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    "count": 6757,
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        {
            "pk": 289,
            "title": "Setting up the preservation of fluvial channel belts",
            "abstract": "Subsidence alone is often too slow to create the necessary relief needed to preserve continuous channel belts over 10s of km, as are often observed in outcrops on Earth and Mars, as well as subsurface seismic volumes. However, an alternative source of topographic relief exists along US Gulf of Mexico and SE Atlantic coastal plains, which are regions generally considered flat. Alluvial ridges, built from aggraded river-channel deposits, act as drainage divides between topographically lower regions where net-erosional tributary drainage networks develop. These tributary networks route fluid and solids from the bounding ridges to the coastline. The erosional relief produced by these networks provides additional space for later riverine deposits to accumulate, thus influencing how coastal river-channel belts are preserved in the stratigraphic record. To demonstrate the connection between this erosional topography and preserved overlying channel belts, both features were mapped in a 3D seismic volume offshore of the Brazos River delta, Texas, USA. Well-preserved fluvial channel belts are consistently mapped on top of surfaces possessing shorter, disorganized channelized features. These surfaces represent the erosional tributary surfaces of coastal tributary basins. The belts sitting above these surfaces record the occupation and filling of these basins by larger river systems. The erosional relief of a basin plus the constructional relief of the bordering ridges provides enough vertical space to prevent deposit reworking, which results in well-preserved belts recording ‘strangely ordinary’ transport conditions, and importantly, create a preservation mechanism that is both widespread and independent of allogenic forcings such as sea-level change and subsidence.",
            "license": {
                "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1",
                "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1",
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            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "stratigraphy"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Gulf of Mexico"
                },
                {
                    "word": "geomorphology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "subsidence"
                },
                {
                    "word": "3D seismic"
                },
                {
                    "word": "basin"
                },
                {
                    "word": "channel belt"
                },
                {
                    "word": "fluvial"
                },
                {
                    "word": "sedimentology"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-28T13:25:46-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-29T06:43:24-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-29T06:43:24-07:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/y7m4w",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 419,
                    "first_name": "Benjamin",
                    "middle_name": "T.",
                    "last_name": "Cardenas",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 6972,
                    "first_name": "John",
                    "middle_name": "M.",
                    "last_name": "Swartz",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 5859,
                    "first_name": "David",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Mohrig",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 9240,
                    "first_name": "Eric",
                    "middle_name": "W.",
                    "last_name": "Prokocki",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Sedimentology"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Cardenas_etal_BeltPreservation_NatureGeoUpload_EarthArxiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/289/download/576/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Cardenas_etal_BeltPreservation_EarthArxiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/289/download/577/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 290,
            "title": "Predicting outbreak-level tornado counts and casualties from environmental variables",
            "abstract": "Environmental variables are used routinely in forecasting when and where an outbreak\nof tornadoes are likely to occur, but more work is needed to understand how\ncharacteristics of severe weather outbreaks vary with the larger scale environmental\nfactors. Here the authors demonstrate a method to quantify `outbreak-level tornado\nand casualty counts with respect to variations in large-scale environmental factors.\nThey do this by fitting negative binomial regression models to cluster-level data to\nestimate the number of tornadoes and the number of casualties on days with at least\nten tornadoes. Results show that a 1000 J/kg increase in CAPE corresponds to a\n5% increase in the number of tornadoes and a 28% increase in the number of\ncasualties, conditional on at least ten tornadoes, and holding the other variables\nconstant. Further, results show that a 10 m/s increase in deep-layer bulk shear\ncorresponds to a 13% increase in tornadoes and a 98% increase in casualties,\nconditional on at least ten tornadoes, and holding the other variables constant. The\ncasualty-count model quantifies the decline in the number of casualties per year and\nindicates that outbreaks have a larger impact in the Southeast than elsewhere after\ncontrolling for population and geographic area.",
            "license": {
                "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1",
                "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1",
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You can do so by permitting\r\nredistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the\r\nordinary General Public License).\r\n\r\n  To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library.  It is\r\nsafest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively\r\nconvey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the\r\n\"copyright\" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.\r\n\r\n    <one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.>\r\n    Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>\r\n\r\n    This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\r\n    modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n    License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either\r\n    version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.\r\n\r\n    This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\r\n    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\r\n    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU\r\n    Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n    License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n    Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary.  Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n  Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n  library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n  <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n  Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!",
                "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "environment"
                },
                {
                    "word": "CAPE"
                },
                {
                    "word": "casualties"
                },
                {
                    "word": "CIN"
                },
                {
                    "word": "counts"
                },
                {
                    "word": "negative binomial"
                },
                {
                    "word": "outbreaks"
                },
                {
                    "word": "regression"
                },
                {
                    "word": "shear"
                },
                {
                    "word": "tornado"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-27T12:58:39-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-29T17:53:14-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-29T17:53:14-07:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/jfk7g",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 1835,
                    "first_name": "Zoe",
                    "middle_name": "Schroder",
                    "last_name": "Searcy",
                    "salutation": "Ms",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-3659-7999"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 14276,
                    "first_name": "James",
                    "middle_name": "B",
                    "last_name": "Elsner",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Atmospheric Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Life Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Meteorology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "PredictingTornadoCountsCasualties.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/290/download/578/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "PredictingTornadoCountsCasualties.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/290/download/579/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "PredictingTornadoCountsCasualties.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/290/download/580/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "PredictingTornadoCountsCasualties.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/290/download/581/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "PredictingTornadoCountsCasualties.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/290/download/582/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "predictingtornadocountscasualties.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/290/download/3980/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "PredictingTornadoCountsCasualties.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/290/download/3988/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "PredictingTornadoCountsCasualties.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/290/download/4197/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 291,
            "title": "Constraining global changes in temperature and precipitation from observable changes in surface radiative heating",
            "abstract": "Changes in the atmospheric composition alter the magnitude and partitioning between the downward propagating solar and atmospheric longwave radiative fluxes heating the Earths surface. These changes are computed by radiative transfer codes in Global Climate Models and measured with high precision at surface observation networks. Changes in radiative heating signify changes in the global surface temperature and hydrologic cycle. Here, we develop a conceptual framework using an Energy Balance Model to show that first‐order changes in the hydrologic cycle are mainly associated with changes in solar radiation, while those in surface temperature are mainly associated with changes in atmospheric longwave radiation. These insights are used to explain a range of phenomena including observed historical trends, biases in climate model output, and the intermodel spread in climate change projections. These results may help identify biases in future generations of climate models.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Precipitation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Climate change projections"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Convective flux"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Energy balance model"
                },
                {
                    "word": "GCM biases"
                },
                {
                    "word": "hydrologic cycle"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Latent heat flux"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Model spread"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Radiative-convective equilibrium"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Radiative transfer"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Surface energy balance"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Surface radiative heating"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Surface temperature"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Turbulent fluxes"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-27T09:03:39-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-29T23:08:07-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-29T23:08:07-07:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL087576",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/3bgqz",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 12067,
                    "first_name": "Chirag",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Dhara",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Climate"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Main_text_EarthArXiv_final.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/291/download/583/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Main_text_EarthArXiv_final.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/291/download/584/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://osf.io/b2ejp",
                    "label": "Supplementary material"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 296,
            "title": "Runout of rock avalanches limited by basal friction but controlled by fragmentation",
            "abstract": "Rock avalanches display exceptionally long runouts, which are found to correlate with their volume and attributed to size dependent dynamic lowering of the effective basal friction. However, even for similar volumes, runouts are seen to span several orders of magnitude suggesting additional controlling factors. Here, we document experiments with analogue models of rock avalanches aimed at testing the role of dynamic fragmentation. We show that for a fixed low basal friction, the runout of experimental rock avalanches varies over two orders of magnitude and is determined by their degree of fragmentation while the basal friction acts only as an upper limiter. We interpret the runout’s dependence on fragmentation to be controlled by the competition between mobility enhancing spreading and energy consuming internal friction. We formalize this competition into a scaling law based on energy conservation which shows that variation in the degree of fragmentation can explain the large variation in runout of rock avalanches seen in nature.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "friction"
                },
                {
                    "word": "analogue model"
                },
                {
                    "word": "avalanches"
                },
                {
                    "word": "fragmentation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "runout"
                },
                {
                    "word": "slides"
                },
                {
                    "word": "spreading"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-22T01:37:44-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-22T03:08:02-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-22T03:08:02-07:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-665-2021",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/2ntdc",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 5410,
                    "first_name": "Øystein",
                    "middle_name": "Thordén",
                    "last_name": "Haug",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 1623,
                    "first_name": "Matthias",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Rosenau",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 4204,
                    "first_name": "Michael",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Rudolf",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-5077-5221"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 8370,
                    "first_name": "Karen",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Leever",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 7254,
                    "first_name": "Onno",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Oncken",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geomorphology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Haug_et_al_Avalanches_v0.1.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/296/download/594/"
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                    "original_filename": "Haug_et_al_Avalanches_v0.1.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/296/download/595/"
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                    "download_url": "/repository/object/296/download/596/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Haug_et_al_Avalanches_v1.0_earthArXiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/296/download/4554/"
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                {
                    "original_filename": "Haug_et_al_Avalanches_v1.0_earthArXiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/296/download/5094/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Haug_et_al_Avalanches_v1.0_earthArXiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/296/download/5095/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 292,
            "title": "Quantitative analysis of a footwall-scarp degradation complex and syn-rift stratigraphic architecture, Exmouth Plateau, NW Shelf, offshore Australia",
            "abstract": "Interactions between footwall-, hangingwall- and axial-derived depositional systems make syn-rift stratigraphic architecture difficult to predict, and preservation of net-erosional source landscapes is limited. Distinguishing between deposits derived from fault-scarp degradation (consequent systems) and those derived from long-lived catchments beyond the fault block crest (antecedent systems) is also challenging, but important for hydrocarbon reservoir prospecting. We undertake geometric and volumetric analysis of a fault-scarp degradation complex and adjacent hangingwall-fill associated with the Thebe-2 fault block on the Exmouth Plateau, NW Shelf, offshore Australia, using high resolution 3D seismic data. Vertical and headward erosion of the complex and fault throw are measured. Seismic-stratigraphic and seismic facies mapping allow us to constrain the spatial and architectural variability of depositional systems in the hangingwall. Footwall-derived systems interacted with hangingwall- and axial-derived systems, through diversion around topography, interfingering, or successive onlap. We calculate the volume of footwall-sourced hangingwall fans (VHW) for nine quadrants along the fault block, and compare this to the volume of material eroded from the immediately up-dip fault-scarp (VFW). This analysis highlights areas of sediment bypass (VFW&gt;VHW)  and areas fed by sediment sources beyond the degraded fault scarp (VHW&gt;VFW). Exposure of the border fault footwall and adjacent fault terraces produced small catchments located beyond the fault block crest that fed the hangingwall basin. One source persisted throughout the main syn-rift episode, and its location coincided with: (i) an intra-basin topographic high; (ii) a local fault throw minimum; (iii) increased vertical and headward erosion within the fault-scarp degradation complex; and (iv) sustained clinoform development in the immediate hangingwall. Our novel quantitative volumetric approach to identify through-going sediment input points could be applied to other rift basin-fills. We highlight implications for hydrocarbon exploration and emphasise the need to incorporate interaction of multiple sediment sources and their resultant architecture in tectono-stratigraphic models for rift basins.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "catchment history"
                },
                {
                    "word": "fault scarp degradation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "footwall catchment"
                },
                {
                    "word": "rift basin"
                },
                {
                    "word": "sediment source"
                },
                {
                    "word": "sediment supply"
                },
                {
                    "word": "stratigraphic architecture"
                },
                {
