may not indicate in any way that your Modified License is the \"Academic Free License\" or \"AFL\" and you may not use those names in the name of your Modified License; (ii) You must replace the notice specified in the first paragraph above with the notice \"Licensed under <insert your license name here>\" or with a notice of your own that is not confusingly similar to the notice in this License; and (iii) You may not claim that your original works are open source software unless your Modified License has been approved by Open Source Initiative (OSI) and You comply with its license review and certification process.", "url": "http://opensource.org/licenses/AFL-3.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Capillary pressure" }, { "word": "CO2 storage" }, { "word": "heterogeneity" }, { "word": "mutiphase flow" }, { "word": "upscaling" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-07-23T07:02:55+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-07-24T07:05:49+02:00", "date_published": "2020-07-24T07:05:49+02:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL088616", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/jys47", "authors": [ { "pk": 9402, "first_name": "Samuel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jackson", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 2901, "first_name": "Sam", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Krevor", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Small_scale_capillary_heterogeneity_SJJ_SK_EA.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/62/download/109/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/kxt5n", "label": "Supplementary material" }, { "url": "https://www.bgs.ac.uk/ukccs/accessions/index.html#item133945", "label": "Public data" } ] }, { "pk": 56, "title": "Basement-Controlled Deformation of Sedimentary Sequences, Anadarko Shelf, Oklahoma", "abstract": "Structures rooted in the crystalline basement frequently control the deformation of the host bedrock and the overlying sedimentary sequences. Here, we elucidate the structure of the c. 2‐km deep Precambrian granitic basement in the Anadarko Shelf, Oklahoma, and how the propagation of basement faults deformed the sedimentary cover. Although the basin is foreland in origin, the gently dipping shelf sequences experienced transpressional deformation in the Late Palaeozoic. We analyse a 3‐D seismic reflection data set and basement penetrating well data in an area of 824 km2. We observe: (a) pervasive deformation of the basement by basement‐bounded interconnected mafic sills, and a system of subvertical discontinuity planes (interpreted as faults) of which some penetrate the overlying sedimentary cover; (b) three large (>10 km‐long) through‐going faults, with relatively small (<100 m) vertical separation (Vsep) of the deformed stratigraphic surfaces; (c) upward propagation of the large faults characterized by faulted‐blocks near the basement, and faulted‐monoclines in the deeper sedimentary units that transition into open monoclinal flexures up‐section; (d) cumulative along‐fault deformation of the stratigraphy exhibits systematic trends that varies with offset accrual; (e) two styles of Vsep-Depth distribution which include a unidirectional decrease of Vsep from the basement through the cover rocks (Style‐1) and a bidirectional decrease of Vsep from a deep sedimentary unit towards the basement and shallower sequences (Style‐2). We find that the basement‐driven propagation (Style‐1) shows greater efficiency of driving the fault deformation to shallower depths compared to the intrasedimentary‐driven fault nucleation and propagation (Style‐2). Our study demonstrates an evolution of cumulative Vsep trends with offset accrual on the faults, and the partial inheritance of the heterogeneous intra‐basement deformation by the sedimentary cover. This contribution provides important insight into the upward propagation of basement‐driven faulting associated with structural inheritance in contractional sedimentary basins.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Basement faults" }, { "word": "Fault propagation" }, { "word": "Igneous sills" }, { "word": "Intrabasement reflectors" }, { "word": "Strike-slip fault" }, { "word": "Structural inheritance" }, { "word": "Transpression" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-07-28T05:07:06+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-07-30T15:51:02+02:00", "date_published": "2020-07-30T15:51:02+02:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.12433", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/up497", "authors": [ { "pk": 3872, "first_name": "Folarin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kolawole", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0002-5695-2778" }, { "pk": 5690, "first_name": "Molly", "middle_name": "Simpson", "last_name": "Turko", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5985, "first_name": "Brett", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Carpenter", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Tectonics and Structure" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Kolawole et al2020_basement-controlled deformation_AnadarkoBasin.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/56/download/102/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 57, "title": "Crop residues are a key feedstock to bioeconomy but available methods for their estimation are highly uncertain", "abstract": "Crop residues are acknowledged as a key biomass resource to feed tomorrow’s sustainable bioeconomy. Yet, the quantification of these residues at large geographical scales is primarily reliant upon generic statistical estimations based on empirical functions linking the residues production to the primary crop yield. These useful yet unquestioned functions are developed either using direct evidence from experimental results or literature. In the present study, analytical evidence is presented to demonstrate that these methods generate imprecise and likely inaccurate estimates of the actual biophysical crop residue potential. In this endeavor, we applied five of the most used functions to a national case study. France was selected, being the country with the largest agricultural output in Europe. Our spatially-explicit assessment of crop residues production was performed with a spatial resolution corresponding to the level of an administrative department (96 departments in total), also the finest division of the European Union’s hierarchical system of nomenclature for territorial units (NUTS), and included 17 different crop residues. The theoretical potential of crop residues for the whole of France was found to vary from 987 PJ Y-1 to 1369 PJ Y-1, using different estimation functions. The difference observed is more than the entire annual electricity consumption of Belgium, Latvia, and Estonia combined. Perturbation analyses revealed that some of the functions are overly sensitive to a fluctuation in primary crop yield, while analytical techniques such as the null hypothesis statistical test indicated that the crop residues estimates stemming from all functions were all significantly different from one another.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "bioeconomy" }, { "word": "residue-to-product ratio" }, { "word": "Spatial quantification" }, { "word": "Straw" }, { "word": "Theoretical potential" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-07-27T23:51:52+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-07-29T17:36:49+02:00", "date_published": "2020-07-29T17:36:49+02:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105211", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/ds8v4", "authors": [ { "pk": 3438, "first_name": "Shivesh", "middle_name": "Kishore", "last_name": "Karan", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-0037-6759" }, { "pk": 9466, "first_name": "Lorie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hamelin", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Agriculture" }, { "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Engineering" }, { "name": "Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Life Sciences" }, { "name": "Natural Resource Economics" }, { "name": "Natural Resources and Conservation" }, { "name": "Other Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Other Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Sustainability" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Crop residues are a key feedstock to bioeconomy but available methods for their estimation are highly uncertain.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/57/download/103/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/me692", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 58, "title": "From XRF and hyperspectral analyses to an automatic way to detect flood events on sediment cores", "abstract": "Long-term changes in flood activity have often been reconstructed to understand their relationships to climate changes. This requires to identify flood layers according to certain characteristics (e.g. texture, geochemical composition, grain-size) and then to count them using naked-eye observation. This method is, however, time-consuming, and intrinsically characterized by a low resolution that may lead to bias and misidentifications. To overcome this limitation, high-resolution analytical approaches can be used, such as X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), X-ray computed tomography, or hyperspectral imaging (HSI). When coupled with discriminant algorithms, HSI allows to automatically identify event layers but HSI alone cannot be used for instance to interpret the triggering process of an event layers. Here, we propose a new method of flood layers identification and counting based on the combination of both HSI and XRF core scanner analyses, applied on a Lake Bourget (French Alps) sediment sequence. We use a hyperspectral sensor from the short wave-infrared (SWIR) spectral range to create a discrimination model between event layers and continuous sedimentation. This first step allows the estimation of a classification map, with a prediction accuracy of 0.96, and then the automatic reconstruction of a reliable chronicle of event layers (including occurrence and deposit thicknesses). XRF signals are then used to discriminate flood layers among all identified event layers based on site-specific geochemical elements (in the case of Lake Bourget: Mn and Ti). This results in an automatically generated floods chronicle. Changes in flood occurrence and event thickness through time reconstructed from the automatically generated floods chronicle are in good agreement with the naked-eye-generated chronicle. In detail, differences rely on a larger number of detected flood events (i.e. increase of 9% of the number of layers detected) and a more precise layer thickness estimation, thanks to a higher resolution. Therefore, the developed methodology opens a promising avenue to increase both the efficiency (timesaving) and robustness (higher accuracy) of paleoflood reconstructions from lake sediments. Also, this methodology can be applied to identify any specific layers (e.g. varve, tephra, mass-movement turbidite, tsunami) and, thereby, it has a direct implication in e.g. paleolimnology, paleoflood hydrology, paleoseismology from sediment archives.", "license": { "name": "Academic Free License (AFL) 3.0", "short_name": "AFL 3.0", "text": "Academic Free License (\"AFL\") v. 3.0\r\nThis Academic Free License (the \"License\") applies to any original work of authorship (the \"Original Work\") whose owner (the \"Licensor\") has placed the following licensing notice adjacent to the copyright notice for the Original Work:\r\n\r\nLicensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0\r\n\r\n1) Grant of Copyright License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, for the duration of the copyright, to do the following:\r\n\r\na) to reproduce the Original Work in copies, either alone or as part of a collective work;\r\n\r\nb) to translate, adapt, alter, transform, modify, or arrange the Original Work, thereby creating derivative works (\"Derivative Works\") based upon the Original Work;\r\n\r\nc) to distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work and Derivative Works to the public, under any license of your choice that does not contradict the terms and conditions, including Licensor's reserved rights and remedies, in this Academic Free License;\r\n\r\nd) to perform the Original Work publicly; and\r\n\r\ne) to display the Original Work publicly.\r\n\r\n2) Grant of Patent License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, under patent claims owned or controlled by the Licensor that are embodied in the Original Work as furnished by the Licensor, for the duration of the patents, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, and import the Original Work and Derivative Works.\r\n\r\n3) Grant of Source Code License. The term \"Source Code\" means the preferred form of the Original Work for making modifications to it and all available documentation describing how to modify the Original Work. Licensor agrees to provide a machine-readable copy of the Source Code of the Original Work along with each copy of the Original Work that Licensor distributes. Licensor reserves the right to satisfy this obligation by placing a machine-readable copy of the Source Code in an information repository reasonably calculated to permit inexpensive and convenient access by You for as long as Licensor continues to distribute the Original Work.\r\n\r\n4) Exclusions From License Grant. Neither the names of Licensor, nor the names of any contributors to the Original Work, nor any of their trademarks or service marks, may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this Original Work without express prior permission of the Licensor. Except as expressly stated herein, nothing in this License grants any license to Licensor's trademarks, copyrights, patents, trade secrets or any other intellectual property. No patent license is granted to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, or import embodiments of any patent claims other than the licensed claims defined in Section 2. No license is granted to the trademarks of Licensor even if such marks are included in the Original Work. Nothing in this License shall be interpreted to prohibit Licensor from licensing under terms different from this License any Original Work that Licensor otherwise would have a right to license.\r\n\r\n5) External Deployment. The term \"External Deployment\" means the use, distribution, or communication of the Original Work or Derivative Works in any way such that the Original Work or Derivative Works may be used by anyone other than You, whether those works are distributed or communicated to those persons or made available as an application intended for use over a network. As an express condition for the grants of license hereunder, You must treat any External Deployment by You of the Original Work or a Derivative Work as a distribution under section 1(c).\r\n\r\n6) Attribution Rights. You must retain, in the Source Code of any Derivative Works that You create, all copyright, patent, or trademark notices from the Source Code of the Original Work, as well as any notices of licensing and any descriptive text identified therein as an \"Attribution Notice.\" You must cause the Source Code for any Derivative Works that You create to carry a prominent Attribution Notice reasonably calculated to inform recipients that You have modified the Original Work.\r\n\r\n7) Warranty of Provenance and Disclaimer of Warranty. Licensor warrants that the copyright in and to the Original Work and the patent rights granted herein by Licensor are owned by the Licensor or are sublicensed to You under the terms of this License with the permission of the contributor(s) of those copyrights and patent rights. Except as expressly stated in the immediately preceding sentence, the Original Work is provided under this License on an \"AS IS\" BASIS and WITHOUT WARRANTY, either express or implied, including, without limitation, the warranties of non-infringement, merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY OF THE ORIGINAL WORK IS WITH YOU. This DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY constitutes an essential part of this License. No license to the Original Work is granted by this License except under this disclaimer.\r\n\r\n8) Limitation of Liability. Under no circumstances and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, shall the Licensor be liable to anyone for any indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or the use of the Original Work including, without limitation, damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses. This limitation of liability shall not apply to the extent applicable law prohibits such limitation.\r\n\r\n9) Acceptance and Termination. If, at any time, You expressly assented to this License, that assent indicates your clear and irrevocable acceptance of this License and all of its terms and conditions. If You distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work or a Derivative Work, You must make a reasonable effort under the circumstances to obtain the express assent of recipients to the terms of this License. This License conditions your rights to undertake the activities listed in Section 1, including your right to create Derivative Works based upon the Original Work, and doing so without honoring these terms and conditions is prohibited by copyright law and international treaty. Nothing in this License is intended to affect copyright exceptions and limitations (including \"fair use\" or \"fair dealing\"). This License shall terminate immediately and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License upon your failure to honor the conditions in Section 1(c).\r\n\r\n10) Termination for Patent Action. This License shall terminate automatically and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License as of the date You commence an action, including a cross-claim or counterclaim, against Licensor or any licensee alleging that the Original Work infringes a patent. This termination provision shall not apply for an action alleging patent infringement by combinations of the Original Work with other software or hardware.\r\n\r\n11) Jurisdiction, Venue and Governing Law. Any action or suit relating to this License may be brought only in the courts of a jurisdiction wherein the Licensor resides or in which Licensor conducts its primary business, and under the laws of that jurisdiction excluding its conflict-of-law provisions. The application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is expressly excluded. Any use of the Original Work outside the scope of this License or after its termination shall be subject to the requirements and penalties of copyright or patent law in the appropriate jurisdiction. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n12) Attorneys' Fees. In any action to enforce the terms of this License or seeking damages relating thereto, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover its costs and expenses, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and costs incurred in connection with such action, including any appeal of such action. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n13) Miscellaneous. If any provision of this License is held to be unenforceable, such provision shall be reformed only to the extent necessary to make it enforceable.\r\n\r\n14) Definition of \"You\" in This License. \"You\" throughout this License, whether in upper or lower case, means an individual or a legal entity exercising rights under, and complying with all of the terms of, this License. For legal entities, \"You\" includes any entity that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with you. For purposes of this definition, \"control\" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.\r\n\r\n15) Right to Use. You may use the Original Work in all ways not otherwise restricted or conditioned by this License or by law, and Licensor promises not to interfere with or be responsible for such uses by You.\r\n\r\n16) Modification of This License. This License is Copyright © 2005 Lawrence Rosen. Permission is granted to copy, distribute, or communicate this License without modification. Nothing in this License permits You to modify this License as applied to the Original Work or to Derivative Works. However, You may modify the text of this License and copy, distribute or communicate your modified version (the \"Modified License\") and apply it to other original works of authorship subject to the following conditions: (i) You may not indicate in any way that your Modified License is the \"Academic Free License\" or \"AFL\" and you may not use those names in the name of your Modified License; (ii) You must replace the notice specified in the first paragraph above with the notice \"Licensed under <insert your license name here>\" or with a notice of your own that is not confusingly similar to the notice in this License; and (iii) You may not claim that your original works are open source software unless your Modified License has been approved by Open Source Initiative (OSI) and You comply with its license review and certification process.", "url": "http://opensource.org/licenses/AFL-3.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Automatic flood chronicle" }, { "word": "hyperspectral analyses" }, { "word": "Lake sediment" }, { "word": "XRF geochemical analysis" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-07-27T19:27:59+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-07-29T17:31:48+02:00", "date_published": "2020-07-29T17:31:48+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/c2zar", "authors": [ { "pk": 105, "first_name": "Rapuc", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "William", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5019, "first_name": "Kévin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jacq", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-3991-2184" }, { "pk": 11558, "first_name": "Anne-Lise", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Develle", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 107, "first_name": "Pierre", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sabatier", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8230, "first_name": "Fanget", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bernard", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6985, "first_name": "Yves", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Perrette", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8722, "first_name": "Coquin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Didier", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10937, "first_name": "Debret", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Maxime", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11047, "first_name": "Wilhelm", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bruno", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9538, "first_name": "Fabien", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Arnaud", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Sedimentology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Rapuc_2020_SR_HSI-XRF_withfig.docx", "mime_type": "application/msword", "download_url": "/repository/object/58/download/104/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 59, "title": "Framework for consequential life cycle assessment of pyrolysis biorefineries: A case study for the conversion of primary forestry residues", "abstract": "The development of bioeconomy needs to accelerate in order to get rid of fossil fuels and products. The production of bio-based products and renewable energy sources from the thermochemical conversion of biomass can be a sustainable alternative. Pyrolysis is one of the thermochemical processes that can convert biomass into liquid (bio-oil), solid (biochar) and gaseous (non-condensable gases) products. Process operational parameters and biomass type must be selected appropriately to obtain the desired products yields and properties. Before deciding to apply the technology on a large scale, it is necessary to determine the environmental performance of the process. This can be done through the life cycle assessment (LCA) method. This study presents a consequential LCA framework to quantify the environmental performance of a pyrolysis biorefinery by including in the boundaries the current use of biomass and the marginal technologies that are expected to be replaced by pyrolysis co-products. Results obtained from this method are intended to provide answers to decision-makers towards investments in the low fossil carbon future. The proposed LCA framework was applied to a case study for the use of primary forestry residues (PFR). Results showed that as compared to the reference scenario in which PFR are left on soil to decay, pyrolysing PFR to biocrude oil, wood vinegar, biochar and gas presents trade-offs in six out of the 16 impact categories studied. These results highlighted that the biomass feedstock supply, the pyrolysis technology, the co-products yields, properties and uses, as well as the choice of marginal technologies have an influence on the environmental performance of pyrolysis biorefineries.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Biochar" }, { "word": "Biofungicide" }, { "word": "Bio-oil" }, { "word": "Consequential LCA" }, { "word": "Primary forestry residues" }, { "word": "Pyrolysis" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-07-24T16:35:16+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-07-26T21:25:53+02:00", "date_published": "2020-07-26T21:25:53+02:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110549", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/3qfc4", "authors": [ { "pk": 2474, "first_name": "Patrick", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Brassard", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5771, "first_name": "Stéphane", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Godbout", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9466, "first_name": "Lorie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hamelin", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Bioresource and Agricultural Engineering" }, { "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering" }, { "name": "Engineering" }, { "name": "Environmental Engineering" }, { "name": "Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment" }, { "name": "Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Sustainability" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Preprint_Brassard-Godbout-Hamelin-2020.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/59/download/105/" }, { "original_filename": "Preprint_Brassard-Godbout-Hamelin-2020.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/59/download/3919/" }, { "original_filename": "Preprint_Brassard-Godbout-Hamelin-RSER-2020.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/59/download/3920/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/4rpbd/files/", "label": "Supplementary File" } ] }, { "pk": 60, "title": "Explaining the dependence of M-site diffusion in forsterite on silica activity: a Density Functional Theory approach", "abstract": "Experimentally silica activity (aSiO2) has been shown to have an effect on Mg diffusion in forsterite but without any obvious mechanism. We calculated the effects of aSiO2 and aluminium content (the main contaminant in the experimental studies), and their co-effect, on Mg diffusion in forsterite, using thermodynamic minimisations of defect formation energies (calculated using Density Functional Theory (DFT)) and a Monte-Carlo diffusion model. These two variables, in isolation, do not appreciably change the defect concentrations of forsterite and thus do not affect the diffusivity of Mg. However, when elevated together, they cause large increases in the Mg vacancy content and thus can increase the Mg diffusivity by 1-6 orders of magnitude depending on temperature, with little pressure dependence. This effect is largely independent of Al2O3 concentration above ~1 wt. ppm, and thus, for all practical purposes, should occur wherever forsterite is in the presence of enstatite. It is also largely is dependent upon configurational entropy and is thus highly sensitive to the chemistry of the crystal. Small amounts of structurally bound hydroxyl groups at low temperatures (1000 K) suppresses this effect in perfect forsterite but it is likely robust in the presence of water when alternative water sinks (such as Ti or Fe) are present or at high temperatures (2000 K). This effect is also robust in the presence of ferrous iron (or other substitutional Mg defects) at all temperatures. Fe2O3 can operate like Al2O3 in this reaction and should enhance its effect. These findings explain the experimentally-observed dependency of diffusion of aSiO2, and elucidate how chemical activity variations in both experiments and natural settings could affect not only the diffusivity of Mg in forsterite, but of olivine-hosted cations in general.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public\r\nLicenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change\r\nfree software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.\r\n\r\n This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some\r\nspecially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the\r\nFree Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You\r\ncan use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether\r\nthis license or the ordinary General Public License is the better\r\nstrategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.\r\n\r\n When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,\r\nnot price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that\r\nyou have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge\r\nfor this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get\r\nit if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of\r\nit in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do\r\nthese things.\r\n\r\n To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid\r\ndistributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these\r\nrights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for\r\nyou if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.\r\n\r\n For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis\r\nor for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave\r\nyou. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source\r\ncode. If you link other code with the library, you must provide\r\ncomplete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them\r\nwith the library after making changes to the library and recompiling\r\nit. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.\r\n\r\n We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the\r\nlibrary, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal\r\npermission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.\r\n\r\n To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that\r\nthere is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is\r\nmodified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know\r\nthat what they have is not the original version, so that the original\r\nauthor's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be\r\nintroduced by others.\r\n\f\r\n Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of\r\nany free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot\r\neffectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a\r\nrestrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that\r\nany patent license obtained for a version of the library must be\r\nconsistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license.\r\n\r\n Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser\r\nGeneral Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and\r\nis quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use\r\nthis license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those\r\nlibraries into non-free programs.\r\n\r\n When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using\r\na shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a\r\ncombined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary\r\nGeneral Public License therefore permits such linking only if the\r\nentire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General\r\nPublic License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with\r\nthe library.\r\n\r\n We call this license the \"Lesser\" General Public License because it\r\ndoes Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General\r\nPublic License. It also provides other free software developers Less\r\nof an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages\r\nare the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many\r\nlibraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain\r\nspecial circumstances.\r\n\r\n For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to\r\nencourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes\r\na de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be\r\nallowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free\r\nlibrary does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this\r\ncase, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free\r\nsoftware only, so we use the Lesser General Public License.\r\n\r\n In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free\r\nprograms enables a greater number of people to use a large body of\r\nfree software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in\r\nnon-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU\r\noperating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating\r\nsystem.\r\n\r\n Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the\r\nusers' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is\r\nlinked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run\r\nthat program using a modified version of the Library.\r\n\r\n The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and\r\nmodification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a\r\n\"work based on the library\" and a \"work that uses the library\". The\r\nformer contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must\r\nbe combined with the library in order to run.\r\n\f\r\n GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION\r\n\r\n 0. This License Agreement applies to any software library or other\r\nprogram which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or\r\nother authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of\r\nthis Lesser General Public License (also called \"this License\").\r\nEach licensee is addressed as \"you\".\r\n\r\n A \"library\" means a collection of software functions and/or data\r\nprepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs\r\n(which use some of those functions and data) to form executables.\r\n\r\n The \"Library\", below, refers to any such software library or work\r\nwhich has been distributed under these terms. A \"work based on the\r\nLibrary\" means either the Library or any derivative work under\r\ncopyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a\r\nportion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated\r\nstraightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is\r\nincluded without limitation in the term \"modification\".)\r\n\r\n \"Source code\" for a work means the preferred form of the work for\r\nmaking modifications to it. For a library, complete source code means\r\nall the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated\r\ninterface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation\r\nand installation of the library.\r\n\r\n Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not\r\ncovered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of\r\nrunning a program using the Library is not restricted, and output from\r\nsuch a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based\r\non the Library (independent of the use of the Library in a tool for\r\nwriting it). Whether that is true depends on what the Library does\r\nand what the program that uses the Library does.\r\n\r\n 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's\r\ncomplete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that\r\nyou conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an\r\nappropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact\r\nall the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any\r\nwarranty; and distribute a copy of this License along with the\r\nLibrary.\r\n\r\n You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,\r\nand you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a\r\nfee.\r\n\f\r\n 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion\r\nof it, thus forming a work based on the Library, and copy and\r\ndistribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1\r\nabove, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:\r\n\r\n a) The modified work must itself be a software library.\r\n\r\n b) You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices\r\n stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.\r\n\r\n c) You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no\r\n charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.\r\n\r\n d) If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a\r\n table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses\r\n the facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility\r\n is invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that,\r\n in the event an application does not supply such function or\r\n table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of\r\n its purpose remains meaningful.\r\n\r\n (For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has\r\n a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the\r\n application. Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any\r\n application-supplied function or table used by this function must\r\n be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square\r\n root function must still compute square roots.)\r\n\r\nThese requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If\r\nidentifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library,\r\nand can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in\r\nthemselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those\r\nsections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you\r\ndistribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based\r\non the Library, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of\r\nthis License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the\r\nentire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote\r\nit.\r\n\r\nThus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest\r\nyour rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to\r\nexercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or\r\ncollective works based on the Library.\r\n\r\nIn addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library\r\nwith the Library (or with a work based on the Library) on a volume of\r\na storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under\r\nthe scope of this License.\r\n\r\n 3. You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public\r\nLicense instead of this License to a given copy of the Library. To do\r\nthis, you must alter all the notices that refer to this License, so\r\nthat they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License, version 2,\r\ninstead of to this License. (If a newer version than version 2 of the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License has appeared, then you can specify\r\nthat version instead if you wish.) Do not make any other change in\r\nthese notices.\r\n\f\r\n Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for\r\nthat copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all\r\nsubsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy.\r\n\r\n This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of\r\nthe Library into a program that is not a library.\r\n\r\n 4. You may copy and distribute the Library (or a portion or\r\nderivative of it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form\r\nunder the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany\r\nit with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which\r\nmust be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a\r\nmedium customarily used for software interchange.\r\n\r\n If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy\r\nfrom a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the\r\nsource code from the same place satisfies the requirement to\r\ndistribute the source code, even though third parties are not\r\ncompelled to copy the source along with the object code.\r\n\r\n 5. A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the\r\nLibrary, but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled or\r\nlinked with it, is called a \"work that uses the Library\". Such a\r\nwork, in isolation, is not a derivative work of the Library, and\r\ntherefore falls outside the scope of this License.\r\n\r\n However, linking a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library\r\ncreates an executable that is a derivative of the Library (because it\r\ncontains portions of the Library), rather than a \"work that uses the\r\nlibrary\". The executable is therefore covered by this License.\r\nSection 6 states terms for distribution of such executables.\r\n\r\n When a \"work that uses the Library\" uses material from a header file\r\nthat is part of the Library, the object code for the work may be a\r\nderivative work of the Library even though the source code is not.\r\nWhether this is true is especially significant if the work can be\r\nlinked without the Library, or if the work is itself a library. The\r\nthreshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law.\r\n\r\n If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data\r\nstructure layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline\r\nfunctions (ten lines or less in length), then the use of the object\r\nfile is unrestricted, regardless of whether it is legally a derivative\r\nwork. (Executables containing this object code plus portions of the\r\nLibrary will still fall under Section 6.)\r\n\r\n Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the Library, you may\r\ndistribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6.\r\nAny executables containing that work also fall under Section 6,\r\nwhether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself.\r\n\f\r\n 6. As an exception to the Sections above, you may also combine or\r\nlink a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library to produce a\r\nwork containing portions of the Library, and distribute that work\r\nunder terms of your choice, provided that the terms permit\r\nmodification of the work for the customer's own use and reverse\r\nengineering for debugging such modifications.\r\n\r\n You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the\r\nLibrary is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by\r\nthis License. You must supply a copy of this License. If the work\r\nduring execution displays copyright notices, you must include the\r\ncopyright notice for the Library among them, as well as a reference\r\ndirecting the user to the copy of this License. Also, you must do one\r\nof these things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the work with the complete corresponding\r\n machine-readable source code for the Library including whatever\r\n changes were used in the work (which must be distributed under\r\n Sections 1 and 2 above); and, if the work is an executable linked\r\n with the Library, with the complete machine-readable \"work that\r\n uses the Library\", as object code and/or source code, so that the\r\n user can modify the Library and then relink to produce a modified\r\n executable containing the modified Library. (It is understood\r\n that the user who changes the contents of definitions files in the\r\n Library will not necessarily be able to recompile the application\r\n to use the modified definitions.)\r\n\r\n b) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the\r\n Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (1) uses at run time a\r\n copy of the library already present on the user's computer system,\r\n rather than copying library functions into the executable, and (2)\r\n will operate properly with a modified version of the library, if\r\n the user installs one, as long as the modified version is\r\n interface-compatible with the version that the work was made with.\r\n\r\n c) Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at\r\n least three years, to give the same user the materials\r\n specified in Subsection 6a, above, for a charge no more\r\n than the cost of performing this distribution.\r\n\r\n d) If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy\r\n from a designated place, offer equivalent access to copy the above\r\n specified materials from the same place.\r\n\r\n e) Verify that the user has already received a copy of these\r\n materials or that you have already sent this user a copy.\r\n\r\n For an executable, the required form of the \"work that uses the\r\nLibrary\" must include any data and utility programs needed for\r\nreproducing the executable from it. However, as a special exception,\r\nthe materials to be distributed need not include anything that is\r\nnormally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major\r\ncomponents (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on\r\nwhich the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies\r\nthe executable.\r\n\r\n It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license\r\nrestrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally\r\naccompany the operating system. Such a contradiction means you cannot\r\nuse both them and the Library together in an executable that you\r\ndistribute.\r\n\f\r\n 7. You may place library facilities that are a work based on the\r\nLibrary side-by-side in a single library together with other library\r\nfacilities not covered by this License, and distribute such a combined\r\nlibrary, provided that the separate distribution of the work based on\r\nthe Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise\r\npermitted, and provided that you do these two things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work\r\n based on the Library, uncombined with any other library\r\n facilities. This must be distributed under the terms of the\r\n Sections above.\r\n\r\n b) Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact\r\n that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining\r\n where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.\r\n\r\n 8. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute\r\nthe Library except as expressly provided under this License. Any\r\nattempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or\r\ndistribute the Library is void, and will automatically terminate your\r\nrights under this License. However, parties who have received copies,\r\nor rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses\r\nterminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.\r\n\r\n 9. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not\r\nsigned it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or\r\ndistribute the Library or its derivative works. These actions are\r\nprohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by\r\nmodifying or distributing the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and\r\nall its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying\r\nthe Library or works based on it.\r\n\r\n 10. Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), the recipient automatically receives a license from the\r\noriginal licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the Library\r\nsubject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further\r\nrestrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.\r\nYou are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with\r\nthis License.\r\n\f\r\n 11. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent\r\ninfringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),\r\nconditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or\r\notherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not\r\nexcuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot\r\ndistribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this\r\nLicense and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you\r\nmay not distribute the Library at all. For example, if a patent\r\nlicense would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Library by\r\nall those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then\r\nthe only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to\r\nrefrain entirely from distribution of the Library.\r\n\r\nIf any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any\r\nparticular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply,\r\nand the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.\r\n\r\nIt is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any\r\npatents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any\r\nsuch claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the\r\nintegrity of the free software distribution system which is\r\nimplemented by public license practices. Many people have made\r\ngenerous contributions to the wide range of software distributed\r\nthrough that system in reliance on consistent application of that\r\nsystem; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing\r\nto distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot\r\nimpose that choice.\r\n\r\nThis section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to\r\nbe a consequence of the rest of this License.\r\n\r\n 12. If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in\r\ncertain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the\r\noriginal copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add\r\nan explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries,\r\nso that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus\r\nexcluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if\r\nwritten in the body of this License.\r\n\r\n 13. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new\r\nversions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time.\r\nSuch new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version,\r\nbut may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.\r\n\r\nEach version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library\r\nspecifies a version number of this License which applies to it and\r\n\"any later version\", you have the option of following the terms and\r\nconditions either of that version or of any later version published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation. If the Library does not specify a\r\nlicense version number, you may choose any version ever published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation.\r\n\f\r\n 14. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free\r\nprograms whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these,\r\nwrite to the author to ask for permission. For software which is\r\ncopyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free\r\nSoftware Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our\r\ndecision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status\r\nof all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing\r\nand reuse of software generally.\r\n\r\n NO WARRANTY\r\n\r\n 15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO\r\nWARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.\r\nEXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR\r\nOTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY \"AS IS\" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY\r\nKIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\r\nIMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR\r\nPURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE\r\nLIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME\r\nTHE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.\r\n\r\n 16. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN\r\nWRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY\r\nAND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU\r\nFOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR\r\nCONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE\r\nLIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING\r\nRENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A\r\nFAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF\r\nSUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH\r\nDAMAGES.\r\n\r\n END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS\r\n\r\n How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries\r\n\r\n If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest\r\npossible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that\r\neveryone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting\r\nredistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the\r\nordinary General Public License).\r\n\r\n To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is\r\nsafest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively\r\nconvey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the\r\n\"copyright\" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.\r\n\r\n <one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.>\r\n Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>\r\n\r\n This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\r\n modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either\r\n version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.\r\n\r\n This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\r\n but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\r\n MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "aluminium" }, { "word": "dft" }, { "word": "diffusion" }, { "word": "enstatite" }, { "word": "forsterite" }, { "word": "point defects" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-07-24T06:46:47+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-07-29T17:31:15+02:00", "date_published": "2020-07-29T17:31:15+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/5c3ek", "authors": [ { "pk": 1735, "first_name": "Joshua", "middle_name": "Martin Richard", "last_name": "Muir", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": "0000-0002-0879-4373" }, { "pk": 6886, "first_name": "Michael", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jollands", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6792, "first_name": "Zhang", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Feiwu", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 4288, "first_name": "Andrew", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Walker", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0003-3121-3255" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Mineral Physics" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "earthavix.docx", "mime_type": "application/msword", "download_url": "/repository/object/60/download/106/" }, { "original_filename": "AlMgsubmittracked.docx", "mime_type": "application/msword", "download_url": "/repository/object/60/download/107/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/c6yvz", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 154, "title": "Seasonal impact-based mapping of compound hazards", "abstract": "Impact-based, seasonal mapping of compound hazards is proposed. It is pragmatic, identifies phenomena to drive the research agenda, produces outputs relevant to stakeholders, and could be applied to many hazards globally. Illustratively, flooding and wind damage can co-occur, worsening their joint impact, yet where wet and windy seasons combine has not yet been systematically mapped. Here, seasonal proxies for wintertime flooding and wind damage are used to map, at 1x1° resolution, the association between these perils across Europe within 600 years as realized in SEAS5 hindcast data. Paired areas of enhanced-suppressed correlation are identified (Scotland, Norway), and are shown to be created by orographically-enhanced rainfall (or shelter) from prevailing westerly storms.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [], "date_submitted": "2020-06-15T21:50:54+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-06-17T13:44:15+02:00", "date_published": "2020-06-17T13:44:15+02:00", "doi": "http://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abbc3d", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/qfj5g", "authors": [ { "pk": 3607, "first_name": "John", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hillier", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6503, "first_name": "Richard", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Dixon", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Applied Mathematics" }, { "name": "Atmospheric Sciences" }, { "name": "Climate" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Hydrology" }, { "name": "Mathematics" }, { "name": "Multivariate Analysis" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Statistics and Probability" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "FLWS_v3_4.1_ERL_forXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/154/download/307/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/#!/home", "label": "Public data" } ] }, { "pk": 63, "title": "An imbalancing act: the dynamic response of the Kaskawulsh Glacier to a changing mass budget", "abstract": "The Kaskawulsh Glacier is an iconic outlet draining the icefields of the St. Elias Mountains in Yukon, Canada. We determine and attempt to interpret its catchment-wide mass budget since 2007. Using SPOT5/6/7 data we estimate a 2007-2018 geodetic balance of $-$0.46 $\\pm$ 0.17 m w.e. a$^{-1}$. By comparing computed balance fluxes with observed ice fluxes at nine flux gates we examine the discrepancy between the climatic mass balance and internal mass redistribution by glacier flow. Balance fluxes are computed using a fully distributed mass-balance model driven by downscaled and bias-corrected climate-reanalysis data. Observed fluxes are calculated using NASA ITS_LIVE surface velocities and glacier cross-sectional areas derived from ice-penetrating radar data. We find the glacier is still in the early stages of dynamic adjustment to its mass imbalance. We estimate a committed terminus retreat of $\\sim$23 km under the 2007-2018 climate and a lower bound of 46 km$^3$ of committed ice loss, equivalent to $\\sim$15\\% of the total glacier volume. By combining our observations and model output using the continuity equation, we highlight challenges and opportunities in exploring the mass budget of large land-terminating glaciers.