                    "word": "syn-rift sedimentation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "tectonics and sedimentation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "volume balance"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-27T02:37:16-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-29T08:28:11-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-29T08:28:11-07:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.12508",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/h9bf3",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 423,
                    "first_name": "Bonita",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Barrett",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 3603,
                    "first_name": "David",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Hodgson",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 1573,
                    "first_name": "Christopher",
                    "middle_name": "Aiden-Lee",
                    "last_name": "Jackson",
                    "salutation": "Prof.",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-8592-9032"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 9268,
                    "first_name": "Christopher",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Lloyd",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 10041,
                    "first_name": "Junia",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Casagrande",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 6859,
                    "first_name": "Richard",
                    "middle_name": "E.Ll",
                    "last_name": "Collier",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-8001-0510"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Barrett et al 2020_clean version_with figs_pre_print.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/292/download/585/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Barrett et al_April 20_pre_print.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/292/download/586/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://nopims.dmp.wa.gov.au/nopims",
                    "label": "Public data"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 293,
            "title": "Global projections of compound coastal meteorological extremes",
            "abstract": "Compound coastal and inland flooding can result in catastrophic impacts in densely populated low-lying coastal areas. The dynamics and interactions between the underlying meteorological drivers in view of climate change are not fully understood at global scale. Here, we show that under a high emissions scenario the concurrence probability of extreme meteorological tides and inland precipitation would increase by more than 30% on average along coastlines worldwide by 2100 compared to present. In latitudes above 40 degrees north, compound meteorological extremes would become more than 2.5 times as frequent, while they would happen less frequently in parts of the subtropics. Climate-induced dynamics in precipitation extremes contribute to about 80% of the projected change in concurrence probability, while dynamics in meteorological tides account for 16% and those in the dependence between the two extremes for 4%. Our results indicate that not accounting for these effects in adaptation planning could leave coastal communities insufficiently protected against flooding.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. 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                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "climate change"
                },
                {
                    "word": "coastal hazards"
                },
                {
                    "word": "compound events"
                },
                {
                    "word": "compound flooding"
                },
                {
                    "word": "copulas"
                },
                {
                    "word": "cyclones"
                },
                {
                    "word": "dependence"
                },
                {
                    "word": "future projections"
                },
                {
                    "word": "meteorological extremes"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-26T03:36:12-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-29T06:42:09-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-29T06:42:09-07:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/4x2u8",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 424,
                    "first_name": "Emanuele",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Bevacqua",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 392,
                    "first_name": "Michalis",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Vousdoukas",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 8274,
                    "first_name": "Giuseppe",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Zappa",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 9288,
                    "first_name": "Kevin",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Hodges",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 10054,
                    "first_name": "Theodore",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Shepherd",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 6994,
                    "first_name": "Douglas",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Maraun",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 5781,
                    "first_name": "Lorenzo",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Mentaschi",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 8363,
                    "first_name": "Luc",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Feyen",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Bevacqua_et_al_Manuscript.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/293/download/587/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Bevacqua_et_al_Manuscript.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/293/download/588/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://osf.io/f4wnp",
                    "label": "Supplementary material"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 294,
            "title": "Modeling the spatial dynamics of marsh ponds in New England salt marshes",
            "abstract": "Ponds are common features on salt marshes, yet it is unclear how they affect large-scale marsh evolution. We developed a spatially explicit model that combines cellular automata for pond formation, expansion, and drainage, and partial differential equations for elevation dynamics. We use the mesotidal Barnstable marsh (MA, USA) as a case study, for which we measured pond expansion rate by remote sensing analysis over a 41-year time span. We estimated pond formation rate by comparing observed and modeled pond size distribution, and predicted pond deepening by comparing modeled and measured pond depth. The Barnstable marsh is currently in the pond recovery regime, i.e., every pond revegetates and recovers the necessary elevation to support plant growth after re-connecting to the channel network. This pond dynamic creates an equivalent (i.e., spatially and temporally averaged over the whole marsh) 0.5-2 mm/yr elevation loss that needs to be supplemented by excess vertical accretion. We explore how the pond regime would change with decreased sediment supply and increased relative sea-level rise (RSLR) rate, focusing on the case in which the vegetated marsh keeps pace with RSLR. When the RSLR rate remains below the minimum unvegetated deposition rate, the pond dynamics is nearly unaltered and ponds always occupy ~10% of the marsh area. However, when RSLR rate exceeds this threshold, the ponds in the marsh interior – which receive the least amount of suspended sediment – do not recover after drainage. These ponds transition to mudflats and permanently occupy up to 30% of the marsh area depending on RSLR rate. For marshes with a small tidal range, such as the microtidal Sage Lot Pond marsh on the opposite side of the peninsula from Barnstable marsh, high RSLR rates could bring every portion of the marsh into the pond runaway regime, with the whole marsh eventually converting into mudflats. In this regime, the existing marsh would disappear within centuries to millennia depending on the RSLR rate. Because of the spatial and temporal components of marsh evolution, a single RSLR threshold value applied across the entire marsh landscape provides a limited description of the marsh vulnerability to RSLR.",
            "license": {
                "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1",
                "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1",
                "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n                       Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL.  It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n                            Preamble\r\n\r\n  The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it.  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                "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Sea level rise"
                },
                {
                    "word": "sediment supply"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Marsh vertical accretion"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Pond runaway"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Tidal marshes"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-24T12:58:45-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-27T01:18:01-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-27T01:18:01-07:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/ure86",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 1658,
                    "first_name": "Giulio",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Mariotti",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 5710,
                    "first_name": "Amanda",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Spivak",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 7073,
                    "first_name": "Guido",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Ceccherini",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 8323,
                    "first_name": "Meagan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Gonneea",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 9325,
                    "first_name": "Sheron",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Luk",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 10081,
                    "first_name": "Megan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Tyrrell",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geomorphology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "SpatialDynamicsMarshPondEartArxiv2.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/294/download/589/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "SpatialDynamicsMarshPondEartArxiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/294/download/590/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 295,
            "title": "Inter-model spread in the pattern effect and its contribution to climate sensitivity in CMIP5 and CMIP6 models",
            "abstract": "Radiative feedbacks depend on the spatial patterns of sea-surface temperature (SST) and thus can change over time as SST patterns evolve – the so-called ‘pattern effect’. This study investigates inter-model differences in the magnitude of the pattern effect and how these differences contribute to the spread in the effective equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) within CMIP5 and CMIP6 models. Effective ECS from abrupt4xCO2 simulations is on average 10% higher than that inferred from historical energy budget in CMIP5, this difference is reduced to 7% on average in CMIP6, but still with a wide range across models. The (negative) net radiative feedback weakens over the course of the abrupt4xCO2 simulations in the vast majority of CMIP5 and CMIP6 models, but this weakening is less dramatic on average in CMIP6. For both ensembles, the total variance in the effective ECS is found to be dominated by the spread in radiative response on fast timescales, rather than the spread in feedback evolution over time. Using Green’s functions derived from two AGCMs shows that the spread in feedbacks on fast timescales may be primarily determined by atmospheric model physics, whereas the spread in feedback evolution towards longer timescales is primarily governed by evolving SST patterns. Inter-model spread in feedback evolution is well explained by differences in the relative warming in the West Pacific warm-pool regions for the CMIP5 models, but this relation fails to explain differences across the CMIP6 models, suggesting that stronger sensitivity of extratropical clouds to surface warming may also contribute to feedback changes in CMIP6 models.",
            "license": {
                "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1",
                "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1",
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                "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Climate sensitivity"
                },
                {
                    "word": "CMIP6"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Pattern effect"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Radiative feedback"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-22T16:44:30-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-23T16:46:54-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-23T16:46:54-07:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/ykeaq",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 426,
                    "first_name": "Yue",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Dong",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 6705,
                    "first_name": "Kyle",
                    "middle_name": "C.",
                    "last_name": "Armour",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 7955,
                    "first_name": "Mark",
                    "middle_name": "D",
                    "last_name": "Zelinka",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 427,
                    "first_name": "Cristian",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Proistosescu",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 8187,
                    "first_name": "David",
                    "middle_name": "S.",
                    "last_name": "Battisti",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 10090,
                    "first_name": "Chen",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Zhou",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 428,
                    "first_name": "Timothy",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Andrews",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Climate"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Dong_etal_2020_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/295/download/591/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Dong_etal_2020_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/295/download/592/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Dong_etal_2020_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/295/download/593/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 297,
            "title": "A seismic monitoring approach to detect and quantify river sediment mobilisation by steelhead redd-building activity",
            "abstract": "The role of spawning salmonids in altering river bed morphology and sediment transport is significant yet poorly understood. This is due, in large part, to limitations in monitoring the redd-building process in a continuous and spatially extended way. A complementary approach may be provided through the use of a small seismic sensor network analysing the ground motion signals generated by the agitation of sediment during the redd-building process. We successfully tested the viability of this approach by detecting and locating artificially-generated redd signals in a reach of the Mashel River, Washington State, USA. We then utilize records of 17 seismic stations, in which we automatically detected seismic events that were subsequently manually checked, yielding a catalogue of 45 potential redd-building events. Such redd-building events typically lasted between one and twenty minutes and were comprised of a series of clusters of 50–100 short energetic pulses in the 20–60 Hz frequency range. The majority (&gt; 90 %) of these redd-building events occurred within eleven days, predominantly during the early morning and late afternoon. The seismically derived locations of the signals were in agreement with independently mapped redds. Improved network geometry and installation conditions are required for more efficient detection, robust location and improved energetic insights to redd-building processes in larger reaches. The passive and continuous nature of the seismic approach in detecting redds and describing fish behaviour provides a novel tool for fish biologists and fisheries managers, but also for fluvial geomorphologists, interested in quantifying the amount of sediment mobilised by this ecosystem engineer. When complemented with classic approaches, it could allow for a more holistic picture of the kinetics and temporal patterns (at scales from seconds to multiple seasons) of a key phase of salmonid life cycles.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
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However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Environmental seismology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Biogeomorphology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Ecosystem Engineers"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Gravel-bed Rivers"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Salmonid Spawning"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-20T10:44:51-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-20T12:28:28-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-20T12:28:28-07:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/ve3ya",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 22089,
                    "first_name": "Michael",
                    "middle_name": "C.",
                    "last_name": "Dietze",
                    "salutation": "Prof.",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 5816,
                    "first_name": "James",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Losee",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 7170,
                    "first_name": "Lina",
                    "middle_name": "E.",
                    "last_name": "Polvi",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 8389,
                    "first_name": "Daniel",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Palm",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geomorphology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "MS_02_01.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/297/download/597/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "manuscript_01_05_with_cover_page.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/297/download/598/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://osf.io/dexaq",
                    "label": "Supplementary material"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 298,
            "title": "Using large-scale NO2 data from citizen science for air quality compliance and policy support",
            "abstract": "Citizen science projects that monitor air quality have recently drastically expanded in scale. Projects involving thousands of citizens generate spatially dense datasets using low-cost passive samplers for nitrogen dioxide (NO2), which complement data from the sparse reference network operated by environmental agencies. However, there is a critical bottleneck in using these citizen-derived datasets for air quality policy. Passive samplers typically determine the average concentration over a time span of only a few weeks, and this time-limited character of the monitoring effort prohibits policy use, as compliance checking requires annual averaged concentrations, which are not affected by seasonal fluctuations in air quality.  Here, we describe a model approach to reliably transform passive sampler NO2 data from multi-week averages to  annual averaged values. We verify the assumptions underlying the model procedure, and demonstrate that model uncertainty complies with the EU quality objectives for air quality monitoring. Our approach allows a considerable cost-optimization of passive sampler campaigns and removes a critical bottleneck for citizen-derived data to be used for compliance checking and air quality policy use.",
            "license": {
                "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1",
                "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1",
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                "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "air quality"
                },
                {
                    "word": "citizen science"
                },
                {
                    "word": "model"
                },
                {
                    "word": "NO2"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-19T01:00:41-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-21T03:45:00-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-21T03:45:00-07:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c02436",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/ft7mr",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 5423,
                    "first_name": "Sam",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "De Craemer",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 5845,
                    "first_name": "Jordy",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Vercauteren",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 7195,
                    "first_name": "Frans",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Fierens",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 7458,
                    "first_name": "Wouter",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Lefebvre",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 3671,
                    "first_name": "Filip",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Meysman",
                    "salutation": "Prof.",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Monitoring"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Life Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Extrapolation manuscript Revision 03 Postprint Incluiding SI.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/298/download/599/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Extrapolation manuscript v08 main text and SI combined.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/298/download/600/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Extrapolation manuscript v08 main text and SI combined.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/298/download/601/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Extrapolation manuscript v08 main text and SI combined.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/298/download/602/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://osf.io/bf6sy",
                    "label": "Supplementary material"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 299,
            "title": "Spontaneous Cyclogenesis without Radiative and Surface-Flux Feedbacks",
            "abstract": "Tropical cyclones (TCs) are among the most intense and feared storms in the world. What physical processes lead to cyclogenesis remains the most mysterious aspect of TC physics. Here, we study spontaneous TC genesis in rotating radiative-convective equilibrium using cloud-resolving simulations over an f-plane with constant sea-surface temperature. Previous studies proposed that spontaneous TC genesis requires either radiative or surface-flux feedbacks. To test this hypothesis, we perform mechanism-denial experiments, in which we switch off both feedback processes in numerical simulations. We find that TCs can self-emerge even without radiative and surface-flux feedbacks. Although these feedbacks accelerate the genesis and impact the size of the TCs, TCs in the experiments without them can reach similar intensities as those in the control experiment. We show that TC genesis is associated with an increase in the Available Potential Energy (APE); and that convective heating dominates the APE production. Our result suggests that spontaneous TC genesis may result from a cooperative interaction between convection and circulation, and that radiative and surface-flux feedbacks accelerate the process. Furthermore, we find that increasing the planetary rotation favors spontaneous TC genesis.",
            "license": {
                "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1",
                "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1",
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                "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "tropical cyclone"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Atmospheric Science"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Cyclogenesis"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Self-aggregation"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-17T21:47:09-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-18T03:14:20-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-18T03:14:20-07:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/8fshw",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 4338,
                    "first_name": "Argel",
                    "middle_name": "Ramírez",
                    "last_name": "Reyes",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-7742-9014"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 2417,
                    "first_name": "Da",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Yang",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Atmospheric Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "RamirezReyes_Yang_2020_submission_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/299/download/603/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "RamirezReyes_Yang_2020_revised_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/299/download/5073/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "RamirezReyes_Yang_2020_revised_v3_ARR_preprint_eartharxive.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/299/download/5568/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "RamirezReyes_Yang_2020_revised_v3_ARR_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/299/download/5579/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "RamirezReyes_Yang_2020_revised_v3_ARR_preprint_eartharxive.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/299/download/5580/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "RamirezReyes_Yang_2020_revised_v3_ARR_preprint_eartharxive.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/299/download/5622/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 300,
            "title": "Modelling high-frequency seismograms at ocean bottom seismometers: effects of heterogeneous structures on source parameter estimation for small offshore earthquakes and shallow low-frequency tremors",
            "abstract": "The source characteristics of offshore seismic events, especially regular (or fast) and slow earthquakes, can provide key information on their source physics and frictional conditions at the plate boundary. Due to strong three-dimensional heterogeneities in offshore regions, such as those relating to seawater, accretionary prism, and small-scale velocity heterogeneity, conventional methods using a one-dimensional Earth model may misestimate source parameters such as the duration and radiation energy. Estimations could become severe inaccuracies for small offshore seismic events because high-frequency (&gt; 1 Hz) seismograms, which are strongly affected by three-dimensional heterogeneities, are only available for analysis because of their signal-to-noise ratio. To investigate the effects of offshore heterogeneities on source parameter estimation for small seismic events, we analysed both observed and simulated high-frequency seismograms southeast off the Kii Peninsula, Japan, in the Nankai subduction zone. Numerical simulations of seismic wave propagation using a three-dimensional velocity structure model clarified the effects of each heterogeneity. Comparisons between observations and model simulations demonstrated that the thick low-velocity accretionary prism has significant effects on high-frequency seismic wave propagation. Especially for shallow low-frequency tremors occurring at depths just below the accretionary prism toe, seismogram durations are significantly broader than an assumed source duration, even for stations with epicentral distances of approximately 10 km. Spindle-shape seismogram envelopes were observed even at such close stations. Our results suggest that incorporating three-dimensional heterogeneities is necessary for practical estimation of source parameters for small offshore events.",
            "license": {
                "name": "Academic Free License (AFL) 3.0",
                "short_name": "AFL 3.0",
                "text": "Academic Free License (\"AFL\") v. 3.0\r\nThis Academic Free License (the \"License\") applies to any original work of authorship (the \"Original Work\") whose owner (the \"Licensor\") has placed the following licensing notice adjacent to the copyright notice for the Original Work:\r\n\r\nLicensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0\r\n\r\n1) Grant of Copyright License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, for the duration of the copyright, to do the following:\r\n\r\na) to reproduce the Original Work in copies, either alone or as part of a collective work;\r\n\r\nb) to translate, adapt, alter, transform, modify, or arrange the Original Work, thereby creating derivative works (\"Derivative Works\") based upon the Original Work;\r\n\r\nc) to distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work and Derivative Works to the public, under any license of your choice that does not contradict the terms and conditions, including Licensor's reserved rights and remedies, in this Academic Free License;\r\n\r\nd) to perform the Original Work publicly; and\r\n\r\ne) to display the Original Work publicly.\r\n\r\n2) Grant of Patent License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, under patent claims owned or controlled by the Licensor that are embodied in the Original Work as furnished by the Licensor, for the duration of the patents, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, and import the Original Work and Derivative Works.\r\n\r\n3) Grant of Source Code License. The term \"Source Code\" means the preferred form of the Original Work for making modifications to it and all available documentation describing how to modify the Original Work. Licensor agrees to provide a machine-readable copy of the Source Code of the Original Work along with each copy of the Original Work that Licensor distributes. 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You must retain, in the Source Code of any Derivative Works that You create, all copyright, patent, or trademark notices from the Source Code of the Original Work, as well as any notices of licensing and any descriptive text identified therein as an \"Attribution Notice.\" You must cause the Source Code for any Derivative Works that You create to carry a prominent Attribution Notice reasonably calculated to inform recipients that You have modified the Original Work.\r\n\r\n7) Warranty of Provenance and Disclaimer of Warranty. Licensor warrants that the copyright in and to the Original Work and the patent rights granted herein by Licensor are owned by the Licensor or are sublicensed to You under the terms of this License with the permission of the contributor(s) of those copyrights and patent rights. Except as expressly stated in the immediately preceding sentence, the Original Work is provided under this License on an \"AS IS\" BASIS and WITHOUT WARRANTY, either express or implied, including, without limitation, the warranties of non-infringement, merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY OF THE ORIGINAL WORK IS WITH YOU. This DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY constitutes an essential part of this License. No license to the Original Work is granted by this License except under this disclaimer.\r\n\r\n8) Limitation of Liability. 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This License conditions your rights to undertake the activities listed in Section 1, including your right to create Derivative Works based upon the Original Work, and doing so without honoring these terms and conditions is prohibited by copyright law and international treaty. Nothing in this License is intended to affect copyright exceptions and limitations (including \"fair use\" or \"fair dealing\"). This License shall terminate immediately and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License upon your failure to honor the conditions in Section 1(c).\r\n\r\n10) Termination for Patent Action. This License shall terminate automatically and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License as of the date You commence an action, including a cross-claim or counterclaim, against Licensor or any licensee alleging that the Original Work infringes a patent. This termination provision shall not apply for an action alleging patent infringement by combinations of the Original Work with other software or hardware.\r\n\r\n11) Jurisdiction, Venue and Governing Law. Any action or suit relating to this License may be brought only in the courts of a jurisdiction wherein the Licensor resides or in which Licensor conducts its primary business, and under the laws of that jurisdiction excluding its conflict-of-law provisions. The application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is expressly excluded. Any use of the Original Work outside the scope of this License or after its termination shall be subject to the requirements and penalties of copyright or patent law in the appropriate jurisdiction. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n12) Attorneys' Fees. In any action to enforce the terms of this License or seeking damages relating thereto, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover its costs and expenses, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and costs incurred in connection with such action, including any appeal of such action. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n13) Miscellaneous. If any provision of this License is held to be unenforceable, such provision shall be reformed only to the extent necessary to make it enforceable.\r\n\r\n14) Definition of \"You\" in This License. \"You\" throughout this License, whether in upper or lower case, means an individual or a legal entity exercising rights under, and complying with all of the terms of, this License. For legal entities, \"You\" includes any entity that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with you. For purposes of this definition, \"control\" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.\r\n\r\n15) Right to Use. You may use the Original Work in all ways not otherwise restricted or conditioned by this License or by law, and Licensor promises not to interfere with or be responsible for such uses by You.\r\n\r\n16) Modification of This License. This License is Copyright © 2005 Lawrence Rosen. Permission is granted to copy, distribute, or communicate this License without modification. Nothing in this License permits You to modify this License as applied to the Original Work or to Derivative Works. However, You may modify the text of this License and copy, distribute or communicate your modified version (the \"Modified License\") and apply it to other original works of authorship subject to the following conditions: (i) You may not indicate in any way that your Modified License is the \"Academic Free License\" or \"AFL\" and you may not use those names in the name of your Modified License; (ii) You must replace the notice specified in the first paragraph above with the notice \"Licensed under <insert your license name here>\" or with a notice of your own that is not confusingly similar to the notice in this License; and (iii) You may not claim that your original works are open source software unless your Modified License has been approved by Open Source Initiative (OSI) and You comply with its license review and certification process.",
                "url": "http://opensource.org/licenses/AFL-3.0"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Earthquake source observations"
                },
                {
                    "word": "earthquake ground motions"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Nankai Trough"
                },
                {
                    "word": "seismicity and tectonics"
                },
                {
                    "word": "slow earthquake"
                },
                {
                    "word": "wave propagation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "wave scattering and diffraction"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-17T20:27:00-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-18T03:13:38-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-18T03:13:38-07:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa404",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/ngy2j",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 1583,
                    "first_name": "Shunsuke",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Takemura",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-7511-3443"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 5889,
                    "first_name": "Suguru",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Yabe",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 7227,
                    "first_name": "Kentaro",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Emoto",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geophysics and Seismology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "2020TakemuraYabeEmoto_AAM.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/300/download/604/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "2020TakemuraYabeEmoto_R1_Preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/300/download/605/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "2020TakemuraYabeEmoto_20200418_Preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/300/download/606/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://osf.io/56atb",
                    "label": "Supplementary material"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://doi.org/10.17598/NIED.0005",
                    "label": "Public data"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://doi.org/10.17598/NIED.0008",
                    "label": "Public data"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3712649",
                    "label": "Public data"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 301,
            "title": "Palaeotidal atlas of the UK for the last 10,000 years",
            "abstract": "Over the past 10,000 years the UK has seen dramatic changes to its coastline due to sea-level rise. Past changes in sea level can be estimated from analysis of sedimentary deposits, including any microfossil assemblages found within. Once dated and the elevation is know, these data become sea level index points (SLIPs). In recreating past sea level in this way there is an implicit assumption of no change to the tidal regime, despite the fact we know this not to be true. Here, I present modelling simulations of the tides of the UK for the past 10,000 years based on current estimates of palaeoshorelines and bathymetry. I validate the tidal model on modern tidal gauges using the 0 m contour as a shoreline as well as modern shoreline data, before using the same model to create 30 day tidal simulations at 1,000 year intervals. This palaeotidal atlas can be used to estimate both maximum tidal heights and tidal range which in turn could be used to correct SLIPs. The results are consistent with previous estimates, despite differences in estimated palaeobathymetry, boundary conditions and numerical technology used. The tidal maps published will have a wide range of uses across Quaternary science.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Tides"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Sea level"
                },
                {
                    "word": "modelling"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-17T08:26:19-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-18T09:54:05-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-18T09:54:05-07:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/dbm2y",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 434,
                    "first_name": "Jon",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Hill",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Palaeotidal_atlas_of_the_UK_for_the_last_10_000_years.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/301/download/607/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Palaeotidal_atlas_of_the_UK_for_the_last_10_000_years.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/301/download/608/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Palaeotidal_atlas_of_the_UK_for_the_last_10_000_years.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/301/download/609/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 302,