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Balance velocities" }, { "word": "Canada" }, { "word": "Climate data downscaling" }, { "word": "Glacier mass balance" }, { "word": "Ground-penetrating radar" }, { "word": "Ice and climate" }, { "word": "Mass balance modelling" }, { "word": "Melt - surface" }, { "word": "Mountain glaciers" }, { "word": "St Elias Mountains" }, { "word": "Yukon" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-07-22T20:22:09+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-03T09:17:08+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-03T09:17:08+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/98zqu", "authors": [ { "pk": 118, "first_name": "Erik", "middle_name": "Matthew", "last_name": "Young", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 3692, "first_name": "Gwenn", "middle_name": "Elizabeth", "last_name": "Flowers", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7209, "first_name": "Etienne", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Berthier", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8421, "first_name": "Rebecca", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Latto", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Glaciology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Young_etal_JoG_submitted_16Jul2020.EarthArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/63/download/110/" }, { "original_filename": "Young_etal_JoG_submitted_16Jul2020.EarthArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/63/download/111/" }, { "original_filename": "Young_etal_JoG_submitted_16Jul2020.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/63/download/112/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 64, "title": "Comparison of U-Pb detrital zircon signatures across sediment routing system segments: insights from the late Pleistocene Mississippi River and Deep-sea fan", "abstract": "The Pleistocene Mississippi sediment routing system has experienced significant drainage reorganizations in response to Northern Hemisphere glaciation. Geologically recent (<25 ka) and large (~90 km) river avulsions have occurred in the Mississippi’s lower alluvial valley, yet whether these punctuated autogenic phenomena influenced down system records of sedimentary provenance is unknown. We present U–Pb detrital zircon (DZ) geochronology from near last glacial maximum (LGM; ~25 ka) and early deglacial (~14 ka) aged fluvial deposits of the Mississippi Valley, United States, integrated with published DZ samples from the Gulf of Mexico (Mississippi fan), to show a high similarity of DZs from late Pleistocene fluvial deposits and those from time correlative deep-marine deposits. These results imply the last glacial Mississippi River efficiently transferred DZs from river to deep-sea with little modification to the riverine DZ signature. Stratigraphically deeper DZ samples in the Mississippi fan contain distinct DZ age spectra, which likely represent the primary DZ signature of the Mississippi between isotope (MIS) stages 5 – 3. Mixture modeling of DZ samples recovered from late Pleistocene (MIS-2) deposits in the Western Lowlands and Eastern Lowlands of the Mississippi Valley suggests ~80% of the DZs in a LGM-to-deglacial Mississippi River were sourced from the glacial Missouri River, with lesser but appreciable contributions from the glacial Upper Mississippi River (13 – 20%). Only minute contributions of DZs are interpreted from the glacial Arkansas (1 – 5%) and Ohio Rivers (0 – 2%). Given the interpreted lack of Ohio river derived DZs in the Western Lowlands at ca. 25 ka, we suggest a glacial Ohio river did not join a combined Missouri-Mississippi River at the sampled location in the Western Lowlands at ~25, and may or may not have joined the Missouri-Mississippi in the Eastern Lowlands at ~15 ka. Our geochronological analyses included several grain size fractions for each sample location; a lack of Gondwanan-Appalachian aged DZs in one sub sample grain size fraction illustrates the need for mineral separation methods and U-Pb age measurement methods that include all available size fractions, or risks serious error in provenance interpretations.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public\r\nLicenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change\r\nfree software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.\r\n\r\n This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some\r\nspecially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the\r\nFree Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You\r\ncan use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether\r\nthis license or the ordinary General Public License is the better\r\nstrategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.\r\n\r\n When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,\r\nnot price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that\r\nyou have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge\r\nfor this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get\r\nit if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of\r\nit in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do\r\nthese things.\r\n\r\n To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid\r\ndistributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these\r\nrights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for\r\nyou if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.\r\n\r\n For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis\r\nor for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave\r\nyou. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source\r\ncode. If you link other code with the library, you must provide\r\ncomplete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them\r\nwith the library after making changes to the library and recompiling\r\nit. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.\r\n\r\n We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the\r\nlibrary, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal\r\npermission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.\r\n\r\n To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that\r\nthere is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is\r\nmodified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know\r\nthat what they have is not the original version, so that the original\r\nauthor's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be\r\nintroduced by others.\r\n\f\r\n Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of\r\nany free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot\r\neffectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a\r\nrestrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that\r\nany patent license obtained for a version of the library must be\r\nconsistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license.\r\n\r\n Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser\r\nGeneral Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and\r\nis quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use\r\nthis license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those\r\nlibraries into non-free programs.\r\n\r\n When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using\r\na shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a\r\ncombined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary\r\nGeneral Public License therefore permits such linking only if the\r\nentire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General\r\nPublic License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with\r\nthe library.\r\n\r\n We call this license the \"Lesser\" General Public License because it\r\ndoes Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General\r\nPublic License. It also provides other free software developers Less\r\nof an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages\r\nare the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many\r\nlibraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain\r\nspecial circumstances.\r\n\r\n For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to\r\nencourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes\r\na de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be\r\nallowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free\r\nlibrary does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this\r\ncase, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free\r\nsoftware only, so we use the Lesser General Public License.\r\n\r\n In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free\r\nprograms enables a greater number of people to use a large body of\r\nfree software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in\r\nnon-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU\r\noperating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating\r\nsystem.\r\n\r\n Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the\r\nusers' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is\r\nlinked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run\r\nthat program using a modified version of the Library.\r\n\r\n The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and\r\nmodification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a\r\n\"work based on the library\" and a \"work that uses the library\". The\r\nformer contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must\r\nbe combined with the library in order to run.\r\n\f\r\n GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION\r\n\r\n 0. This License Agreement applies to any software library or other\r\nprogram which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or\r\nother authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of\r\nthis Lesser General Public License (also called \"this License\").\r\nEach licensee is addressed as \"you\".\r\n\r\n A \"library\" means a collection of software functions and/or data\r\nprepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs\r\n(which use some of those functions and data) to form executables.\r\n\r\n The \"Library\", below, refers to any such software library or work\r\nwhich has been distributed under these terms. A \"work based on the\r\nLibrary\" means either the Library or any derivative work under\r\ncopyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a\r\nportion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated\r\nstraightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is\r\nincluded without limitation in the term \"modification\".)\r\n\r\n \"Source code\" for a work means the preferred form of the work for\r\nmaking modifications to it. For a library, complete source code means\r\nall the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated\r\ninterface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation\r\nand installation of the library.\r\n\r\n Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not\r\ncovered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of\r\nrunning a program using the Library is not restricted, and output from\r\nsuch a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based\r\non the Library (independent of the use of the Library in a tool for\r\nwriting it). Whether that is true depends on what the Library does\r\nand what the program that uses the Library does.\r\n\r\n 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's\r\ncomplete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that\r\nyou conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an\r\nappropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact\r\nall the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any\r\nwarranty; and distribute a copy of this License along with the\r\nLibrary.\r\n\r\n You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,\r\nand you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a\r\nfee.\r\n\f\r\n 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion\r\nof it, thus forming a work based on the Library, and copy and\r\ndistribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1\r\nabove, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:\r\n\r\n a) The modified work must itself be a software library.\r\n\r\n b) You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices\r\n stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.\r\n\r\n c) You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no\r\n charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.\r\n\r\n d) If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a\r\n table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses\r\n the facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility\r\n is invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that,\r\n in the event an application does not supply such function or\r\n table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of\r\n its purpose remains meaningful.\r\n\r\n (For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has\r\n a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the\r\n application. Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any\r\n application-supplied function or table used by this function must\r\n be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square\r\n root function must still compute square roots.)\r\n\r\nThese requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If\r\nidentifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library,\r\nand can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in\r\nthemselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those\r\nsections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you\r\ndistribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based\r\non the Library, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of\r\nthis License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the\r\nentire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote\r\nit.\r\n\r\nThus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest\r\nyour rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to\r\nexercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or\r\ncollective works based on the Library.\r\n\r\nIn addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library\r\nwith the Library (or with a work based on the Library) on a volume of\r\na storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under\r\nthe scope of this License.\r\n\r\n 3. You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public\r\nLicense instead of this License to a given copy of the Library. To do\r\nthis, you must alter all the notices that refer to this License, so\r\nthat they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License, version 2,\r\ninstead of to this License. (If a newer version than version 2 of the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License has appeared, then you can specify\r\nthat version instead if you wish.) Do not make any other change in\r\nthese notices.\r\n\f\r\n Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for\r\nthat copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all\r\nsubsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy.\r\n\r\n This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of\r\nthe Library into a program that is not a library.\r\n\r\n 4. You may copy and distribute the Library (or a portion or\r\nderivative of it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form\r\nunder the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany\r\nit with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which\r\nmust be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a\r\nmedium customarily used for software interchange.\r\n\r\n If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy\r\nfrom a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the\r\nsource code from the same place satisfies the requirement to\r\ndistribute the source code, even though third parties are not\r\ncompelled to copy the source along with the object code.\r\n\r\n 5. A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the\r\nLibrary, but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled or\r\nlinked with it, is called a \"work that uses the Library\". Such a\r\nwork, in isolation, is not a derivative work of the Library, and\r\ntherefore falls outside the scope of this License.\r\n\r\n However, linking a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library\r\ncreates an executable that is a derivative of the Library (because it\r\ncontains portions of the Library), rather than a \"work that uses the\r\nlibrary\". The executable is therefore covered by this License.\r\nSection 6 states terms for distribution of such executables.\r\n\r\n When a \"work that uses the Library\" uses material from a header file\r\nthat is part of the Library, the object code for the work may be a\r\nderivative work of the Library even though the source code is not.\r\nWhether this is true is especially significant if the work can be\r\nlinked without the Library, or if the work is itself a library. The\r\nthreshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law.\r\n\r\n If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data\r\nstructure layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline\r\nfunctions (ten lines or less in length), then the use of the object\r\nfile is unrestricted, regardless of whether it is legally a derivative\r\nwork. (Executables containing this object code plus portions of the\r\nLibrary will still fall under Section 6.)\r\n\r\n Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the Library, you may\r\ndistribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6.\r\nAny executables containing that work also fall under Section 6,\r\nwhether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself.\r\n\f\r\n 6. As an exception to the Sections above, you may also combine or\r\nlink a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library to produce a\r\nwork containing portions of the Library, and distribute that work\r\nunder terms of your choice, provided that the terms permit\r\nmodification of the work for the customer's own use and reverse\r\nengineering for debugging such modifications.\r\n\r\n You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the\r\nLibrary is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by\r\nthis License. You must supply a copy of this License. If the work\r\nduring execution displays copyright notices, you must include the\r\ncopyright notice for the Library among them, as well as a reference\r\ndirecting the user to the copy of this License. Also, you must do one\r\nof these things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the work with the complete corresponding\r\n machine-readable source code for the Library including whatever\r\n changes were used in the work (which must be distributed under\r\n Sections 1 and 2 above); and, if the work is an executable linked\r\n with the Library, with the complete machine-readable \"work that\r\n uses the Library\", as object code and/or source code, so that the\r\n user can modify the Library and then relink to produce a modified\r\n executable containing the modified Library. (It is understood\r\n that the user who changes the contents of definitions files in the\r\n Library will not necessarily be able to recompile the application\r\n to use the modified definitions.)\r\n\r\n b) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the\r\n Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (1) uses at run time a\r\n copy of the library already present on the user's computer system,\r\n rather than copying library functions into the executable, and (2)\r\n will operate properly with a modified version of the library, if\r\n the user installs one, as long as the modified version is\r\n interface-compatible with the version that the work was made with.\r\n\r\n c) Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at\r\n least three years, to give the same user the materials\r\n specified in Subsection 6a, above, for a charge no more\r\n than the cost of performing this distribution.\r\n\r\n d) If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy\r\n from a designated place, offer equivalent access to copy the above\r\n specified materials from the same place.\r\n\r\n e) Verify that the user has already received a copy of these\r\n materials or that you have already sent this user a copy.\r\n\r\n For an executable, the required form of the \"work that uses the\r\nLibrary\" must include any data and utility programs needed for\r\nreproducing the executable from it. However, as a special exception,\r\nthe materials to be distributed need not include anything that is\r\nnormally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major\r\ncomponents (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on\r\nwhich the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies\r\nthe executable.\r\n\r\n It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license\r\nrestrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally\r\naccompany the operating system. Such a contradiction means you cannot\r\nuse both them and the Library together in an executable that you\r\ndistribute.\r\n\f\r\n 7. You may place library facilities that are a work based on the\r\nLibrary side-by-side in a single library together with other library\r\nfacilities not covered by this License, and distribute such a combined\r\nlibrary, provided that the separate distribution of the work based on\r\nthe Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise\r\npermitted, and provided that you do these two things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work\r\n based on the Library, uncombined with any other library\r\n facilities. This must be distributed under the terms of the\r\n Sections above.\r\n\r\n b) Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact\r\n that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining\r\n where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.\r\n\r\n 8. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute\r\nthe Library except as expressly provided under this License. Any\r\nattempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or\r\ndistribute the Library is void, and will automatically terminate your\r\nrights under this License. However, parties who have received copies,\r\nor rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses\r\nterminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.\r\n\r\n 9. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not\r\nsigned it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or\r\ndistribute the Library or its derivative works. These actions are\r\nprohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by\r\nmodifying or distributing the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and\r\nall its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying\r\nthe Library or works based on it.\r\n\r\n 10. Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), the recipient automatically receives a license from the\r\noriginal licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the Library\r\nsubject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further\r\nrestrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.\r\nYou are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with\r\nthis License.\r\n\f\r\n 11. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent\r\ninfringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),\r\nconditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or\r\notherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not\r\nexcuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot\r\ndistribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this\r\nLicense and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you\r\nmay not distribute the Library at all. For example, if a patent\r\nlicense would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Library by\r\nall those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then\r\nthe only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to\r\nrefrain entirely from distribution of the Library.\r\n\r\nIf any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any\r\nparticular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply,\r\nand the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.\r\n\r\nIt is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any\r\npatents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any\r\nsuch claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the\r\nintegrity of the free software distribution system which is\r\nimplemented by public license practices. Many people have made\r\ngenerous contributions to the wide range of software distributed\r\nthrough that system in reliance on consistent application of that\r\nsystem; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing\r\nto distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot\r\nimpose that choice.\r\n\r\nThis section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to\r\nbe a consequence of the rest of this License.\r\n\r\n 12. If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in\r\ncertain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the\r\noriginal copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add\r\nan explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries,\r\nso that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus\r\nexcluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if\r\nwritten in the body of this License.\r\n\r\n 13. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new\r\nversions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time.\r\nSuch new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version,\r\nbut may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.\r\n\r\nEach version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library\r\nspecifies a version number of this License which applies to it and\r\n\"any later version\", you have the option of following the terms and\r\nconditions either of that version or of any later version published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation. If the Library does not specify a\r\nlicense version number, you may choose any version ever published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation.\r\n\f\r\n 14. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free\r\nprograms whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these,\r\nwrite to the author to ask for permission. For software which is\r\ncopyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free\r\nSoftware Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our\r\ndecision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status\r\nof all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing\r\nand reuse of software generally.\r\n\r\n NO WARRANTY\r\n\r\n 15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO\r\nWARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.\r\nEXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR\r\nOTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY \"AS IS\" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY\r\nKIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\r\nIMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR\r\nPURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE\r\nLIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME\r\nTHE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.\r\n\r\n 16. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN\r\nWRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY\r\nAND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU\r\nFOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR\r\nCONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE\r\nLIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING\r\nRENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A\r\nFAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF\r\nSUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH\r\nDAMAGES.\r\n\r\n END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS\r\n\r\n How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries\r\n\r\n If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest\r\npossible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that\r\neveryone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting\r\nredistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the\r\nordinary General Public License).\r\n\r\n To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is\r\nsafest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively\r\nconvey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the\r\n\"copyright\" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.\r\n\r\n <one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.>\r\n Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>\r\n\r\n This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\r\n modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either\r\n version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.\r\n\r\n This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\r\n but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\r\n MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [], "date_submitted": "2020-07-22T20:06:03+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-07-22T20:45:43+02:00", "date_published": "2020-07-22T20:45:43+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/h9tsu", "authors": [ { "pk": 120, "first_name": "Cody", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mason", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5895, "first_name": "Jourdan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Speessen", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 1661, "first_name": "Brian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Romans", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0002-3112-0326" }, { "pk": 7810, "first_name": "Daniel", "middle_name": "F.", "last_name": "Stockli", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9410, "first_name": "Michael", "middle_name": "D", "last_name": "Blum", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10139, "first_name": "Jack", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Heltzer", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10643, "first_name": "G.", "middle_name": "Paul", "last_name": "Miles", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 1558, "first_name": "Andrea", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Fildani", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Sedimentology" }, { "name": "Stratigraphy" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Mason et al-Missi DZs across system segments preprint v1.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/64/download/113/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 65, "title": "Observing traveling waves in glaciers with remote sensing: New flexible time series methods and application to Sermeq Kujalleq (Jakobshavn Isbræ), Greenland", "abstract": "The recent influx of remote sensing data provides new opportunities for quantifying spatiotemporal variations in glacier surface velocity and elevation fields. Here, we introduce a flexible time series reconstruction and decomposition technique for forming continuous, time-dependent surface velocity and elevation fields from discontinuous data and partitioning these time series into short- and long-term variations. The time series reconstruction consists of a sparsity-regularized least squares regression for modeling time series as a linear combination of generic basis functions of multiple temporal scales, allowing us to capture complex variations in the data using simple functions. We apply this method to the multitemporal evolution of Sermeq Kujalleq (Jakobshavn Isbrae), Greenland. Using 555 ice velocity maps generated by the Greenland Ice Mapping Project and covering the period 2009 -- 2019, we show that the amplification in seasonal velocity variations in 2012 -- 2016 was coincident with a longer-term speedup initiating in 2012. Similarly, the reduction in post-2017 seasonal velocity variations was coincident with a longer-term slowdown initiating around 2017. To understand how these perturbations propagate through the glacier, we introduce an approach for quantifying the spatially varying and frequency-dependent phase velocities and attenuation length scales of the resulting traveling waves. We hypothesize that these traveling waves are predominantly kinematic waves based on their long periods, coincident changes in surface velocity and elevation, and connection with variations in the terminus position. This ability to quantify wave propagation enables an entirely new framework for studying glacier dynamics using remote sensing data.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "remote sensing" }, { "word": "glacier dynamics" }, { "word": "time series analysis" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-07-21T16:41:27+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-07-22T07:51:11+02:00", "date_published": "2020-07-22T07:51:11+02:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-407-2021", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/vpmxz", "authors": [ { "pk": 3730, "first_name": "Bryan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Riel", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0003-1940-3910" }, { "pk": 3911, "first_name": "Brent", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Minchew", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7268, "first_name": "Ian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Joughin", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Glaciology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "JakobshavnCryosphere.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/65/download/114/" }, { "original_filename": "JakobshavnCryosphere.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/65/download/115/" }, { "original_filename": "tc-15-407-2021.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/65/download/4286/" }, { "original_filename": "jakobshavncryosphere_v2.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/65/download/4334/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://nsidc.org/data/measures/gimp", "label": "Public data" } ] }, { "pk": 66, "title": "Volcanic and Magmatic Studies Group Members Survey 2020", "abstract": "The Volcanic & Magmatic Studies Group (VMSG) is a joint Special Interest Group of the Geological Society of London and Mineralogical Society. In January 2020 we conducted an online questionnaire to establish if (and how) VMSG fulfils its mission to serve the volcanology, petrology and geochemistry community. \nThe survey was distributed via the VMSG mailing list, publicised at the VMSG annual meeting and shared over social media. Our aim was to learn about our community as it exists in 2020, and we welcomed candid views as to how we might modify VMSG activities to ensure we are a welcoming and inclusive organisation for all. The VMSG does not charge membership fees and keeps no records of individual member details. Therefore, this survey includes responses from those who self-identify as members of the VMSG community.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Diversity" }, { "word": "Equality" }, { "word": "Inclusion" }, { "word": "bursaries" }, { "word": "careers" }, { "word": "conferences" }, { "word": "demographics" }, { "word": "EDI" }, { "word": "environment" }, { "word": "fieldtrips" }, { "word": "survey" }, { "word": "vmsg" }, { "word": "volcanology" }, { "word": "workshops" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-07-21T13:38:06+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-07-24T07:08:14+02:00", "date_published": "2020-07-24T07:08:14+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/c8twm", "authors": [ { "pk": 6039, "first_name": "Sally", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gibson", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0002-4835-2908" }, { "pk": 1715, "first_name": "Janine", "middle_name": "Lynsey", "last_name": "Kavanagh", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Volcanology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "VMSG Survey 2020_compiled report_Final.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/66/download/116/" }, { "original_filename": "VMSG Members Survey 2020.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/66/download/117/" }, { "original_filename": "VMSG Members Survey 2020.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/66/download/118/" }, { "original_filename": "VMSG Annual Survey 2020.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/66/download/119/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 67, "title": "Changes in temperature and rainfall extremes across East Asia in the CMIP5 ensemble", "abstract": "We analyze annual extremes of daily maximum and minimum surface air temperature and of daily rainfall in East Asia and the Korean peninsula. This study made intensive use of the simulation data available from the CMIP5 (Coupled Model intercomparison Project Phase 5) multimodels in historical and future experiments up to year 2100, employing three different radiative forcings: RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 (representative concentration pathways). Several reanalysis datasets are used to compare and evaluate the simulated climate extremes in the late 20th century. We estimate the future changes in precipitation and temperature extremes in East Asia and\nKorea, and compare them to the global result, for the reference period 1986--2005. The rising rate of future cold extremes over East Asia and Korea is faster than that of warm extremes. This phenomenon appears more distinctly in Korea as a local scale, indicating more sensitivity of the Korean penisula to global warming. The increase of the 20-year return level of maximum precipitation in the CMIP5 over East Asia by the end of 21st century are about 7\\% in the RCP2.6, 15\\% in the RCP4.5, and 35\\% in the RCP8.5 experiments, which exceed the corresponding global values. We also estimate the changes in precipitation extremes across East Asia as a function of the annual mean temperature variation at the same location. The CMIP5 sensitivity in maximum precipitation across East Asia is 5.5$\\%/{^\\circ} \\rm C$, which is lower than the global figure 5.8$\\%/{^\\circ} \\rm C$). The sensitivity for the Korean peninsula is 7.38$\\%/{^\\circ}\\rm C$, indicating the strong impact of global warming to Korea. The results will\nbe important in mitigating the detrimental effects of variations of climatic extremes and in improving the regional strategy for water resource and eco-environmental management, particulaly for such areas in East Asia under significant changes in temperature and rainfall extremes.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public\r\nLicenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change\r\nfree software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.\r\n\r\n This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some\r\nspecially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the\r\nFree Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You\r\ncan use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether\r\nthis license or the ordinary General Public License is the better\r\nstrategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.\r\n\r\n When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,\r\nnot price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that\r\nyou have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge\r\nfor this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get\r\nit if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of\r\nit in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do\r\nthese things.\r\n\r\n To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid\r\ndistributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these\r\nrights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for\r\nyou if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.\r\n\r\n For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis\r\nor for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave\r\nyou. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source\r\ncode. If you link other code with the library, you must provide\r\ncomplete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them\r\nwith the library after making changes to the library and recompiling\r\nit. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.\r\n\r\n We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the\r\nlibrary, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal\r\npermission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.\r\n\r\n To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that\r\nthere is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is\r\nmodified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know\r\nthat what they have is not the original version, so that the original\r\nauthor's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be\r\nintroduced by others.\r\n\f\r\n Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of\r\nany free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot\r\neffectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a\r\nrestrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that\r\nany patent license obtained for a version of the library must be\r\nconsistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license.\r\n\r\n Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser\r\nGeneral Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and\r\nis quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use\r\nthis license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those\r\nlibraries into non-free programs.\r\n\r\n When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using\r\na shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a\r\ncombined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary\r\nGeneral Public License therefore permits such linking only if the\r\nentire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General\r\nPublic License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with\r\nthe library.\r\n\r\n We call this license the \"Lesser\" General Public License because it\r\ndoes Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General\r\nPublic License. It also provides other free software developers Less\r\nof an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages\r\nare the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many\r\nlibraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain\r\nspecial circumstances.\r\n\r\n For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to\r\nencourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes\r\na de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be\r\nallowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free\r\nlibrary does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this\r\ncase, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free\r\nsoftware only, so we use the Lesser General Public License.\r\n\r\n In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free\r\nprograms enables a greater number of people to use a large body of\r\nfree software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in\r\nnon-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU\r\noperating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating\r\nsystem.\r\n\r\n Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the\r\nusers' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is\r\nlinked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run\r\nthat program using a modified version of the Library.\r\n\r\n The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and\r\nmodification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a\r\n\"work based on the library\" and a \"work that uses the library\". The\r\nformer contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must\r\nbe combined with the library in order to run.\r\n\f\r\n GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION\r\n\r\n 0. This License Agreement applies to any software library or other\r\nprogram which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or\r\nother authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of\r\nthis Lesser General Public License (also called \"this License\").\r\nEach licensee is addressed as \"you\".\r\n\r\n A \"library\" means a collection of software functions and/or data\r\nprepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs\r\n(which use some of those functions and data) to form executables.\r\n\r\n The \"Library\", below, refers to any such software library or work\r\nwhich has been distributed under these terms. A \"work based on the\r\nLibrary\" means either the Library or any derivative work under\r\ncopyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a\r\nportion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated\r\nstraightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is\r\nincluded without limitation in the term \"modification\".)\r\n\r\n \"Source code\" for a work means the preferred form of the work for\r\nmaking modifications to it. For a library, complete source code means\r\nall the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated\r\ninterface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation\r\nand installation of the library.\r\n\r\n Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not\r\ncovered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of\r\nrunning a program using the Library is not restricted, and output from\r\nsuch a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based\r\non the Library (independent of the use of the Library in a tool for\r\nwriting it). Whether that is true depends on what the Library does\r\nand what the program that uses the Library does.\r\n\r\n 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's\r\ncomplete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that\r\nyou conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an\r\nappropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact\r\nall the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any\r\nwarranty; and distribute a copy of this License along with the\r\nLibrary.\r\n\r\n You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,\r\nand you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a\r\nfee.\r\n\f\r\n 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion\r\nof it, thus forming a work based on the Library, and copy and\r\ndistribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1\r\nabove, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:\r\n\r\n a) The modified work must itself be a software library.\r\n\r\n b) You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices\r\n stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.\r\n\r\n c) You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no\r\n charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.\r\n\r\n d) If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a\r\n table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses\r\n the facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility\r\n is invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that,\r\n in the event an application does not supply such function or\r\n table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of\r\n its purpose remains meaningful.\r\n\r\n (For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has\r\n a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the\r\n application. Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any\r\n application-supplied function or table used by this function must\r\n be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square\r\n root function must still compute square roots.)\r\n\r\nThese requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If\r\nidentifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library,\r\nand can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in\r\nthemselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those\r\nsections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you\r\ndistribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based\r\non the Library, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of\r\nthis License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the\r\nentire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote\r\nit.\r\n\r\nThus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest\r\nyour rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to\r\nexercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or\r\ncollective works based on the Library.\r\n\r\nIn addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library\r\nwith the Library (or with a work based on the Library) on a volume of\r\na storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under\r\nthe scope of this License.\r\n\r\n 3. You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public\r\nLicense instead of this License to a given copy of the Library. To do\r\nthis, you must alter all the notices that refer to this License, so\r\nthat they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License, version 2,\r\ninstead of to this License. (If a newer version than version 2 of the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License has appeared, then you can specify\r\nthat version instead if you wish.) Do not make any other change in\r\nthese notices.\r\n\f\r\n Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for\r\nthat copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all\r\nsubsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy.\r\n\r\n This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of\r\nthe Library into a program that is not a library.\r\n\r\n 4. You may copy and distribute the Library (or a portion or\r\nderivative of it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form\r\nunder the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany\r\nit with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which\r\nmust be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a\r\nmedium customarily used for software interchange.\r\n\r\n If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy\r\nfrom a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the\r\nsource code from the same place satisfies the requirement to\r\ndistribute the source code, even though third parties are not\r\ncompelled to copy the source along with the object code.\r\n\r\n 5. A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the\r\nLibrary, but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled or\r\nlinked with it, is called a \"work that uses the Library\". Such a\r\nwork, in isolation, is not a derivative work of the Library, and\r\ntherefore falls outside the scope of this License.\r\n\r\n However, linking a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library\r\ncreates an executable that is a derivative of the Library (because it\r\ncontains portions of the Library), rather than a \"work that uses the\r\nlibrary\". The executable is therefore covered by this License.\r\nSection 6 states terms for distribution of such executables.\r\n\r\n When a \"work that uses the Library\" uses material from a header file\r\nthat is part of the Library, the object code for the work may be a\r\nderivative work of the Library even though the source code is not.\r\nWhether this is true is especially significant if the work can be\r\nlinked without the Library, or if the work is itself a library. The\r\nthreshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law.\r\n\r\n If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data\r\nstructure layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline\r\nfunctions (ten lines or less in length), then the use of the object\r\nfile is unrestricted, regardless of whether it is legally a derivative\r\nwork. (Executables containing this object code plus portions of the\r\nLibrary will still fall under Section 6.)\r\n\r\n Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the Library, you may\r\ndistribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6.\r\nAny executables containing that work also fall under Section 6,\r\nwhether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself.\r\n\f\r\n 6. As an exception to the Sections above, you may also combine or\r\nlink a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library to produce a\r\nwork containing portions of the Library, and distribute that work\r\nunder terms of your choice, provided that the terms permit\r\nmodification of the work for the customer's own use and reverse\r\nengineering for debugging such modifications.\r\n\r\n You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the\r\nLibrary is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by\r\nthis License. You must supply a copy of this License. If the work\r\nduring execution displays copyright notices, you must include the\r\ncopyright notice for the Library among them, as well as a reference\r\ndirecting the user to the copy of this License. Also, you must do one\r\nof these things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the work with the complete corresponding\r\n machine-readable source code for the Library including whatever\r\n changes were used in the work (which must be distributed under\r\n Sections 1 and 2 above); and, if the work is an executable linked\r\n with the Library, with the complete machine-readable \"work that\r\n uses the Library\", as object code and/or source code, so that the\r\n user can modify the Library and then relink to produce a modified\r\n executable containing the modified Library. (It is understood\r\n that the user who changes the contents of definitions files in the\r\n Library will not necessarily be able to recompile the application\r\n to use the modified definitions.)\r\n\r\n b) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the\r\n Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (1) uses at run time a\r\n copy of the library already present on the user's computer system,\r\n rather than copying library functions into the executable, and (2)\r\n will operate properly with a modified version of the library, if\r\n the user installs one, as long as the modified version is\r\n interface-compatible with the version that the work was made with.\r\n\r\n c) Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at\r\n least three years, to give the same user the materials\r\n specified in Subsection 6a, above, for a charge no more\r\n than the cost of performing this distribution.\r\n\r\n d) If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy\r\n from a designated place, offer equivalent access to copy the above\r\n specified materials from the same place.\r\n\r\n e) Verify that the user has already received a copy of these\r\n materials or that you have already sent this user a copy.\r\n\r\n For an executable, the required form of the \"work that uses the\r\nLibrary\" must include any data and utility programs needed for\r\nreproducing the executable from it. However, as a special exception,\r\nthe materials to be distributed need not include anything that is\r\nnormally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major\r\ncomponents (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on\r\nwhich the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies\r\nthe executable.\r\n\r\n It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license\r\nrestrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally\r\naccompany the operating system. Such a contradiction means you cannot\r\nuse both them and the Library together in an executable that you\r\ndistribute.\r\n\f\r\n 7. You may place library facilities that are a work based on the\r\nLibrary side-by-side in a single library together with other library\r\nfacilities not covered by this License, and distribute such a combined\r\nlibrary, provided that the separate distribution of the work based on\r\nthe Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise\r\npermitted, and provided that you do these two things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work\r\n based on the Library, uncombined with any other library\r\n facilities. This must be distributed under the terms of the\r\n Sections above.\r\n\r\n b) Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact\r\n that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining\r\n where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.\r\n\r\n 8. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute\r\nthe Library except as expressly provided under this License. Any\r\nattempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or\r\ndistribute the Library is void, and will automatically terminate your\r\nrights under this License. However, parties who have received copies,\r\nor rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses\r\nterminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.\r\n\r\n 9. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not\r\nsigned it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or\r\ndistribute the Library or its derivative works. These actions are\r\nprohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by\r\nmodifying or distributing the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and\r\nall its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying\r\nthe Library or works based on it.\r\n\r\n 10. Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), the recipient automatically receives a license from the\r\noriginal licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the Library\r\nsubject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further\r\nrestrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.\r\nYou are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with\r\nthis License.\r\n\f\r\n 11. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent\r\ninfringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),\r\nconditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or\r\notherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not\r\nexcuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot\r\ndistribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this\r\nLicense and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you\r\nmay not distribute the Library at all. For example, if a patent\r\nlicense would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Library by\r\nall those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then\r\nthe only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to\r\nrefrain entirely from distribution of the Library.\r\n\r\nIf any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any\r\nparticular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply,\r\nand the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.\r\n\r\nIt is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any\r\npatents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any\r\nsuch claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the\r\nintegrity of the free software distribution system which is\r\nimplemented by public license practices. Many people have made\r\ngenerous contributions to the wide range of software distributed\r\nthrough that system in reliance on consistent application of that\r\nsystem; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing\r\nto distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot\r\nimpose that choice.