            "title": "Lateral variability in strain along a mass-transport deposit (MTD) toewall: a case study from the Makassar Strait, offshore Indonesia",
            "abstract": "Contractional features characterise the toe domain of mass-transport deposits (MTDs). Their frontal geometry is typically classified as frontally-confined or frontally-emergent. However, it remains unclear how frontal emplacement style and contractional strain within an MTD can vary along strike. We use bathymetry and 3D seismic reflection data to investigate lateral variability of frontal emplacement and strain within the toe domain of the Haya Slide in the Makassar Strait. The slide originated from an anticline flank collapse, and the toe domain is characterised by a radial fold-and-thrust belt that reflects southwestwards emplacement. The frontal geometry of the slide changes laterally. In the S, it is frontally-confined, associated with a deep, c. 200 mbsf, and planar basal shear surface. The frontal geometry gradually changes to frontally-emergent in the W, associated with a shallow, c. 120 mbsf, and NE-dipping, c. 3o, basal shear surface. Strain analysis shows c. 8-14% shortening, with cumulative throw of the thrusts that increases along strike westwards from c. 20-40 to c. 40-80 m. We show that even minor horizontal translation of MTDs (c. 1 km) can result in marked lateral variability in frontal geometry and strain within the failed body, which may influence their seal potential in petroleum systems.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "mass-transport complex"
                },
                {
                    "word": "3D seismic reflection data"
                },
                {
                    "word": "frontal geometry"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Makassar Strait"
                },
                {
                    "word": "strain variability"
                },
                {
                    "word": "submarine landslide"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-17T05:59:51-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-18T07:21:34-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-18T07:21:34-07:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2020-071",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/vzpq2",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 4105,
                    "first_name": "Harya",
                    "middle_name": "Dwi",
                    "last_name": "Nugraha",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-6099-7947"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 1573,
                    "first_name": "Christopher",
                    "middle_name": "Aiden-Lee",
                    "last_name": "Jackson",
                    "salutation": "Prof.",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-8592-9032"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 8280,
                    "first_name": "Howard",
                    "middle_name": "D.",
                    "last_name": "Johnson",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 3603,
                    "first_name": "David",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Hodgson",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geomorphology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Sedimentology"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Nugraha et al_The Haya Slide.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/302/download/610/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Nugraha et al_The Haya Slide.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/302/download/611/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Nugraha et al_The Haya Slide.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/302/download/612/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Nugraha et al_The Haya Slide.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/302/download/613/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 303,
            "title": "Flow directions of rivers are set by the mantle",
            "abstract": "Large rivers play crucial roles in determining loci of civilisation, natural resources and biodiversity. The positions of their mouths control nutrient and sediment supply to oceans. The paths that rivers take across the Earth’s surface varies considerably with scale. For example, at large scales big North American rivers (e.g. Mississippi, Colorado, Columbia) have simple flow paths that can be described by a few changes in direction. However, at smaller scales, in headwaters or meanders for example, their paths can change rapidly. We map the scales at which river planforms are set so that their positions can be compared to driving processes at appropriate scales (e.g. lithology, mantle convection, biota). To do so, we develop a spectral methodology to map azimuths as a function of distance and scale (wavenumber). The resultant maps of azimuth in distance-wavenumber space are compared to independent environmental variables (e.g. lithology, dynamic topography, crust and lithospheric thickness) across the scales of interest, here 1–10 3 km. The results show that the low directions of large rivers in Western North America are set at large scales, O(10 3 ) m, and follow patterns of mantle convection. Planforms of major rivers, and as a result loci of civilisation, natural resources and chemical efflux to the oceans, are therefore principally driven by evolution of the solid Earth.",
            "license": {
                "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1",
                "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1",
                "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n                       Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL.  It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n                            Preamble\r\n\r\n  The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it.  By contrast, the GNU General Public\r\nLicenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change\r\nfree software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.\r\n\r\n  This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some\r\nspecially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the\r\nFree Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it.  You\r\ncan use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether\r\nthis license or the ordinary General Public License is the better\r\nstrategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.\r\n\r\n  When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,\r\nnot price.  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                "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt"
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-17T01:59:17-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-17T02:46:40-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-17T02:46:40-07:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/p5q3x",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 1569,
                    "first_name": "Alex",
                    "middle_name": "George",
                    "last_name": "Lipp",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-2130-8576"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 4686,
                    "first_name": "Gareth",
                    "middle_name": "G",
                    "last_name": "Roberts",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-6487-8117"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geophysics and Seismology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "lipp_roberts_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/303/download/614/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "for_earth_arxiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/303/download/615/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "directions_v2_for_arxiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/303/download/616/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "lipp_roberts_2020.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/303/download/3676/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "accepted_ms.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/303/download/3993/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 304,
            "title": "Lockdown caused by COVID-19 pandemic reduces air pollution in cities worldwide",
            "abstract": "Drastic measures such as lockdown taken by countries worldwide to contain spread of COVID-19 have influenced air pollution dynamics substantially, at a planetary scale. Several media reported the lockdown induced air pollution reduction based on quickly assembled satellite observations. However, a global-scale analysis of such reduction in air pollution backed by quality data collected from ground stations across the world and the effects of lockdown to it are missing. Here, we investigate changes in concentrations of six air pollutants: PM2.5, PM10, O3, SO2, CO, and NO2 in 40 cities between February, March 2019 and 2020. The mean monthly concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 in February and March of 2020 were found consistently lower than in 2019 in most of the cities. After lockdown, declines of anthropogenic pollutants such as NO2, CO, PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were seen in 19, 9, 8 and 7 cities respectively. Improvement in air quality following lockdown was observed in the worlds most polluted cities including Bangalore, Beijing, Bangkok, Delhi, and Nanjing, as well as the worlds major trade centers including New York, London, Paris, Seoul, Sydney, and Tokyo. More visible reduction of air pollution remains to be seen if the lockdown is prolonged. Nevertheless, such reductions are expected to be temporary because the levels are likely to go up again once the situation gets back to normal.",
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                "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "air pollution"
                },
                {
                    "word": "COVID-19"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Cities"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Global Health"
                },
                {
                    "word": "lockdown"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-15T21:47:28-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-18T09:55:45-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-18T09:55:45-07:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/edt4j",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 435,
                    "first_name": "Asheshwor",
                    "middle_name": "Man",
                    "last_name": "Shrestha",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 436,
                    "first_name": "Uttam",
                    "middle_name": "Babu",
                    "last_name": "Shrestha",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 437,
                    "first_name": "Roshan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Sharma",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 438,
                    "first_name": "Suraj",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Bhattarai",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 439,
                    "first_name": "Hanh",
                    "middle_name": "Ngoc Thi",
                    "last_name": "Tran",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 10162,
                    "first_name": "Maheswar",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Rupakheti",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Monitoring"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Life Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Medicine and Health Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Manuscript_pdf_final_1.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/304/download/617/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Manuscript_pdf_final.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/304/download/618/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Manuscript_pdf1.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/304/download/619/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 305,
            "title": "D-SRGAN: DEM Super-Resolution with Generative Adversarial Networks",
            "abstract": "LIDAR (light detection and ranging) is an optical remote-sensing technique that measures the distance between sensor and object, and the reflected energy from the object. Over the years, LIDAR data has been used as the primary source of Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). DEMs have been used in a variety of applications like road extraction, hydrological modeling, flood mapping, and surface analysis. A number of studies in flooding suggest the usage of high- resolution DEMs as inputs in the applications improve the overall reliability and accuracy. Despite the importance of high-resolution DEM, many areas in the United States and the world do not have access to high-resolution DEM due to technological limitations or the cost of the data collection. With recent development in Graphical Processing Units (GPU) and novel algorithms, deep learning techniques have become attractive to researchers for their performance in learning features from high-resolution datasets. Numerous new methods have been proposed such as Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to create intelligent models that correct and augment large-scale datasets. In this paper, a GAN based model is developed and evaluated, inspired by single image super-resolution methods, to increase the spatial resolution of a given DEM dataset up to 4 times without additional information related to data.",
            "license": {
                "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1",
                "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1",
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You can do so by permitting\r\nredistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the\r\nordinary General Public License).\r\n\r\n  To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library.  It is\r\nsafest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively\r\nconvey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the\r\n\"copyright\" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.\r\n\r\n    <one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.>\r\n    Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>\r\n\r\n    This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\r\n    modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n    License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either\r\n    version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.\r\n\r\n    This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\r\n    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\r\n    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU\r\n    Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n    License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n    Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary.  Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n  Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n  library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n  <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n  Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!",
                "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Generative Adversarial Networks"
                },
                {
                    "word": "digital elevation model"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Neural Networks"
                },
                {
                    "word": "LiDAR"
                },
                {
                    "word": "super-resolution"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-15T21:20:34-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-18T03:12:59-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-18T03:12:59-07:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/frd8x",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 12700,
                    "first_name": "Bekir Zahit",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Demiray",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 3939,
                    "first_name": "Muhammed",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Sit",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-2707-6692"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 3764,
                    "first_name": "Ibrahim",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Demir",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Computer Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Engineering"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "D_SRGAN_EarthArXiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/305/download/620/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "D_SRGAN_EarthArxiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/305/download/621/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 315,
            "title": "Cascading Failure Phenomenon in the Multi-Stage Hydraulically Fractured Wells",
            "abstract": "The phenomenon of cascading fracture failure during flowback and initial production from a horizontal multistage hydraulically fractured well is introduced, described, and investigated. First, a simplified analytical model of production from such well is built. This model allows evaluating a range of systems parameters through which the cascading failure evolves and performing a sensitivity study of this effect. Next, while keeping the physical model of the system relatively simple, the critical flow rates causing the motion of proppant pack in fractures are treated as random variables. This assumption brings the next level of sophistication to the model and allows demonstrating non-obvious effects. In particular, the well production rate losses due to cascading fracture failure are estimated. Finally, the proposed hypothesis is validated by conducting numerical simulations of flowback in the estimated conditions of cascading failure. As a practical outcome of this study, recommendations on the mitigation of the well productivity failure caused by cascading failure are formulated and discussed.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "fracturing"
                },
                {
                    "word": "cascading"
                },
                {
                    "word": "failure"
                },
                {
                    "word": "flowback"
                },
                {
                    "word": "hydraulic"
                },
                {
                    "word": "multistage"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-13T00:49:06-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-13T09:19:19-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-13T09:19:19-07:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/mct9q",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 448,
                    "first_name": "Konstantin",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Sinkov",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 6199,
                    "first_name": "Dimitry",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Chuprakov",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 7473,
                    "first_name": "Maxim",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Chertov",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 8636,
                    "first_name": "Dean",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Willberg",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 9570,
                    "first_name": "Pavel",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Spesivtsev",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Oil, Gas, and Energy"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "cascading_failure_of_fractures-2020-08-17.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/315/download/646/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "cascading_failure_of_fractures.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/315/download/647/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 306,
            "title": "Lateral variations in lower crustal strength control the temporal evolution of mountain ranges: examples from south-east Tibet",
            "abstract": "Controversy surrounds the rheology of the continental lithosphere, and how it controls the evolution and behaviour of mountain ranges. In this study, we investigate the effect of lateral contrasts in the strength of the lower crust, such as those between cratonic continental interiors and weaker rocks in the adjacent deforming regions, on the evolution of topography. We combine numerical modelling with recently published results from stable-isotope palaeoaltimetry in south-east Tibet. Stable-isotope palaeoaltimetry in this region provides constraints on vertical motions, which are required to distinguish between competing models for lithosphere rheology and deformation. We use numerical modelling to investigate the effect of lateral strength contrasts on the shape and temporal evolution of mountain ranges. In combination with palaeoaltimetry results, our modelling suggests that lateral strength contrasts provide a first-order control on the evolution of topography in south-east Tibet. We find that the evolution of topography in the presence of such strength contrasts leads to laterally-varying topographic gradients, and to key features of the GPS- and earthquake-derived strain-rate field, without the need for a low-viscosity, lower-crustal channel. We also find that palaeoaltimetric samples may have been transported laterally for hundreds of kilometres, an effect which should be accounted for in their interpretation. Our results are likely to be applicable to the evolution of mountain ranges in general, and provide an explanation for the spatial correlation between cratonic lowland regions and steep mountain range-fronts.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "rheology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "continental dynamics"
                },
                {
                    "word": "mountain building"
                },
                {
                    "word": "paleoaltimetry"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Tibet"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-15T08:27:45-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-17T02:23:26-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-17T02:23:26-07:00",
            "doi": "http://doi.org/10.1029/2020GC009092",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/zxq4t",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 1693,
                    "first_name": "Camilla",
                    "middle_name": "Emily",
                    "last_name": "Penney",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 16299,
                    "first_name": "Alex",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Copley",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geochemistry"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geomorphology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geophysics and Seismology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Tectonics and Structure"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "lateral_strength_changes_revised2_arxiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/306/download/622/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "lat_strength_contrasts_arxiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/306/download/623/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "manuscript_arxiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/306/download/624/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "manuscript.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/306/download/625/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "lateral_strength_changes_revised3_arxiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/306/download/3837/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "lateral_strength_changes_accepted_arxiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/306/download/3925/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "lateral_strength_changes_final_arxiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/306/download/4381/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "lateral_strength_changes_final_arxiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/306/download/4394/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 307,
            "title": "Do atmospheric plastics act as fomites for novel viruses?",
            "abstract": "Plastic particles are ubiquitous in various environmental compartments, the atmosphere being the least explored compartment in terms of plastic pollution. The way that atmospheric plastics affect the biological systems has not yet been explored when compared to aquatic ecosystems. There are many speculated human health impacts, one definite and direct impact of atmospheric plastics would be towards the respiratory system as these are previously found extensively in human lungs. We identify the ability of suspended atmospheric plastics to act as a potential fomite for microbes, both pathogenic and non-pathogenic. We discuss the relevance of such fomites in the wake of the current global pandemic involving a novel respiratory virus, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Virus laden bioaerosols can adhere to the plastic particles and can be directly transported to the airway and lungs, besides enabling its long-distance travel. Currently, it is not known whether these pathways are more efficient than the bioaerosols itself in driving the spread of viral infections. Once sufficient data regarding the global spatial dynamics of the current virus transmission is available, it will be interesting to examine the dynamics of the disease in heavily urbanized regions where there is a substantial amount of prevailing atmospheric plastic particles. Thus, we hope that this communication will serve as a call for astute investigations in this less explored realm concerning human health impacts of suspended atmospherics plastics, and its role in the transmission and transport of novel respiratory viruses.",
            "license": {
                "name": "Academic Free License (AFL) 3.0",
                "short_name": "AFL 3.0",
                "text": "Academic Free License (\"AFL\") v. 3.0\r\nThis Academic Free License (the \"License\") applies to any original work of authorship (the \"Original Work\") whose owner (the \"Licensor\") has placed the following licensing notice adjacent to the copyright notice for the Original Work:\r\n\r\nLicensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0\r\n\r\n1) Grant of Copyright License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, for the duration of the copyright, to do the following:\r\n\r\na) to reproduce the Original Work in copies, either alone or as part of a collective work;\r\n\r\nb) to translate, adapt, alter, transform, modify, or arrange the Original Work, thereby creating derivative works (\"Derivative Works\") based upon the Original Work;\r\n\r\nc) to distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work and Derivative Works to the public, under any license of your choice that does not contradict the terms and conditions, including Licensor's reserved rights and remedies, in this Academic Free License;\r\n\r\nd) to perform the Original Work publicly; and\r\n\r\ne) to display the Original Work publicly.\r\n\r\n2) Grant of Patent License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, under patent claims owned or controlled by the Licensor that are embodied in the Original Work as furnished by the Licensor, for the duration of the patents, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, and import the Original Work and Derivative Works.\r\n\r\n3) Grant of Source Code License. The term \"Source Code\" means the preferred form of the Original Work for making modifications to it and all available documentation describing how to modify the Original Work. Licensor agrees to provide a machine-readable copy of the Source Code of the Original Work along with each copy of the Original Work that Licensor distributes. Licensor reserves the right to satisfy this obligation by placing a machine-readable copy of the Source Code in an information repository reasonably calculated to permit inexpensive and convenient access by You for as long as Licensor continues to distribute the Original Work.\r\n\r\n4) Exclusions From License Grant. Neither the names of Licensor, nor the names of any contributors to the Original Work, nor any of their trademarks or service marks, may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this Original Work without express prior permission of the Licensor. Except as expressly stated herein, nothing in this License grants any license to Licensor's trademarks, copyrights, patents, trade secrets or any other intellectual property. No patent license is granted to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, or import embodiments of any patent claims other than the licensed claims defined in Section 2. No license is granted to the trademarks of Licensor even if such marks are included in the Original Work. Nothing in this License shall be interpreted to prohibit Licensor from licensing under terms different from this License any Original Work that Licensor otherwise would have a right to license.\r\n\r\n5) External Deployment. The term \"External Deployment\" means the use, distribution, or communication of the Original Work or Derivative Works in any way such that the Original Work or Derivative Works may be used by anyone other than You, whether those works are distributed or communicated to those persons or made available as an application intended for use over a network. As an express condition for the grants of license hereunder, You must treat any External Deployment by You of the Original Work or a Derivative Work as a distribution under section 1(c).\r\n\r\n6) Attribution Rights. You must retain, in the Source Code of any Derivative Works that You create, all copyright, patent, or trademark notices from the Source Code of the Original Work, as well as any notices of licensing and any descriptive text identified therein as an \"Attribution Notice.\" You must cause the Source Code for any Derivative Works that You create to carry a prominent Attribution Notice reasonably calculated to inform recipients that You have modified the Original Work.\r\n\r\n7) Warranty of Provenance and Disclaimer of Warranty. Licensor warrants that the copyright in and to the Original Work and the patent rights granted herein by Licensor are owned by the Licensor or are sublicensed to You under the terms of this License with the permission of the contributor(s) of those copyrights and patent rights. Except as expressly stated in the immediately preceding sentence, the Original Work is provided under this License on an \"AS IS\" BASIS and WITHOUT WARRANTY, either express or implied, including, without limitation, the warranties of non-infringement, merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY OF THE ORIGINAL WORK IS WITH YOU. This DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY constitutes an essential part of this License. No license to the Original Work is granted by this License except under this disclaimer.\r\n\r\n8) Limitation of Liability. Under no circumstances and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, shall the Licensor be liable to anyone for any indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or the use of the Original Work including, without limitation, damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses. This limitation of liability shall not apply to the extent applicable law prohibits such limitation.\r\n\r\n9) Acceptance and Termination. If, at any time, You expressly assented to this License, that assent indicates your clear and irrevocable acceptance of this License and all of its terms and conditions. If You distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work or a Derivative Work, You must make a reasonable effort under the circumstances to obtain the express assent of recipients to the terms of this License. This License conditions your rights to undertake the activities listed in Section 1, including your right to create Derivative Works based upon the Original Work, and doing so without honoring these terms and conditions is prohibited by copyright law and international treaty. Nothing in this License is intended to affect copyright exceptions and limitations (including \"fair use\" or \"fair dealing\"). This License shall terminate immediately and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License upon your failure to honor the conditions in Section 1(c).\r\n\r\n10) Termination for Patent Action. This License shall terminate automatically and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License as of the date You commence an action, including a cross-claim or counterclaim, against Licensor or any licensee alleging that the Original Work infringes a patent. This termination provision shall not apply for an action alleging patent infringement by combinations of the Original Work with other software or hardware.\r\n\r\n11) Jurisdiction, Venue and Governing Law. Any action or suit relating to this License may be brought only in the courts of a jurisdiction wherein the Licensor resides or in which Licensor conducts its primary business, and under the laws of that jurisdiction excluding its conflict-of-law provisions. The application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is expressly excluded. Any use of the Original Work outside the scope of this License or after its termination shall be subject to the requirements and penalties of copyright or patent law in the appropriate jurisdiction. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n12) Attorneys' Fees. In any action to enforce the terms of this License or seeking damages relating thereto, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover its costs and expenses, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and costs incurred in connection with such action, including any appeal of such action. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n13) Miscellaneous. If any provision of this License is held to be unenforceable, such provision shall be reformed only to the extent necessary to make it enforceable.\r\n\r\n14) Definition of \"You\" in This License. \"You\" throughout this License, whether in upper or lower case, means an individual or a legal entity exercising rights under, and complying with all of the terms of, this License. For legal entities, \"You\" includes any entity that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with you. For purposes of this definition, \"control\" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.\r\n\r\n15) Right to Use. You may use the Original Work in all ways not otherwise restricted or conditioned by this License or by law, and Licensor promises not to interfere with or be responsible for such uses by You.\r\n\r\n16) Modification of This License. This License is Copyright © 2005 Lawrence Rosen. Permission is granted to copy, distribute, or communicate this License without modification. Nothing in this License permits You to modify this License as applied to the Original Work or to Derivative Works. However, You may modify the text of this License and copy, distribute or communicate your modified version (the \"Modified License\") and apply it to other original works of authorship subject to the following conditions: (i) You may not indicate in any way that your Modified License is the \"Academic Free License\" or \"AFL\" and you may not use those names in the name of your Modified License; (ii) You must replace the notice specified in the first paragraph above with the notice \"Licensed under <insert your license name here>\" or with a notice of your own that is not confusingly similar to the notice in this License; and (iii) You may not claim that your original works are open source software unless your Modified License has been approved by Open Source Initiative (OSI) and You comply with its license review and certification process.",
                "url": "http://opensource.org/licenses/AFL-3.0"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "atmosphere"
                },
                {
                    "word": "COVID-19"
                },
                {
                    "word": "bioaerosols"
                },
                {
                    "word": "coronavirus"
                },
                {
                    "word": "microplastics"
                },
                {
                    "word": "SARS-CoV-2"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-15T02:23:58-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-15T09:10:05-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-15T09:10:05-07:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/2vj8m",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 295,
                    "first_name": "Renjith",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "VishnuRadhan",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 6025,
                    "first_name": "Divya",
                    "middle_name": "David",
                    "last_name": "T",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 5834,
                    "first_name": "Eldho",
                    "middle_name": "T",
                    "last_name": "I",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 8519,
                    "first_name": "Jacky",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Bhagat",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Atmospheric Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Health and Protection"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Life Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Manuscript.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/307/download/626/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Manuscript.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/307/download/627/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Manuscript.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/307/download/628/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 308,
            "title": "Recognizing fracture pattern signatures contributed by seismic loadings",
            "abstract": "The impacts of seismic loadings to fault zone rocks are still not well understood. While field and experimental studies have suggested several markers, such as pseudotachylytes and pulverized rocks, for indicating seismic loadings, the corresponding markers of other types or at larger scales are still lacking. Here by summarizing results of dynamic ruptures with off-fault damage, we recognize several additional fracture features that may be used to reflect the involvement of seismic loadings. For strike-slip faults stressed at moderate to high angles, synthetic R shear is more favored during rupture propagation, but pronounced antithetic R’ shear can be generated around the termination end of the rupture. In addition, suitably oriented weak structures off the main fault can further facilitate the activation of R’ shear. For low-angle thrust faults such as subduction zones, splay faults in the form of forethrusts and backthrusts can still be generated above the coseismic rupture zone. These faults show an increased spatial extent towards the updip direction, effectively defining an outer wedge susceptible to pervasive compressional failure over its entire depth range. Moreover, a deeply nucleated megathrust rupture that eventually reaches the trench can sequentially load the frontal wedge in compression and then in extension, with a potential to leave a mixture of triggered reverse and normal faults at the final stage. Because the above results are also supported by many observations, they raise a caution that existing fault models ignoring dynamic effects should be used with care, and that seismic loadings must be considered more seriously by future fault zone studies.",
            "license": {
                "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1",
                "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1",