\r\n\r\nThis section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to\r\nbe a consequence of the rest of this License.\r\n\r\n 12. If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in\r\ncertain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the\r\noriginal copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add\r\nan explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries,\r\nso that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus\r\nexcluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if\r\nwritten in the body of this License.\r\n\r\n 13. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new\r\nversions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time.\r\nSuch new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version,\r\nbut may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.\r\n\r\nEach version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library\r\nspecifies a version number of this License which applies to it and\r\n\"any later version\", you have the option of following the terms and\r\nconditions either of that version or of any later version published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation. If the Library does not specify a\r\nlicense version number, you may choose any version ever published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation.\r\n\f\r\n 14. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free\r\nprograms whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these,\r\nwrite to the author to ask for permission. For software which is\r\ncopyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free\r\nSoftware Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our\r\ndecision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status\r\nof all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing\r\nand reuse of software generally.\r\n\r\n NO WARRANTY\r\n\r\n 15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO\r\nWARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.\r\nEXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR\r\nOTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY \"AS IS\" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY\r\nKIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\r\nIMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR\r\nPURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE\r\nLIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME\r\nTHE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.\r\n\r\n 16. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN\r\nWRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY\r\nAND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU\r\nFOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR\r\nCONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE\r\nLIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING\r\nRENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A\r\nFAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF\r\nSUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH\r\nDAMAGES.\r\n\r\n END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS\r\n\r\n How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries\r\n\r\n If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest\r\npossible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that\r\neveryone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting\r\nredistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the\r\nordinary General Public License).\r\n\r\n To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is\r\nsafest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively\r\nconvey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the\r\n\"copyright\" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.\r\n\r\n <one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.>\r\n Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>\r\n\r\n This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\r\n modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either\r\n version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.\r\n\r\n This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\r\n but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\r\n MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Annual extremes of temperature" }, { "word": "Annual maximum daily precipitation" }, { "word": "Generalized extreme value distribution" }, { "word": "multimodel ensemble" }, { "word": "Multimodel median" }, { "word": "Relative change" }, { "word": "Taylor diagram" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-07-21T09:21:10+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-07-22T08:10:43+02:00", "date_published": "2020-07-22T08:10:43+02:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-020-03180-w", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/7gxph", "authors": [ { "pk": 126, "first_name": "jeong-soo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "park", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5972, "first_name": "Youngsaeng", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lee", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7289, "first_name": "Jayeong", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Paek", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Climate" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "TAC-final_EarthArXive.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/67/download/120/" }, { "original_filename": "TAC_SM_eartharxiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/67/download/121/" }, { "original_filename": "TAC-final_EarthArXive.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/67/download/122/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 171, "title": "Ancient siderites reveal hot and humid super-greenhouse climate", "abstract": "Ancient siderites reveal hot and humid super-greenhouse climate", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "climate" }, { "word": "clumped isotopes" }, { "word": "eocene" }, { "word": "hydrological cycle" }, { "word": "paleocene" }, { "word": "siderite" }, { "word": "oxygen isotopes" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-06-06T13:01:50+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-06-19T17:00:51+02:00", "date_published": "2020-06-19T17:00:51+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/zaj4g", "authors": [ { "pk": 271, "first_name": "Joep", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "van Dijk", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 272, "first_name": "Alvaro", "middle_name": "Bremer", "last_name": "Fernandez", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8091, "first_name": "Stefano", "middle_name": "M", "last_name": "Bernasconi", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7239, "first_name": "Jeremy", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Caves-Rugenstein", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9948, "first_name": "Simon", "middle_name": "R", "last_name": "Passey", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10504, "first_name": "Tim", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "White", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geochemistry" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Manuscript_final.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/171/download/343/" }, { "original_filename": "manuscript.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/171/download/344/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/nv2kr", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 68, "title": "Visualizing the daily evolution and extent of snow drought", "abstract": "Snow droughts are commonly defined as below average snowpack at a point in time, typically 1 April in the western United States. This definition is valuable for interpreting the state of the snowpack for resource management but obscures the temporal evolution of snow drought. Borrowing from dynamical systems theory, we applied phase diagrams to visually examine the evolution of snowpack conditions in maritime, intermountain, and continental snow climates in the western United States using station observations as well as spatially distributed estimates of snow water equivalent (SWE) and precipitation. Phase diagrams of observed SWE and precipitation percentiles highlighted snow drought onset, evolution, and termination timing at daily timescales using a percentile-based drought definition. A web tool for this visualization approach is presented that allows users to create real-time or historic phase diagrams. The goal of this tool is to facilitate the communication of snow drought conditions to broader audiences, especially in years characterized by notable hydroclimate variability and/or extreme events. Spatially distributed estimates of daily precipitation and SWE highlighted regional and elevation-dependent variability in snow drought type and extent. When combined with additional data such as streamflow, phase diagrams and spatial estimates of snow drought conditions can inform drought monitoring and early warning as well as to help link snow drought type and evolution to observed impacts on ecosystems, water resources, and recreation.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "drought" }, { "word": "extremes" }, { "word": "hydroclimate" }, { "word": "seasonal snow" }, { "word": "snow" }, { "word": "water resources" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-07-21T05:50:11+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-07-22T08:11:31+02:00", "date_published": "2020-07-22T08:11:31+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/y2m9u", "authors": [ { "pk": 4158, "first_name": "Benjamin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hatchett", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0003-1066-3601" }, { "pk": 5992, "first_name": "Daniel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "McEvoy", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Hydrology" }, { "name": "Natural Resources Management and Policy" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Hatchett&McEvoy_sdpd_submit.docx", "mime_type": "application/msword", "download_url": "/repository/object/68/download/123/" }, { "original_filename": "Snowdrought_viz_submitted.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/68/download/4603/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 69, "title": "Energetic Rupture and Tsunamigenesis during the 2020 Mw 7.4 La Crucecita, Mexico Earthquake", "abstract": "The La Crucecita earthquake ruptured on the megathrust generating strong shaking and a modest, long-lived tsunami. This is a significant earthquake that illuminates important aspects of the behavior of the megathrust as well as the potential related hazards. The rupture is contained within 15-30km depth, ground motions are elevated and the energy to moment ratio is high. We argue that it represents a deep megathrust earthquake, the 30km depth is the down dip-edge of slip. The inversion is well constrained ruling out any shallow slip. It is the narrow seismogenic width and the configuration of the coastline that allow for deformation to occur offshore. The deep asperity is solely responsible for tsunamigenesis. There is significant uplift at the coast above it which leads to negative maximum tsunami amplitudes. Finally, tide gauge recordings show edge wave modes were excited and produce larger amplitudes and durations in the Gulf of Tehuantepec.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public\r\nLicenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change\r\nfree software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.\r\n\r\n This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some\r\nspecially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the\r\nFree Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You\r\ncan use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether\r\nthis license or the ordinary General Public License is the better\r\nstrategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.\r\n\r\n When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,\r\nnot price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that\r\nyou have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge\r\nfor this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get\r\nit if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of\r\nit in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do\r\nthese things.\r\n\r\n To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid\r\ndistributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these\r\nrights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for\r\nyou if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.\r\n\r\n For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis\r\nor for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave\r\nyou. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source\r\ncode. If you link other code with the library, you must provide\r\ncomplete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them\r\nwith the library after making changes to the library and recompiling\r\nit. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.\r\n\r\n We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the\r\nlibrary, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal\r\npermission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.\r\n\r\n To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that\r\nthere is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is\r\nmodified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know\r\nthat what they have is not the original version, so that the original\r\nauthor's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be\r\nintroduced by others.\r\n\f\r\n Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of\r\nany free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot\r\neffectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a\r\nrestrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that\r\nany patent license obtained for a version of the library must be\r\nconsistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license.\r\n\r\n Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser\r\nGeneral Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and\r\nis quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use\r\nthis license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those\r\nlibraries into non-free programs.\r\n\r\n When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using\r\na shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a\r\ncombined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary\r\nGeneral Public License therefore permits such linking only if the\r\nentire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General\r\nPublic License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with\r\nthe library.\r\n\r\n We call this license the \"Lesser\" General Public License because it\r\ndoes Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General\r\nPublic License. It also provides other free software developers Less\r\nof an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages\r\nare the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many\r\nlibraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain\r\nspecial circumstances.\r\n\r\n For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to\r\nencourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes\r\na de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be\r\nallowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free\r\nlibrary does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this\r\ncase, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free\r\nsoftware only, so we use the Lesser General Public License.\r\n\r\n In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free\r\nprograms enables a greater number of people to use a large body of\r\nfree software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in\r\nnon-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU\r\noperating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating\r\nsystem.\r\n\r\n Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the\r\nusers' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is\r\nlinked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run\r\nthat program using a modified version of the Library.\r\n\r\n The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and\r\nmodification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a\r\n\"work based on the library\" and a \"work that uses the library\". The\r\nformer contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must\r\nbe combined with the library in order to run.\r\n\f\r\n GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION\r\n\r\n 0. This License Agreement applies to any software library or other\r\nprogram which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or\r\nother authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of\r\nthis Lesser General Public License (also called \"this License\").\r\nEach licensee is addressed as \"you\".\r\n\r\n A \"library\" means a collection of software functions and/or data\r\nprepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs\r\n(which use some of those functions and data) to form executables.\r\n\r\n The \"Library\", below, refers to any such software library or work\r\nwhich has been distributed under these terms. A \"work based on the\r\nLibrary\" means either the Library or any derivative work under\r\ncopyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a\r\nportion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated\r\nstraightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is\r\nincluded without limitation in the term \"modification\".)\r\n\r\n \"Source code\" for a work means the preferred form of the work for\r\nmaking modifications to it. For a library, complete source code means\r\nall the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated\r\ninterface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation\r\nand installation of the library.\r\n\r\n Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not\r\ncovered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of\r\nrunning a program using the Library is not restricted, and output from\r\nsuch a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based\r\non the Library (independent of the use of the Library in a tool for\r\nwriting it). Whether that is true depends on what the Library does\r\nand what the program that uses the Library does.\r\n\r\n 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's\r\ncomplete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that\r\nyou conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an\r\nappropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact\r\nall the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any\r\nwarranty; and distribute a copy of this License along with the\r\nLibrary.\r\n\r\n You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,\r\nand you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a\r\nfee.\r\n\f\r\n 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion\r\nof it, thus forming a work based on the Library, and copy and\r\ndistribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1\r\nabove, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:\r\n\r\n a) The modified work must itself be a software library.\r\n\r\n b) You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices\r\n stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.\r\n\r\n c) You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no\r\n charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.\r\n\r\n d) If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a\r\n table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses\r\n the facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility\r\n is invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that,\r\n in the event an application does not supply such function or\r\n table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of\r\n its purpose remains meaningful.\r\n\r\n (For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has\r\n a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the\r\n application. Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any\r\n application-supplied function or table used by this function must\r\n be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square\r\n root function must still compute square roots.)\r\n\r\nThese requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If\r\nidentifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library,\r\nand can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in\r\nthemselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those\r\nsections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you\r\ndistribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based\r\non the Library, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of\r\nthis License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the\r\nentire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote\r\nit.\r\n\r\nThus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest\r\nyour rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to\r\nexercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or\r\ncollective works based on the Library.\r\n\r\nIn addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library\r\nwith the Library (or with a work based on the Library) on a volume of\r\na storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under\r\nthe scope of this License.\r\n\r\n 3. You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public\r\nLicense instead of this License to a given copy of the Library. To do\r\nthis, you must alter all the notices that refer to this License, so\r\nthat they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License, version 2,\r\ninstead of to this License. (If a newer version than version 2 of the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License has appeared, then you can specify\r\nthat version instead if you wish.) Do not make any other change in\r\nthese notices.\r\n\f\r\n Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for\r\nthat copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all\r\nsubsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy.\r\n\r\n This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of\r\nthe Library into a program that is not a library.\r\n\r\n 4. You may copy and distribute the Library (or a portion or\r\nderivative of it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form\r\nunder the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany\r\nit with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which\r\nmust be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a\r\nmedium customarily used for software interchange.\r\n\r\n If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy\r\nfrom a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the\r\nsource code from the same place satisfies the requirement to\r\ndistribute the source code, even though third parties are not\r\ncompelled to copy the source along with the object code.\r\n\r\n 5. A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the\r\nLibrary, but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled or\r\nlinked with it, is called a \"work that uses the Library\". Such a\r\nwork, in isolation, is not a derivative work of the Library, and\r\ntherefore falls outside the scope of this License.\r\n\r\n However, linking a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library\r\ncreates an executable that is a derivative of the Library (because it\r\ncontains portions of the Library), rather than a \"work that uses the\r\nlibrary\". The executable is therefore covered by this License.\r\nSection 6 states terms for distribution of such executables.\r\n\r\n When a \"work that uses the Library\" uses material from a header file\r\nthat is part of the Library, the object code for the work may be a\r\nderivative work of the Library even though the source code is not.\r\nWhether this is true is especially significant if the work can be\r\nlinked without the Library, or if the work is itself a library. The\r\nthreshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law.\r\n\r\n If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data\r\nstructure layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline\r\nfunctions (ten lines or less in length), then the use of the object\r\nfile is unrestricted, regardless of whether it is legally a derivative\r\nwork. (Executables containing this object code plus portions of the\r\nLibrary will still fall under Section 6.)\r\n\r\n Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the Library, you may\r\ndistribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6.\r\nAny executables containing that work also fall under Section 6,\r\nwhether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself.\r\n\f\r\n 6. As an exception to the Sections above, you may also combine or\r\nlink a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library to produce a\r\nwork containing portions of the Library, and distribute that work\r\nunder terms of your choice, provided that the terms permit\r\nmodification of the work for the customer's own use and reverse\r\nengineering for debugging such modifications.\r\n\r\n You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the\r\nLibrary is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by\r\nthis License. You must supply a copy of this License. If the work\r\nduring execution displays copyright notices, you must include the\r\ncopyright notice for the Library among them, as well as a reference\r\ndirecting the user to the copy of this License. Also, you must do one\r\nof these things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the work with the complete corresponding\r\n machine-readable source code for the Library including whatever\r\n changes were used in the work (which must be distributed under\r\n Sections 1 and 2 above); and, if the work is an executable linked\r\n with the Library, with the complete machine-readable \"work that\r\n uses the Library\", as object code and/or source code, so that the\r\n user can modify the Library and then relink to produce a modified\r\n executable containing the modified Library. (It is understood\r\n that the user who changes the contents of definitions files in the\r\n Library will not necessarily be able to recompile the application\r\n to use the modified definitions.)\r\n\r\n b) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the\r\n Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (1) uses at run time a\r\n copy of the library already present on the user's computer system,\r\n rather than copying library functions into the executable, and (2)\r\n will operate properly with a modified version of the library, if\r\n the user installs one, as long as the modified version is\r\n interface-compatible with the version that the work was made with.\r\n\r\n c) Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at\r\n least three years, to give the same user the materials\r\n specified in Subsection 6a, above, for a charge no more\r\n than the cost of performing this distribution.\r\n\r\n d) If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy\r\n from a designated place, offer equivalent access to copy the above\r\n specified materials from the same place.\r\n\r\n e) Verify that the user has already received a copy of these\r\n materials or that you have already sent this user a copy.\r\n\r\n For an executable, the required form of the \"work that uses the\r\nLibrary\" must include any data and utility programs needed for\r\nreproducing the executable from it. However, as a special exception,\r\nthe materials to be distributed need not include anything that is\r\nnormally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major\r\ncomponents (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on\r\nwhich the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies\r\nthe executable.\r\n\r\n It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license\r\nrestrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally\r\naccompany the operating system. Such a contradiction means you cannot\r\nuse both them and the Library together in an executable that you\r\ndistribute.\r\n\f\r\n 7. You may place library facilities that are a work based on the\r\nLibrary side-by-side in a single library together with other library\r\nfacilities not covered by this License, and distribute such a combined\r\nlibrary, provided that the separate distribution of the work based on\r\nthe Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise\r\npermitted, and provided that you do these two things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work\r\n based on the Library, uncombined with any other library\r\n facilities. This must be distributed under the terms of the\r\n Sections above.\r\n\r\n b) Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact\r\n that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining\r\n where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.\r\n\r\n 8. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute\r\nthe Library except as expressly provided under this License. Any\r\nattempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or\r\ndistribute the Library is void, and will automatically terminate your\r\nrights under this License. However, parties who have received copies,\r\nor rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses\r\nterminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.\r\n\r\n 9. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not\r\nsigned it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or\r\ndistribute the Library or its derivative works. These actions are\r\nprohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by\r\nmodifying or distributing the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and\r\nall its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying\r\nthe Library or works based on it.\r\n\r\n 10. Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), the recipient automatically receives a license from the\r\noriginal licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the Library\r\nsubject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further\r\nrestrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.\r\nYou are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with\r\nthis License.\r\n\f\r\n 11. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent\r\ninfringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),\r\nconditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or\r\notherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not\r\nexcuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot\r\ndistribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this\r\nLicense and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you\r\nmay not distribute the Library at all. For example, if a patent\r\nlicense would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Library by\r\nall those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then\r\nthe only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to\r\nrefrain entirely from distribution of the Library.\r\n\r\nIf any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any\r\nparticular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply,\r\nand the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.\r\n\r\nIt is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any\r\npatents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any\r\nsuch claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the\r\nintegrity of the free software distribution system which is\r\nimplemented by public license practices. Many people have made\r\ngenerous contributions to the wide range of software distributed\r\nthrough that system in reliance on consistent application of that\r\nsystem; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing\r\nto distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot\r\nimpose that choice.\r\n\r\nThis section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to\r\nbe a consequence of the rest of this License.\r\n\r\n 12. If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in\r\ncertain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the\r\noriginal copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add\r\nan explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries,\r\nso that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus\r\nexcluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if\r\nwritten in the body of this License.\r\n\r\n 13. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new\r\nversions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time.\r\nSuch new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version,\r\nbut may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.\r\n\r\nEach version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library\r\nspecifies a version number of this License which applies to it and\r\n\"any later version\", you have the option of following the terms and\r\nconditions either of that version or of any later version published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation. If the Library does not specify a\r\nlicense version number, you may choose any version ever published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation.\r\n\f\r\n 14. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free\r\nprograms whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these,\r\nwrite to the author to ask for permission. For software which is\r\ncopyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free\r\nSoftware Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our\r\ndecision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status\r\nof all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing\r\nand reuse of software generally.\r\n\r\n NO WARRANTY\r\n\r\n 15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO\r\nWARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.\r\nEXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR\r\nOTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY \"AS IS\" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY\r\nKIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\r\nIMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR\r\nPURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE\r\nLIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME\r\nTHE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.\r\n\r\n 16. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN\r\nWRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY\r\nAND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU\r\nFOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR\r\nCONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE\r\nLIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING\r\nRENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A\r\nFAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF\r\nSUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH\r\nDAMAGES.\r\n\r\n END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS\r\n\r\n How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries\r\n\r\n If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest\r\npossible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that\r\neveryone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting\r\nredistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the\r\nordinary General Public License).\r\n\r\n To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is\r\nsafest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively\r\nconvey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the\r\n\"copyright\" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.\r\n\r\n <one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.>\r\n Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>\r\n\r\n This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\r\n modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either\r\n version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.\r\n\r\n This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\r\n but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\r\n MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Inversion" }, { "word": "Seismology" }, { "word": "Tsunamis" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-07-20T21:07:15+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-07-21T01:21:16+02:00", "date_published": "2020-07-21T01:21:16+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/5aet4", "authors": [ { "pk": 3880, "first_name": "Diego", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Melgar", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0001-6259-1852" }, { "pk": 128, "first_name": "Angel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ruiz-Angulo", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7315, "first_name": "Xyoli", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pérez-Campos", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 16497, "first_name": "Brendan", "middle_name": "W", "last_name": "Crowell", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7066, "first_name": "Xiaohua", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Xu", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9651, "first_name": "Enrique", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cabral-Cano", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 3837, "first_name": "Michael", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Brudzinski", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0003-1869-0700" }, { "pk": 11003, "first_name": "Luis", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rodriguez-Abreu", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Oaxaca2020_eartharxiv.docx", "mime_type": "application/msword", "download_url": "/repository/object/69/download/124/" }, { "original_filename": "Oaxaca2020_eartharxiv.docx", "mime_type": "application/msword", "download_url": "/repository/object/69/download/125/" }, { "original_filename": "Oaxaca2020.docx", "mime_type": "application/msword", "download_url": "/repository/object/69/download/126/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 70, "title": "The Volcanic & Magmatic Studies Group Equality, Diversity and Inclusion Report 2020", "abstract": "The Volcanic and Magmatic Studies Group (VMSG) takes equality, diversity and inclusion (EDI) seriously and we recognise that the under-representation and/or unconscious marginalisation of any group impacts on our ability to fulfill our mission to serve the volcanology, petrology and geochemistry community. The following report summarises the findings from both the 2016-2020 VMSG annual meetings statistics and the VMSG 2020 Members Survey, which was held online in January-March 2020. The Members Survey was anonymous and included questions relating to gender, sexual orientation, place of residence and career stage. Due to limitations related to our historic data, the analysis presented here of past events is focused only on gender identity. Nevertheless, we are aware of the biases that exist within our scientific community -- such as ethnicity, sexual orientation, religion, physical ability and socioeconomic background -- and recognise that any future analysis needs to include these important factors, and also to look at trends in EDI over a longer time period.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Diversity" }, { "word": "Equality" }, { "word": "Inclusion" }, { "word": "vmsg" }, { "word": "geoscience" }, { "word": "science" }, { "word": "volcanoes" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-07-20T11:56:19+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-07-24T07:08:50+02:00", "date_published": "2020-07-24T07:08:50+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/rgxh7", "authors": [ { "pk": 12583, "first_name": "Samantha", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Engwell", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6039, "first_name": "Sally", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gibson", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0002-4835-2908" }, { "pk": 1715, "first_name": "Janine", "middle_name": "Lynsey", "last_name": "Kavanagh", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Education" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Volcanology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "VMSG_EDI_Report_July2020.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/70/download/127/" }, { "original_filename": "VMSG_EDI_Report_July2020.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/70/download/128/" }, { "original_filename": "VMSG_EDI_Report_July2020.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/70/download/129/" }, { "original_filename": "VMSG_EDI_Report_July2020.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/70/download/130/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 71, "title": "Estimating survival probability using the terrestrial extinction history for the search for extraterrestrial life", "abstract": "Several exoplanets have been discovered to date, and the next step is the search for extraterrestrial life. However, it is difficult to estimate the number of life-bearing exoplanets because our only template is based on life on Earth. In this paper, a new approach is introduced to estimate the probability that life on Earth has survived from birth to the present based on its terrestrial extinction history. A histogram of the extinction intensity during the Phanerozoic Eon is modeled effectively with a log-normal function, supporting the idea that terrestrial extinction is a random multiplicative process. Assuming that the fitted function is a probability density function of extinction intensity per unit time, the estimated survival probability of life on Earth is ~0.15 from the beginning of life to the present. This value can be a constraint on fi in the Drake equation, which contributes to estimating the number of life-bearing exoplanets.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public\r\nLicenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change\r\nfree software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.\r\n\r\n This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some\r\nspecially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the\r\nFree Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You\r\ncan use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether\r\nthis license or the ordinary General Public License is the better\r\nstrategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.\r\n\r\n When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,\r\nnot price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that\r\nyou have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge\r\nfor this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get\r\nit if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of\r\nit in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do\r\nthese things.\r\n\r\n To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid\r\ndistributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these\r\nrights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for\r\nyou if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.\r\n\r\n For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis\r\nor for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave\r\nyou. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source\r\ncode. If you link other code with the library, you must provide\r\ncomplete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them\r\nwith the library after making changes to the library and recompiling\r\nit. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.\r\n\r\n We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the\r\nlibrary, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal\r\npermission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.\r\n\r\n To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that\r\nthere is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is\r\nmodified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know\r\nthat what they have is not the original version, so that the original\r\nauthor's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be\r\nintroduced by others.\r\n\f\r\n Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of\r\nany free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot\r\neffectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a\r\nrestrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that\r\nany patent license obtained for a version of the library must be\r\nconsistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license.\r\n\r\n Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser\r\nGeneral Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and\r\nis quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use\r\nthis license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those\r\nlibraries into non-free programs.\r\n\r\n When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using\r\na shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a\r\ncombined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary\r\nGeneral Public License therefore permits such linking only if the\r\nentire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General\r\nPublic License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with\r\nthe library.\r\n\r\n We call this license the \"Lesser\" General Public License because it\r\ndoes Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General\r\nPublic License. It also provides other free software developers Less\r\nof an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages\r\nare the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many\r\nlibraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain\r\nspecial circumstances.\r\n\r\n For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to\r\nencourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes\r\na de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be\r\nallowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free\r\nlibrary does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this\r\ncase, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free\r\nsoftware only, so we use the Lesser General Public License.\r\n\r\n In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free\r\nprograms enables a greater number of people to use a large body of\r\nfree software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in\r\nnon-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU\r\noperating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating\r\nsystem.\r\n\r\n Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the\r\nusers' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is\r\nlinked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run\r\nthat program using a modified version of the Library.\r\n\r\n The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and\r\nmodification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a\r\n\"work based on the library\" and a \"work that uses the library\". The\r\nformer contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must\r\nbe combined with the library in order to run.\r\n\f\r\n GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION\r\n\r\n 0. This License Agreement applies to any software library or other\r\nprogram which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or\r\nother authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of\r\nthis Lesser General Public License (also called \"this License\").\r\nEach licensee is addressed as \"you\".\r\n\r\n A \"library\" means a collection of software functions and/or data\r\nprepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs\r\n(which use some of those functions and data) to form executables.\r\n\r\n The \"Library\", below, refers to any such software library or work\r\nwhich has been distributed under these terms. A \"work based on the\r\nLibrary\" means either the Library or any derivative work under\r\ncopyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a\r\nportion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated\r\nstraightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is\r\nincluded without limitation in the term \"modification\".)\r\n\r\n \"Source code\" for a work means the preferred form of the work for\r\nmaking modifications to it. For a library, complete source code means\r\nall the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated\r\ninterface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation\r\nand installation of the library.\r\n\r\n Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not\r\ncovered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of\r\nrunning a program using the Library is not restricted, and output from\r\nsuch a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based\r\non the Library (independent of the use of the Library in a tool for\r\nwriting it). Whether that is true depends on what the Library does\r\nand what the program that uses the Library does.\r\n\r\n 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's\r\ncomplete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that\r\nyou conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an\r\nappropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact\r\nall the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any\r\nwarranty; and distribute a copy of this License along with the\r\nLibrary.\r\n\r\n You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,\r\nand you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a\r\nfee.\r\n\f\r\n 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion\r\nof it, thus forming a work based on the Library, and copy and\r\ndistribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1\r\nabove, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:\r\n\r\n a) The modified work must itself be a software library.\r\n\r\n b) You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices\r\n stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.\r\n\r\n c) You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no\r\n charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.\r\n\r\n d) If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a\r\n table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses\r\n the facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility\r\n is invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that,\r\n in the event an application does not supply such function or\r\n table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of\r\n its purpose remains meaningful.\r\n\r\n (For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has\r\n a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the\r\n application. Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any\r\n application-supplied function or table used by this function must\r\n be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square\r\n root function must still compute square roots.)\r\n\r\nThese requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If\r\nidentifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library,\r\nand can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in\r\nthemselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those\r\nsections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you\r\ndistribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based\r\non the Library, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of\r\nthis License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the\r\nentire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote\r\nit.\r\n\r\nThus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest\r\nyour rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to\r\nexercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or\r\ncollective works based on the Library.\r\n\r\nIn addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library\r\nwith the Library (or with a work based on the Library) on a volume of\r\na storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under\r\nthe scope of this License.\r\n\r\n 3. You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public\r\nLicense instead of this License to a given copy of the Library. To do\r\nthis, you must alter all the notices that refer to this License, so\r\nthat they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License, version 2,\r\ninstead of to this License. (If a newer version than version 2 of the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License has appeared, then you can specify\r\nthat version instead if you wish.) Do not make any other change in\r\nthese notices.\r\n\f\r\n Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for\r\nthat copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all\r\nsubsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy.\r\n\r\n This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of\r\nthe Library into a program that is not a library.\r\n\r\n 4. You may copy and distribute the Library (or a portion or\r\nderivative of it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form\r\nunder the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany\r\nit with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which\r\nmust be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a\r\nmedium customarily used for software interchange.\r\n\r\n If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy\r\nfrom a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the\r\nsource code from the same place satisfies the requirement to\r\ndistribute the source code, even though third parties are not\r\ncompelled to copy the source along with the object code.\r\n\r\n 5. A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the\r\nLibrary, but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled or\r\nlinked with it, is called a \"work that uses the Library\". Such a\r\nwork, in isolation, is not a derivative work of the Library, and\r\ntherefore falls outside the scope of this License.\r\n\r\n However, linking a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library\r\ncreates an executable that is a derivative of the Library (because it\r\ncontains portions of the Library), rather than a \"work that uses the\r\nlibrary\". The executable is therefore covered by this License.\r\nSection 6 states terms for distribution of such executables.\r\n\r\n When a \"work that uses the Library\" uses material from a header file\r\nthat is part of the Library, the object code for the work may be a\r\nderivative work of the Library even though the source code is not.\r\nWhether this is true is especially significant if the work can be\r\nlinked without the Library, or if the work is itself a library. The\r\nthreshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law.\r\n\r\n If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data\r\nstructure layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline\r\nfunctions (ten lines or less in length), then the use of the object\r\nfile is unrestricted, regardless of whether it is legally a derivative\r\nwork. (Executables containing this object code plus portions of the\r\nLibrary will still fall under Section 6.)\r\n\r\n Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the Library, you may\r\ndistribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6.\r\nAny executables containing that work also fall under Section 6,\r\nwhether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself.\r\n\f\r\n 6. As an exception to the Sections above, you may also combine or\r\nlink a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library to produce a\r\nwork containing portions of the Library, and distribute that work\r\nunder terms of your choice, provided that the terms permit\r\nmodification of the work for the customer's own use and reverse\r\nengineering for debugging such modifications.\r\n\r\n You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the\r\nLibrary is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by\r\nthis License. You must supply a copy of this License. If the work\r\nduring execution displays copyright notices, you must include the\r\ncopyright notice for the Library among them, as well as a reference\r\ndirecting the user to the copy of this License. Also, you must do one\r\nof these things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the work with the complete corresponding\r\n machine-readable source code for the Library including whatever\r\n changes were used in the work (which must be distributed under\r\n Sections 1 and 2 above); and, if the work is an executable linked\r\n with the Library, with the complete machine-readable \"work that\r\n uses the Library\", as object code and/or source code, so that the\r\n user can modify the Library and then relink to produce a modified\r\n executable containing the modified Library. (It is understood\r\n that the user who changes the contents of definitions files in the\r\n Library will not necessarily be able to recompile the application\r\n to use the modified definitions.)\r\n\r\n b) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the\r\n Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (1) uses at run time a\r\n copy of the library already present on the user's computer system,\r\n rather than copying library functions into the executable, and (2)\r\n will operate properly with a modified version of the library, if\r\n the user installs one, as long as the modified version is\r\n interface-compatible with the version that the work was made with.\r\n\r\n c) Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at\r\n least three years, to give the same user the materials\r\n specified in Subsection 6a, above, for a charge no more\r\n than the cost of performing this distribution.\r\n\r\n d) If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy\r\n from a designated place, offer equivalent access to copy the above\r\n specified materials from the same place.\r\n\r\n e) Verify that the user has already received a copy of these\r\n materials or that you have already sent this user a copy.\r\n\r\n For an executable, the required form of the \"work that uses the\r\nLibrary\" must include any data and utility programs needed for\r\nreproducing the executable from it. However, as a special exception,\r\nthe materials to be distributed need not include anything that is\r\nnormally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major\r\ncomponents (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on\r\nwhich the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies\r\nthe executable.\r\n\r\n It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license\r\nrestrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally\r\naccompany the operating system. Such a contradiction means you cannot\r\nuse both them and the Library together in an executable that you\r\ndistribute.\r\n\f\r\n 7. You may place library facilities that are a work based on the\r\nLibrary side-by-side in a single library together with other library\r\nfacilities not covered by this License, and distribute such a combined\r\nlibrary, provided that the separate distribution of the work based on\r\nthe Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise\r\npermitted, and provided that you do these two things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work\r\n based on the Library, uncombined with any other library\r\n facilities. This must be distributed under the terms of the\r\n Sections above.\r\n\r\n b) Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact\r\n that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining\r\n where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.\r\n\r\n 8. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute\r\nthe Library except as expressly provided under this License. Any\r\nattempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or\r\ndistribute the Library is void, and will automatically terminate your\r\nrights under this License. However, parties who have received copies,\r\nor rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses\r\nterminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.\r\n\r\n 9. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not\r\nsigned it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or\r\ndistribute the Library or its derivative works. These actions are\r\nprohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by\r\nmodifying or distributing the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and\r\nall its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying\r\nthe Library or works based on it.\r\n\r\n 10. Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), the recipient automatically receives a license from the\r\noriginal licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the Library\r\nsubject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further\r\nrestrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.\r\nYou are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with\r\nthis License.\r\n\f\r\n 11. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent\r\ninfringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),\r\nconditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or\r\notherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not\r\nexcuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot\r\ndistribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this\r\nLicense and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you\r\nmay not distribute the Library at all. For example, if a patent\r\nlicense would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Library by\r\nall those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then\r\nthe only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to\r\nrefrain entirely from distribution of the Library.\r\n\r\nIf any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any\r\nparticular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply,\r\nand the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.\r\n\r\nIt is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any\r\npatents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any\r\nsuch claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the\r\nintegrity of the free software distribution system which is\r\nimplemented by public license practices. Many people have made\r\ngenerous contributions to the wide range of software distributed\r\nthrough that system in reliance on consistent application of that\r\nsystem; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing\r\nto distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot\r\nimpose that choice.\r\n\r\nThis section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to\r\nbe a consequence of the rest of this License.\r\n\r\n 12. If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in\r\ncertain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the\r\noriginal copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add\r\nan explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries,\r\nso that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus\r\nexcluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if\r\nwritten in the body of this License.\r\n\r\n 13. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new\r\nversions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time.\r\nSuch new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version,\r\nbut may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.\r\n\r\nEach version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library\r\nspecifies a version number of this License which applies to it and\r\n\"any later version\", you have the option of following the terms and\r\nconditions either of that version or of any later version published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation. If the Library does not specify a\r\nlicense version number, you may choose any version ever published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation.\r\n\f\r\n 14. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free\r\nprograms whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these,\r\nwrite to the author to ask for permission. For software which is\r\ncopyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free\r\nSoftware Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our\r\ndecision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status\r\nof all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing\r\nand reuse of software generally.\r\n\r\n NO WARRANTY\r\n\r\n 15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO\r\nWARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.\r\nEXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR\r\nOTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY \"AS IS\" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY\r\nKIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\r\nIMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR\r\nPURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE\r\nLIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME\r\nTHE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.\r\n\r\n 16. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN\r\nWRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY\r\nAND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU\r\nFOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR\r\nCONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE\r\nLIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING\r\nRENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A\r\nFAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF\r\nSUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH\r\nDAMAGES.\r\n\r\n END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS\r\n\r\n How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries\r\n\r\n If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest\r\npossible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that\r\neveryone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting\r\nredistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the\r\nordinary General Public License).\r\n\r\n To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is\r\nsafest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively\r\nconvey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the\r\n\"copyright\" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.\r\n\r\n <one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.>\r\n Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>\r\n\r\n This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\r\n modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either\r\n version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.\r\n\r\n This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\r\n but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\r\n MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Drake equation" }, { "word": "extinction" }, { "word": "SETI" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-07-20T08:52:02+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-07-22T08:11:05+02:00", "date_published": "2020-07-22T08:11:05+02:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-69724-2", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/pcj7r", "authors": [ { "pk": 132, "first_name": "Kohji", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tsumura", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Astrophysics and Astronomy" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Planetary Sciences" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Tsumura.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/71/download/131/" }, { "original_filename": "Tsumura.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/71/download/132/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 72, "title": "A general expression for wave-induced sediment bypassing of an isolated headland", "abstract": "Accurate knowledge of the sediment budget of a coastal cell is necessary for coastal management and predicting long-term coastal change. An important component in the sediment budget of many wave-dominated embayed coastlines is the amount of sediment that bypasses rocky headlands, which present partial barriers to alongshore transport. Despite a recent surge in research interest in headland bypassing, there is as yet no universal method for estimating bypass rates. Here we show, for the first time, that wave-forced bypassing of an isolated headland can be estimated using a parameterisation of wave conditions, shoreface slope, sediment size and headland cross-shore extent. XBeach was used to simulate instantaneous rates of alongshore flux off the apex of an idealised and isolated headland, with >1100 simulations, testing various combinations of wave forcing and morphological factors. The ratio of headland cross-shore extent to surf zone width 〖(X〗_H/X_S) was found to be the critical control on bypass rates. Bypass is predicted as: Q_bypass= Q_0 f(X_H/X_S ); where Q_0 is based on an existing alongshore transport expression (Van Rijn, 2014) and f(X_H/X_S) is a negative exponential function. This formulation was found to accurately replicate bypass rates modelled by XBeach, generally to within a factor of two. Headland shape is a lower-order control on bypass and can be excluded from the parameterisation. This approach was then demonstrated to succesfully estimate bypass rates for a field site, and can be adapted to accommodate time-varying wave conditions and water levels. This new expression can be used to provide a first-pass estimate of wave-forced bypassing rates for a wide-range of headland types. This will be of use to coastal managers, scientists and engineers working on rocky and embayed coastlines.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public\r\nLicenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change\r\nfree software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.\r\n\r\n This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some\r\nspecially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the\r\nFree Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You\r\ncan use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether\r\nthis license or the ordinary General Public License is the better\r\nstrategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.\r\n\r\n When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,\r\nnot price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that\r\nyou have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge\r\nfor this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get\r\nit if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of\r\nit in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do\r\nthese things.\r\n\r\n To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid\r\ndistributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these\r\nrights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for\r\nyou if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.\r\n\r\n For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis\r\nor for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave\r\nyou. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source\r\ncode. If you link other code with the library, you must provide\r\ncomplete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them\r\nwith the library after making changes to the library and recompiling\r\nit. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.\r\n\r\n We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the\r\nlibrary, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal\r\npermission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.\r\n\r\n To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that\r\nthere is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is\r\nmodified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know\r\nthat what they have is not the original version, so that the original\r\nauthor's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be\r\nintroduced by others.\r\n\f\r\n Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of\r\nany free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot\r\neffectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a\r\nrestrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that\r\nany patent license obtained for a version of the library must be\r\nconsistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license.\r\n\r\n Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser\r\nGeneral Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and\r\nis quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use\r\nthis license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those\r\nlibraries into non-free programs.\r\n\r\n When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using\r\na shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a\r\ncombined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary\r\nGeneral Public License therefore permits such linking only if the\r\nentire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General\r\nPublic License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with\r\nthe library.\r\n\r\n We call this license the \"Lesser\" General Public License because it\r\ndoes Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General\r\nPublic License. It also provides other free software developers Less\r\nof an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages\r\nare the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many\r\nlibraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain\r\nspecial circumstances.\r\n\r\n For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to\r\nencourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes\r\na de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be\r\nallowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free\r\nlibrary does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this\r\ncase, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free\r\nsoftware only, so we use the Lesser General Public License.\r\n\r\n In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free\r\nprograms enables a greater number of people to use a large body of\r\nfree software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in\r\nnon-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU\r\noperating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating\r\nsystem.\r\n\r\n Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the\r\nusers' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is\r\nlinked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run\r\nthat program using a modified version of the Library.\r\n\r\n The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and\r\nmodification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a\r\n\"work based on the library\" and a \"work that uses the library\". The\r\nformer contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must\r\nbe combined with the library in order to run.\r\n\f\r\n GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION\r\n\r\n 0. This License Agreement applies to any software library or other\r\nprogram which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or\r\nother authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of\r\nthis Lesser General Public License (also called \"this License\").\r\nEach licensee is addressed as \"you\".\r\n\r\n A \"library\" means a collection of software functions and/or data\r\nprepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs\r\n(which use some of those functions and data) to form executables.\r\n\r\n The \"Library\", below, refers to any such software library or work\r\nwhich has been distributed under these terms. A \"work based on the\r\nLibrary\" means either the Library or any derivative work under\r\ncopyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a\r\nportion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated\r\nstraightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is\r\nincluded without limitation in the term \"modification\".)\r\n\r\n \"Source code\" for a work means the preferred form of the work for\r\nmaking modifications to it. For a library, complete source code means\r\nall the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated\r\ninterface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation\r\nand installation of the library.\r\n\r\n Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not\r\ncovered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of\r\nrunning a program using the Library is not restricted, and output from\r\nsuch a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based\r\non the Library (independent of the use of the Library in a tool for\r\nwriting it). Whether that is true depends on what the Library does\r\nand what the program that uses the Library does.\r\n\r\n 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's\r\ncomplete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that\r\nyou conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an\r\nappropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact\r\nall the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any\r\nwarranty; and distribute a copy of this License along with the\r\nLibrary.\r\n\r\n You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,\r\nand you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a\r\nfee.\r\n\f\r\n 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion\r\nof it, thus forming a work based on the Library, and copy and\r\ndistribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1\r\nabove, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:\r\n\r\n a) The modified work must itself be a software library.\r\n\r\n b) You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices\r\n stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.\r\n\r\n c) You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no\r\n charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.\r\n\r\n d) If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a\r\n table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses\r\n the facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility\r\n is invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that,\r\n in the event an application does not supply such function or\r\n table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of\r\n its purpose remains meaningful.\r\n\r\n (For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has\r\n a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the\r\n application. Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any\r\n application-supplied function or table used by this function must\r\n be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square\r\n root function must still compute square roots.)\r\n\r\nThese requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If\r\nidentifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library,\r\nand can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in\r\nthemselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those\r\nsections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you\r\ndistribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based\r\non the Library, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of\r\nthis License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the\r\nentire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote\r\nit.\r\n\r\nThus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest\r\nyour rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to\r\nexercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or\r\ncollective works based on the Library.\r\n\r\nIn addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library\r\nwith the Library (or with a work based on the Library) on a volume of\r\na storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under\r\nthe scope of this License.\r\n\r\n 3. You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public\r\nLicense instead of this License to a given copy of the Library. To do\r\nthis, you must alter all the notices that refer to this License, so\r\nthat they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License, version 2,\r\ninstead of to this License. (If a newer version than version 2 of the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License has appeared, then you can specify\r\nthat version instead if you wish.) Do not make any other change in\r\nthese notices.\r\n\f\r\n Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for\r\nthat copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all\r\nsubsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy.\r\n\r\n This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of\r\nthe Library into a program that is not a library.\r\n\r\n 4. You may copy and distribute the Library (or a portion or\r\nderivative of it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form\r\nunder the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany\r\nit with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which\r\nmust be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a\r\nmedium customarily used for software interchange.\r\n\r\n If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy\r\nfrom a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the\r\nsource code from the same place satisfies the requirement to\r\ndistribute the source code, even though third parties are not\r\ncompelled to copy the source along with the object code.\r\n\r\n 5. A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the\r\nLibrary, but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled or\r\nlinked with it, is called a \"work that uses the Library\". Such a\r\nwork, in isolation, is not a derivative work of the Library, and\r\ntherefore falls outside the scope of this License.\r\n\r\n However, linking a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library\r\ncreates an executable that is a derivative of the Library (because it\r\ncontains portions of the Library), rather than a \"work that uses the\r\nlibrary\". The executable is therefore covered by this License.\r\nSection 6 states terms for distribution of such executables.\r\n\r\n When a \"work that uses the Library\" uses material from a header file\r\nthat is part of the Library, the object code for the work may be a\r\nderivative work of the Library even though the source code is not.\r\nWhether this is true is especially significant if the work can be\r\nlinked without the Library, or if the work is itself a library. The\r\nthreshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law.\r\n\r\n If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data\r\nstructure layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline\r\nfunctions (ten lines or less in length), then the use of the object\r\nfile is unrestricted, regardless of whether it is legally a derivative\r\nwork. (Executables containing this object code plus portions of the\r\nLibrary will still fall under Section 6.)\r\n\r\n Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the Library, you may\r\ndistribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6.\r\nAny executables containing that work also fall under Section 6,\r\nwhether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself.\r\n\f\r\n 6. As an exception to the Sections above, you may also combine or\r\nlink a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library to produce a\r\nwork containing portions of the Library, and distribute that work\r\nunder terms of your choice, provided that the terms permit\r\nmodification of the work for the customer's own use and reverse\r\nengineering for debugging such modifications.\r\n\r\n You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the\r\nLibrary is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by\r\nthis License. You must supply a copy of this License. If the work\r\nduring execution displays copyright notices, you must include the\r\ncopyright notice for the Library among them, as well as a reference\r\ndirecting the user to the copy of this License. Also, you must do one\r\nof these things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the work with the complete corresponding\r\n machine-readable source code for the Library including whatever\r\n changes were used in the work (which must be distributed under\r\n Sections 1 and 2 above); and, if the work is an executable linked\r\n with the Library, with the complete machine-readable \"work that\r\n uses the Library\", as object code and/or source code, so that the\r\n user can modify the Library and then relink to produce a modified\r\n executable containing the modified Library. (It is understood\r\n that the user who changes the contents of definitions files in the\r\n Library will not necessarily be able to recompile the application\r\n to use the modified definitions.)\r\n\r\n b) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the\r\n Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (1) uses at run time a\r\n copy of the library already present on the user's computer system,\r\n rather than copying library functions into the executable, and (2)\r\n will operate properly with a modified version of the library, if\r\n the user installs one, as long as the modified version is\r\n interface-compatible with the version that the work was made with.\r\n\r\n c) Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at\r\n least three years, to give the same user the materials\r\n specified in Subsection 6a, above, for a charge no more\r\n than the cost of performing this distribution.\r\n\r\n d) If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy\r\n from a designated place, offer equivalent access to copy the above\r\n specified materials from the same place.\r\n\r\n e) Verify that the user has already received a copy of these\r\n materials or that you have already sent this user a copy.\r\n\r\n For an executable, the required form of the \"work that uses the\r\nLibrary\" must include any data and utility programs needed for\r\nreproducing the executable from it. However, as a special exception,\r\nthe materials to be distributed need not include anything that is\r\nnormally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major\r\ncomponents (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on\r\nwhich the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies\r\nthe executable.\r\n\r\n It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license\r\nrestrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally\r\naccompany the operating system. Such a contradiction means you cannot\r\nuse both them and the Library together in an executable that you\r\ndistribute.\r\n\f\r\n 7. You may place library facilities that are a work based on the\r\nLibrary side-by-side in a single library together with other library\r\nfacilities not covered by this License, and distribute such a combined\r\nlibrary, provided that the separate distribution of the work based on\r\nthe Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise\r\npermitted, and provided that you do these two things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work\r\n based on the Library, uncombined with any other library\r\n facilities. This must be distributed under the terms of the\r\n Sections above.\r\n\r\n b) Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact\r\n that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining\r\n where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.\r\n\r\n 8. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute\r\nthe Library except as expressly provided under this License. Any\r\nattempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or\r\ndistribute the Library is void, and will automatically terminate your\r\nrights under this License. However, parties who have received copies,\r\nor rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses\r\nterminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.\r\n\r\n 9. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not\r\nsigned it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or\r\ndistribute the Library or its derivative works. These actions are\r\nprohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by\r\nmodifying or distributing the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and\r\nall its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying\r\nthe Library or works based on it.\r\n\r\n 10. Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), the recipient automatically receives a license from the\r\noriginal licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the Library\r\nsubject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further\r\nrestrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.\r\nYou are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with\r\nthis License.\r\n\f\r\n 11. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent\r\ninfringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),\r\nconditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or\r\notherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not\r\nexcuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot\r\ndistribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this\r\nLicense and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you\r\nmay not distribute the Library at all. For example, if a patent\r\nlicense would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Library by\r\nall those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then\r\nthe only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to\r\nrefrain entirely from distribution of the Library.\r\n\r\nIf any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any\r\nparticular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply,\r\nand the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.\r\n\r\nIt is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any\r\npatents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any\r\nsuch claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the\r\nintegrity of the free software distribution system which is\r\nimplemented by public license practices. Many people have made\r\ngenerous contributions to the wide range of software distributed\r\nthrough that system in reliance on consistent application of that\r\nsystem; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing\r\nto distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot\r\nimpose that choice.\r\n\r\nThis section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to\r\nbe a consequence of the rest of this License.\r\n\r\n 12. If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in\r\ncertain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the\r\noriginal copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add\r\nan explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries,\r\nso that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus\r\nexcluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if\r\nwritten in the body of this License.\r\n\r\n 13. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new\r\nversions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time.\r\nSuch new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version,\r\nbut may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.\r\n\r\nEach version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library\r\nspecifies a version number of this License which applies to it and\r\n\"any later version\", you have the option of following the terms and\r\nconditions either of that version or of any later version published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation. If the Library does not specify a\r\nlicense version number, you may choose any version ever published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation.\r\n\f\r\n 14. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free\r\nprograms whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these,\r\nwrite to the author to ask for permission. For software which is\r\ncopyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free\r\nSoftware Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our\r\ndecision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status\r\nof all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing\r\nand reuse of software generally.\r\n\r\n NO WARRANTY\r\n\r\n 15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO\r\nWARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.\r\nEXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR\r\nOTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY \"AS IS\" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY\r\nKIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\r\nIMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR\r\nPURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE\r\nLIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME\r\nTHE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.\r\n\r\n 16. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN\r\nWRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY\r\nAND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU\r\nFOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR\r\nCONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE\r\nLIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING\r\nRENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A\r\nFAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF\r\nSUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH\r\nDAMAGES.\r\n\r\n END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS\r\n\r\n How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries\r\n\r\n If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest\r\npossible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that\r\neveryone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting\r\nredistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the\r\nordinary General Public License).\r\n\r\n To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is\r\nsafest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively\r\nconvey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the\r\n\"copyright\" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.\r\n\r\n <one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.>\r\n Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>\r\n\r\n This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\r\n modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either\r\n version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.\r\n\r\n This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\r\n but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\r\n MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "coastal sediment budget" }, { "word": "embayed beaches" }, { "word": "Headland bypassing" }, { "word": "sediment transport" }, { "word": "wave-dominated coastlines" }, { "word": "Xbeach modelling" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-07-20T03:09:42+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-07-21T00:38:05+02:00", "date_published": "2020-07-21T00:38:05+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/67rhx", "authors": [ { "pk": 4215, "first_name": "Robert", "middle_name": "Jak", "last_name": "McCarroll", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5683, "first_name": "Gerd", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Masselink", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7044, "first_name": "Nieves", "middle_name": "G.", "last_name": "Valiente", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8561, "first_name": "Erin", "middle_name": "V.", "last_name": "King", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8303, "first_name": "Timothy", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Scott", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10198, "first_name": "Christopher", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Stokes", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9307, "first_name": "Mark", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wiggins", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Engineering" }, { "name": "Geomorphology" }, { "name": "Oceanography" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Other Engineering" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "McCarroll_etal_2020_EarthArXiv_Preprint_HeadlandBypassExpression.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/72/download/133/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 2157, "title": "Magma pathways in sill-complexes", "abstract": "The Loch Scridain Sill-complex on the Isle of Mull affords an opportunity to examine how magma moves through and builds sill-complexes (Holness & Humphreys 2003). For example, field and petrological evidence indicates the Tràigh Bhàn na Sgùrra Sill is segmented and comprised several thick channels, separated by thin sill portions, that facilitated longer-lived magma flow (Holness & Humphreys 2003; Stephens et al. 2017). We integrate structural field analysis and rock magnetic techniques in an attempt to identify and characterise magma flow pathways in the LSSC, with a view to expanding the study to understand how the entire sill-complex was constructed.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Sill" }, { "word": "Magma" }, { "word": "Magnetic" }, { "word": "Flow" } ], "date_submitted": "2021-03-09T10:02:09.116000+01:00", "date_accepted": "2021-03-09T14:27:21.633000+01:00", "date_published": "2021-03-09T14:27:00+01:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X57C8D", "authors": [ { "pk": 1608, "first_name": "Craig", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Magee", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0001-9836-2365" }, { "pk": 6332, "first_name": "Simon", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Martin", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5720, "first_name": "William", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "McCarthy", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8732, "first_name": "John", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "MacDonald", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Magee et al. 2021 - Loch Scridain Sill-complex Report - VMSG Emeleus Award.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/2157/download/4466/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Loch_Scridain_Sill-Complex_data_-_Henry_Emeleus_Award_2019/14184860", "label": "Supplementary File" } ] }, { "pk": 73, "title": "Navigating groundwater model uncertainty analysis", "abstract": "The design of a groundwater model is based on the model objective, the management or research question that the model seeks to address. Designing the uncertainty analysis of a groundwater models likewise needs to consider the objective of the uncertainty analysis; how the uncertainty in model predictions will be used.\nIn this paper a framework is presented to consider the various dimensions of groundwater modelling and uncertainty analysis. The discussion is structured around four main types of groundwater model objectives: characterisation and conceptualisation, design and optimisation, scenario analysis and impact analysis. The differences in model objective affect (1) the choice of a quantity of interest, (2) the balance between honouring observations, being consistent with system knowledge and estimating the range of model outcomes, (3) which sources of uncertainty to emphasize and (4) the trade-off between model runtime, number of parameters and number of model evaluations. These differences will ultimately affect which uncertainty analysis technique is most suited for a practical groundwater model investigation. The concepts are illustrated with a case study, designing the uncertainty analysis for an update to the groundwater model for the Angas-Bremer aquifer system in Australia.\nThe framework provides a way to systematically discuss, document and justify the various choices inherent to a groundwater model and uncertainty analysis and helps navigating the various uncertainty analysis approaches currently available.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "groundwater modelling" }, { "word": "uncertainty analysis" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-07-19T14:09:52+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-07-20T03:14:53+02:00", "date_published": "2020-07-20T03:14:53+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/5yrb6", "authors": [ { "pk": 2101, "first_name": "Luk", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Peeters", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-1776-3173" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Hydrology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "NavigatingUncertainty_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/73/download/134/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 74, "title": "pipedream: an interactive digital twin model for urban drainage networks", "abstract": "Faced with growing water infrastructure challenges, many cities are now seeking to build digital twins of urban stormwater systems that combine sensor data with online models in order to better understand and control system dynamics. Towards this goal, this study presents pipedream—an end-to-end software toolkit for real-time modeling and state estimation in urban stormwater networks. The toolkit combines (i) a new hydrodynamic solver based on the full one-dimensional Saint-Venant equations and (ii) an implicit Kalman filtering methodology that efficiently updates system states based on observed data. Drawing on sensor data from a real-world stormwater network, we find that the state estimation toolkit is effective at both interpolating system states and forecasting future states based on current measurements. By providing a complete, real-time view of stormwater system dynamics, this toolkit will enable better evaluation of system performance, improved detection of hazards, and more robust implementation of real-time control.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public\r\nLicenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change\r\nfree software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.\r\n\r\n This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some\r\nspecially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the\r\nFree Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You\r\ncan use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether\r\nthis license or the ordinary General Public License is the better\r\nstrategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.\r\n\r\n When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,\r\nnot price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that\r\nyou have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge\r\nfor this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get\r\nit if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of\r\nit in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do\r\nthese things.\r\n\r\n To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid\r\ndistributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these\r\nrights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for\r\nyou if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.\r\n\r\n For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis\r\nor for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave\r\nyou. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source\r\ncode. If you link other code with the library, you must provide\r\ncomplete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them\r\nwith the library after making changes to the library and recompiling\r\nit. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.\r\n\r\n We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the\r\nlibrary, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal\r\npermission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.\r\n\r\n To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that\r\nthere is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is\r\nmodified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know\r\nthat what they have is not the original version, so that the original\r\nauthor's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be\r\nintroduced by others.\r\n\f\r\n Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of\r\nany free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot\r\neffectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a\r\nrestrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that\r\nany patent license obtained for a version of the library must be\r\nconsistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license.\r\n\r\n Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser\r\nGeneral Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and\r\nis quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use\r\nthis license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those\r\nlibraries into non-free programs.\r\n\r\n When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using\r\na shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a\r\ncombined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary\r\nGeneral Public License therefore permits such linking only if the\r\nentire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General\r\nPublic License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with\r\nthe library.\r\n\r\n We call this license the \"Lesser\" General Public License because it\r\ndoes Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General\r\nPublic License. It also provides other free software developers Less\r\nof an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages\r\nare the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many\r\nlibraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain\r\nspecial circumstances.\r\n\r\n For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to\r\nencourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes\r\na de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be\r\nallowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free\r\nlibrary does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this\r\ncase, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free\r\nsoftware only, so we use the Lesser General Public License.\r\n\r\n In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free\r\nprograms enables a greater number of people to use a large body of\r\nfree software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in\r\nnon-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU\r\noperating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating\r\nsystem.\r\n\r\n Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the\r\nusers' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is\r\nlinked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run\r\nthat program using a modified version of the Library.\r\n\r\n The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and\r\nmodification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a\r\n\"work based on the library\" and a \"work that uses the library\". The\r\nformer contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must\r\nbe combined with the library in order to run.\r\n\f\r\n GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION\r\n\r\n 0. This License Agreement applies to any software library or other\r\nprogram which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or\r\nother authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of\r\nthis Lesser General Public License (also called \"this License\").\r\nEach licensee is addressed as \"you\".\r\n\r\n A \"library\" means a collection of software functions and/or data\r\nprepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs\r\n(which use some of those functions and data) to form executables.\r\n\r\n The \"Library\", below, refers to any such software library or work\r\nwhich has been distributed under these terms. A \"work based on the\r\nLibrary\" means either the Library or any derivative work under\r\ncopyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a\r\nportion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated\r\nstraightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is\r\nincluded without limitation in the term \"modification\".)\r\n\r\n \"Source code\" for a work means the preferred form of the work for\r\nmaking modifications to it. For a library, complete source code means\r\nall the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated\r\ninterface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation\r\nand installation of the library.\r\n\r\n Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not\r\ncovered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of\r\nrunning a program using the Library is not restricted, and output from\r\nsuch a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based\r\non the Library (independent of the use of the Library in a tool for\r\nwriting it). Whether that is true depends on what the Library does\r\nand what the program that uses the Library does.\r\n\r\n 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's\r\ncomplete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that\r\nyou conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an\r\nappropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact\r\nall the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any\r\nwarranty; and distribute a copy of this License along with the\r\nLibrary.\r\n\r\n You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,\r\nand you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a\r\nfee.\r\n\f\r\n 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion\r\nof it, thus forming a work based on the Library, and copy and\r\ndistribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1\r\nabove, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:\r\n\r\n a) The modified work must itself be a software library.\r\n\r\n b) You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices\r\n stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.\r\n\r\n c) You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no\r\n charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.\r\n\r\n d) If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a\r\n table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses\r\n the facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility\r\n is invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that,\r\n in the event an application does not supply such function or\r\n table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of\r\n its purpose remains meaningful.\r\n\r\n (For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has\r\n a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the\r\n application. Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any\r\n application-supplied function or table used by this function must\r\n be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square\r\n root function must still compute square roots.)\r\n\r\nThese requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If\r\nidentifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library,\r\nand can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in\r\nthemselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those\r\nsections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you\r\ndistribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based\r\non the Library, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of\r\nthis License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the\r\nentire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote\r\nit.\r\n\r\nThus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest\r\nyour rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to\r\nexercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or\r\ncollective works based on the Library.\r\n\r\nIn addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library\r\nwith the Library (or with a work based on the Library) on a volume of\r\na storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under\r\nthe scope of this License.\r\n\r\n 3. You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public\r\nLicense instead of this License to a given copy of the Library. To do\r\nthis, you must alter all the notices that refer to this License, so\r\nthat they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License, version 2,\r\ninstead of to this License. (If a newer version than version 2 of the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License has appeared, then you can specify\r\nthat version instead if you wish.) Do not make any other change in\r\nthese notices.\r\n\f\r\n Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for\r\nthat copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all\r\nsubsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy.\r\n\r\n This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of\r\nthe Library into a program that is not a library.\r\n\r\n 4. You may copy and distribute the Library (or a portion or\r\nderivative of it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form\r\nunder the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany\r\nit with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which\r\nmust be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a\r\nmedium customarily used for software interchange.\r\n\r\n If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy\r\nfrom a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the\r\nsource code from the same place satisfies the requirement to\r\ndistribute the source code, even though third parties are not\r\ncompelled to copy the source along with the object code.\r\n\r\n 5. A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the\r\nLibrary, but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled or\r\nlinked with it, is called a \"work that uses the Library\". Such a\r\nwork, in isolation, is not a derivative work of the Library, and\r\ntherefore falls outside the scope of this License.\r\n\r\n However, linking a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library\r\ncreates an executable that is a derivative of the Library (because it\r\ncontains portions of the Library), rather than a \"work that uses the\r\nlibrary\". The executable is therefore covered by this License.\r\nSection 6 states terms for distribution of such executables.\r\n\r\n When a \"work that uses the Library\" uses material from a header file\r\nthat is part of the Library, the object code for the work may be a\r\nderivative work of the Library even though the source code is not.\r\nWhether this is true is especially significant if the work can be\r\nlinked without the Library, or if the work is itself a library. The\r\nthreshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law.\r\n\r\n If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data\r\nstructure layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline\r\nfunctions (ten lines or less in length), then the use of the object\r\nfile is unrestricted, regardless of whether it is legally a derivative\r\nwork. (Executables containing this object code plus portions of the\r\nLibrary will still fall under Section 6.)\r\n\r\n Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the Library, you may\r\ndistribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6.\r\nAny executables containing that work also fall under Section 6,\r\nwhether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself.\r\n\f\r\n 6. As an exception to the Sections above, you may also combine or\r\nlink a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library to produce a\r\nwork containing portions of the Library, and distribute that work\r\nunder terms of your choice, provided that the terms permit\r\nmodification of the work for the customer's own use and reverse\r\nengineering for debugging such modifications.\r\n\r\n You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the\r\nLibrary is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by\r\nthis License. You must supply a copy of this License. If the work\r\nduring execution displays copyright notices, you must include the\r\ncopyright notice for the Library among them, as well as a reference\r\ndirecting the user to the copy of this License. Also, you must do one\r\nof these things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the work with the complete corresponding\r\n machine-readable source code for the Library including whatever\r\n changes were used in the work (which must be distributed under\r\n Sections 1 and 2 above); and, if the work is an executable linked\r\n with the Library, with the complete machine-readable \"work that\r\n uses the Library\", as object code and/or source code, so that the\r\n user can modify the Library and then relink to produce a modified\r\n executable containing the modified Library. (It is understood\r\n that the user who changes the contents of definitions files in the\r\n Library will not necessarily be able to recompile the application\r\n to use the modified definitions.)\r\n\r\n b) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the\r\n Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (1) uses at run time a\r\n copy of the library already present on the user's computer system,\r\n rather than copying library functions into the executable, and (2)\r\n will operate properly with a modified version of the library, if\r\n the user installs one, as long as the modified version is\r\n interface-compatible with the version that the work was made with.\r\n\r\n c) Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at\r\n least three years, to give the same user the materials\r\n specified in Subsection 6a, above, for a charge no more\r\n than the cost of performing this distribution.\r\n\r\n d) If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy\r\n from a designated place, offer equivalent access to copy the above\r\n specified materials from the same place.