                "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n                       Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL.  It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n                            Preamble\r\n\r\n  The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it.  By contrast, the GNU General Public\r\nLicenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change\r\nfree software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.\r\n\r\n  This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some\r\nspecially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the\r\nFree Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it.  You\r\ncan use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether\r\nthis license or the ordinary General Public License is the better\r\nstrategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.\r\n\r\n  When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,\r\nnot price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that\r\nyou have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge\r\nfor this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get\r\nit if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of\r\nit in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do\r\nthese things.\r\n\r\n  To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid\r\ndistributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these\r\nrights.  These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for\r\nyou if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.\r\n\r\n  For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis\r\nor for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave\r\nyou.  You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source\r\ncode.  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Pay close attention to the difference between a\r\n\"work based on the library\" and a \"work that uses the library\".  The\r\nformer contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must\r\nbe combined with the library in order to run.\r\n\f\r\n                  GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION\r\n\r\n  0. This License Agreement applies to any software library or other\r\nprogram which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or\r\nother authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of\r\nthis Lesser General Public License (also called \"this License\").\r\nEach licensee is addressed as \"you\".\r\n\r\n  A \"library\" means a collection of software functions and/or data\r\nprepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs\r\n(which use some of those functions and data) to form executables.\r\n\r\n  The \"Library\", below, refers to any such software library or work\r\nwhich has been distributed under these terms.  A \"work based on the\r\nLibrary\" means either the Library or any derivative work under\r\ncopyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a\r\nportion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated\r\nstraightforwardly into another language.  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                "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "earthquake rupture"
                },
                {
                    "word": "fault zones"
                },
                {
                    "word": "fracture patterns"
                },
                {
                    "word": "off-fault damage"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-14T08:29:53-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-14T09:48:59-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-14T09:48:59-07:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/2srek",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 441,
                    "first_name": "Shiqing",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Xu",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geophysics and Seismology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Tectonics and Structure"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Xu_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/308/download/629/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 309,
            "title": "The tipping points and early-warning indicators for Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica",
            "abstract": "Mass loss from the Antarctic Ice Sheet is the main source of uncertainty in projections of future sea-level rise, with important implications for coastal regions worldwide. Central to this is the marine ice sheet instability: once a critical threshold, or tipping point, is crossed, ice-internal dynamics can drive a self-amplifying retreat committing a glacier to irreversible, rapid and substantial ice loss. This process might have already been triggered in the Amundsen Sea region, where Pine Island and Thwaites glaciers dominate the current mass loss from Antarctica, but modelling and observational techniques have not been able to establish this rigorously, leading to divergent views on the future mass loss of the WAIS. Here, we aim at closing this knowledge gap by conducting a systematic investigation of the stability regime of Pine Island Glacier. To this end we show that early warning indicators robustly detect critical slowing for the marine ice sheet instability. We are thereby able to identify three distinct tipping points in response to increases in ocean-induced melt. The third and final event, triggered by an ocean warming of approximately 1.2 °C from the steady state model configuration, leads to a retreat of the entire glacier that could initiate a collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
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Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Early warning indicators"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Marine Ice Sheet instability"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Pine Island Glacier"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Tipping points"
                },
                {
                    "word": "West Antarctica"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-14T07:15:33-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-15T06:05:32-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-15T06:05:32-07:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1501-2021",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/y95r6",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 442,
                    "first_name": "Sebastian",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Rosier",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 443,
                    "first_name": "Ronja",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Reese",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 12073,
                    "first_name": "Jonathan",
                    "middle_name": "F.",
                    "last_name": "Donges",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 21196,
                    "first_name": "Jan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "De Rydt",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 8802,
                    "first_name": "G.",
                    "middle_name": "Hilmar",
                    "last_name": "Gudmundsson",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 10191,
                    "first_name": "Ricarda",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Winkelmann",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Glaciology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "The tipping points of Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/309/download/630/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "The tipping points of Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/309/download/631/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 321,
            "title": "Weak influence of paleoenvironmental conditions on the subsurface biosphere of lake Ohrid in the last 515 ka",
            "abstract": "Understanding the response of geo- and biosystems to past climatic disturbance is primordial to assess the short to long terms effects of current global change. Lacustrine sediments are commonly used to investigate the impact of climatic change on biogeochemical cycling. In these sediments, subsurface microbial communities play a primordial role in nutrient, organic matter and elemental cycling, but they also can affect the sedimentary record and overprint the original paleoenvironmental signal. Subsurface microbial communities have therefore been investigated to assess the potential connection between microbial diversity and environmental change. Lake Ohrid (North Macedonia, Albania) is the oldest lake in Europe and has been the target of a scientific deep drilling in 2013. The upper 447 m of the 584-m-long sedimentary drill core record obtained from the central part of the lake (DEEP site) is composed of clayey to silty-clayey lithologies differing substantially in terms of carbonate and organic matter content between glacials and interglacials. We investigated the microbial diversity in the retrieved sediment using 16S rRNA gene sequences along the upper ca. 200 m of the DEEP site record spanning ca. 515 ka to assess whether subsurface microbial communities were following a similar trend. \r\nResults show that Atribacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Bathyarchaeota and to a lower extent Dehalococcoidia phyla structured the community but their occurrence appears to be independent from each other. Atribacteria and Bathyarchaeota together with Dehalococcoidia are commonly encountered in deep lacustrine and marine sediments. Their metabolic versatility is adapted to low energy environments where they can realize the fermentation of various substrates (sugars, propionate and amino acids). The generation of H2 from Atribacteria and other fermenters can be used by Dehalococcoidia and Bathyarchaeota for acetogenesis, and even for chemolithoautrophic processes suggested at greater depths. Betaproteobacteria-associated sequences were often co-occurring with cyanobacterial sequences that suggest preservation of ancient DNA from the water column or catchment, down to at least 340 ka. In particular, fossil DNA from Cyanobacteria in dry glacial intervals may be the relict of ancient blooms of N-fixing clades in periods of nitrogen depletion.\r\nWe compared the richness and diversity of all phylotypes with environmental parameters measured in corresponding intervals to test for the relationship between paleoenvironmental conditions, climatic modes and the subsurface biosphere. We found no significant relationship between any phylotype and measured environmental parameters, nor with sediment age or climate patterns. Our preliminary results support a weak recording of early diagenetic processes and their actors by bulk prokaryotic sedimentary DNA in Lake Ohrid, which might suggest dominant turnover and replacement by specialized low-energy clades of the deep biosphere.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Lake sediment"
                },
                {
                    "word": "archaea"
                },
                {
                    "word": "bacteria"
                },
                {
                    "word": "deep biosphere"
                },
                {
                    "word": "early diagenesis"
                },
                {
                    "word": "extreme environment"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Lake Ohrid"
                },
                {
                    "word": "microbial ecology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "paleoclimate"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-09T05:04:18-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-13T09:06:59-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-13T09:06:59-07:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8111736",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/jmye6",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 1570,
                    "first_name": "Camille",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Thomas",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-7651-2542"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 12473,
                    "first_name": "Alexander",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Francke",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 452,
                    "first_name": "Hendrik",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Vogel",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 8718,
                    "first_name": "Bernd",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Wagner",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 9852,
                    "first_name": "Daniel",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Ariztegui",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-7775-5127"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology Life Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Life Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Microbiology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Other Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Paleobiology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Thomas et al. Ohrid_EarthArXiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/321/download/661/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Thomas et al. Ohrid_EarthArXiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/321/download/662/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Thomas et al., 2020 Microorganisms.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/321/download/3803/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Thomas et al., 2020 Microorganisms.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/321/download/3804/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://osf.io/s9e2q",
                    "label": "Supplementary material"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 310,
            "title": "Equilibrium climate sensitivity controls uncertainty in regional climate change over the 21st century",
            "abstract": "Improved projections of local temperature change over the 21st century are essential for evaluating impacts and setting policy targets (Lehner and Stocker 2015, Senevirante et al 2016). Uncertainty in these projections is due to two approximately equal factors: uncertainty in greenhouse gas emissions, and uncertainty in the response of climate to those emissions (Hawkins and Sutton 2009). For the latter, it is well known that climate models all have a similar global pattern of warming (Knutti and Sedlacek 2013). Here, we show that differences among projections of warming also share a common pattern of variability. Specifically, the leading empirical orthogonal functon(EOF) of inter-model differences strongly resembles the ensemble-mean response itself. This pattern explains 60% of the total variance in projected regional warming, with higher fractions of variance explained over tropics and midlatitudes. When projected onto the model residuals, it is strongly correlated (r2 = 0.9) with Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity (ECS), and more-weakly correlated with the Transient Climate Response (TCR, r2 = 0.6). We show how this strong correlation between equilibrium global warming and transient regional warming uncertainty arises due to the large scales over which the atmosphere mixes energetic perturbations. The dominant source of variance in both ECS and 21st-century warming are low-latitude feedbacks, whereas TCR is more sensitive to uncertainties in CO2 radiative forcing and ocean heat uptake. The results imply that throughout the tropics and midlatitudes, and especially over land, most of the uncertainty in local temperature projections.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. 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                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "temperature"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Climate sensitivity"
                },
                {
                    "word": "moisture transport"
                },
                {
                    "word": "regional climate change"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-13T20:10:13-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-13T21:06:26-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-13T21:06:26-07:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/v7ndp",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 427,
                    "first_name": "Cristian",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Proistosescu",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 8187,
                    "first_name": "David",
                    "middle_name": "S.",
                    "last_name": "Battisti",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 6705,
                    "first_name": "Kyle",
                    "middle_name": "C.",
                    "last_name": "Armour",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 6919,
                    "first_name": "Gerard",
                    "middle_name": "H",
                    "last_name": "Roe",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Climate"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "LocalUncertainty.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/310/download/632/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://osf.io/gh2a4",
                    "label": "Supplementary material"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 311,
            "title": "The enigma of the Albian Gap: spatial variability and the competition between salt expulsion and extension",
            "abstract": "The Albian Gap is a uniquely large (up to 65 km wide and &gt;450 km long), enigmatic salt-related structure in the Santos Basin, offshore Brazil. It is located near the basin margin and trends NE (i.e. sub-parallel to the Brazilian coastline). The gap is characterized by a near-complete absence of Albian strata above depleted Aptian salt. Its most remarkable feature is an equivalently large, equally as enigmatic, seaward-dipping, supra-salt rollover that contains a post-Albian sedimentary succession that is up to 9 km thick. Due to its unique geometry, size, and counter-regional aspect, the origin and evolution of the Albian Gap has been the centre of debate for &gt;25 years. This debate revolves around two competing models; i.e. did it form due to thin-skinned (i.e. supra-salt) extension, or progradational loading and salt expulsion? The extension-driven model states that the Albian Gap (and overlying rollover) formed due to post-Albian gravity-driven extension accommodated by slip on a large, counter-regional, listric normal fault (the Cabo Frio Fault). Conversely, the expulsion-driven hypothesis states that the Albian Gap was established earlier, during the Albian, and that post-Albian deformation was controlled by differential loading, vertical subsidence, and basinward salt expulsion in the absence of significant lateral extension. This study utilizes a large (c. 76,000 km2), dense (4-8 km line spacing), depth-migrated, 2D seismic dataset that fully covers and which thus permits, for the first time, a detailed, quasi-3D structural analysis of the entire Albian Gap. In this study we focus on: i) the evolution of base-salt relief and the original salt thickness variations; and ii) the geometry of the post-Albian rollover, and its related faults and salt structures. To constrain the kinematics of the Albian Gap, and how this relates to the evolution of the base-salt relief, we also apply novel structural restoration workflows that incorporate flexural isostasy, in addition to a detailed, sequential reconstruction of the intra-gap rollover sequences. Our results show that the geometry and kinematics of the Albian Gap vary along-strike, and that both post-Albian extension and expulsion play a significant role in its evolution. Seaward-dipping growth wedges, salt rollers, and listric normal faults record extension, whereas sigmoidal wedges, halokinetic sequences, and upturned near-diapir flaps, the latter two associated with large diapirs bounding the downdip edge of the gap, record basinward salt expulsion and inflation. Where the Albian gap is relatively wide (&gt;50 km), these processes alternate and operate at approximately equal proportions. Our results are consistent with the amount of basinward translation inferred from the analysis of ramp-syncline basins located downdip on the São Paulo Plateau. Our results seemingly reconcile one of the longest-running debates in salt tectonics, as well as having more general implications for understanding the regional kinematics and dynamics of salt-related structures in other salt basins, in particular the controls on the development of large, counter-regional faults.",
            "license": {
                "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1",
                "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1",
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See the GNU\r\n    Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n    License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n    Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary.  Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n  Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n  library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n  <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n  Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!",
                "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "salt tectonics"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Normal faults"
                },
                {
                    "word": "diapirs"
                },
                {
                    "word": "extension"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-13T16:29:08-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-14T09:42:58-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-14T09:42:58-07:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/s485r",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 3754,