\r\n\r\n e) Verify that the user has already received a copy of these\r\n materials or that you have already sent this user a copy.\r\n\r\n For an executable, the required form of the \"work that uses the\r\nLibrary\" must include any data and utility programs needed for\r\nreproducing the executable from it. However, as a special exception,\r\nthe materials to be distributed need not include anything that is\r\nnormally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major\r\ncomponents (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on\r\nwhich the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies\r\nthe executable.\r\n\r\n It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license\r\nrestrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally\r\naccompany the operating system. Such a contradiction means you cannot\r\nuse both them and the Library together in an executable that you\r\ndistribute.\r\n\f\r\n 7. You may place library facilities that are a work based on the\r\nLibrary side-by-side in a single library together with other library\r\nfacilities not covered by this License, and distribute such a combined\r\nlibrary, provided that the separate distribution of the work based on\r\nthe Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise\r\npermitted, and provided that you do these two things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work\r\n based on the Library, uncombined with any other library\r\n facilities. This must be distributed under the terms of the\r\n Sections above.\r\n\r\n b) Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact\r\n that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining\r\n where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.\r\n\r\n 8. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute\r\nthe Library except as expressly provided under this License. Any\r\nattempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or\r\ndistribute the Library is void, and will automatically terminate your\r\nrights under this License. However, parties who have received copies,\r\nor rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses\r\nterminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.\r\n\r\n 9. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not\r\nsigned it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or\r\ndistribute the Library or its derivative works. These actions are\r\nprohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by\r\nmodifying or distributing the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and\r\nall its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying\r\nthe Library or works based on it.\r\n\r\n 10. Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), the recipient automatically receives a license from the\r\noriginal licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the Library\r\nsubject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further\r\nrestrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.\r\nYou are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with\r\nthis License.\r\n\f\r\n 11. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent\r\ninfringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),\r\nconditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or\r\notherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not\r\nexcuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot\r\ndistribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this\r\nLicense and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you\r\nmay not distribute the Library at all. For example, if a patent\r\nlicense would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Library by\r\nall those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then\r\nthe only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to\r\nrefrain entirely from distribution of the Library.\r\n\r\nIf any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any\r\nparticular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply,\r\nand the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.\r\n\r\nIt is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any\r\npatents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any\r\nsuch claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the\r\nintegrity of the free software distribution system which is\r\nimplemented by public license practices. Many people have made\r\ngenerous contributions to the wide range of software distributed\r\nthrough that system in reliance on consistent application of that\r\nsystem; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing\r\nto distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot\r\nimpose that choice.\r\n\r\nThis section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to\r\nbe a consequence of the rest of this License.\r\n\r\n 12. If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in\r\ncertain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the\r\noriginal copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add\r\nan explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries,\r\nso that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus\r\nexcluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if\r\nwritten in the body of this License.\r\n\r\n 13. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new\r\nversions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time.\r\nSuch new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version,\r\nbut may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.\r\n\r\nEach version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library\r\nspecifies a version number of this License which applies to it and\r\n\"any later version\", you have the option of following the terms and\r\nconditions either of that version or of any later version published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation. If the Library does not specify a\r\nlicense version number, you may choose any version ever published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation.\r\n\f\r\n 14. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free\r\nprograms whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these,\r\nwrite to the author to ask for permission. For software which is\r\ncopyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free\r\nSoftware Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our\r\ndecision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status\r\nof all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing\r\nand reuse of software generally.\r\n\r\n NO WARRANTY\r\n\r\n 15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO\r\nWARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.\r\nEXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR\r\nOTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY \"AS IS\" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY\r\nKIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\r\nIMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR\r\nPURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE\r\nLIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME\r\nTHE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.\r\n\r\n 16. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN\r\nWRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY\r\nAND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU\r\nFOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR\r\nCONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE\r\nLIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING\r\nRENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A\r\nFAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF\r\nSUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH\r\nDAMAGES.\r\n\r\n END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS\r\n\r\n How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries\r\n\r\n If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest\r\npossible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that\r\neveryone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting\r\nredistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the\r\nordinary General Public License).\r\n\r\n To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is\r\nsafest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively\r\nconvey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the\r\n\"copyright\" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.\r\n\r\n <one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.>\r\n Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>\r\n\r\n This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\r\n modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either\r\n version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.\r\n\r\n This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\r\n but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\r\n MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "civil engineering" }, { "word": "data assimilation" }, { "word": "digital twins" }, { "word": "hydraulics" }, { "word": "hydrology" }, { "word": "kalman filtering" }, { "word": "modeling" }, { "word": "state estimation" }, { "word": "stormwater" }, { "word": "urban drainage systems" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-07-17T22:17:04+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-07-18T18:43:09+02:00", "date_published": "2020-07-18T18:43:09+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/d8ca6", "authors": [ { "pk": 135, "first_name": "Matthew", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bartos", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6121, "first_name": "Branko", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kerkez", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering" }, { "name": "Engineering" }, { "name": "Hydraulic Engineering" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "manuscript.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/74/download/135/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/pkbm6", "label": "Supplementary material" }, { "url": "https://zenodo.org/record/3950373", "label": "Public data" }, { "url": "https://github.com/mdbartos/pipedream", "label": "Public data" } ] }, { "pk": 75, "title": "Stress perturbations from hydrological and industrial loads and seismicity in the Salt Lake City region", "abstract": "The March 18, 2020 M5.7 Magna earthquake awakened people from decades of seismic quiescence in Salt Lake City, Utah. The event occurred just east of a mine tailings impoundment that receives ~60 million tons/yr of ore waste products since the early 1900s. Here we investigate elastic loading effects due to the anthropogenic mass transfer and various natural hydrological loads. We note a possible spatial correlation between earthquake clusters and Coulomb stress changes of tens of kPa due to the tailings loads. In contrast, long-term and seasonal stress changes from hydrological loads are only several kPa. A lack of statistically significant seasonality in seismicity suggests a weak control by cyclic hydrological loads. Anthropogenic loading rates of ~1 kPa/yr at seismogenic depths during recent decades may accelerate or decelerate event occurrences by several hundreds of years, mainly depending on the encompassing fault geometries.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [], "date_submitted": "2020-07-17T21:03:16+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-07-18T18:42:53+02:00", "date_published": "2020-07-18T18:42:53+02:00", "doi": "http://doi.org/10.1029/2021JB022362", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/2jh9v", "authors": [ { "pk": 136, "first_name": "Xie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hu", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6139, "first_name": "Xue", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Liang", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7853, "first_name": "Roland", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bürgmann", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8592, "first_name": "Yuning", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Fu", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9535, "first_name": "Teng", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wang", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Other Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Tailings_water_loads_SLC.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/75/download/136/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 76, "title": "Transgressive sills and lateral lava flows: On the visual observation of igneous sheets in rugged terrains and the optical illusion factor", "abstract": "Abstract\nTransgressive sills are of common occurrences in rift-related offshore and onshore sedimentary settings worldwide and have been reported in onshore volcanic settings in e.g. flood basalt provinces as well. General geometries of individual sills and of entire sill complexes too are well documented from seismic images in many offshore sedimentary settings of exploration interest, but limitations in seismic resolution may inhibit correct interpretations when it comes to small-scale structures and evidences on sill intrusion modes. Hence, relevant and important details and clues on intrusion mechanisms during emplacement of sheet intrusions, which may be unclear or missing in seismic images from offshore sedimentary basins, can to some degree be clarified by means of thorough visual examination and measurements on exposed onshore sills and sill complexes. In the actual study, relevant visual observations and measurements of the Streymoy Sill and its feeders in particular and to a lesser degree the Eysturoy Sill of the Faroe Islands, as well as some local lava flows, are scrutinised in order to demonstrate the importance of correct and detailed mapping, associated measurements and interpretations at exposed sill margins.\nThe actual study chiefly focuses on potential optical illusion factors, not uncommon for sheet intrusions in rugged mountainous terrain, and potential associated misinterpretations. It is shown that unless due care is taken in assuring that sub-horizontal visual observations from some distance in such terrains are duly accompanied by other observations in the sub-vertical and/or sub-lateral plane at other angles as well, i.e. proper 3-D considerations, noticeable errors could result, when it comes to interpretations on intrusion mechanisms and possible regional stresses that prevailed during emplacement of such sheet-like igneous bodies.", "license": { "name": "Academic Free License (AFL) 3.0", "short_name": "AFL 3.0", "text": "Academic Free License (\"AFL\") v. 3.0\r\nThis Academic Free License (the \"License\") applies to any original work of authorship (the \"Original Work\") whose owner (the \"Licensor\") has placed the following licensing notice adjacent to the copyright notice for the Original Work:\r\n\r\nLicensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0\r\n\r\n1) Grant of Copyright License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, for the duration of the copyright, to do the following:\r\n\r\na) to reproduce the Original Work in copies, either alone or as part of a collective work;\r\n\r\nb) to translate, adapt, alter, transform, modify, or arrange the Original Work, thereby creating derivative works (\"Derivative Works\") based upon the Original Work;\r\n\r\nc) to distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work and Derivative Works to the public, under any license of your choice that does not contradict the terms and conditions, including Licensor's reserved rights and remedies, in this Academic Free License;\r\n\r\nd) to perform the Original Work publicly; and\r\n\r\ne) to display the Original Work publicly.\r\n\r\n2) Grant of Patent License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, under patent claims owned or controlled by the Licensor that are embodied in the Original Work as furnished by the Licensor, for the duration of the patents, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, and import the Original Work and Derivative Works.\r\n\r\n3) Grant of Source Code License. The term \"Source Code\" means the preferred form of the Original Work for making modifications to it and all available documentation describing how to modify the Original Work. Licensor agrees to provide a machine-readable copy of the Source Code of the Original Work along with each copy of the Original Work that Licensor distributes. Licensor reserves the right to satisfy this obligation by placing a machine-readable copy of the Source Code in an information repository reasonably calculated to permit inexpensive and convenient access by You for as long as Licensor continues to distribute the Original Work.\r\n\r\n4) Exclusions From License Grant. Neither the names of Licensor, nor the names of any contributors to the Original Work, nor any of their trademarks or service marks, may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this Original Work without express prior permission of the Licensor. Except as expressly stated herein, nothing in this License grants any license to Licensor's trademarks, copyrights, patents, trade secrets or any other intellectual property. No patent license is granted to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, or import embodiments of any patent claims other than the licensed claims defined in Section 2. No license is granted to the trademarks of Licensor even if such marks are included in the Original Work. Nothing in this License shall be interpreted to prohibit Licensor from licensing under terms different from this License any Original Work that Licensor otherwise would have a right to license.\r\n\r\n5) External Deployment. The term \"External Deployment\" means the use, distribution, or communication of the Original Work or Derivative Works in any way such that the Original Work or Derivative Works may be used by anyone other than You, whether those works are distributed or communicated to those persons or made available as an application intended for use over a network. As an express condition for the grants of license hereunder, You must treat any External Deployment by You of the Original Work or a Derivative Work as a distribution under section 1(c).\r\n\r\n6) Attribution Rights. You must retain, in the Source Code of any Derivative Works that You create, all copyright, patent, or trademark notices from the Source Code of the Original Work, as well as any notices of licensing and any descriptive text identified therein as an \"Attribution Notice.\" You must cause the Source Code for any Derivative Works that You create to carry a prominent Attribution Notice reasonably calculated to inform recipients that You have modified the Original Work.\r\n\r\n7) Warranty of Provenance and Disclaimer of Warranty. Licensor warrants that the copyright in and to the Original Work and the patent rights granted herein by Licensor are owned by the Licensor or are sublicensed to You under the terms of this License with the permission of the contributor(s) of those copyrights and patent rights. Except as expressly stated in the immediately preceding sentence, the Original Work is provided under this License on an \"AS IS\" BASIS and WITHOUT WARRANTY, either express or implied, including, without limitation, the warranties of non-infringement, merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY OF THE ORIGINAL WORK IS WITH YOU. This DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY constitutes an essential part of this License. No license to the Original Work is granted by this License except under this disclaimer.\r\n\r\n8) Limitation of Liability. Under no circumstances and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, shall the Licensor be liable to anyone for any indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or the use of the Original Work including, without limitation, damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses. This limitation of liability shall not apply to the extent applicable law prohibits such limitation.\r\n\r\n9) Acceptance and Termination. If, at any time, You expressly assented to this License, that assent indicates your clear and irrevocable acceptance of this License and all of its terms and conditions. If You distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work or a Derivative Work, You must make a reasonable effort under the circumstances to obtain the express assent of recipients to the terms of this License. This License conditions your rights to undertake the activities listed in Section 1, including your right to create Derivative Works based upon the Original Work, and doing so without honoring these terms and conditions is prohibited by copyright law and international treaty. Nothing in this License is intended to affect copyright exceptions and limitations (including \"fair use\" or \"fair dealing\"). This License shall terminate immediately and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License upon your failure to honor the conditions in Section 1(c).\r\n\r\n10) Termination for Patent Action. This License shall terminate automatically and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License as of the date You commence an action, including a cross-claim or counterclaim, against Licensor or any licensee alleging that the Original Work infringes a patent. This termination provision shall not apply for an action alleging patent infringement by combinations of the Original Work with other software or hardware.\r\n\r\n11) Jurisdiction, Venue and Governing Law. Any action or suit relating to this License may be brought only in the courts of a jurisdiction wherein the Licensor resides or in which Licensor conducts its primary business, and under the laws of that jurisdiction excluding its conflict-of-law provisions. The application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is expressly excluded. Any use of the Original Work outside the scope of this License or after its termination shall be subject to the requirements and penalties of copyright or patent law in the appropriate jurisdiction. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n12) Attorneys' Fees. In any action to enforce the terms of this License or seeking damages relating thereto, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover its costs and expenses, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and costs incurred in connection with such action, including any appeal of such action. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n13) Miscellaneous. If any provision of this License is held to be unenforceable, such provision shall be reformed only to the extent necessary to make it enforceable.\r\n\r\n14) Definition of \"You\" in This License. \"You\" throughout this License, whether in upper or lower case, means an individual or a legal entity exercising rights under, and complying with all of the terms of, this License. For legal entities, \"You\" includes any entity that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with you. For purposes of this definition, \"control\" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.\r\n\r\n15) Right to Use. You may use the Original Work in all ways not otherwise restricted or conditioned by this License or by law, and Licensor promises not to interfere with or be responsible for such uses by You.\r\n\r\n16) Modification of This License. This License is Copyright © 2005 Lawrence Rosen. Permission is granted to copy, distribute, or communicate this License without modification. Nothing in this License permits You to modify this License as applied to the Original Work or to Derivative Works. However, You may modify the text of this License and copy, distribute or communicate your modified version (the \"Modified License\") and apply it to other original works of authorship subject to the following conditions: (i) You may not indicate in any way that your Modified License is the \"Academic Free License\" or \"AFL\" and you may not use those names in the name of your Modified License; (ii) You must replace the notice specified in the first paragraph above with the notice \"Licensed under <insert your license name here>\" or with a notice of your own that is not confusingly similar to the notice in this License; and (iii) You may not claim that your original works are open source software unless your Modified License has been approved by Open Source Initiative (OSI) and You comply with its license review and certification process.", "url": "http://opensource.org/licenses/AFL-3.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Faroe Islands; Basaltic rocks; Transgressive sills; Flood basalts; Sill Intrusion; Structural geology." } ], "date_submitted": "2020-07-17T15:20:38+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-07-22T18:30:49+02:00", "date_published": "2020-07-22T18:30:49+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/vjwsp", "authors": [ { "pk": 3608, "first_name": "Jogvan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hansen", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Hansen 2020 - Optical illusion PAPER (revision 1).pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/76/download/137/" }, { "original_filename": "Hansen 2020 - Optical illusion PAPER.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/76/download/138/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 77, "title": "Adopting deep learning methods for airborne RGB fluvial scene classification.", "abstract": "River environments are among the world’s most threatened ecosystems. Enabled by the rapid development of drone technology, hyperspatial resolution (<10 cm) images of fluvial scenes are now a common data source used to better understand these sensitive habitats. However, the task of image classification remains challenging for this type of imagery and the application of traditional classification algorithms such as maximum likelihood, still in common use among the river remote sensing community, yields unsatisfactory results. We explore the possibility that a classifier of river imagery based on deep learning methods can provide a significant improvement in our ability to classify fluvial scenes. We assemble a dataset composed of existing RGB images from 11 rivers in Canada, Italy, Japan, the UK, and Costa Rica. The images were labelled into 5 classes. In total, >5 billion pixels were labelled and partitioned for the tasks of training (1 billion pixels) and validation (4 billion pixels). We develop a novel supervised learning workflow based on the NASNet convolutional neural network (CNN) called ‘CNN-Supervised Classification’ (CSC). First, we compare the classification success of maximum likelihood, a multilayer perceptron, a random forest, and CSC. Results show F1 scores (a best-practice quality meter in machine learning) of 71%, 78%, 72% and 95%, respectively. Second, we train our classifier using data for 5 of 11 rivers. We then predict the validation data for all 11 rivers. For the 5 rivers that were used in model training, F1 scores reach 98%. For the 6 rivers not used in model training, F1 scores are 90%. We reach two conclusions. First, in the traditional workflow where images are classified one at a time, CSC delivers an unprecedented mix of labour savings and classification F1 scores above 95%. Second, deep learning can determine land-cover classifications (F1 = 90%) for rivers not used in training. This demonstrates the potential to train a generalised open-source deep learning model for airborne river surveys suitable for most rivers ‘out of the box’. Research efforts should now focus on further development of a new generation of deep learning classification tools that will encode human image interpretation abilities and allow for fully automated, potentially real-time, interpretation of riverine landscape images.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Deep learning" }, { "word": "Airborne hyperspatial imagery" }, { "word": "Rivers" }, { "word": "Semantic Classification" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-07-17T10:22:22+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-07-18T18:41:18+02:00", "date_published": "2020-07-18T18:41:18+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/74kdg", "authors": [ { "pk": 10065, "first_name": "Patrice", "middle_name": "Enrique", "last_name": "Carbonneau", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6175, "first_name": "Stephen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Dugdale", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7450, "first_name": "Toby", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Breckon", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 1527, "first_name": "James", "middle_name": "T.", "last_name": "Dietrich", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2432-5243" }, { "pk": 9554, "first_name": "Mark", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Fonstad", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10231, "first_name": "Hitoshi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Miyamoto", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10706, "first_name": "Amy", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Woodget", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Environmental Monitoring" }, { "name": "Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Carbonneau_etal_RSE_2020_EarthArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/77/download/139/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/p8yfb", "label": "Supplementary material" }, { "url": "https://collections.durham.ac.uk/files/r2j67313813", "label": "Public data" } ] }, { "pk": 78, "title": "An Eddy-Zonal Flow Feedback Model for Propagating Annular Modes", "abstract": "The variability of the zonal-mean large-scale extratropical circulation is often studied using individual modes obtained from empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analyses. The prevailing reduced-order model of the leading EOF (EOF1) of zonal-mean zonal wind, called the annular mode, consists of an eddy-mean flow interaction mechanism that results in a positive feedback of EOF1 onto itself. However, a few studies have pointed out that under some circumstances in observations and GCMs, strong couplings exist between EOF1 and EOF2 at some lag times, resulting in decaying-oscillatory, or propagating, annular modes. Here, we introduce a reduced-order model for coupled EOF1 and EOF2 that accounts for potential cross-EOF eddy-zonal flow feedbacks. Using the analytical solution of this model, we derive conditions for the existence of the propagating regime based on the feedback strengths. Using this model, and idealized GCMs and stochastic prototypes, we show that cross-EOF feedbacks play an important role in controlling the persistence of the annular modes by setting the frequency of the oscillation. We find that stronger cross-EOF feedbacks lead to less persistent annular modes. Applying the coupled-EOF model to the Southern Hemisphere reanalysis data shows the existence of strong cross-EOF feedbacks. The results highlight the importance of considering the coupling of EOFs and cross-EOF feedbacks to fully understand the natural and forced variability of the zonal-mean large-scale circulation.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public\r\nLicenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change\r\nfree software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.\r\n\r\n This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some\r\nspecially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the\r\nFree Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You\r\ncan use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether\r\nthis license or the ordinary General Public License is the better\r\nstrategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.\r\n\r\n When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,\r\nnot price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that\r\nyou have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge\r\nfor this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get\r\nit if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of\r\nit in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do\r\nthese things.\r\n\r\n To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid\r\ndistributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these\r\nrights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for\r\nyou if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.\r\n\r\n For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis\r\nor for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave\r\nyou. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source\r\ncode. If you link other code with the library, you must provide\r\ncomplete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them\r\nwith the library after making changes to the library and recompiling\r\nit. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.\r\n\r\n We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the\r\nlibrary, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal\r\npermission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.\r\n\r\n To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that\r\nthere is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is\r\nmodified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know\r\nthat what they have is not the original version, so that the original\r\nauthor's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be\r\nintroduced by others.\r\n\f\r\n Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of\r\nany free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot\r\neffectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a\r\nrestrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that\r\nany patent license obtained for a version of the library must be\r\nconsistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license.\r\n\r\n Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser\r\nGeneral Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and\r\nis quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use\r\nthis license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those\r\nlibraries into non-free programs.\r\n\r\n When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using\r\na shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a\r\ncombined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary\r\nGeneral Public License therefore permits such linking only if the\r\nentire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General\r\nPublic License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with\r\nthe library.\r\n\r\n We call this license the \"Lesser\" General Public License because it\r\ndoes Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General\r\nPublic License. It also provides other free software developers Less\r\nof an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages\r\nare the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many\r\nlibraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain\r\nspecial circumstances.\r\n\r\n For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to\r\nencourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes\r\na de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be\r\nallowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free\r\nlibrary does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this\r\ncase, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free\r\nsoftware only, so we use the Lesser General Public License.\r\n\r\n In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free\r\nprograms enables a greater number of people to use a large body of\r\nfree software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in\r\nnon-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU\r\noperating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating\r\nsystem.\r\n\r\n Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the\r\nusers' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is\r\nlinked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run\r\nthat program using a modified version of the Library.\r\n\r\n The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and\r\nmodification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a\r\n\"work based on the library\" and a \"work that uses the library\". The\r\nformer contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must\r\nbe combined with the library in order to run.\r\n\f\r\n GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION\r\n\r\n 0. This License Agreement applies to any software library or other\r\nprogram which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or\r\nother authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of\r\nthis Lesser General Public License (also called \"this License\").\r\nEach licensee is addressed as \"you\".\r\n\r\n A \"library\" means a collection of software functions and/or data\r\nprepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs\r\n(which use some of those functions and data) to form executables.\r\n\r\n The \"Library\", below, refers to any such software library or work\r\nwhich has been distributed under these terms. A \"work based on the\r\nLibrary\" means either the Library or any derivative work under\r\ncopyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a\r\nportion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated\r\nstraightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is\r\nincluded without limitation in the term \"modification\".)\r\n\r\n \"Source code\" for a work means the preferred form of the work for\r\nmaking modifications to it. For a library, complete source code means\r\nall the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated\r\ninterface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation\r\nand installation of the library.\r\n\r\n Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not\r\ncovered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of\r\nrunning a program using the Library is not restricted, and output from\r\nsuch a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based\r\non the Library (independent of the use of the Library in a tool for\r\nwriting it). Whether that is true depends on what the Library does\r\nand what the program that uses the Library does.\r\n\r\n 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's\r\ncomplete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that\r\nyou conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an\r\nappropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact\r\nall the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any\r\nwarranty; and distribute a copy of this License along with the\r\nLibrary.\r\n\r\n You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,\r\nand you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a\r\nfee.\r\n\f\r\n 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion\r\nof it, thus forming a work based on the Library, and copy and\r\ndistribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1\r\nabove, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:\r\n\r\n a) The modified work must itself be a software library.\r\n\r\n b) You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices\r\n stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.\r\n\r\n c) You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no\r\n charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.\r\n\r\n d) If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a\r\n table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses\r\n the facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility\r\n is invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that,\r\n in the event an application does not supply such function or\r\n table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of\r\n its purpose remains meaningful.\r\n\r\n (For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has\r\n a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the\r\n application. Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any\r\n application-supplied function or table used by this function must\r\n be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square\r\n root function must still compute square roots.)\r\n\r\nThese requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If\r\nidentifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library,\r\nand can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in\r\nthemselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those\r\nsections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you\r\ndistribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based\r\non the Library, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of\r\nthis License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the\r\nentire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote\r\nit.\r\n\r\nThus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest\r\nyour rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to\r\nexercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or\r\ncollective works based on the Library.\r\n\r\nIn addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library\r\nwith the Library (or with a work based on the Library) on a volume of\r\na storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under\r\nthe scope of this License.\r\n\r\n 3. You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public\r\nLicense instead of this License to a given copy of the Library. To do\r\nthis, you must alter all the notices that refer to this License, so\r\nthat they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License, version 2,\r\ninstead of to this License. (If a newer version than version 2 of the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License has appeared, then you can specify\r\nthat version instead if you wish.) Do not make any other change in\r\nthese notices.\r\n\f\r\n Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for\r\nthat copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all\r\nsubsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy.\r\n\r\n This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of\r\nthe Library into a program that is not a library.\r\n\r\n 4. You may copy and distribute the Library (or a portion or\r\nderivative of it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form\r\nunder the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany\r\nit with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which\r\nmust be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a\r\nmedium customarily used for software interchange.\r\n\r\n If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy\r\nfrom a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the\r\nsource code from the same place satisfies the requirement to\r\ndistribute the source code, even though third parties are not\r\ncompelled to copy the source along with the object code.\r\n\r\n 5. A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the\r\nLibrary, but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled or\r\nlinked with it, is called a \"work that uses the Library\". Such a\r\nwork, in isolation, is not a derivative work of the Library, and\r\ntherefore falls outside the scope of this License.\r\n\r\n However, linking a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library\r\ncreates an executable that is a derivative of the Library (because it\r\ncontains portions of the Library), rather than a \"work that uses the\r\nlibrary\". The executable is therefore covered by this License.\r\nSection 6 states terms for distribution of such executables.\r\n\r\n When a \"work that uses the Library\" uses material from a header file\r\nthat is part of the Library, the object code for the work may be a\r\nderivative work of the Library even though the source code is not.\r\nWhether this is true is especially significant if the work can be\r\nlinked without the Library, or if the work is itself a library. The\r\nthreshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law.\r\n\r\n If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data\r\nstructure layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline\r\nfunctions (ten lines or less in length), then the use of the object\r\nfile is unrestricted, regardless of whether it is legally a derivative\r\nwork. (Executables containing this object code plus portions of the\r\nLibrary will still fall under Section 6.)\r\n\r\n Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the Library, you may\r\ndistribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6.\r\nAny executables containing that work also fall under Section 6,\r\nwhether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself.\r\n\f\r\n 6. As an exception to the Sections above, you may also combine or\r\nlink a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library to produce a\r\nwork containing portions of the Library, and distribute that work\r\nunder terms of your choice, provided that the terms permit\r\nmodification of the work for the customer's own use and reverse\r\nengineering for debugging such modifications.\r\n\r\n You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the\r\nLibrary is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by\r\nthis License. You must supply a copy of this License. If the work\r\nduring execution displays copyright notices, you must include the\r\ncopyright notice for the Library among them, as well as a reference\r\ndirecting the user to the copy of this License. Also, you must do one\r\nof these things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the work with the complete corresponding\r\n machine-readable source code for the Library including whatever\r\n changes were used in the work (which must be distributed under\r\n Sections 1 and 2 above); and, if the work is an executable linked\r\n with the Library, with the complete machine-readable \"work that\r\n uses the Library\", as object code and/or source code, so that the\r\n user can modify the Library and then relink to produce a modified\r\n executable containing the modified Library. (It is understood\r\n that the user who changes the contents of definitions files in the\r\n Library will not necessarily be able to recompile the application\r\n to use the modified definitions.)\r\n\r\n b) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the\r\n Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (1) uses at run time a\r\n copy of the library already present on the user's computer system,\r\n rather than copying library functions into the executable, and (2)\r\n will operate properly with a modified version of the library, if\r\n the user installs one, as long as the modified version is\r\n interface-compatible with the version that the work was made with.\r\n\r\n c) Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at\r\n least three years, to give the same user the materials\r\n specified in Subsection 6a, above, for a charge no more\r\n than the cost of performing this distribution.\r\n\r\n d) If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy\r\n from a designated place, offer equivalent access to copy the above\r\n specified materials from the same place.\r\n\r\n e) Verify that the user has already received a copy of these\r\n materials or that you have already sent this user a copy.\r\n\r\n For an executable, the required form of the \"work that uses the\r\nLibrary\" must include any data and utility programs needed for\r\nreproducing the executable from it. However, as a special exception,\r\nthe materials to be distributed need not include anything that is\r\nnormally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major\r\ncomponents (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on\r\nwhich the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies\r\nthe executable.\r\n\r\n It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license\r\nrestrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally\r\naccompany the operating system. Such a contradiction means you cannot\r\nuse both them and the Library together in an executable that you\r\ndistribute.\r\n\f\r\n 7. You may place library facilities that are a work based on the\r\nLibrary side-by-side in a single library together with other library\r\nfacilities not covered by this License, and distribute such a combined\r\nlibrary, provided that the separate distribution of the work based on\r\nthe Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise\r\npermitted, and provided that you do these two things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work\r\n based on the Library, uncombined with any other library\r\n facilities. This must be distributed under the terms of the\r\n Sections above.\r\n\r\n b) Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact\r\n that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining\r\n where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.\r\n\r\n 8. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute\r\nthe Library except as expressly provided under this License. Any\r\nattempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or\r\ndistribute the Library is void, and will automatically terminate your\r\nrights under this License. However, parties who have received copies,\r\nor rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses\r\nterminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.\r\n\r\n 9. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not\r\nsigned it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or\r\ndistribute the Library or its derivative works. These actions are\r\nprohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by\r\nmodifying or distributing the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and\r\nall its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying\r\nthe Library or works based on it.\r\n\r\n 10. Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), the recipient automatically receives a license from the\r\noriginal licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the Library\r\nsubject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further\r\nrestrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.\r\nYou are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with\r\nthis License.\r\n\f\r\n 11. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent\r\ninfringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),\r\nconditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or\r\notherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not\r\nexcuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot\r\ndistribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this\r\nLicense and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you\r\nmay not distribute the Library at all. For example, if a patent\r\nlicense would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Library by\r\nall those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then\r\nthe only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to\r\nrefrain entirely from distribution of the Library.\r\n\r\nIf any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any\r\nparticular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply,\r\nand the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.\r\n\r\nIt is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any\r\npatents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any\r\nsuch claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the\r\nintegrity of the free software distribution system which is\r\nimplemented by public license practices. Many people have made\r\ngenerous contributions to the wide range of software distributed\r\nthrough that system in reliance on consistent application of that\r\nsystem; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing\r\nto distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot\r\nimpose that choice.\r\n\r\nThis section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to\r\nbe a consequence of the rest of this License.\r\n\r\n 12. If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in\r\ncertain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the\r\noriginal copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add\r\nan explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries,\r\nso that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus\r\nexcluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if\r\nwritten in the body of this License.\r\n\r\n 13. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new\r\nversions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time.\r\nSuch new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version,\r\nbut may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.\r\n\r\nEach version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library\r\nspecifies a version number of this License which applies to it and\r\n\"any later version\", you have the option of following the terms and\r\nconditions either of that version or of any later version published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation. If the Library does not specify a\r\nlicense version number, you may choose any version ever published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation.\r\n\f\r\n 14. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free\r\nprograms whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these,\r\nwrite to the author to ask for permission. For software which is\r\ncopyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free\r\nSoftware Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our\r\ndecision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status\r\nof all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing\r\nand reuse of software generally.\r\n\r\n NO WARRANTY\r\n\r\n 15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO\r\nWARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.\r\nEXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR\r\nOTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY \"AS IS\" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY\r\nKIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\r\nIMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR\r\nPURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE\r\nLIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME\r\nTHE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.\r\n\r\n 16. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN\r\nWRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY\r\nAND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU\r\nFOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR\r\nCONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE\r\nLIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING\r\nRENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A\r\nFAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF\r\nSUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH\r\nDAMAGES.\r\n\r\n END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS\r\n\r\n How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries\r\n\r\n If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest\r\npossible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that\r\neveryone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting\r\nredistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the\r\nordinary General Public License).\r\n\r\n To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is\r\nsafest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively\r\nconvey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the\r\n\"copyright\" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.\r\n\r\n <one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.>\r\n Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>\r\n\r\n This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\r\n modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either\r\n version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.\r\n\r\n This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\r\n but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\r\n MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Annular Modes" }, { "word": "Atmospheric Circulation" }, { "word": "Eddies" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-07-16T23:36:32+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-07-20T23:52:30+02:00", "date_published": "2020-07-20T23:52:30+02:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-20-0214.1", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/uxgr8", "authors": [ { "pk": 6071, "first_name": "Sandro", "middle_name": "W", "last_name": "Lubis", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0001-6615-9880" }, { "pk": 3988, "first_name": "Pedram", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hassanzadeh", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Atmospheric Sciences" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "jaspaper_final_v2_EarthArxiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/78/download/140/" }, { "original_filename": "jaspaper_final_v2.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/78/download/141/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 79, "title": "Contributions of paleoecology to Easter Island’s prehistory: a thorough review", "abstract": "Easter Island (Rapa Nui) is well known for the enigmas surrounding its unique megalithic statues, the moai, and the prehistoric (i.e., pre-European contact) Rapanui society that built them. These enigmas include, among others, the time of the island’s settlement, the geographical origin of the first settlers, the technology associated with moai transportation and emplacement, the occurrence (or not) of an ecological and cultural collapse linked to the island’s deforestation, and the potential influence of climatic shifts on ecological and cultural changes. Until recently, most explanations for prehistoric developments invoked anthropogenic causes, but the recent development of paleoecological studies has incorporated a new perspective in which climate change and climate-human synergies have gained momentum. This paper reviews all paleoecological studies published to date and their contribution to a better understanding of Easter Island’s prehistory, with a focus on four main aspects: (i) the discovery and settlement of the island, (ii) the occurrence of climatic changes, (iii) spatiotemporal deforestation patterns, and (iv) the relationship between environmental, ecological and cultural shifts. Paleoecological research on Easter Island has proceeded through three main phases: a pioneer phase (1977-1992), a transitional phase (1993-2004) and a revival phase (2005-2020). During the pioneer and transitional phases, the paradigm of a self-induced prehistoric socioecological collapse dominated the scene. However, new empirical evidence obtained during the revival phase highlighted the potential importance of climate change in prehistoric ecological and cultural developments. In addition, paleoecological records have provided novel insights into the initial discovery and occupation of Easter Island before Polynesian settlement. Paleoecological evidence has suggested or supported that (i) the island would have been discovered and sporadically/intermittently settled, possibly by Amerindian cultures, long before Polynesian colonization; (ii) climatic changes, especially centennial-scale droughts that occurred during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and the Little Ice Age (LIA), would have influenced ecological trends and cultural developments; (iii) deforestation was not a synchronous island-wide process but occurred at different times and at different rates according to the catchment considered; and (iv) both climatic and anthropogenic drivers, along with feedbacks between them, would have been responsible for the prehistoric socioecological developments on Easter Island. A general conclusion is that Easter Island’s prehistory is a complex issue that cannot be resolved using simplistic and deterministic approaches from isolated disciplines. Rather, uncovering this prehistory requires an integrated framework with contributions from complementary research fields such as anthropology, archaeology, ethnography, history and paleoecology, among others. This paper explains the potential contributions of paleoecology, in the hope that researchers in other disciplines will be able to incorporate the available paleoecological knowledge into their own studies.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "deforestation" }, { "word": "early settlement" }, { "word": "Easter Island" }, { "word": "last millennium" }, { "word": "paleoclimatology" }, { "word": "paleoecology" }, { "word": "Rapa Nui" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-07-16T10:04:29+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-07-22T08:05:02+02:00", "date_published": "2020-07-22T08:05:02+02:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106751", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/nf297", "authors": [ { "pk": 4038, "first_name": "Valentí", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rull", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology" }, { "name": "Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Life Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Plant Sciences" }, { "name": "Sustainability" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Paleoecology review 1.9 (formatted).pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/79/download/142/" }, { "original_filename": "Paleoecology review 1.9 (formatted).pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/79/download/143/" }, { "original_filename": "Paleoecology review 1.9 (formatted).docx", "mime_type": "application/msword", "download_url": "/repository/object/79/download/144/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 80, "title": "The Anthropozoic era revisited", "abstract": "This paper explains in some detail the poorly known proposal of Stoppani (1873) regarding the Anthropozoic era, whose beginning was defined by the first traces of human presence on Earth. This author set the stratigraphic bases for the definition of the “human era”, but the proposal had two main weaknesses: the dismissal of biological evolution and the lack of an absolute chronology. Further developments in radiometric/paleomagnetic dating and the elucidation of the main trends and timing of human evolution have provided the necessary information to update the original Anthropocene proposal in chronological terms, maintaining Stoppani’s original definition and stratigraphic markers. This updated proposal follows the rules of the International Stratigraphic Guide and situates the beginning of the Anthropozoic era at the beginning of the Quaternary, when the first human fossils, corresponding to the first species of the genus Homo, and their cultural manifestations have been identified and dated. Therefore, the new Anthropozoic era would follow the Cenozoic era, which ended with the Neogene period. Defined in this way, the Quaternary period and its Pleistocene and Holocene epochs would be situated in the new Anthropozoic era. The main advantages of the updated Anthropozoic proposal are discussed and compared with the Anthropocene proposal, which is currently in progress. It is suggested that the updated Anthropozoic proposal might be fully elaborated to evaluate whether it would be submitted to the International Commission on Stratigraphy and the International Union of Geological Sciences for its eventual formalization.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "absolute dating" }, { "word": "Anthropocene" }, { "word": "Anthropozoic" }, { "word": "Cenozoic" }, { "word": "formalization" }, { "word": "human era" }, { "word": "human evolution" }, { "word": "Quaternary" }, { "word": "stratigraphy" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-07-16T09:43:11+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-07-22T08:05:23+02:00", "date_published": "2020-07-22T08:05:23+02:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1111/let.12408", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/egq72", "authors": [ { "pk": 4038, "first_name": "Valentí", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rull", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Stratigraphy" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Anthropozoic 3.6.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/80/download/145/" }, { "original_filename": "Anthropozoic 3.6.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/80/download/146/" }, { "original_filename": "Anthropozoic 3.6.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/80/download/147/" }, { "original_filename": "Anthropozoic 3.4.docx", "mime_type": "application/msword", "download_url": "/repository/object/80/download/148/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 81, "title": "Principles of Shortening in Salt Basins Containing Isolated Minibasins", "abstract": "Shortening styles in salt-influenced basins can vary markedly, with the volume and distribution of salt prior to shortening being a key control. Here we use a suite of physical models to examine styles of thin-skinned regional shortening in settings where the pre-shortening structure comprised minibasins surrounded by salt (‘isolated-minibasin’ provinces). Our models show that the high volume of mechanically-weak salt localizes lateral regional shortening, with shortening inducing salt flow towards the foreland that subsequently contributes to three key processes - translation, tilting and rotation of minibasins. First, we demonstrate that the flowing salt pushes against minibasins, propelling them in the regional shortening direction. Minibasin translation is enhanced by fast-flowing salt streams and impeded by basal friction due to welding and base-salt buttresses. Second, we show how minibasin tilt directions and magnitudes vary spatially and temporally during regional shortening. Minibasins tilt away from zones of pressurized salt, the locations of which may shift due to changes in salt flow regimes. Tilt directions may also change as minibasins pivot on primary welds, or due to forces associated with minibasin collision. Third, minibasins can rotate around sub-vertical axes during regional shortening. We speculate that this rotation is caused by a combination of: i) traction imparted on the minibasin boundary by differential horizontal flow of adjacent salt; and ii) pivoting on primary and secondary welds. We synthesize our results in a series of 3-D conceptual models, before we compare and contrast regional shortening styles and processes in salt-influenced basins with different pre-shortening salt configurations. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the geometry and kinematics of shortened salt basins, as well as a deeper understanding of the tectono-stratigraphic evolution of minibasins.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "salt tectonics; minibasins; shortening; fold-and-thrust belts; welding; structural style" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-07-16T00:32:30+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-07-16T15:55:54+02:00", "date_published": "2020-07-16T15:55:54+02:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.12550", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/n59z4", "authors": [ { "pk": 5839, "first_name": "Oliver", "middle_name": "B.", "last_name": "Duffy", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 143, "first_name": "Timothy", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Dooley", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10126, "first_name": "Michael", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hudec", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 89810, "first_name": "Naiara", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Fernandez", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0002-1158-8730" }, { "pk": 1573, "first_name": "Christopher", "middle_name": "Aiden-Lee", "last_name": "Jackson", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": "0000-0002-8592-9032" }, { "pk": 145, "first_name": "Juan", "middle_name": "I.", "last_name": "Soto", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Tectonics and Structure" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "pre-print combined_Optimized.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/81/download/149/" }, { "original_filename": "Final preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/81/download/6777/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://figshare.com/account/articles/12659828", "label": "Public data" } ] }, { "pk": 82, "title": "Frequent Mass Movements from Glacial and Lahar Terraces, Controlled by Both Hillslope Characteristics and Fluvial Erosion, are an Important Sediment Source to Puget Sound Rivers", "abstract": "Mass movements from glacial and lahar terraces in the middle and lower reaches of rivers draining the Washington Cascade Range to Puget Sound may represent a substantial portion of those rivers’ sediment supply and pose significant mass movement hazards. However, the quantitative importance of this sediment source is unknown, and the magnitudes, spatial distribution, styles, and controls of these mass movements have only been characterized over limited spatial and temporal extents. We used repeat LiDAR elevation data, aerial imagery, and well logs to quantify and characterize terrace sediment delivery in nine major watersheds over a median period of 12 years. In the 1946 river kilometers for which repeat LiDAR was available (71% of the 2736 total river kilometers flanked by terraces), mass movements eroded 853,300 ± 19,500 m3/yr. This sediment source is low in river networks, well connected to streams, has a substantial coarse-grained and durable component, and is dominated by frequent, relatively small mass movements, all of which increase its significance to sedimentation in developed, lowland reaches. However, rates of terrace sediment delivery vary between basins and between adjacent terraces, which are stratigraphically laterally heterogeneous. While lateral fluvial erosion is usually necessary to initiate terrace mass movements, fluvial characteristics and terrace stratigraphy poorly predict erosion volume, which is better predicted by hillslope geometry and mass movement style. Effective management of sedimentation and mass movement hazard should acknowledge the importance of terrace sediment delivery and the variability between and within watersheds in sediment influx, sediment characteristics, and failure mechanisms.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public\r\nLicenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change\r\nfree software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.\r\n\r\n This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some\r\nspecially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the\r\nFree Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You\r\ncan use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether\r\nthis license or the ordinary General Public License is the better\r\nstrategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.\r\n\r\n When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,\r\nnot price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that\r\nyou have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge\r\nfor this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get\r\nit if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of\r\nit in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do\r\nthese things.\r\n\r\n To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid\r\ndistributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these\r\nrights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for\r\nyou if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.\r\n\r\n For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis\r\nor for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave\r\nyou. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source\r\ncode. If you link other code with the library, you must provide\r\ncomplete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them\r\nwith the library after making changes to the library and recompiling\r\nit. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.\r\n\r\n We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the\r\nlibrary, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal\r\npermission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.\r\n\r\n To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that\r\nthere is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is\r\nmodified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know\r\nthat what they have is not the original version, so that the original\r\nauthor's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be\r\nintroduced by others.\r\n\f\r\n Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of\r\nany free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot\r\neffectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a\r\nrestrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that\r\nany patent license obtained for a version of the library must be\r\nconsistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license.\r\n\r\n Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser\r\nGeneral Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and\r\nis quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use\r\nthis license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those\r\nlibraries into non-free programs.\r\n\r\n When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using\r\na shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a\r\ncombined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary\r\nGeneral Public License therefore permits such linking only if the\r\nentire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General\r\nPublic License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with\r\nthe library.\r\n\r\n We call this license the \"Lesser\" General Public License because it\r\ndoes Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General\r\nPublic License. It also provides other free software developers Less\r\nof an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages\r\nare the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many\r\nlibraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain\r\nspecial circumstances.\r\n\r\n For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to\r\nencourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes\r\na de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be\r\nallowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free\r\nlibrary does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this\r\ncase, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free\r\nsoftware only, so we use the Lesser General Public License.\r\n\r\n In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free\r\nprograms enables a greater number of people to use a large body of\r\nfree software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in\r\nnon-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU\r\noperating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating\r\nsystem.\r\n\r\n Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the\r\nusers' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is\r\nlinked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run\r\nthat program using a modified version of the Library.\r\n\r\n The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and\r\nmodification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a\r\n\"work based on the library\" and a \"work that uses the library\". The\r\nformer contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must\r\nbe combined with the library in order to run.\r\n\f\r\n GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION\r\n\r\n 0. This License Agreement applies to any software library or other\r\nprogram which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or\r\nother authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of\r\nthis Lesser General Public License (also called \"this License\").\r\nEach licensee is addressed as \"you\".\r\n\r\n A \"library\" means a collection of software functions and/or data\r\nprepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs\r\n(which use some of those functions and data) to form executables.\r\n\r\n The \"Library\", below, refers to any such software library or work\r\nwhich has been distributed under these terms. A \"work based on the\r\nLibrary\" means either the Library or any derivative work under\r\ncopyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a\r\nportion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated\r\nstraightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is\r\nincluded without limitation in the term \"modification\".)\r\n\r\n \"Source code\" for a work means the preferred form of the work for\r\nmaking modifications to it. For a library, complete source code means\r\nall the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated\r\ninterface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation\r\nand installation of the library.\r\n\r\n Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not\r\ncovered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of\r\nrunning a program using the Library is not restricted, and output from\r\nsuch a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based\r\non the Library (independent of the use of the Library in a tool for\r\nwriting it). Whether that is true depends on what the Library does\r\nand what the program that uses the Library does.\r\n\r\n 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's\r\ncomplete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that\r\nyou conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an\r\nappropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact\r\nall the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any\r\nwarranty; and distribute a copy of this License along with the\r\nLibrary.\r\n\r\n You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,\r\nand you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a\r\nfee.\r\n\f\r\n 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion\r\nof it, thus forming a work based on the Library, and copy and\r\ndistribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1\r\nabove, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:\r\n\r\n a) The modified work must itself be a software library.\r\n\r\n b) You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices\r\n stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.\r\n\r\n c) You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no\r\n charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.\r\n\r\n d) If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a\r\n table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses\r\n the facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility\r\n is invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that,\r\n in the event an application does not supply such function or\r\n table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of\r\n its purpose remains meaningful.\r\n\r\n (For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has\r\n a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the\r\n application. Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any\r\n application-supplied function or table used by this function must\r\n be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square\r\n root function must still compute square roots.)\r\n\r\nThese requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If\r\nidentifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library,\r\nand can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in\r\nthemselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those\r\nsections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you\r\ndistribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based\r\non the Library, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of\r\nthis License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the\r\nentire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote\r\nit.\r\n\r\nThus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest\r\nyour rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to\r\nexercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or\r\ncollective works based on the Library.\r\n\r\nIn addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library\r\nwith the Library (or with a work based on the Library) on a volume of\r\na storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under\r\nthe scope of this License.\r\n\r\n 3. You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public\r\nLicense instead of this License to a given copy of the Library. To do\r\nthis, you must alter all the notices that refer to this License, so\r\nthat they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License, version 2,\r\ninstead of to this License. (If a newer version than version 2 of the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License has appeared, then you can specify\r\nthat version instead if you wish.) Do not make any other change in\r\nthese notices.\r\n\f\r\n Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for\r\nthat copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all\r\nsubsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy.\r\n\r\n This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of\r\nthe Library into a program that is not a library.\r\n\r\n 4. You may copy and distribute the Library (or a portion or\r\nderivative of it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form\r\nunder the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany\r\nit with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which\r\nmust be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a\r\nmedium customarily used for software interchange.\r\n\r\n If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy\r\nfrom a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the\r\nsource code from the same place satisfies the requirement to\r\ndistribute the source code, even though third parties are not\r\ncompelled to copy the source along with the object code.\r\n\r\n 5. A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the\r\nLibrary, but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled or\r\nlinked with it, is called a \"work that uses the Library\". Such a\r\nwork, in isolation, is not a derivative work of the Library, and\r\ntherefore falls outside the scope of this License.\r\n\r\n However, linking a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library\r\ncreates an executable that is a derivative of the Library (because it\r\ncontains portions of the Library), rather than a \"work that uses the\r\nlibrary\". The executable is therefore covered by this License.\r\nSection 6 states terms for distribution of such executables.\r\n\r\n When a \"work that uses the Library\" uses material from a header file\r\nthat is part of the Library, the object code for the work may be a\r\nderivative work of the Library even though the source code is not.\r\nWhether this is true is especially significant if the work can be\r\nlinked without the Library, or if the work is itself a library. The\r\nthreshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law.\r\n\r\n If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data\r\nstructure layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline\r\nfunctions (ten lines or less in length), then the use of the object\r\nfile is unrestricted, regardless of whether it is legally a derivative\r\nwork. (Executables containing this object code plus portions of the\r\nLibrary will still fall under Section 6.)\r\n\r\n Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the Library, you may\r\ndistribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6.\r\nAny executables containing that work also fall under Section 6,\r\nwhether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself.\r\n\f\r\n 6. As an exception to the Sections above, you may also combine or\r\nlink a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library to produce a\r\nwork containing portions of the Library, and distribute that work\r\nunder terms of your choice, provided that the terms permit\r\nmodification of the work for the customer's own use and reverse\r\nengineering for debugging such modifications.\r\n\r\n You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the\r\nLibrary is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by\r\nthis License. You must supply a copy of this License. If the work\r\nduring execution displays copyright notices, you must include the\r\ncopyright notice for the Library among them, as well as a reference\r\ndirecting the user to the copy of this License. Also, you must do one\r\nof these things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the work with the complete corresponding\r\n machine-readable source code for the Library including whatever\r\n changes were used in the work (which must be distributed under\r\n Sections 1 and 2 above); and, if the work is an executable linked\r\n with the Library, with the complete machine-readable \"work that\r\n uses the Library\", as object code and/or source code, so that the\r\n user can modify the Library and then relink to produce a modified\r\n executable containing the modified Library. (It is understood\r\n that the user who changes the contents of definitions files in the\r\n Library will not necessarily be able to recompile the application\r\n to use the modified definitions.)\r\n\r\n b) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the\r\n Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (1) uses at run time a\r\n copy of the library already present on the user's computer system,\r\n rather than copying library functions into the executable, and (2)\r\n will operate properly with a modified version of the library, if\r\n the user installs one, as long as the modified version is\r\n interface-compatible with the version that the work was made with.\r\n\r\n c) Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at\r\n least three years, to give the same user the materials\r\n specified in Subsection 6a, above, for a charge no more\r\n than the cost of performing this distribution.\r\n\r\n d) If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy\r\n from a designated place, offer equivalent access to copy the above\r\n specified materials from the same place.\r\n\r\n e) Verify that the user has already received a copy of these\r\n materials or that you have already sent this user a copy.\r\n\r\n For an executable, the required form of the \"work that uses the\r\nLibrary\" must include any data and utility programs needed for\r\nreproducing the executable from it. However, as a special exception,\r\nthe materials to be distributed need not include anything that is\r\nnormally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major\r\ncomponents (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on\r\nwhich the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies\r\nthe executable.\r\n\r\n It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license\r\nrestrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally\r\naccompany the operating system. Such a contradiction means you cannot\r\nuse both them and the Library together in an executable that you\r\ndistribute.\r\n\f\r\n 7. You may place library facilities that are a work based on the\r\nLibrary side-by-side in a single library together with other library\r\nfacilities not covered by this License, and distribute such a combined\r\nlibrary, provided that the separate distribution of the work based on\r\nthe Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise\r\npermitted, and provided that you do these two things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work\r\n based on the Library, uncombined with any other library\r\n facilities. This must be distributed under the terms of the\r\n Sections above.\r\n\r\n b) Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact\r\n that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining\r\n where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.\r\n\r\n 8. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute\r\nthe Library except as expressly provided under this License. Any\r\nattempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or\r\ndistribute the Library is void, and will automatically terminate your\r\nrights under this License. However, parties who have received copies,\r\nor rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses\r\nterminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.\r\n\r\n 9. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not\r\nsigned it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or\r\ndistribute the Library or its derivative works. These actions are\r\nprohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by\r\nmodifying or distributing the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and\r\nall its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying\r\nthe Library or works based on it.\r\n\r\n 10. Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), the recipient automatically receives a license from the\r\noriginal licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the Library\r\nsubject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further\r\nrestrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.\r\nYou are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with\r\nthis License.\r\n\f\r\n 11. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent\r\ninfringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),\r\nconditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or\r\notherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not\r\nexcuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot\r\ndistribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this\r\nLicense and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you\r\nmay not distribute the Library at all. For example, if a patent\r\nlicense would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Library by\r\nall those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then\r\nthe only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to\r\nrefrain entirely from distribution of the Library.\r\n\r\nIf any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any\r\nparticular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply,\r\nand the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.\r\n\r\nIt is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any\r\npatents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any\r\nsuch claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the\r\nintegrity of the free software distribution system which is\r\nimplemented by public license practices. Many people have made\r\ngenerous contributions to the wide range of software distributed\r\nthrough that system in reliance on consistent application of that\r\nsystem; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing\r\nto distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot\r\nimpose that choice.\r\n\r\nThis section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to\r\nbe a consequence of the rest of this License.\r\n\r\n 12. If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in\r\ncertain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the\r\noriginal copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add\r\nan explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries,\r\nso that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus\r\nexcluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if\r\nwritten in the body of this License.\r\n\r\n 13. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new\r\nversions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time.\r\nSuch new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version,\r\nbut may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.\r\n\r\nEach version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library\r\nspecifies a version number of this License which applies to it and\r\n\"any later version\", you have the option of following the terms and\r\nconditions either of that version or of any later version published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation. If the Library does not specify a\r\nlicense version number, you may choose any version ever published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation.\r\n\f\r\n 14. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free\r\nprograms whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these,\r\nwrite to the author to ask for permission. For software which is\r\ncopyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free\r\nSoftware Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our\r\ndecision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status\r\nof all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing\r\nand reuse of software generally.\r\n\r\n NO WARRANTY\r\n\r\n 15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO\r\nWARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.\r\nEXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR\r\nOTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY \"AS IS\" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY\r\nKIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\r\nIMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR\r\nPURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE\r\nLIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME\r\nTHE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.\r\n\r\n 16. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN\r\nWRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY\r\nAND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU\r\nFOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR\r\nCONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE\r\nLIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING\r\nRENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A\r\nFAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF\r\nSUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH\r\nDAMAGES.\r\n\r\n END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS\r\n\r\n How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries\r\n\r\n If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest\r\npossible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that\r\neveryone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting\r\nredistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the\r\nordinary General Public License).\r\n\r\n To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is\r\nsafest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively\r\nconvey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the\r\n\"copyright\" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.\r\n\r\n <one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.>\r\n Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>\r\n\r\n This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\r\n modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either\r\n version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.\r\n\r\n This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\r\n but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\r\n MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [], "date_submitted": "2020-07-15T22:21:45+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-07-16T15:54:47+02:00", "date_published": "2020-07-16T15:54:47+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/3mkzv", "authors": [ { "pk": 3748, "first_name": "Daniel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Scott", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6268, "first_name": "Brian", "middle_name": "D.", "last_name": "Collins", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geomorphology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Scott_Collins_ms_EarthArxiv_submission.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/82/download/150/" }, { "original_filename": "Scott_Collins_ms_EarthArxiv_submission.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/82/download/151/" }, { "original_filename": "Scott_Collins_ms_EarthArxiv_submission.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/82/download/4549/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/8v2sz", "label": "Supplementary material" }, { "url": "https://osf.io/8v2sz/?view_only=a76b212bd8324f178a16ee9e2bdfd612", "label": "Public data" } ] }, { "pk": 2838, "title": "Non-linear multiphase flow in hydrophobic porous media", "abstract": "Multiphase flow in porous materials is conventionally described by an empirical extension to Darcy’s law which assumes that the pressure gradient is proportional to flow rate. Through a series of two-phase flow experiments, we demonstrate that even when capillary forces are dominant at the pore scale, there is a non-linear intermittent flow regime with a power-law dependence between pressure gradient and flow rate. Energy balance is used to predict accurately the start of the intermittent regime in hydrophobic porous media. The pore-scale explanation of the behaviour based on the periodic filling of critical flow pathways is confirmed through 3D micron-resolution X-ray imaging.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "multiphase flow" }, { "word": "porous media" }, { "word": "non-linear flow" }, { "word": "intermittent flow" }, { "word": "energy balance" } ], "date_submitted": "2021-11-08T22:52:00.623000+01:00", "date_accepted": "2021-11-08T23:13:12.477000+01:00", "date_published": "2021-11-08T15:13:00+01:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5V63C", "authors": [ { "pk": 4728, "first_name": "Yihuai", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zhang", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0001-5471-3450" }, { "pk": 12103, "first_name": "Branko", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bijeljic", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10996, "first_name": "Martin", "middle_name": "J", "last_name": "Blunt", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0002-8725-0250" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Engineering" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "EarthArXiv_ multiphase flow_yihuai.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/2838/download/5772/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 83, "title": "Rapid heat discharge during deep-sea eruptions generates megaplumes and disperses tephra", "abstract": "Deep-marine volcanism drives Earth’s most energetic transfers of heat and mass between the crust and the oceans. Seafloor magmatic activity has been correlated in time with the appearance of massive enigmatic plumes of hydrothermal fluid, known as megaplumes, yet little is known of the primary source and intensity of the hydrothermal energy release that occurs during seafloor volcanic events. Consequently the origin of megaplumes remains ambiguous. By developing a model for the dispersal of submarine tephras, we show that the transport of pyroclasts requires an extremely rapid energy discharge, forming a hydrothermal plume with characteristics matching those of megaplumes. Our results show that megaplume formation, which we predict can occur in a matter of hours, is concurrent with lava extrusion. However, the predicted release rate of heat energy considerably exceeds that available from lava alone, giving evidence that syn-eruptive discharges of heated crustal fluids provide the dominant source of megaplume energy. The ubiquity of submarine tephra deposits suggests that powerful (∼1 TW) intervals of hydrothermal dis-charge must be commonplace during eruptions in the deep-ocean.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "hydrothermal activity" }, { "word": "submarine volcanism" }, { "word": "volcanic plumes" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-07-15T14:27:53+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-07-16T15:54:30+02:00", "date_published": "2020-07-16T15:54:30+02:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22439-y", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/hy9ej", "authors": [ { "pk": 7946, "first_name": "Samuel", "middle_name": "S", "last_name": "Pegler", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0001-8373-2693" }, { "pk": 2473, "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ferguson", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Fluid Dynamics" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Oceanography" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Other Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Physics" }, { "name": "Volcanology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Pegler&Ferguson2020EarthArxiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/83/download/152/" }, { "original_filename": "Pegler&Ferguson2020EarthArxiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/83/download/153/" }, { "original_filename": "Pegler&Ferguson2020EarthArxiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/83/download/154/" }, { "original_filename": "Pegler and Ferguson.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/83/download/4131/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 84, "title": "Whats down there? The structures, materials and environment of deep-seated tremor and slip", "abstract": "Episodic tremor and slow slip (ETS) events occur downdip of the seismogenic zone of numerous subduction megathrusts and plate boundary strike-slip faults. These events represent a fascinating and perplexing mode of fault failure that has greatly broadened our view of earthquake dynamics. In this contribution, we review constraints on the\nETS deformation process from both geophysical observations of active subduction zones and geological observations of exhumed field analogs. We first provide an overview of what has been learned about the environment, kinematics and dynamics of ETS from geodetic and seismologic data. We then describe the materials, deformation mechanisms, and metamorphic and fluid pressure conditions that characterize exhumed rocks from ETS source depths. Both the geophysical and geological records strongly suggest the importance of a fluid-rich and high fluid pressure habitat for the ETS source region. Additionally, transient deformation features preserved in the rock record, involving combined frictional-viscous shear in regions of mixed lithology and near-lithostatic fluid pressures, may scale with the tremor component of ETS events. While several open questions remain, it is clear that improved constraints on the materials, environment, structure, and conditions of the plate interface from geophysical imaging and geologic observations will enhance model representations of the boundary conditions and geometry of the ETS system.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public\r\nLicenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change\r\nfree software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.\r\n\r\n This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some\r\nspecially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the\r\nFree Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You\r\ncan use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether\r\nthis license or the ordinary General Public License is the better\r\nstrategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.\r\n\r\n When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,\r\nnot price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that\r\nyou have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge\r\nfor this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get\r\nit if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of\r\nit in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do\r\nthese things.\r\n\r\n To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid\r\ndistributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these\r\nrights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for\r\nyou if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.\r\n\r\n For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis\r\nor for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave\r\nyou. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source\r\ncode. If you link other code with the library, you must provide\r\ncomplete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them\r\nwith the library after making changes to the library and recompiling\r\nit. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.\r\n\r\n We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the\r\nlibrary, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal\r\npermission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.\r\n\r\n To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that\r\nthere is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is\r\nmodified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know\r\nthat what they have is not the original version, so that the original\r\nauthor's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be\r\nintroduced by others.\r\n\f\r\n Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of\r\nany free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot\r\neffectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a\r\nrestrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that\r\nany patent license obtained for a version of the library must be\r\nconsistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license.\r\n\r\n Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser\r\nGeneral Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and\r\nis quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use\r\nthis license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those\r\nlibraries into non-free programs.\r\n\r\n When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using\r\na shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a\r\ncombined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary\r\nGeneral Public License therefore permits such linking only if the\r\nentire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General\r\nPublic License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with\r\nthe library.\r\n\r\n We call this license the \"Lesser\" General Public License because it\r\ndoes Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General\r\nPublic License. It also provides other free software developers Less\r\nof an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages\r\nare the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many\r\nlibraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain\r\nspecial circumstances.\r\n\r\n For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to\r\nencourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes\r\na de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be\r\nallowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free\r\nlibrary does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this\r\ncase, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free\r\nsoftware only, so we use the Lesser General Public License.\r\n\r\n In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free\r\nprograms enables a greater number of people to use a large body of\r\nfree software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in\r\nnon-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU\r\noperating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating\r\nsystem.\r\n\r\n Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the\r\nusers' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is\r\nlinked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run\r\nthat program using a modified version of the Library.\r\n\r\n The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and\r\nmodification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a\r\n\"work based on the library\" and a \"work that uses the library\". The\r\nformer contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must\r\nbe combined with the library in order to run.\r\n\f\r\n GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION\r\n\r\n 0. This License Agreement applies to any software library or other\r\nprogram which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or\r\nother authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of\r\nthis Lesser General Public License (also called \"this License\").\r\nEach licensee is addressed as \"you\".\r\n\r\n A \"library\" means a collection of software functions and/or data\r\nprepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs\r\n(which use some of those functions and data) to form executables.\r\n\r\n The \"Library\", below, refers to any such software library or work\r\nwhich has been distributed under these terms. A \"work based on the\r\nLibrary\" means either the Library or any derivative work under\r\ncopyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a\r\nportion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated\r\nstraightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is\r\nincluded without limitation in the term \"modification\".)\r\n\r\n \"Source code\" for a work means the preferred form of the work for\r\nmaking modifications to it. For a library, complete source code means\r\nall the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated\r\ninterface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation\r\nand installation of the library.\r\n\r\n Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not\r\ncovered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of\r\nrunning a program using the Library is not restricted, and output from\r\nsuch a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based\r\non the Library (independent of the use of the Library in a tool for\r\nwriting it). Whether that is true depends on what the Library does\r\nand what the program that uses the Library does.\r\n\r\n 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's\r\ncomplete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that\r\nyou conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an\r\nappropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact\r\nall the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any\r\nwarranty; and distribute a copy of this License along with the\r\nLibrary.\r\n\r\n You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,\r\nand you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a\r\nfee.\r\n\f\r\n 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion\r\nof it, thus forming a work based on the Library, and copy and\r\ndistribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1\r\nabove, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:\r\n\r\n a) The modified work must itself be a software library.\r\n\r\n b) You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices\r\n stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.\r\n\r\n c) You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no\r\n charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.\r\n\r\n d) If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a\r\n table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses\r\n the facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility\r\n is invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that,\r\n in the event an application does not supply such function or\r\n table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of\r\n its purpose remains meaningful.\r\n\r\n (For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has\r\n a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the\r\n application. Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any\r\n application-supplied function or table used by this function must\r\n be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square\r\n root function must still compute square roots.)\r\n\r\nThese requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If\r\nidentifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library,\r\nand can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in\r\nthemselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those\r\nsections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you\r\ndistribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based\r\non the Library, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of\r\nthis License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the\r\nentire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote\r\nit.\r\n\r\nThus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest\r\nyour rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to\r\nexercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or\r\ncollective works based on the Library.\r\n\r\nIn addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library\r\nwith the Library (or with a work based on the Library) on a volume of\r\na storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under\r\nthe scope of this License.\r\n\r\n 3. You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public\r\nLicense instead of this License to a given copy of the Library. To do\r\nthis, you must alter all the notices that refer to this License, so\r\nthat they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License, version 2,\r\ninstead of to this License. (If a newer version than version 2 of the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License has appeared, then you can specify\r\nthat version instead if you wish.) Do not make any other change in\r\nthese notices.\r\n\f\r\n Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for\r\nthat copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all\r\nsubsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy.\r\n\r\n This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of\r\nthe Library into a program that is not a library.\r\n\r\n 4. You may copy and distribute the Library (or a portion or\r\nderivative of it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form\r\nunder the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany\r\nit with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which\r\nmust be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a\r\nmedium customarily used for software interchange.\r\n\r\n If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy\r\nfrom a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the\r\nsource code from the same place satisfies the requirement to\r\ndistribute the source code, even though third parties are not\r\ncompelled to copy the source along with the object code.\r\n\r\n 5. A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the\r\nLibrary, but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled or\r\nlinked with it, is called a \"work that uses the Library\". Such a\r\nwork, in isolation, is not a derivative work of the Library, and\r\ntherefore falls outside the scope of this License.\r\n\r\n However, linking a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library\r\ncreates an executable that is a derivative of the Library (because it\r\ncontains portions of the Library), rather than a \"work that uses the\r\nlibrary\". The executable is therefore covered by this License.\r\nSection 6 states terms for distribution of such executables.\r\n\r\n When a \"work that uses the Library\" uses material from a header file\r\nthat is part of the Library, the object code for the work may be a\r\nderivative work of the Library even though the source code is not.\r\nWhether this is true is especially significant if the work can be\r\nlinked without the Library, or if the work is itself a library. The\r\nthreshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law.\r\n\r\n If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data\r\nstructure layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline\r\nfunctions (ten lines or less in length), then the use of the object\r\nfile is unrestricted, regardless of whether it is legally a derivative\r\nwork. (Executables containing this object code plus portions of the\r\nLibrary will still fall under Section 6.)\r\n\r\n Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the Library, you may\r\ndistribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6.\r\nAny executables containing that work also fall under Section 6,\r\nwhether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself.\r\n\f\r\n 6. As an exception to the Sections above, you may also combine or\r\nlink a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library to produce a\r\nwork containing portions of the Library, and distribute that work\r\nunder terms of your choice, provided that the terms permit\r\nmodification of the work for the customer's own use and reverse\r\nengineering for debugging such modifications.\r\n\r\n You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the\r\nLibrary is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by\r\nthis License. You must supply a copy of this License. If the work\r\nduring execution displays copyright notices, you must include the\r\ncopyright notice for the Library among them, as well as a reference\r\ndirecting the user to the copy of this License. Also, you must do one\r\nof these things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the work with the complete corresponding\r\n machine-readable source code for the Library including whatever\r\n changes were used in the work (which must be distributed under\r\n Sections 1 and 2 above); and, if the work is an executable linked\r\n with the Library, with the complete machine-readable \"work that\r\n uses the Library\", as object code and/or source code, so that the\r\n user can modify the Library and then relink to produce a modified\r\n executable containing the modified Library. (It is understood\r\n that the user who changes the contents of definitions files in the\r\n Library will not necessarily be able to recompile the application\r\n to use the modified definitions.)