                    "first_name": "Leonardo",
                    "middle_name": "Muniz",
                    "last_name": "Pichel",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 1573,
                    "first_name": "Christopher",
                    "middle_name": "Aiden-Lee",
                    "last_name": "Jackson",
                    "salutation": "Prof.",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-8592-9032"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Stratigraphy"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Tectonics and Structure"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "The enigma of the Albian Gap spatial variability and the competition between salt expulsion and extension.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/311/download/633/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "The Enigma of the Albian Gap .pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/311/download/634/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "The enigma of the Albian Gap.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/311/download/635/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 312,
            "title": "Enhanced secondary pollution offset reduction of primary emissions during COVID-19 lockdown in China",
            "abstract": "To control the spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19), China imposed nationwide restrictions on the movement of its population (lockdown) after the Chinese New Year of 2020, leading to large reductions in economic activities and associated emissions. Despite such large decreases in primary pollution, there were nonetheless several periods of heavy haze pollution in East China, raising questions about the well-established relationship between human activities and air quality. Here, using comprehensive measurements and modeling, we show the haze during the COVID lockdown were driven by enhancements of secondary pollution. In particular, large decreases in NOx emissions from transportation increased ozone and nighttime NO3 radical formation, and these increases in atmospheric oxidizing capacity in turn facilitated the formation of secondary particulate matter. Our results, afforded by the tragic natural experiment of the COVID-19 pandemic, indicate that haze mitigation depends upon a coordinated and balanced strategy for controlling multiple pollutants.",
            "license": {
                "name": "Academic Free License (AFL) 3.0",
                "short_name": "AFL 3.0",
                "text": "Academic Free License (\"AFL\") v. 3.0\r\nThis Academic Free License (the \"License\") applies to any original work of authorship (the \"Original Work\") whose owner (the \"Licensor\") has placed the following licensing notice adjacent to the copyright notice for the Original Work:\r\n\r\nLicensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0\r\n\r\n1) Grant of Copyright License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, for the duration of the copyright, to do the following:\r\n\r\na) to reproduce the Original Work in copies, either alone or as part of a collective work;\r\n\r\nb) to translate, adapt, alter, transform, modify, or arrange the Original Work, thereby creating derivative works (\"Derivative Works\") based upon the Original Work;\r\n\r\nc) to distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work and Derivative Works to the public, under any license of your choice that does not contradict the terms and conditions, including Licensor's reserved rights and remedies, in this Academic Free License;\r\n\r\nd) to perform the Original Work publicly; and\r\n\r\ne) to display the Original Work publicly.\r\n\r\n2) Grant of Patent License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, under patent claims owned or controlled by the Licensor that are embodied in the Original Work as furnished by the Licensor, for the duration of the patents, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, and import the Original Work and Derivative Works.\r\n\r\n3) Grant of Source Code License. The term \"Source Code\" means the preferred form of the Original Work for making modifications to it and all available documentation describing how to modify the Original Work. Licensor agrees to provide a machine-readable copy of the Source Code of the Original Work along with each copy of the Original Work that Licensor distributes. 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No license is granted to the trademarks of Licensor even if such marks are included in the Original Work. Nothing in this License shall be interpreted to prohibit Licensor from licensing under terms different from this License any Original Work that Licensor otherwise would have a right to license.\r\n\r\n5) External Deployment. The term \"External Deployment\" means the use, distribution, or communication of the Original Work or Derivative Works in any way such that the Original Work or Derivative Works may be used by anyone other than You, whether those works are distributed or communicated to those persons or made available as an application intended for use over a network. As an express condition for the grants of license hereunder, You must treat any External Deployment by You of the Original Work or a Derivative Work as a distribution under section 1(c).\r\n\r\n6) Attribution Rights. You must retain, in the Source Code of any Derivative Works that You create, all copyright, patent, or trademark notices from the Source Code of the Original Work, as well as any notices of licensing and any descriptive text identified therein as an \"Attribution Notice.\" You must cause the Source Code for any Derivative Works that You create to carry a prominent Attribution Notice reasonably calculated to inform recipients that You have modified the Original Work.\r\n\r\n7) Warranty of Provenance and Disclaimer of Warranty. Licensor warrants that the copyright in and to the Original Work and the patent rights granted herein by Licensor are owned by the Licensor or are sublicensed to You under the terms of this License with the permission of the contributor(s) of those copyrights and patent rights. Except as expressly stated in the immediately preceding sentence, the Original Work is provided under this License on an \"AS IS\" BASIS and WITHOUT WARRANTY, either express or implied, including, without limitation, the warranties of non-infringement, merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY OF THE ORIGINAL WORK IS WITH YOU. This DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY constitutes an essential part of this License. No license to the Original Work is granted by this License except under this disclaimer.\r\n\r\n8) Limitation of Liability. Under no circumstances and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, shall the Licensor be liable to anyone for any indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or the use of the Original Work including, without limitation, damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses. This limitation of liability shall not apply to the extent applicable law prohibits such limitation.\r\n\r\n9) Acceptance and Termination. If, at any time, You expressly assented to this License, that assent indicates your clear and irrevocable acceptance of this License and all of its terms and conditions. If You distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work or a Derivative Work, You must make a reasonable effort under the circumstances to obtain the express assent of recipients to the terms of this License. This License conditions your rights to undertake the activities listed in Section 1, including your right to create Derivative Works based upon the Original Work, and doing so without honoring these terms and conditions is prohibited by copyright law and international treaty. Nothing in this License is intended to affect copyright exceptions and limitations (including \"fair use\" or \"fair dealing\"). This License shall terminate immediately and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License upon your failure to honor the conditions in Section 1(c).\r\n\r\n10) Termination for Patent Action. This License shall terminate automatically and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License as of the date You commence an action, including a cross-claim or counterclaim, against Licensor or any licensee alleging that the Original Work infringes a patent. This termination provision shall not apply for an action alleging patent infringement by combinations of the Original Work with other software or hardware.\r\n\r\n11) Jurisdiction, Venue and Governing Law. Any action or suit relating to this License may be brought only in the courts of a jurisdiction wherein the Licensor resides or in which Licensor conducts its primary business, and under the laws of that jurisdiction excluding its conflict-of-law provisions. The application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is expressly excluded. Any use of the Original Work outside the scope of this License or after its termination shall be subject to the requirements and penalties of copyright or patent law in the appropriate jurisdiction. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n12) Attorneys' Fees. In any action to enforce the terms of this License or seeking damages relating thereto, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover its costs and expenses, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and costs incurred in connection with such action, including any appeal of such action. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n13) Miscellaneous. If any provision of this License is held to be unenforceable, such provision shall be reformed only to the extent necessary to make it enforceable.\r\n\r\n14) Definition of \"You\" in This License. \"You\" throughout this License, whether in upper or lower case, means an individual or a legal entity exercising rights under, and complying with all of the terms of, this License. For legal entities, \"You\" includes any entity that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with you. For purposes of this definition, \"control\" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.\r\n\r\n15) Right to Use. You may use the Original Work in all ways not otherwise restricted or conditioned by this License or by law, and Licensor promises not to interfere with or be responsible for such uses by You.\r\n\r\n16) Modification of This License. This License is Copyright © 2005 Lawrence Rosen. Permission is granted to copy, distribute, or communicate this License without modification. Nothing in this License permits You to modify this License as applied to the Original Work or to Derivative Works. However, You may modify the text of this License and copy, distribute or communicate your modified version (the \"Modified License\") and apply it to other original works of authorship subject to the following conditions: (i) You may not indicate in any way that your Modified License is the \"Academic Free License\" or \"AFL\" and you may not use those names in the name of your Modified License; (ii) You must replace the notice specified in the first paragraph above with the notice \"Licensed under <insert your license name here>\" or with a notice of your own that is not confusingly similar to the notice in this License; and (iii) You may not claim that your original works are open source software unless your Modified License has been approved by Open Source Initiative (OSI) and You comply with its license review and certification process.",
                "url": "http://opensource.org/licenses/AFL-3.0"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "emission"
                },
                {
                    "word": "COVID-19"
                },
                {
                    "word": "lockdown"
                },
                {
                    "word": "China"
                },
                {
                    "word": "haze pollution"
                },
                {
                    "word": "O3"
                },
                {
                    "word": "PM2.5"
                },
                {
                    "word": "secondary formation"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-13T03:51:14-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-13T09:32:33-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-13T09:32:33-07:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwaa137",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/hvuzy",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 5166,
                    "first_name": "Xin",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Huang",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 11616,
                    "first_name": "Aijun",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Ding",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 7408,
                    "first_name": "Jian",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Gao",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 8585,
                    "first_name": "Bo",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Zheng",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 9526,
                    "first_name": "Derong",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Zhou",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 10211,
                    "first_name": "Ximeng",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Qi",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 10689,
                    "first_name": "Rong",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Tang",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 11019,
                    "first_name": "Chuanhua",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Ren",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 11266,
                    "first_name": "Wei",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Nie",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 17235,
                    "first_name": "Xuguang",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Chi",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 28529,
                    "first_name": "Jiaping",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Wang",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 28530,
                    "first_name": "Zheng",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Xu",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 28531,
                    "first_name": "Yuanyuan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Li",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 28532,
                    "first_name": "Fei",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Che",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 28534,
                    "first_name": "Nini",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Pang",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 28535,
                    "first_name": "Haikun",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Wang",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 28536,
                    "first_name": "Dan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Tong",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 28537,
                    "first_name": "Wei",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Qin",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 28538,
                    "first_name": "Wei",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Cheng",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 28539,
                    "first_name": "Weijing",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Liu",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 28540,
                    "first_name": "Qinyan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Fu",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 28541,
                    "first_name": "Baoxian",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Liu",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 28542,
                    "first_name": "Fahe",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Chai",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 5347,
                    "first_name": "Steven",
                    "middle_name": "J",
                    "last_name": "Davis",
                    "salutation": "Prof.",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 11309,
                    "first_name": "Qiang",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Zhang",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 28543,
                    "first_name": "Kebin",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "He",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Atmospheric Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Health and Protection"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Monitoring"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
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                    "original_filename": "Huang_et_al_2020_v3.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/312/download/636/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Huang_et_al_2020_v3.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/312/download/637/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Huang_et_al_2020_v3.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/312/download/638/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Huang_et_al_2020_v3.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/312/download/639/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Huang_et_al_2020_v3.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/312/download/640/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 313,
            "title": "Machine Learning on Greenest Pixels for Crop Mapping",
            "abstract": "Remotely sensed signals from crop fields are full of variabilities due to the complex interactions among the environment, seeds, climate, market, and farmers. It is a common phenomenon that the crops in neighbouring fields are in different growing stages, e.g., the corns are in the V5 leaf stage in one field and V10 stage in another neighbouring field. The phenomenon results in remote sensing images that are non-ideal for producing crop maps as the crops are in different phenological stages across the fields. For instance, July is the best month for monitoring soybeans but bad for monitoring winter wheat which has been harvested before July. Most of the wheat fields are already harvested in July and appear like fallow fields on satellite images. This paper proposes a customized classification approach based on greenest pixels (GP) to enhance the quality of the satellite images for mapping. The greenest pixels are obtained by calculating the highest NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) values of every pixel from all the captured images each year. In the process, we filtered the bad quality pixels like clouds, ice, snow, shadow, etc. A filtering step is added to distinguish the non-vegetation and vegetation pixels first. The overall workflow uses state-of-art remote sensing classification techniques. Machine learning (ML) algorithms like KNN, Gaussian Naïve Bayes, Decision Tree, AdaBoost, Random Forest, SVM, and Neural Networks were used simultaneously to evaluate the approach. The study area is located in the state of Nebraska and the satellite imagery used includes Landsat 8 surface reflectance products. The ground truth data comes from field surveys, roadside samples, and USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) crop maps. Google Earth Engine was used to accelerate the data pre-processing. We tested all the ML models on two sets of experiments: GP and non-GP. In each set, the training has only one-year data (2013) and the testing uses the rest years (2014-2018). The results show that the proposed GP-based approach can significantly improve the classification precision by ~15% (from ~70% to ~85%) on average. This research proves that greenest pixels have large potential and should be considered as the major input data in the crop mappings in the future.",
            "license": {
                "name": "Academic Free License (AFL) 3.0",
                "short_name": "AFL 3.0",