\r\n\r\n b) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the\r\n Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (1) uses at run time a\r\n copy of the library already present on the user's computer system,\r\n rather than copying library functions into the executable, and (2)\r\n will operate properly with a modified version of the library, if\r\n the user installs one, as long as the modified version is\r\n interface-compatible with the version that the work was made with.\r\n\r\n c) Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at\r\n least three years, to give the same user the materials\r\n specified in Subsection 6a, above, for a charge no more\r\n than the cost of performing this distribution.\r\n\r\n d) If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy\r\n from a designated place, offer equivalent access to copy the above\r\n specified materials from the same place.\r\n\r\n e) Verify that the user has already received a copy of these\r\n materials or that you have already sent this user a copy.\r\n\r\n For an executable, the required form of the \"work that uses the\r\nLibrary\" must include any data and utility programs needed for\r\nreproducing the executable from it. However, as a special exception,\r\nthe materials to be distributed need not include anything that is\r\nnormally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major\r\ncomponents (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on\r\nwhich the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies\r\nthe executable.\r\n\r\n It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license\r\nrestrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally\r\naccompany the operating system. Such a contradiction means you cannot\r\nuse both them and the Library together in an executable that you\r\ndistribute.\r\n\f\r\n 7. You may place library facilities that are a work based on the\r\nLibrary side-by-side in a single library together with other library\r\nfacilities not covered by this License, and distribute such a combined\r\nlibrary, provided that the separate distribution of the work based on\r\nthe Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise\r\npermitted, and provided that you do these two things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work\r\n based on the Library, uncombined with any other library\r\n facilities. This must be distributed under the terms of the\r\n Sections above.\r\n\r\n b) Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact\r\n that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining\r\n where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.\r\n\r\n 8. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute\r\nthe Library except as expressly provided under this License. Any\r\nattempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or\r\ndistribute the Library is void, and will automatically terminate your\r\nrights under this License. However, parties who have received copies,\r\nor rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses\r\nterminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.\r\n\r\n 9. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not\r\nsigned it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or\r\ndistribute the Library or its derivative works. These actions are\r\nprohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by\r\nmodifying or distributing the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and\r\nall its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying\r\nthe Library or works based on it.\r\n\r\n 10. Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), the recipient automatically receives a license from the\r\noriginal licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the Library\r\nsubject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further\r\nrestrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.\r\nYou are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with\r\nthis License.\r\n\f\r\n 11. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent\r\ninfringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),\r\nconditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or\r\notherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not\r\nexcuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot\r\ndistribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this\r\nLicense and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you\r\nmay not distribute the Library at all. For example, if a patent\r\nlicense would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Library by\r\nall those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then\r\nthe only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to\r\nrefrain entirely from distribution of the Library.\r\n\r\nIf any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any\r\nparticular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply,\r\nand the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.\r\n\r\nIt is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any\r\npatents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any\r\nsuch claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the\r\nintegrity of the free software distribution system which is\r\nimplemented by public license practices. Many people have made\r\ngenerous contributions to the wide range of software distributed\r\nthrough that system in reliance on consistent application of that\r\nsystem; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing\r\nto distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot\r\nimpose that choice.\r\n\r\nThis section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to\r\nbe a consequence of the rest of this License.\r\n\r\n 12. If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in\r\ncertain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the\r\noriginal copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add\r\nan explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries,\r\nso that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus\r\nexcluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if\r\nwritten in the body of this License.\r\n\r\n 13. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new\r\nversions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time.\r\nSuch new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version,\r\nbut may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.\r\n\r\nEach version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library\r\nspecifies a version number of this License which applies to it and\r\n\"any later version\", you have the option of following the terms and\r\nconditions either of that version or of any later version published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation. If the Library does not specify a\r\nlicense version number, you may choose any version ever published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation.\r\n\f\r\n 14. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free\r\nprograms whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these,\r\nwrite to the author to ask for permission. For software which is\r\ncopyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free\r\nSoftware Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our\r\ndecision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status\r\nof all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing\r\nand reuse of software generally.\r\n\r\n NO WARRANTY\r\n\r\n 15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO\r\nWARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.\r\nEXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR\r\nOTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY \"AS IS\" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY\r\nKIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\r\nIMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR\r\nPURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE\r\nLIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME\r\nTHE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.\r\n\r\n 16. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN\r\nWRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY\r\nAND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU\r\nFOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR\r\nCONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE\r\nLIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING\r\nRENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A\r\nFAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF\r\nSUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH\r\nDAMAGES.\r\n\r\n END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS\r\n\r\n How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries\r\n\r\n If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest\r\npossible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that\r\neveryone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting\r\nredistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the\r\nordinary General Public License).\r\n\r\n To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is\r\nsafest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively\r\nconvey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the\r\n\"copyright\" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.\r\n\r\n <one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.>\r\n Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>\r\n\r\n This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\r\n modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either\r\n version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.\r\n\r\n This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\r\n but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\r\n MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [], "date_submitted": "2020-07-15T11:35:39+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-07-16T15:57:11+02:00", "date_published": "2020-07-16T15:57:11+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/tyzb9", "authors": [ { "pk": 1627, "first_name": "Whitney", "middle_name": "M.", "last_name": "Behr", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7853, "first_name": "Roland", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bürgmann", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geochemistry" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Tectonics and Structure" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Behr_Bürgmann_2020_draft_Proof_hi_rdc.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/84/download/155/" }, { "original_filename": "Behr_Bürgmann_2020_draft_Proof_hi_rdc.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/84/download/156/" }, { "original_filename": "Behr_Bürgmann_2020_draft_Proof_hi_rdc.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/84/download/157/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 85, "title": "Precursory slow slip and foreshocks on rough faults", "abstract": "Foreshocks are not uncommon prior to large earthquakes, but their physical mechanism controversial. Two interpretations have been put forward: 1. foreshocks are driven by aseismic nucleation; 2. foreshocks are cascades, with each event triggered by earlier ones.\r\nHere we study seismic cycles on faults with fractal roughness at wavelengths exceeding the nucleation length. We perform 2-D quasi-dynamic simulations of frictionally uniform rate-state faults.\r\nRoughness leads to a range of slip behavior between system-size ruptures, including widespread creep, localized slow slip, and microseismicity. These processes are explained by spatial variations in normal stress (σ) caused by roughness: regions with low σ tend to creep, while high σ regions remain locked until they break seismically. Foreshocks and mainshocks both initiate from the rupture of locked asperities, but mainshocks preferentially start on stronger asperities. The preseismic phase is characterized by a feedback between creep and foreshocks: episodic seismic bursts break groups of nearby asperities, causing creep to accelerate, which in turns loads other asperities leading to further foreshocks. A simple analytical treatment of this mutual stress transfer, confirmed by simulations, predicts slip velocities and seismicity rates increase as 1/t, where t is the time to the mainshock. The model reproduces the observed migration of foreshocks towards the mainshock hypocenter, foreshock locations consistent with static stress changes, and the 1/t acceleration in stacked catalogs. Instead of interpreting foreshocks as either driven by coseismic stress changes or by creep, we propose that earthquake nucleation on rough faults is driven by the feedback between the two.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Earthquake precursors" }, { "word": "Fault mechanics" }, { "word": "Fault roughness" }, { "word": "Foreshocks" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-07-14T22:42:01+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-07-16T15:54:11+02:00", "date_published": "2020-07-16T15:54:11+02:00", "doi": "http://doi.org/10.1029/2020JB020430", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/9xphk", "authors": [ { "pk": 1629, "first_name": "Camilla", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cattania", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5719, "first_name": "Paul", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Segall", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Cattania_Segall_foreshocks.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/85/download/158/" }, { "original_filename": "Cattania_Segall_foreshocks.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/85/download/159/" }, { "original_filename": "Rough_Faults (1).pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/85/download/160/" }, { "original_filename": "rough_faults.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/85/download/3997/" }, { "original_filename": "roughfaults_combined.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/85/download/4614/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/hst4v", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 86, "title": "Sedimentary structures discriminations with hyperspectral imaging on sediment cores", "abstract": "Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a non-destructive high-resolution sensor, which is currently under significant development to analyze geological areas with remote devices or natural samples in a laboratory. In both cases, the hyperspectral image provides several sedimentary structures that need to be separated to temporally and spatially describe the sample. Sediment sequences are composed of successive deposits (strata, homogenite, flood) that can be visible or not depending on sample properties. The classical methods to identify them are time-consuming, have a low spatial resolution (millimeter), and are generally based on a naked-eye counting. In this study, we propose to compare several supervised classification algorithms for the discrimination of sedimentological structures on lake sediments. Instantaneous events in lake sediments are generally linked to extreme geodynamical events (e.g., floods, earthquakes), their identification and counting are essential to understand long-term fluctuations and improve hazard assessments. This is done by reconstructing a chronicle of event layer occurrence, including estimation of deposit thicknesses. Here we applied two hyperspectral imaging sensors (Visible Near-Infrared VNIR, 60 μm, 400-1000 nm; Short Wave Infrared SWIR, 200 μm, 1000-2500 nm) on three sediment cores from different lake systems. We highlight that the SWIR sensor is the optimal one to create robust classification models with discriminant analyses. Indeed, the VNIR sensor is impacted by the surface reliefs and structures that are not in the learning set, which lead to miss-classification. These observations are also valid for the combined sensor (VNIR-SWIR). Several spatial and spectral pre-processing were also compared and allowed to highlight discriminant information specific to a sample and a sensor. These works show that the combined use of hyperspectral imaging and machine learning improves the characterization of sedimentary structures in laboratory conditions.", "license": { "name": "CC0 1.0 Universal - Public Domain Dedication", "short_name": "CC0", "text": "Statement of Purpose\r\n\r\nThe laws of most jurisdictions throughout the world automatically confer exclusive Copyright and Related Rights (defined below) upon the creator and subsequent owner(s) (each and all, an \"owner\") of an original work of authorship and/or a database (each, a \"Work\").\r\n\r\nCertain owners wish to permanently relinquish those rights to a Work for the purpose of contributing to a commons of creative, cultural and scientific works (\"Commons\") that the public can reliably and without fear of later claims of infringement build upon, modify, incorporate in other works, reuse and redistribute as freely as possible in any form whatsoever and for any purposes, including without limitation commercial purposes. These owners may contribute to the Commons to promote the ideal of a free culture and the further production of creative, cultural and scientific works, or to gain reputation or greater distribution for their Work in part through the use and efforts of others.\r\n\r\nFor these and/or other purposes and motivations, and without any expectation of additional consideration or compensation, the person associating CC0 with a Work (the \"Affirmer\"), to the extent that he or she is an owner of Copyright and Related Rights in the Work, voluntarily elects to apply CC0 to the Work and publicly distribute the Work under its terms, with knowledge of his or her Copyright and Related Rights in the Work and the meaning and intended legal effect of CC0 on those rights.\r\n\r\n1. Copyright and Related Rights. A Work made available under CC0 may be protected by copyright and related or neighboring rights (\"Copyright and Related Rights\"). Copyright and Related Rights include, but are not limited to, the following:\r\n\r\nthe right to reproduce, adapt, distribute, perform, display, communicate, and translate a Work;\r\nmoral rights retained by the original author(s) and/or performer(s);\r\npublicity and privacy rights pertaining to a person's image or likeness depicted in a Work;\r\nrights protecting against unfair competition in regards to a Work, subject to the limitations in paragraph 4(a), below;\r\nrights protecting the extraction, dissemination, use and reuse of data in a Work;\r\ndatabase rights (such as those arising under Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, and under any national implementation thereof, including any amended or successor version of such directive); and\r\nother similar, equivalent or corresponding rights throughout the world based on applicable law or treaty, and any national implementations thereof.\r\n2. Waiver. To the greatest extent permitted by, but not in contravention of, applicable law, Affirmer hereby overtly, fully, permanently, irrevocably and unconditionally waives, abandons, and surrenders all of Affirmer's Copyright and Related Rights and associated claims and causes of action, whether now known or unknown (including existing as well as future claims and causes of action), in the Work (i) in all territories worldwide, (ii) for the maximum duration provided by applicable law or treaty (including future time extensions), (iii) in any current or future medium and for any number of copies, and (iv) for any purpose whatsoever, including without limitation commercial, advertising or promotional purposes (the \"Waiver\"). Affirmer makes the Waiver for the benefit of each member of the public at large and to the detriment of Affirmer's heirs and successors, fully intending that such Waiver shall not be subject to revocation, rescission, cancellation, termination, or any other legal or equitable action to disrupt the quiet enjoyment of the Work by the public as contemplated by Affirmer's express Statement of Purpose.\r\n\r\n3. Public License Fallback. Should any part of the Waiver for any reason be judged legally invalid or ineffective under applicable law, then the Waiver shall be preserved to the maximum extent permitted taking into account Affirmer's express Statement of Purpose. In addition, to the extent the Waiver is so judged Affirmer hereby grants to each affected person a royalty-free, non transferable, non sublicensable, non exclusive, irrevocable and unconditional license to exercise Affirmer's Copyright and Related Rights in the Work (i) in all territories worldwide, (ii) for the maximum duration provided by applicable law or treaty (including future time extensions), (iii) in any current or future medium and for any number of copies, and (iv) for any purpose whatsoever, including without limitation commercial, advertising or promotional purposes (the \"License\"). The License shall be deemed effective as of the date CC0 was applied by Affirmer to the Work. Should any part of the License for any reason be judged legally invalid or ineffective under applicable law, such partial invalidity or ineffectiveness shall not invalidate the remainder of the License, and in such case Affirmer hereby affirms that he or she will not (i) exercise any of his or her remaining Copyright and Related Rights in the Work or (ii) assert any associated claims and causes of action with respect to the Work, in either case contrary to Affirmer's express Statement of Purpose.\r\n\r\n4. Limitations and Disclaimers.\r\n\r\nNo trademark or patent rights held by Affirmer are waived, abandoned, surrendered, licensed or otherwise affected by this document.\r\nAffirmer offers the Work as-is and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Work, express, implied, statutory or otherwise, including without limitation warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non infringement, or the absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the present or absence of errors, whether or not discoverable, all to the greatest extent permissible under applicable law.\r\nAffirmer disclaims responsibility for clearing rights of other persons that may apply to the Work or any use thereof, including without limitation any person's Copyright and Related Rights in the Work. Further, Affirmer disclaims responsibility for obtaining any necessary consents, permissions or other rights required for any use of the Work.\r\nAffirmer understands and acknowledges that Creative Commons is not a party to this document and has no duty or obligation with respect to this CC0 or use of the Work.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "machine learning" }, { "word": "Automatic Detection" }, { "word": "Discrimination methods" }, { "word": "Hyperspectral Imaging" }, { "word": "Sedimentary Deposits" }, { "word": "Visible and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-07-14T19:24:51+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-07-17T19:21:22+02:00", "date_published": "2020-07-17T19:21:22+02:00", "doi": "http://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152018", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/4ue5s", "authors": [ { "pk": 5019, "first_name": "Kévin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jacq", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-3991-2184" }, { "pk": 105, "first_name": "Rapuc", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "William", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7574, "first_name": "Benoit", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Alexandre", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8722, "first_name": "Coquin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Didier", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8230, "first_name": "Fanget", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bernard", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6985, "first_name": "Yves", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Perrette", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 107, "first_name": "Pierre", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sabatier", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11047, "first_name": "Wilhelm", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bruno", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10937, "first_name": "Debret", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Maxime", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9538, "first_name": "Fabien", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Arnaud", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Analytical Chemistry" }, { "name": "Chemistry" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Environmental Chemistry" }, { "name": "Environmental Monitoring" }, { "name": "Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Multivariate Analysis" }, { "name": "Optics" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Physics" }, { "name": "Sedimentology" }, { "name": "Statistical Models" }, { "name": "Statistics and Probability" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Arxiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/86/download/161/" }, { "original_filename": "Arxiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/86/download/162/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 87, "title": "On the effect of grain fragmentation on frictional instabilities in faults with granular gouge", "abstract": "The evolution of frictional strength during stick-slip dynamics of a fault system is key to understanding the earthquake nucleation and rupture patterns. In mature faults, granular gouge is produced by wear, comminution or fragmentation during tectonic movements. In this work, we introduce a fragmentation model in the simulation of a sheared granular fault to explore the influence of grain breakage on the stick-slip dynamics. With fragmentation of highly stressed particles, the fault frictional strength increases accompanied with many small slip events triggered by particle breakage. The small fragments produced by particle breakage are not only stronger and more difficult to break, but they also change the distribution of contact forces, leading to strengthening of the fault system. By statistical analyses on size distribution of slip events under different particle strengths, we find that when particles are weaker, slip events become more correlated with particle fragmentation events and that the number of large slip events decreases. In addition, our analyses on the relationship between slip and particle fragmentation events reveal three types of correlations: in the first and second types, particle fragmentation events trigger micro- or major slips, respectively. In the third category, large-scale particle fragmentations take place at the end of large slip events owing to stress localization during post-slip particle rearrangements. Our results in this work highlight the role of micromechanics of particle fragmentation in failure of fault damage zones and help in understanding the relation between particle breakage and frictional failures.", "license": { "name": "Academic Free License (AFL) 3.0", "short_name": "AFL 3.0", "text": "Academic Free License (\"AFL\") v. 3.0\r\nThis Academic Free License (the \"License\") applies to any original work of authorship (the \"Original Work\") whose owner (the \"Licensor\") has placed the following licensing notice adjacent to the copyright notice for the Original Work:\r\n\r\nLicensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0\r\n\r\n1) Grant of Copyright License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, for the duration of the copyright, to do the following:\r\n\r\na) to reproduce the Original Work in copies, either alone or as part of a collective work;\r\n\r\nb) to translate, adapt, alter, transform, modify, or arrange the Original Work, thereby creating derivative works (\"Derivative Works\") based upon the Original Work;\r\n\r\nc) to distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work and Derivative Works to the public, under any license of your choice that does not contradict the terms and conditions, including Licensor's reserved rights and remedies, in this Academic Free License;\r\n\r\nd) to perform the Original Work publicly; and\r\n\r\ne) to display the Original Work publicly.\r\n\r\n2) Grant of Patent License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, under patent claims owned or controlled by the Licensor that are embodied in the Original Work as furnished by the Licensor, for the duration of the patents, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, and import the Original Work and Derivative Works.\r\n\r\n3) Grant of Source Code License. The term \"Source Code\" means the preferred form of the Original Work for making modifications to it and all available documentation describing how to modify the Original Work. Licensor agrees to provide a machine-readable copy of the Source Code of the Original Work along with each copy of the Original Work that Licensor distributes. Licensor reserves the right to satisfy this obligation by placing a machine-readable copy of the Source Code in an information repository reasonably calculated to permit inexpensive and convenient access by You for as long as Licensor continues to distribute the Original Work.\r\n\r\n4) Exclusions From License Grant. Neither the names of Licensor, nor the names of any contributors to the Original Work, nor any of their trademarks or service marks, may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this Original Work without express prior permission of the Licensor. Except as expressly stated herein, nothing in this License grants any license to Licensor's trademarks, copyrights, patents, trade secrets or any other intellectual property. No patent license is granted to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, or import embodiments of any patent claims other than the licensed claims defined in Section 2. No license is granted to the trademarks of Licensor even if such marks are included in the Original Work. Nothing in this License shall be interpreted to prohibit Licensor from licensing under terms different from this License any Original Work that Licensor otherwise would have a right to license.\r\n\r\n5) External Deployment. The term \"External Deployment\" means the use, distribution, or communication of the Original Work or Derivative Works in any way such that the Original Work or Derivative Works may be used by anyone other than You, whether those works are distributed or communicated to those persons or made available as an application intended for use over a network. As an express condition for the grants of license hereunder, You must treat any External Deployment by You of the Original Work or a Derivative Work as a distribution under section 1(c).\r\n\r\n6) Attribution Rights. You must retain, in the Source Code of any Derivative Works that You create, all copyright, patent, or trademark notices from the Source Code of the Original Work, as well as any notices of licensing and any descriptive text identified therein as an \"Attribution Notice.\" You must cause the Source Code for any Derivative Works that You create to carry a prominent Attribution Notice reasonably calculated to inform recipients that You have modified the Original Work.\r\n\r\n7) Warranty of Provenance and Disclaimer of Warranty. Licensor warrants that the copyright in and to the Original Work and the patent rights granted herein by Licensor are owned by the Licensor or are sublicensed to You under the terms of this License with the permission of the contributor(s) of those copyrights and patent rights. Except as expressly stated in the immediately preceding sentence, the Original Work is provided under this License on an \"AS IS\" BASIS and WITHOUT WARRANTY, either express or implied, including, without limitation, the warranties of non-infringement, merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY OF THE ORIGINAL WORK IS WITH YOU. This DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY constitutes an essential part of this License. No license to the Original Work is granted by this License except under this disclaimer.\r\n\r\n8) Limitation of Liability. Under no circumstances and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, shall the Licensor be liable to anyone for any indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or the use of the Original Work including, without limitation, damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses. This limitation of liability shall not apply to the extent applicable law prohibits such limitation.\r\n\r\n9) Acceptance and Termination. If, at any time, You expressly assented to this License, that assent indicates your clear and irrevocable acceptance of this License and all of its terms and conditions. If You distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work or a Derivative Work, You must make a reasonable effort under the circumstances to obtain the express assent of recipients to the terms of this License. This License conditions your rights to undertake the activities listed in Section 1, including your right to create Derivative Works based upon the Original Work, and doing so without honoring these terms and conditions is prohibited by copyright law and international treaty. Nothing in this License is intended to affect copyright exceptions and limitations (including \"fair use\" or \"fair dealing\"). This License shall terminate immediately and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License upon your failure to honor the conditions in Section 1(c).\r\n\r\n10) Termination for Patent Action. This License shall terminate automatically and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License as of the date You commence an action, including a cross-claim or counterclaim, against Licensor or any licensee alleging that the Original Work infringes a patent. This termination provision shall not apply for an action alleging patent infringement by combinations of the Original Work with other software or hardware.\r\n\r\n11) Jurisdiction, Venue and Governing Law. Any action or suit relating to this License may be brought only in the courts of a jurisdiction wherein the Licensor resides or in which Licensor conducts its primary business, and under the laws of that jurisdiction excluding its conflict-of-law provisions. The application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is expressly excluded. Any use of the Original Work outside the scope of this License or after its termination shall be subject to the requirements and penalties of copyright or patent law in the appropriate jurisdiction. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n12) Attorneys' Fees. In any action to enforce the terms of this License or seeking damages relating thereto, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover its costs and expenses, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and costs incurred in connection with such action, including any appeal of such action. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n13) Miscellaneous. If any provision of this License is held to be unenforceable, such provision shall be reformed only to the extent necessary to make it enforceable.\r\n\r\n14) Definition of \"You\" in This License. \"You\" throughout this License, whether in upper or lower case, means an individual or a legal entity exercising rights under, and complying with all of the terms of, this License. For legal entities, \"You\" includes any entity that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with you. For purposes of this definition, \"control\" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.\r\n\r\n15) Right to Use. You may use the Original Work in all ways not otherwise restricted or conditioned by this License or by law, and Licensor promises not to interfere with or be responsible for such uses by You.\r\n\r\n16) Modification of This License. This License is Copyright © 2005 Lawrence Rosen. Permission is granted to copy, distribute, or communicate this License without modification. Nothing in this License permits You to modify this License as applied to the Original Work or to Derivative Works. However, You may modify the text of this License and copy, distribute or communicate your modified version (the \"Modified License\") and apply it to other original works of authorship subject to the following conditions: (i) You may not indicate in any way that your Modified License is the \"Academic Free License\" or \"AFL\" and you may not use those names in the name of your Modified License; (ii) You must replace the notice specified in the first paragraph above with the notice \"Licensed under <insert your license name here>\" or with a notice of your own that is not confusingly similar to the notice in this License; and (iii) You may not claim that your original works are open source software unless your Modified License has been approved by Open Source Initiative (OSI) and You comply with its license review and certification process.", "url": "http://opensource.org/licenses/AFL-3.0" }, "keywords": [], "date_submitted": "2020-07-14T18:49:02+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-07-15T17:00:46+02:00", "date_published": "2020-07-15T17:00:46+02:00", "doi": "http://doi.org/10.1029/2020JB020510", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/8356f", "authors": [ { "pk": 5528, "first_name": "Di", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wang", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6045, "first_name": "Jan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Carmeliet", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7621, "first_name": "Wei", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zhou", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 150, "first_name": "Omid", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Dorostkar", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Manuscript-EAX.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/87/download/163/" }, { "original_filename": "Manuscript-EAX.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/87/download/164/" }, { "original_filename": "Manuscript-EAX.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/87/download/165/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/nujf6", "label": "Supplementary material" }, { "url": "https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000423980", "label": "Public data" } ] }, { "pk": 88, "title": "Mercury stable isotopes constrain atmospheric sources to the Ocean", "abstract": "Human exposure to toxic mercury (Hg) is dominated by the consumption of seafood1,2. Earth system models suggest that Hg in marine ecosystems is supplied by atmospheric wet and dry Hg(II) deposition, with a 3 times smaller contribution from gaseous Hg(0) uptake3,4. Observations of marine Hg(II) deposition and Hg(0) gas exchange are sparse however5, leaving the suggested importance of Hg(II) deposition6 ill-constrained. Here we present the first Hg stable isotope measurements of total Hg (tHg) in surface and deep Atlantic and Mediterranean seawater and use it to quantify atmospheric Hg deposition pathways. We observe overall similar tHg isotope compositions, with median Δ200Hg signatures of 0.02‰, lying in between atmospheric Hg(0) and Hg(II) deposition end-members. We use a Δ200Hg isotope mass balance to estimate that seawater tHg can be explained by the mixing of 42% (24 to 50 %, median and interquartile range) atmospheric Hg(II) gross deposition and 58% (50 to 76 %) Hg(0) gross uptake. We measure and compile additional, global marine Hg isotope data including particulate Hg, sediments and biota and observe a latitudinal Δ200Hg gradient indicating larger ocean Hg(0) uptake at high latitudes. Our findings suggest that global atmospheric Hg(0) uptake by the oceans is equal to Hg(II) deposition, which has implications for our understanding of atmospheric Hg dispersal and marine ecosystem recovery.", "license": { "name": "Academic Free License (AFL) 3.0", "short_name": "AFL 3.0", "text": "Academic Free License (\"AFL\") v. 3.0\r\nThis Academic Free License (the \"License\") applies to any original work of authorship (the \"Original Work\") whose owner (the \"Licensor\") has placed the following licensing notice adjacent to the copyright notice for the Original Work:\r\n\r\nLicensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0\r\n\r\n1) Grant of Copyright License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, for the duration of the copyright, to do the following:\r\n\r\na) to reproduce the Original Work in copies, either alone or as part of a collective work;\r\n\r\nb) to translate, adapt, alter, transform, modify, or arrange the Original Work, thereby creating derivative works (\"Derivative Works\") based upon the Original Work;\r\n\r\nc) to distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work and Derivative Works to the public, under any license of your choice that does not contradict the terms and conditions, including Licensor's reserved rights and remedies, in this Academic Free License;\r\n\r\nd) to perform the Original Work publicly; and\r\n\r\ne) to display the Original Work publicly.\r\n\r\n2) Grant of Patent License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, under patent claims owned or controlled by the Licensor that are embodied in the Original Work as furnished by the Licensor, for the duration of the patents, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, and import the Original Work and Derivative Works.\r\n\r\n3) Grant of Source Code License. The term \"Source Code\" means the preferred form of the Original Work for making modifications to it and all available documentation describing how to modify the Original Work. Licensor agrees to provide a machine-readable copy of the Source Code of the Original Work along with each copy of the Original Work that Licensor distributes. Licensor reserves the right to satisfy this obligation by placing a machine-readable copy of the Source Code in an information repository reasonably calculated to permit inexpensive and convenient access by You for as long as Licensor continues to distribute the Original Work.\r\n\r\n4) Exclusions From License Grant. Neither the names of Licensor, nor the names of any contributors to the Original Work, nor any of their trademarks or service marks, may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this Original Work without express prior permission of the Licensor. Except as expressly stated herein, nothing in this License grants any license to Licensor's trademarks, copyrights, patents, trade secrets or any other intellectual property. No patent license is granted to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, or import embodiments of any patent claims other than the licensed claims defined in Section 2. No license is granted to the trademarks of Licensor even if such marks are included in the Original Work. Nothing in this License shall be interpreted to prohibit Licensor from licensing under terms different from this License any Original Work that Licensor otherwise would have a right to license.\r\n\r\n5) External Deployment. The term \"External Deployment\" means the use, distribution, or communication of the Original Work or Derivative Works in any way such that the Original Work or Derivative Works may be used by anyone other than You, whether those works are distributed or communicated to those persons or made available as an application intended for use over a network. As an express condition for the grants of license hereunder, You must treat any External Deployment by You of the Original Work or a Derivative Work as a distribution under section 1(c).\r\n\r\n6) Attribution Rights. You must retain, in the Source Code of any Derivative Works that You create, all copyright, patent, or trademark notices from the Source Code of the Original Work, as well as any notices of licensing and any descriptive text identified therein as an \"Attribution Notice.\" You must cause the Source Code for any Derivative Works that You create to carry a prominent Attribution Notice reasonably calculated to inform recipients that You have modified the Original Work.\r\n\r\n7) Warranty of Provenance and Disclaimer of Warranty. Licensor warrants that the copyright in and to the Original Work and the patent rights granted herein by Licensor are owned by the Licensor or are sublicensed to You under the terms of this License with the permission of the contributor(s) of those copyrights and patent rights. Except as expressly stated in the immediately preceding sentence, the Original Work is provided under this License on an \"AS IS\" BASIS and WITHOUT WARRANTY, either express or implied, including, without limitation, the warranties of non-infringement, merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY OF THE ORIGINAL WORK IS WITH YOU. This DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY constitutes an essential part of this License. No license to the Original Work is granted by this License except under this disclaimer.\r\n\r\n8) Limitation of Liability. Under no circumstances and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, shall the Licensor be liable to anyone for any indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or the use of the Original Work including, without limitation, damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses. This limitation of liability shall not apply to the extent applicable law prohibits such limitation.\r\n\r\n9) Acceptance and Termination. If, at any time, You expressly assented to this License, that assent indicates your clear and irrevocable acceptance of this License and all of its terms and conditions. If You distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work or a Derivative Work, You must make a reasonable effort under the circumstances to obtain the express assent of recipients to the terms of this License. This License conditions your rights to undertake the activities listed in Section 1, including your right to create Derivative Works based upon the Original Work, and doing so without honoring these terms and conditions is prohibited by copyright law and international treaty. Nothing in this License is intended to affect copyright exceptions and limitations (including \"fair use\" or \"fair dealing\"). This License shall terminate immediately and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License upon your failure to honor the conditions in Section 1(c).\r\n\r\n10) Termination for Patent Action. This License shall terminate automatically and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License as of the date You commence an action, including a cross-claim or counterclaim, against Licensor or any licensee alleging that the Original Work infringes a patent. This termination provision shall not apply for an action alleging patent infringement by combinations of the Original Work with other software or hardware.\r\n\r\n11) Jurisdiction, Venue and Governing Law. Any action or suit relating to this License may be brought only in the courts of a jurisdiction wherein the Licensor resides or in which Licensor conducts its primary business, and under the laws of that jurisdiction excluding its conflict-of-law provisions. The application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is expressly excluded. Any use of the Original Work outside the scope of this License or after its termination shall be subject to the requirements and penalties of copyright or patent law in the appropriate jurisdiction. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n12) Attorneys' Fees. In any action to enforce the terms of this License or seeking damages relating thereto, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover its costs and expenses, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and costs incurred in connection with such action, including any appeal of such action. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n13) Miscellaneous. If any provision of this License is held to be unenforceable, such provision shall be reformed only to the extent necessary to make it enforceable.\r\n\r\n14) Definition of \"You\" in This License. \"You\" throughout this License, whether in upper or lower case, means an individual or a legal entity exercising rights under, and complying with all of the terms of, this License. For legal entities, \"You\" includes any entity that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with you. For purposes of this definition, \"control\" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.\r\n\r\n15) Right to Use. You may use the Original Work in all ways not otherwise restricted or conditioned by this License or by law, and Licensor promises not to interfere with or be responsible for such uses by You.\r\n\r\n16) Modification of This License. This License is Copyright © 2005 Lawrence Rosen. Permission is granted to copy, distribute, or communicate this License without modification. Nothing in this License permits You to modify this License as applied to the Original Work or to Derivative Works. However, You may modify the text of this License and copy, distribute or communicate your modified version (the \"Modified License\") and apply it to other original works of authorship subject to the following conditions: (i) You may not indicate in any way that your Modified License is the \"Academic Free License\" or \"AFL\" and you may not use those names in the name of your Modified License; (ii) You must replace the notice specified in the first paragraph above with the notice \"Licensed under <insert your license name here>\" or with a notice of your own that is not confusingly similar to the notice in this License; and (iii) You may not claim that your original works are open source software unless your Modified License has been approved by Open Source Initiative (OSI) and You comply with its license review and certification process.", "url": "http://opensource.org/licenses/AFL-3.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "mercury" }, { "word": "sediment" }, { "word": "air-sea echange" }, { "word": "biota" }, { "word": "deposition" }, { "word": "fish" }, { "word": "isotopes" }, { "word": "marine" }, { "word": "ocean" }, { "word": "particles" }, { "word": "particulate" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-07-13T10:19:30+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-08-29T00:09:33+02:00", "date_published": "2020-08-29T00:09:33+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/k6f8m", "authors": [ { "pk": 22446, "first_name": "Martin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jiskra", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6394, "first_name": "Lars-Eric", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Heimburger-Boavida", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7639, "first_name": "Marie-Maelle", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Desgranges", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8779, "first_name": "Mariia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Petrova", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9658, "first_name": "Aurelie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Dufour", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10314, "first_name": "Beatriz", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ferreira-Araujo", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10759, "first_name": "Jeremy", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Masbou", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10567, "first_name": "Jerome", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chmeleff", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11299, "first_name": "Melilotus", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Thyssen", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11463, "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Point", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Oceanography" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "SW Hg isotopes draft and SI_FINAL.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/88/download/166/" }, { "original_filename": "SW Hg isotopes draft and SI_FINAL.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/88/download/167/" }, { "original_filename": "SW Hg isotopes draft and SI_FINAL version 3.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/88/download/5181/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/y9txd", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 89, "title": "Modelling an energetic tidal strait: investigating implications of common numerical configuration choices", "abstract": "Characterising tidal hydrodynamics in the vicinity of submerged features can be demanding given the hostility of the marine environment. Logistical challenges in the measurement of such flows has promoted research on wake studies through physical and numerical modelling. In this study, site measurements and modelled data are combined to provide an insight into the regional hydrodynamics within a macrotidal strait, namely Ramsey Sound in Pembrokeshire, Wales, UK. The site has received interest from tidal energy developers but is characterised by various steeply inclined bathymetric features, including a semi-submerged pinnacle known as Horse Rock. Understanding how prominent submerged features impact on flow conditions can be crucial for the feasibility and deployment of marine (energy) infrastructure. Observational bed- and vessel-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) data are used to calibrate a coastal ocean model. The depth-averaged model is generated using Thetis, a coastal flow solver based on the finite-element engine Firedrake. Hydrodynamic characteristics are examined at different stages of the spring-neap tidal cycle, highlighting the local and regional influence of prominent bathymetric features. In particular, this study focuses on how common assumptions in tidal stream resource assessment models could hinder model calibration. A variable Manning coefficient field is utilised to represent differences in seabed roughness; this is an approach not generally undertaken in similar modelling studies where a uniform constant coefficient is typically calibrated. Also highlighted is the effect of mesh resolution on capturing certain wake structure characteristics, which points to the need to locally refine the mesh around key bathymetric features to a level that is also not typically applied in modelling studies used for tidal resource assessment.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Coastal hydrodynamics" }, { "word": "Field measurements" }, { "word": "Manning coefficient" }, { "word": "Marine energy" }, { "word": "Unstructured mesh" }, { "word": "Wake modelling" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-07-13T09:58:51+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-07-16T15:56:38+02:00", "date_published": "2020-07-16T15:56:38+02:00", "doi": "http://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2020.102494", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/8txmd", "authors": [ { "pk": 3617, "first_name": "Lucas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mackie", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": "0000-0002-8332-8997" }, { "pk": 6434, "first_name": "Paul", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Evans", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7680, "first_name": "Magnus", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Harrold", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8821, "first_name": "Tim", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "O`Doherty", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 152, "first_name": "Matthew", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Piggott", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 4890, "first_name": "Athanasios", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Angeloudis", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Applied Mathematics" }, { "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering" }, { "name": "Civil Engineering" }, { "name": "Engineering" }, { "name": "Numerical Analysis and Computation" }, { "name": "Oceanography" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "AOR_2020_EarthArXiv_Preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/89/download/168/" }, { "original_filename": "AOR_2020__Submission_07-07-2020.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/89/download/169/" }, { "original_filename": "AOR_2020_EarthArXiv_Preprint2.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/89/download/4039/" }, { "original_filename": "AOR_2020_EarthArXiv_Preprint2.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/89/download/4040/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 90, "title": "“Enriching Lives within Sedimentary Geology”: Actionable Recommendations for Making SEPM a Diverse, Equitable and Inclusive Society for All Sedimentary Geologists", "abstract": "Innovative science benefits from diversity of thought and influence at all waypoints along the scientific journey, from early education to career-length contributions in research and mentorship. Scientific societies, like the Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM), steward their innovators and the direction of the science, thereby defining the societal impact and evolution of a discipline. They are uniquely positioned to promote the representation and success of all scientists, including those from minoritized populations, through proactive advocacy, and inclusive mentorship, awards, and leadership. We introspectively review available records of SEPM membership, leadership, awardees, and editorial boards to identify areas for growth and begin a dialogue about how the society and its members can work together to better reflect our community. In the last decade, SEPM has seen a decline in membership, while representation and recognition of scientists from minoritized groups has remained low. Awards and honors have overwhelmingly gone to men, even in the last ten years, and very few women or people of color are in leadership roles. SEPM has recently taken positive steps towards becoming more inclusive (e.g,. the Code of Professional Conduct); however, much more work is needed. We provide recommendations for swift actions that SEPM and its members should undertake for the society to become a diverse, inclusive, and equitable environment where all scientists thrive. The systemic changes needed will take continuous effort, which must be shared by all of us, to build an enduring legacy that we can be proud of.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public\r\nLicenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change\r\nfree software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.\r\n\r\n This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some\r\nspecially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the\r\nFree Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You\r\ncan use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether\r\nthis license or the ordinary General Public License is the better\r\nstrategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.\r\n\r\n When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,\r\nnot price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that\r\nyou have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge\r\nfor this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get\r\nit if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of\r\nit in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do\r\nthese things.\r\n\r\n To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid\r\ndistributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these\r\nrights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for\r\nyou if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.\r\n\r\n For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis\r\nor for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave\r\nyou. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source\r\ncode. If you link other code with the library, you must provide\r\ncomplete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them\r\nwith the library after making changes to the library and recompiling\r\nit. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.\r\n\r\n We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the\r\nlibrary, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal\r\npermission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.\r\n\r\n To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that\r\nthere is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is\r\nmodified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know\r\nthat what they have is not the original version, so that the original\r\nauthor's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be\r\nintroduced by others.\r\n\f\r\n Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of\r\nany free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot\r\neffectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a\r\nrestrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that\r\nany patent license obtained for a version of the library must be\r\nconsistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license.\r\n\r\n Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser\r\nGeneral Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and\r\nis quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use\r\nthis license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those\r\nlibraries into non-free programs.\r\n\r\n When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using\r\na shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a\r\ncombined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary\r\nGeneral Public License therefore permits such linking only if the\r\nentire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General\r\nPublic License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with\r\nthe library.\r\n\r\n We call this license the \"Lesser\" General Public License because it\r\ndoes Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General\r\nPublic License. It also provides other free software developers Less\r\nof an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages\r\nare the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many\r\nlibraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain\r\nspecial circumstances.\r\n\r\n For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to\r\nencourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes\r\na de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be\r\nallowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free\r\nlibrary does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this\r\ncase, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free\r\nsoftware only, so we use the Lesser General Public License.\r\n\r\n In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free\r\nprograms enables a greater number of people to use a large body of\r\nfree software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in\r\nnon-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU\r\noperating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating\r\nsystem.\r\n\r\n Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the\r\nusers' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is\r\nlinked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run\r\nthat program using a modified version of the Library.\r\n\r\n The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and\r\nmodification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a\r\n\"work based on the library\" and a \"work that uses the library\". The\r\nformer contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must\r\nbe combined with the library in order to run.\r\n\f\r\n GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION\r\n\r\n 0. This License Agreement applies to any software library or other\r\nprogram which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or\r\nother authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of\r\nthis Lesser General Public License (also called \"this License\").\r\nEach licensee is addressed as \"you\".\r\n\r\n A \"library\" means a collection of software functions and/or data\r\nprepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs\r\n(which use some of those functions and data) to form executables.\r\n\r\n The \"Library\", below, refers to any such software library or work\r\nwhich has been distributed under these terms. A \"work based on the\r\nLibrary\" means either the Library or any derivative work under\r\ncopyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a\r\nportion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated\r\nstraightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is\r\nincluded without limitation in the term \"modification\".)\r\n\r\n \"Source code\" for a work means the preferred form of the work for\r\nmaking modifications to it. For a library, complete source code means\r\nall the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated\r\ninterface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation\r\nand installation of the library.\r\n\r\n Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not\r\ncovered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of\r\nrunning a program using the Library is not restricted, and output from\r\nsuch a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based\r\non the Library (independent of the use of the Library in a tool for\r\nwriting it). Whether that is true depends on what the Library does\r\nand what the program that uses the Library does.\r\n\r\n 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's\r\ncomplete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that\r\nyou conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an\r\nappropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact\r\nall the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any\r\nwarranty; and distribute a copy of this License along with the\r\nLibrary.\r\n\r\n You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,\r\nand you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a\r\nfee.\r\n\f\r\n 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion\r\nof it, thus forming a work based on the Library, and copy and\r\ndistribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1\r\nabove, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:\r\n\r\n a) The modified work must itself be a software library.\r\n\r\n b) You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices\r\n stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.\r\n\r\n c) You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no\r\n charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.\r\n\r\n d) If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a\r\n table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses\r\n the facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility\r\n is invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that,\r\n in the event an application does not supply such function or\r\n table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of\r\n its purpose remains meaningful.\r\n\r\n (For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has\r\n a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the\r\n application. Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any\r\n application-supplied function or table used by this function must\r\n be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square\r\n root function must still compute square roots.)\r\n\r\nThese requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If\r\nidentifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library,\r\nand can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in\r\nthemselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those\r\nsections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you\r\ndistribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based\r\non the Library, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of\r\nthis License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the\r\nentire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote\r\nit.\r\n\r\nThus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest\r\nyour rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to\r\nexercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or\r\ncollective works based on the Library.\r\n\r\nIn addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library\r\nwith the Library (or with a work based on the Library) on a volume of\r\na storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under\r\nthe scope of this License.\r\n\r\n 3. You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public\r\nLicense instead of this License to a given copy of the Library. To do\r\nthis, you must alter all the notices that refer to this License, so\r\nthat they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License, version 2,\r\ninstead of to this License. (If a newer version than version 2 of the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License has appeared, then you can specify\r\nthat version instead if you wish.) Do not make any other change in\r\nthese notices.\r\n\f\r\n Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for\r\nthat copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all\r\nsubsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy.\r\n\r\n This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of\r\nthe Library into a program that is not a library.\r\n\r\n 4. You may copy and distribute the Library (or a portion or\r\nderivative of it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form\r\nunder the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany\r\nit with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which\r\nmust be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a\r\nmedium customarily used for software interchange.\r\n\r\n If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy\r\nfrom a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the\r\nsource code from the same place satisfies the requirement to\r\ndistribute the source code, even though third parties are not\r\ncompelled to copy the source along with the object code.\r\n\r\n 5. A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the\r\nLibrary, but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled or\r\nlinked with it, is called a \"work that uses the Library\". Such a\r\nwork, in isolation, is not a derivative work of the Library, and\r\ntherefore falls outside the scope of this License.\r\n\r\n However, linking a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library\r\ncreates an executable that is a derivative of the Library (because it\r\ncontains portions of the Library), rather than a \"work that uses the\r\nlibrary\". The executable is therefore covered by this License.\r\nSection 6 states terms for distribution of such executables.\r\n\r\n When a \"work that uses the Library\" uses material from a header file\r\nthat is part of the Library, the object code for the work may be a\r\nderivative work of the Library even though the source code is not.\r\nWhether this is true is especially significant if the work can be\r\nlinked without the Library, or if the work is itself a library. The\r\nthreshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law.\r\n\r\n If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data\r\nstructure layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline\r\nfunctions (ten lines or less in length), then the use of the object\r\nfile is unrestricted, regardless of whether it is legally a derivative\r\nwork. (Executables containing this object code plus portions of the\r\nLibrary will still fall under Section 6.)\r\n\r\n Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the Library, you may\r\ndistribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6.\r\nAny executables containing that work also fall under Section 6,\r\nwhether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself.\r\n\f\r\n 6. As an exception to the Sections above, you may also combine or\r\nlink a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library to produce a\r\nwork containing portions of the Library, and distribute that work\r\nunder terms of your choice, provided that the terms permit\r\nmodification of the work for the customer's own use and reverse\r\nengineering for debugging such modifications.\r\n\r\n You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the\r\nLibrary is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by\r\nthis License. You must supply a copy of this License. If the work\r\nduring execution displays copyright notices, you must include the\r\ncopyright notice for the Library among them, as well as a reference\r\ndirecting the user to the copy of this License. Also, you must do one\r\nof these things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the work with the complete corresponding\r\n machine-readable source code for the Library including whatever\r\n changes were used in the work (which must be distributed under\r\n Sections 1 and 2 above); and, if the work is an executable linked\r\n with the Library, with the complete machine-readable \"work that\r\n uses the Library\", as object code and/or source code, so that the\r\n user can modify the Library and then relink to produce a modified\r\n executable containing the modified Library. (It is understood\r\n that the user who changes the contents of definitions files in the\r\n Library will not necessarily be able to recompile the application\r\n to use the modified definitions.)\r\n\r\n b) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the\r\n Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (1) uses at run time a\r\n copy of the library already present on the user's computer system,\r\n rather than copying library functions into the executable, and (2)\r\n will operate properly with a modified version of the library, if\r\n the user installs one, as long as the modified version is\r\n interface-compatible with the version that the work was made with.\r\n\r\n c) Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at\r\n least three years, to give the same user the materials\r\n specified in Subsection 6a, above, for a charge no more\r\n than the cost of performing this distribution.\r\n\r\n d) If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy\r\n from a designated place, offer equivalent access to copy the above\r\n specified materials from the same place.\r\n\r\n e) Verify that the user has already received a copy of these\r\n materials or that you have already sent this user a copy.\r\n\r\n For an executable, the required form of the \"work that uses the\r\nLibrary\" must include any data and utility programs needed for\r\nreproducing the executable from it. However, as a special exception,\r\nthe materials to be distributed need not include anything that is\r\nnormally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major\r\ncomponents (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on\r\nwhich the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies\r\nthe executable.\r\n\r\n It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license\r\nrestrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally\r\naccompany the operating system. Such a contradiction means you cannot\r\nuse both them and the Library together in an executable that you\r\ndistribute.\r\n\f\r\n 7. You may place library facilities that are a work based on the\r\nLibrary side-by-side in a single library together with other library\r\nfacilities not covered by this License, and distribute such a combined\r\nlibrary, provided that the separate distribution of the work based on\r\nthe Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise\r\npermitted, and provided that you do these two things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work\r\n based on the Library, uncombined with any other library\r\n facilities. This must be distributed under the terms of the\r\n Sections above.\r\n\r\n b) Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact\r\n that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining\r\n where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.\r\n\r\n 8. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute\r\nthe Library except as expressly provided under this License. Any\r\nattempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or\r\ndistribute the Library is void, and will automatically terminate your\r\nrights under this License. However, parties who have received copies,\r\nor rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses\r\nterminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.\r\n\r\n 9. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not\r\nsigned it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or\r\ndistribute the Library or its derivative works. These actions are\r\nprohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by\r\nmodifying or distributing the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and\r\nall its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying\r\nthe Library or works based on it.\r\n\r\n 10. Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), the recipient automatically receives a license from the\r\noriginal licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the Library\r\nsubject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further\r\nrestrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.\r\nYou are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with\r\nthis License.\r\n\f\r\n 11. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent\r\ninfringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),\r\nconditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or\r\notherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not\r\nexcuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot\r\ndistribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this\r\nLicense and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you\r\nmay not distribute the Library at all. For example, if a patent\r\nlicense would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Library by\r\nall those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then\r\nthe only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to\r\nrefrain entirely from distribution of the Library.\r\n\r\nIf any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any\r\nparticular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply,\r\nand the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.\r\n\r\nIt is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any\r\npatents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any\r\nsuch claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the\r\nintegrity of the free software distribution system which is\r\nimplemented by public license practices. Many people have made\r\ngenerous contributions to the wide range of software distributed\r\nthrough that system in reliance on consistent application of that\r\nsystem; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing\r\nto distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot\r\nimpose that choice.\r\n\r\nThis section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to\r\nbe a consequence of the rest of this License.\r\n\r\n 12. If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in\r\ncertain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the\r\noriginal copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add\r\nan explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries,\r\nso that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus\r\nexcluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if\r\nwritten in the body of this License.\r\n\r\n 13. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new\r\nversions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time.\r\nSuch new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version,\r\nbut may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.\r\n\r\nEach version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library\r\nspecifies a version number of this License which applies to it and\r\n\"any later version\", you have the option of following the terms and\r\nconditions either of that version or of any later version published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation. If the Library does not specify a\r\nlicense version number, you may choose any version ever published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation.\r\n\f\r\n 14. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free\r\nprograms whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these,\r\nwrite to the author to ask for permission. For software which is\r\ncopyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free\r\nSoftware Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our\r\ndecision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status\r\nof all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing\r\nand reuse of software generally.\r\n\r\n NO WARRANTY\r\n\r\n 15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO\r\nWARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.\r\nEXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR\r\nOTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY \"AS IS\" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY\r\nKIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\r\nIMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR\r\nPURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE\r\nLIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME\r\nTHE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.\r\n\r\n 16. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN\r\nWRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY\r\nAND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU\r\nFOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR\r\nCONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE\r\nLIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING\r\nRENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A\r\nFAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF\r\nSUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH\r\nDAMAGES.\r\n\r\n END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS\r\n\r\n How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries\r\n\r\n If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest\r\npossible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that\r\neveryone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting\r\nredistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the\r\nordinary General Public License).\r\n\r\n To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is\r\nsafest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively\r\nconvey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the\r\n\"copyright\" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.\r\n\r\n <one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.>\r\n Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>\r\n\r\n This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\r\n modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either\r\n version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.\r\n\r\n This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\r\n but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\r\n MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Diversity" }, { "word": "Inclusion" }, { "word": "Equity" }, { "word": "Sedimentary Geology" }, { "word": "SEPM" }, { "word": "Society for Sedimentary Geology" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-07-13T00:47:32+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-07-15T17:00:09+02:00", "date_published": "2020-07-15T17:00:09+02:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.2110/sedred.2020.3.4", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/y7v9e", "authors": [ { "pk": 4002, "first_name": "Anjali", "middle_name": "M", "last_name": "Fernandes", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0003-2485-3449" }, { "pk": 4003, "first_name": "Antoinette", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Abeyta", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 4014, "first_name": "Robert", "middle_name": "Clyde", "last_name": "Mahon", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": "0000-0003-0777-7886" }, { "pk": 8853, "first_name": "Rowan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Martindale", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9703, "first_name": "Kristin", "middle_name": "D.", "last_name": "Bergmann", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 1573, "first_name": "Christopher", "middle_name": "Aiden-Lee", "last_name": "Jackson", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": "0000-0002-8592-9032" }, { "pk": 157, "first_name": "Theodore", "middle_name": "M.", "last_name": "Present", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11088, "first_name": "Darryl", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Reano", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11319, "first_name": "Travis", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Swanson", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 16427, "first_name": "Kristina", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Butler", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Education" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Paleobiology" }, { "name": "Paleontology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Sedimentology" }, { "name": "Stratigraphy" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Fernandes_et_al_DiversityAtSEPM.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/90/download/170/" }, { "original_filename": "Fernandes_et_al_DiversityAtSEPM.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/90/download/171/" }, { "original_filename": "Fernandes_et_al_DiversityAtSEPM.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/90/download/172/" }, { "original_filename": "Fernandes_et_al_DiversityAtSEPM.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/90/download/173/" }, { "original_filename": "Fernandes_et_al_DiversityAtSEPM.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/90/download/174/" }, { "original_filename": "Fernandes_et_al_DiversityAtSEPM.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/90/download/175/" }, { "original_filename": "Fernandes_et_al_DiversityAtSEPM.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/90/download/176/" }, { "original_filename": "Cover Letter_Sedimentary Record_Fernandes et al.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/90/download/177/" }, { "original_filename": "Fernandes_et_al_DiversityAtSEPM.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/90/download/178/" }, { "original_filename": "Fernandes_et_al_DiversityAtSEPM.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/90/download/179/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/3vgjx", "label": "Supplementary material" }, { "url": "https://OSF.IO/7P6A5/", "label": "Public data" } ] }, { "pk": 91, "title": "TRAINING A PHYSICS-GUIDED CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK FOR SEISMIC INVERSION", "abstract": "The determination of subsurface elastic property models is crucial in quantitative seismic data processing and interpretation. This problem is commonly solved by deterministic physical methods, such as tomography or full waveform inversion (FWI). However, these methods are entirely local, and require accurate initial models. Deep learning represents a plausible class of methods for seismic inversion, which may avoid some of the issues of purely descent-based approaches; it has a growing record of providing solutions for general image processing tasks. However, any generic deep learning network capable of relating each elastic property cell value to each sample in a seismic dataset would require a very large number of degrees of freedom. Two approaches might be taken to train such a network. First, by invoking a massive and exhaustive training dataset; second, by working to reduce the degrees of freedom by enforcing physical constraints on model-data relationship. The second approach is referred to as ``theory-guiding. Based on recent progress of wave theory-designed network, we propose a hybrid network design, involving both deterministic, physics-based modelling and data-driven deep learning components. From an optimization standpoint, both a data-driven model misfit (i.e., standard deep learning), and now a model-driven data misfit (i.e., a wave propagation network), are simultaneously minimized during the training of the network. We compare the prediction capability of this physics-guided network with that of a fully data-driven counterpart in a synthetic salt velocity model building problem. The results indicate that the fully data-driven neural network acts like a smooth global inversion method: it recovers a large amount of large scale structural information, including the location and approximate boundaries of salt bodies, and background trends, directly from raw seismograms. The physics guided component appears to act to enhance detail and to more highly resolve structures, including salt body boundaries, and interfaces of background layers.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public\r\nLicenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change\r\nfree software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.\r\n\r\n This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some\r\nspecially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the\r\nFree Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You\r\ncan use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether\r\nthis license or the ordinary General Public License is the better\r\nstrategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.\r\n\r\n When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,\r\nnot price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that\r\nyou have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge\r\nfor this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get\r\nit if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of\r\nit in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do\r\nthese things.\r\n\r\n To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid\r\ndistributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these\r\nrights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for\r\nyou if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.\r\n\r\n For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis\r\nor for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave\r\nyou. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source\r\ncode. If you link other code with the library, you must provide\r\ncomplete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them\r\nwith the library after making changes to the library and recompiling\r\nit. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.\r\n\r\n We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the\r\nlibrary, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal\r\npermission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.\r\n\r\n To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that\r\nthere is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is\r\nmodified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know\r\nthat what they have is not the original version, so that the original\r\nauthor's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be\r\nintroduced by others.\r\n\f\r\n Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of\r\nany free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot\r\neffectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a\r\nrestrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that\r\nany patent license obtained for a version of the library must be\r\nconsistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license.\r\n\r\n Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser\r\nGeneral Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and\r\nis quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use\r\nthis license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those\r\nlibraries into non-free programs.\r\n\r\n When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using\r\na shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a\r\ncombined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary\r\nGeneral Public License therefore permits such linking only if the\r\nentire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General\r\nPublic License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with\r\nthe library.\r\n\r\n We call this license the \"Lesser\" General Public License because it\r\ndoes Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General\r\nPublic License. It also provides other free software developers Less\r\nof an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages\r\nare the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many\r\nlibraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain\r\nspecial circumstances.\r\n\r\n For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to\r\nencourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes\r\na de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be\r\nallowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free\r\nlibrary does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this\r\ncase, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free\r\nsoftware only, so we use the Lesser General Public License.\r\n\r\n In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free\r\nprograms enables a greater number of people to use a large body of\r\nfree software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in\r\nnon-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU\r\noperating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating\r\nsystem.\r\n\r\n Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the\r\nusers' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is\r\nlinked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run\r\nthat program using a modified version of the Library.\r\n\r\n The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and\r\nmodification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a\r\n\"work based on the library\" and a \"work that uses the library\". The\r\nformer contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must\r\nbe combined with the library in order to run.\r\n\f\r\n GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION\r\n\r\n 0. This License Agreement applies to any software library or other\r\nprogram which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or\r\nother authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of\r\nthis Lesser General Public License (also called \"this License\").\r\nEach licensee is addressed as \"you\".\r\n\r\n A \"library\" means a collection of software functions and/or data\r\nprepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs\r\n(which use some of those functions and data) to form executables.\r\n\r\n The \"Library\", below, refers to any such software library or work\r\nwhich has been distributed under these terms. A \"work based on the\r\nLibrary\" means either the Library or any derivative work under\r\ncopyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a\r\nportion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated\r\nstraightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is\r\nincluded without limitation in the term \"modification\".)\r\n\r\n \"Source code\" for a work means the preferred form of the work for\r\nmaking modifications to it. For a library, complete source code means\r\nall the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated\r\ninterface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation\r\nand installation of the library.\r\n\r\n Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not\r\ncovered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of\r\nrunning a program using the Library is not restricted, and output from\r\nsuch a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based\r\non the Library (independent of the use of the Library in a tool for\r\nwriting it). Whether that is true depends on what the Library does\r\nand what the program that uses the Library does.\r\n\r\n 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's\r\ncomplete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that\r\nyou conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an\r\nappropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact\r\nall the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any\r\nwarranty; and distribute a copy of this License along with the\r\nLibrary.\r\n\r\n You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,\r\nand you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a\r\nfee.\r\n\f\r\n 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion\r\nof it, thus forming a work based on the Library, and copy and\r\ndistribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1\r\nabove, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:\r\n\r\n a) The modified work must itself be a software library.\r\n\r\n b) You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices\r\n stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.\r\n\r\n c) You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no\r\n charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.\r\n\r\n d) If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a\r\n table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses\r\n the facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility\r\n is invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that,\r\n in the event an application does not supply such function or\r\n table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of\r\n its purpose remains meaningful.\r\n\r\n (For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has\r\n a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the\r\n application. Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any\r\n application-supplied function or table used by this function must\r\n be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square\r\n root function must still compute square roots.)\r\n\r\nThese requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If\r\nidentifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library,\r\nand can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in\r\nthemselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those\r\nsections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you\r\ndistribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based\r\non the Library, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of\r\nthis License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the\r\nentire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote\r\nit.\r\n\r\nThus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest\r\nyour rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to\r\nexercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or\r\ncollective works based on the Library.\r\n\r\nIn addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library\r\nwith the Library (or with a work based on the Library) on a volume of\r\na storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under\r\nthe scope of this License.\r\n\r\n 3. You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public\r\nLicense instead of this License to a given copy of the Library. To do\r\nthis, you must alter all the notices that refer to this License, so\r\nthat they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License, version 2,\r\ninstead of to this License. (If a newer version than version 2 of the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License has appeared, then you can specify\r\nthat version instead if you wish.) Do not make any other change in\r\nthese notices.\r\n\f\r\n Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for\r\nthat copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all\r\nsubsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy.\r\n\r\n This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of\r\nthe Library into a program that is not a library.\r\n\r\n 4. You may copy and distribute the Library (or a portion or\r\nderivative of it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form\r\nunder the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany\r\nit with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which\r\nmust be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a\r\nmedium customarily used for software interchange.\r\n\r\n If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy\r\nfrom a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the\r\nsource code from the same place satisfies the requirement to\r\ndistribute the source code, even though third parties are not\r\ncompelled to copy the source along with the object code.\r\n\r\n 5. A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the\r\nLibrary, but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled or\r\nlinked with it, is called a \"work that uses the Library\". Such a\r\nwork, in isolation, is not a derivative work of the Library, and\r\ntherefore falls outside the scope of this License.\r\n\r\n However, linking a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library\r\ncreates an executable that is a derivative of the Library (because it\r\ncontains portions of the Library), rather than a \"work that uses the\r\nlibrary\". The executable is therefore covered by this License.\r\nSection 6 states terms for distribution of such executables.\r\n\r\n When a \"work that uses the Library\" uses material from a header file\r\nthat is part of the Library, the object code for the work may be a\r\nderivative work of the Library even though the source code is not.\r\nWhether this is true is especially significant if the work can be\r\nlinked without the Library, or if the work is itself a library. The\r\nthreshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law.\r\n\r\n If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data\r\nstructure layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline\r\nfunctions (ten lines or less in length), then the use of the object\r\nfile is unrestricted, regardless of whether it is legally a derivative\r\nwork. (Executables containing this object code plus portions of the\r\nLibrary will still fall under Section 6.)\r\n\r\n Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the Library, you may\r\ndistribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6.\r\nAny executables containing that work also fall under Section 6,\r\nwhether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself.\r\n\f\r\n 6. As an exception to the Sections above, you may also combine or\r\nlink a \"work that uses the Library\" with the Library to produce a\r\nwork containing portions of the Library, and distribute that work\r\nunder terms of your choice, provided that the terms permit\r\nmodification of the work for the customer's own use and reverse\r\nengineering for debugging such modifications.\r\n\r\n You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the\r\nLibrary is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by\r\nthis License. You must supply a copy of this License. If the work\r\nduring execution displays copyright notices, you must include the\r\ncopyright notice for the Library among them, as well as a reference\r\ndirecting the user to the copy of this License. Also, you must do one\r\nof these things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the work with the complete corresponding\r\n machine-readable source code for the Library including whatever\r\n changes were used in the work (which must be distributed under\r\n Sections 1 and 2 above); and, if the work is an executable linked\r\n with the Library, with the complete machine-readable \"work that\r\n uses the Library\", as object code and/or source code, so that the\r\n user can modify the Library and then relink to produce a modified\r\n executable containing the modified Library. (It is understood\r\n that the user who changes the contents of definitions files in the\r\n Library will not necessarily be able to recompile the application\r\n to use the modified definitions.)\r\n\r\n b) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the\r\n Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (1) uses at run time a\r\n copy of the library already present on the user's computer system,\r\n rather than copying library functions into the executable, and (2)\r\n will operate properly with a modified version of the library, if\r\n the user installs one, as long as the modified version is\r\n interface-compatible with the version that the work was made with.\r\n\r\n c) Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at\r\n least three years, to give the same user the materials\r\n specified in Subsection 6a, above, for a charge no more\r\n than the cost of performing this distribution.\r\n\r\n d) If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy\r\n from a designated place, offer equivalent access to copy the above\r\n specified materials from the same place.\r\n\r\n e) Verify that the user has already received a copy of these\r\n materials or that you have already sent this user a copy.\r\n\r\n For an executable, the required form of the \"work that uses the\r\nLibrary\" must include any data and utility programs needed for\r\nreproducing the executable from it. However, as a special exception,\r\nthe materials to be distributed need not include anything that is\r\nnormally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major\r\ncomponents (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on\r\nwhich the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies\r\nthe executable.\r\n\r\n It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license\r\nrestrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally\r\naccompany the operating system. Such a contradiction means you cannot\r\nuse both them and the Library together in an executable that you\r\ndistribute.\r\n\f\r\n 7. You may place library facilities that are a work based on the\r\nLibrary side-by-side in a single library together with other library\r\nfacilities not covered by this License, and distribute such a combined\r\nlibrary, provided that the separate distribution of the work based on\r\nthe Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise\r\npermitted, and provided that you do these two things:\r\n\r\n a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work\r\n based on the Library, uncombined with any other library\r\n facilities. This must be distributed under the terms of the\r\n Sections above.\r\n\r\n b) Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact\r\n that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining\r\n where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.\r\n\r\n 8. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute\r\nthe Library except as expressly provided under this License. Any\r\nattempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or\r\ndistribute the Library is void, and will automatically terminate your\r\nrights under this License. However, parties who have received copies,\r\nor rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses\r\nterminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.\r\n\r\n 9. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not\r\nsigned it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or\r\ndistribute the Library or its derivative works. These actions are\r\nprohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by\r\nmodifying or distributing the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and\r\nall its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying\r\nthe Library or works based on it.\r\n\r\n 10. Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the\r\nLibrary), the recipient automatically receives a license from the\r\noriginal licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the Library\r\nsubject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further\r\nrestrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.\r\nYou are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with\r\nthis License.\r\n\f\r\n 11. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent\r\ninfringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),\r\nconditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or\r\notherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not\r\nexcuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot\r\ndistribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this\r\nLicense and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you\r\nmay not distribute the Library at all. For example, if a patent\r\nlicense would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Library by\r\nall those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then\r\nthe only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to\r\nrefrain entirely from distribution of the Library.\r\n\r\nIf any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any\r\nparticular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply,\r\nand the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.\r\n\r\nIt is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any\r\npatents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any\r\nsuch claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the\r\nintegrity of the free software distribution system which is\r\nimplemented by public license practices. Many people have made\r\ngenerous contributions to the wide range of software distributed\r\nthrough that system in reliance on consistent application of that\r\nsystem; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing\r\nto distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot\r\nimpose that choice.\r\n\r\nThis section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to\r\nbe a consequence of the rest of this License.\r\n\r\n 12. If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in\r\ncertain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the\r\noriginal copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add\r\nan explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries,\r\nso that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus\r\nexcluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if\r\nwritten in the body of this License.\r\n\r\n 13. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new\r\nversions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time.\r\nSuch new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version,\r\nbut may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.\r\n\r\nEach version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library\r\nspecifies a version number of this License which applies to it and\r\n\"any later version\", you have the option of following the terms and\r\nconditions either of that version or of any later version published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation. If the Library does not specify a\r\nlicense version number, you may choose any version ever published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation.\r\n\f\r\n 14. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free\r\nprograms whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these,\r\nwrite to the author to ask for permission. For software which is\r\ncopyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free\r\nSoftware Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our\r\ndecision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status\r\nof all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing\r\nand reuse of software generally.\r\n\r\n NO WARRANTY\r\n\r\n 15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO\r\nWARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.\r\nEXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR\r\nOTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY \"AS IS\" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY\r\nKIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\r\nIMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR\r\nPURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE\r\nLIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME\r\nTHE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.\r\n\r\n 16. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN\r\nWRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY\r\nAND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU\r\nFOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR\r\nCONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE\r\nLIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING\r\nRENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A\r\nFAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF\r\nSUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH\r\nDAMAGES.\r\n\r\n END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS\r\n\r\n How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries\r\n\r\n If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest\r\npossible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that\r\neveryone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting\r\nredistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the\r\nordinary General Public License).\r\n\r\n To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is\r\nsafest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively\r\nconvey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the\r\n\"copyright\" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.\r\n\r\n <one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.>\r\n Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>\r\n\r\n This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\r\n modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either\r\n version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.\r\n\r\n This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\r\n but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\r\n MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Deep learning" }, { "word": "CNN" }, { "word": "Physics-guided" }, { "word": "Seismic Inversion" }, { "word": "Velocity building" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-07-11T21:39:10+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-07-12T21:32:18+02:00", "date_published": "2020-07-12T21:32:18+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/57n2w", "authors": [ { "pk": 1755, "first_name": "Jian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sun", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6530, "first_name": "Kristopher", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Innanen", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7767, "first_name": "Chao", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Huang", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "preprint_eartharxiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/91/download/180/" }, { "original_filename": "preprint_eartharxiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/91/download/181/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 92, "title": "Alkenone isotopes show evidence of active carbon concentrating mechanisms in coccolithophores as aqueous carbon dioxide concentrations fall below 7 µmolL-1", "abstract": "Coccolithophores and other haptophyte algae acquire the carbon required for metabolic processes from the water in which they live. Whether carbon is actively moved across the cell membrane via a carbon concentrating mechanism, or passively through diffusion, is important for haptophyte biochemistry. The possible utilisation of carbon concentrating mechanisms also has the potential to overprint one proxy method by which ancient atmospheric CO2 is reconstructed using alkenone isotopes. Here I show that carbon concentrating mechanisms are likely used when aqueous carbon dioxide concentrations are below 7 µmolL-1. I use published alkenone based CO2 reconstructions from multiple sites over the Pleistocene, which allows comparison to be made with ice core CO2 records. Interrogating these records reveal that the relationship between proxy- and ice core- CO2 breaks down when local aqueous CO2 concentration falls below 7 µmolL-1. The recognition of this threshold explains why many alkenone based CO2 records fail to accurately replicate ice core CO2 records, and suggests the alkenone proxy is likely robust for much of the Cenozoic when this threshold was unlikely to be reached in much of the global ocean.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "alkenone" }, { "word": "carbon concentrating mechanism" }, { "word": "CO2" }, { "word": "Coccolithophore" }, { "word": "organic geochemistry" }, { "word": "Pleistocene" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-07-11T17:25:45+02:00", "date_accepted": "2020-07-15T16:49:32+02:00", "date_published": "2020-07-15T16:49:32+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/3ywqd", "authors": [ { "pk": 1566, "first_name": "Marcus", "middle_name": "Peter Sebastian", "last_name": "Badger", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0001-8195-5244" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Biogeochemistry" }, { "name": "Climate" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geochemistry" }, { "name": "Oceanography" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "MBadger_2020_Alkenone_CCM_EarthArXiv_Preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/92/download/182/" }, { "original_filename": "MBadger_2020_Alkenone_CCM_EarthArXiv_Preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/92/download/183/" }, { "original_filename": "EarthArXiv preprint V2.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/92/download/3642/" }, { "original_filename": "EarthArXiv preprint V3.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/92/download/4195/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] } ] }