                "text": "Academic Free License (\"AFL\") v. 3.0\r\nThis Academic Free License (the \"License\") applies to any original work of authorship (the \"Original Work\") whose owner (the \"Licensor\") has placed the following licensing notice adjacent to the copyright notice for the Original Work:\r\n\r\nLicensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0\r\n\r\n1) Grant of Copyright License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, for the duration of the copyright, to do the following:\r\n\r\na) to reproduce the Original Work in copies, either alone or as part of a collective work;\r\n\r\nb) to translate, adapt, alter, transform, modify, or arrange the Original Work, thereby creating derivative works (\"Derivative Works\") based upon the Original Work;\r\n\r\nc) to distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work and Derivative Works to the public, under any license of your choice that does not contradict the terms and conditions, including Licensor's reserved rights and remedies, in this Academic Free License;\r\n\r\nd) to perform the Original Work publicly; and\r\n\r\ne) to display the Original Work publicly.\r\n\r\n2) Grant of Patent License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, under patent claims owned or controlled by the Licensor that are embodied in the Original Work as furnished by the Licensor, for the duration of the patents, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, and import the Original Work and Derivative Works.\r\n\r\n3) Grant of Source Code License. The term \"Source Code\" means the preferred form of the Original Work for making modifications to it and all available documentation describing how to modify the Original Work. Licensor agrees to provide a machine-readable copy of the Source Code of the Original Work along with each copy of the Original Work that Licensor distributes. Licensor reserves the right to satisfy this obligation by placing a machine-readable copy of the Source Code in an information repository reasonably calculated to permit inexpensive and convenient access by You for as long as Licensor continues to distribute the Original Work.\r\n\r\n4) Exclusions From License Grant. Neither the names of Licensor, nor the names of any contributors to the Original Work, nor any of their trademarks or service marks, may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this Original Work without express prior permission of the Licensor. Except as expressly stated herein, nothing in this License grants any license to Licensor's trademarks, copyrights, patents, trade secrets or any other intellectual property. No patent license is granted to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, or import embodiments of any patent claims other than the licensed claims defined in Section 2. 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You must retain, in the Source Code of any Derivative Works that You create, all copyright, patent, or trademark notices from the Source Code of the Original Work, as well as any notices of licensing and any descriptive text identified therein as an \"Attribution Notice.\" You must cause the Source Code for any Derivative Works that You create to carry a prominent Attribution Notice reasonably calculated to inform recipients that You have modified the Original Work.\r\n\r\n7) Warranty of Provenance and Disclaimer of Warranty. Licensor warrants that the copyright in and to the Original Work and the patent rights granted herein by Licensor are owned by the Licensor or are sublicensed to You under the terms of this License with the permission of the contributor(s) of those copyrights and patent rights. 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Under no circumstances and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, shall the Licensor be liable to anyone for any indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or the use of the Original Work including, without limitation, damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses. This limitation of liability shall not apply to the extent applicable law prohibits such limitation.\r\n\r\n9) Acceptance and Termination. If, at any time, You expressly assented to this License, that assent indicates your clear and irrevocable acceptance of this License and all of its terms and conditions. If You distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work or a Derivative Work, You must make a reasonable effort under the circumstances to obtain the express assent of recipients to the terms of this License. This License conditions your rights to undertake the activities listed in Section 1, including your right to create Derivative Works based upon the Original Work, and doing so without honoring these terms and conditions is prohibited by copyright law and international treaty. Nothing in this License is intended to affect copyright exceptions and limitations (including \"fair use\" or \"fair dealing\"). This License shall terminate immediately and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License upon your failure to honor the conditions in Section 1(c).\r\n\r\n10) Termination for Patent Action. This License shall terminate automatically and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License as of the date You commence an action, including a cross-claim or counterclaim, against Licensor or any licensee alleging that the Original Work infringes a patent. This termination provision shall not apply for an action alleging patent infringement by combinations of the Original Work with other software or hardware.\r\n\r\n11) Jurisdiction, Venue and Governing Law. Any action or suit relating to this License may be brought only in the courts of a jurisdiction wherein the Licensor resides or in which Licensor conducts its primary business, and under the laws of that jurisdiction excluding its conflict-of-law provisions. The application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is expressly excluded. Any use of the Original Work outside the scope of this License or after its termination shall be subject to the requirements and penalties of copyright or patent law in the appropriate jurisdiction. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n12) Attorneys' Fees. In any action to enforce the terms of this License or seeking damages relating thereto, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover its costs and expenses, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and costs incurred in connection with such action, including any appeal of such action. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n13) Miscellaneous. If any provision of this License is held to be unenforceable, such provision shall be reformed only to the extent necessary to make it enforceable.\r\n\r\n14) Definition of \"You\" in This License. \"You\" throughout this License, whether in upper or lower case, means an individual or a legal entity exercising rights under, and complying with all of the terms of, this License. For legal entities, \"You\" includes any entity that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with you. For purposes of this definition, \"control\" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.\r\n\r\n15) Right to Use. You may use the Original Work in all ways not otherwise restricted or conditioned by this License or by law, and Licensor promises not to interfere with or be responsible for such uses by You.\r\n\r\n16) Modification of This License. This License is Copyright © 2005 Lawrence Rosen. Permission is granted to copy, distribute, or communicate this License without modification. Nothing in this License permits You to modify this License as applied to the Original Work or to Derivative Works. However, You may modify the text of this License and copy, distribute or communicate your modified version (the \"Modified License\") and apply it to other original works of authorship subject to the following conditions: (i) You may not indicate in any way that your Modified License is the \"Academic Free License\" or \"AFL\" and you may not use those names in the name of your Modified License; (ii) You must replace the notice specified in the first paragraph above with the notice \"Licensed under <insert your license name here>\" or with a notice of your own that is not confusingly similar to the notice in this License; and (iii) You may not claim that your original works are open source software unless your Modified License has been approved by Open Source Initiative (OSI) and You comply with its license review and certification process.",
                "url": "http://opensource.org/licenses/AFL-3.0"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "remote sensing"
                },
                {
                    "word": "machine learning"
                },
                {
                    "word": "image classification"
                },
                {
                    "word": "greenest pixel"
                },
                {
                    "word": "land cover"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-13T03:12:26-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-13T20:49:22-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-13T20:49:22-07:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/apy7r",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 270,
                    "first_name": "Ziheng",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Sun",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 6181,
                    "first_name": "Liping",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Di",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 7454,
                    "first_name": "Hui",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Fang",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Geography"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Remote Sensing"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Social and Behavioral Sciences"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Paper88_all_green_v4.0_1.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/313/download/641/"
                },
                {
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                    "download_url": "/repository/object/313/download/643/"
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                    "download_url": "/repository/object/313/download/644/"
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            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 314,
            "title": "Success at the farm-level in payments for ecosystem services: monetary incentives, participatory processes and institutional adaptation all matter",
            "abstract": "While payments for ecosystem services (PES) schemes are increasingly common, in most cases, their effectiveness has lagged behind initial expectations. A major debate exists around whether performance can be improved by prioritising project design features that align with the theoretical, economistic model of PES, or whether, where necessary, it is more important for projects to depart from this model to build local support and legitimacy. In this study we address this gap by examining how financial incentives, participation in decision making and organisational centralisation have supported land management outcomes across 39 smallholdings participating in carbon agroforestry PES schemes in Mexico and Mozambique. We use interviews, tree growth records and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) to assess how these three design features, and contextual variables on household wealth and farm-level water availability, have related to the actual level of aboveground biomass (AGB) accumulated on each farm - the main land management objective in such schemes. We then use interviews with farmers and project staff to gain a more in depth understanding of how these design features are linked to land management outcomes. We find that, in our cases, both monetary incentives and good participation in decision making where integral to good outcomes. The level of (de)centralisation was unimportant as long it was perceived as legitimate locally, and accounted for existing social, cultural and historical context. Our findings suggest that attempts to improve the performance of PES schemes by enshrining ‘best practice’ or key design principles must put equal emphasis on economistic design principles and the maintenance of local legitimacy, and should be flexible enough to allow for local processes of institutional bricolage. Given the typical nature of our cases, we argue that our findings provide new insights relevant to the wider PES field.",
            "license": {
                "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1",
                "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1",
                "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n                       Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL.  It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n                            Preamble\r\n\r\n  The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it.  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                "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "agroforestry"
                },
                {
                    "word": "carbon forestry"
                },
                {
                    "word": "critical institutionalism"
                },
                {
                    "word": "legitimacy"
                },
                {
                    "word": "procedural equity"
                },
                {
                    "word": "qualitative comparative analysis"
                },
                {
                    "word": "smallholders"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-13T02:14:25-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-13T09:28:04-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-13T09:28:04-07:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/n9keh",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 447,
                    "first_name": "Geoff",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Wells",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Life Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Natural Resources and Conservation"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "wells2020pes.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/314/download/645/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 316,
            "title": "SymAE: an autoencoder with embedded physical symmetries for passive time-lapse monitoring",
            "abstract": "We introduce SymAE, an auto-encoder architecture that learns to separate multichannel passive-seismic datasets into qualitatively interpretable components: one component corresponds to path-specific effects associated with subsurface properties while the other component corresponds to the spectral signature\nof the passive sources. This information is represented by two latent codes produced by our encoder. The novelty that enables SymAE to achieve this separation lies with the physical symmetries that are directly embedded into the architectural\ndesign of the encoder. These symmetries impose that 1. the output of the source-specific encoder is indifferent to the ordering of the receivers; and 2. the output of the path-specific encoder is indifferent to the source signatures. Our numerical\nexperiments demonstrate that this is sufficient for achieving the intended separation.\nThe ability to qualitatively distinguish between source- and path-induced effects plays a critical role for time-lapse monitoring of visco-acoustic subsurface models where data is generated from induced passive seismic sources e.g., during CO2 injection\nor hydraulic fracturing. Here the problem suffers from inherent ambiguities in whether the time-lapse changes in the data should be attributed to subsurface changes such as P-wave velocity, mass density, and seismic quality factor (i.e., path effects) or because of difficulties in physically-reproducing the source wavelet (i.e. source effects). SymAE resolves these ambiguities by construction and enables reliable subsurface monitoring in these settings. We provide numerical results to show that we can accurately detect changes arising from both effects.",
            "license": {
                "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1",
                "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1",
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                "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "auto-encoders"
                },
                {
                    "word": "microseismic"
                },
                {
                    "word": "passive imaging"
                },
                {
                    "word": "permutation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "physics-embedded networks"
                },
                {
                    "word": "reservoir monitoring"
                },
                {
                    "word": "time-lapse"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-12T17:14:35-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-13T10:39:01-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-13T10:39:01-07:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/5zh8y",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 449,
                    "first_name": "Pawan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Bharadwaj",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 6230,
                    "first_name": "Matt",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Li",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 7498,
                    "first_name": "Laurent",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Demanet",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Applied Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Computer Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geophysics and Seismology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Timelapse_SymAE_EarthArXiv_v1.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/316/download/648/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 317,
            "title": "Impact of climate change in West Africa on cereal production per capita in 2050",
            "abstract": "Food security is a crucial issue in the Sahel and could be endangered by climate change and demographic pressure during the 21st century. Indeed, people in rural areas mainly practice rainfed agriculture for subsistence during the monsoon rainfall season. Higher temperatures and changes in rainfall induced by global warming are threatening food production systems in this region while the population of this region is expected to increase approximately threefold until 2050 according to several demographic scenarios. However climate change is very uncertain, with monsoon rainfall that might either increase or decrease, according to different climate models and greenhouse gases emissions scenarios. \nOur study quantifies the impact of climate change on food security by combining climate, crops yield and demographic evolution. Using 16 global climate models, we investigate the evolution of solar radiation, temperature and precipitation under two future climatic scenarios. We simulate yield for the main crops in West-Africa: maize, sorghum and millet. Finally, we estimate in terms of production in the future and is scaled by population changes in order to assess the number of available cereal production per capita in five countries in West Africa.\nWe found that, although uncertain, the evolution of the African monsoon is different between the countries with a rainfall increase in the Eastern Sahel for Niger and Nigeria and a decrease in the Western Sahel for Senegal under the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 scenario. With regard to the abundance of food for the inhabitants, all the scenarios in each country show that in 2050, local agricultural production will be below than 50 kilograms per capita, which corresponds to the basic threshold for feeding all the inhabitants of West Africa. The prospects for improving or adapting current agronomic techniques and/or expanding the cultivated areas do not allow to reach this threshold even by taking into account the [CO2] effect, which has a positive effect in drought situations. This would place additional pressures on resources in the region, with potentially strong impacts on crops import and regional migration.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
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Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "climate change"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Sahel"
                },
                {
                    "word": "CMIP5"
                },
                {
                    "word": "crops yield"
                },
                {
                    "word": "food security"
                },
                {
                    "word": "human vulnerability"
                },
                {
                    "word": "rainfed agriculture"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-09T14:21:58-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-14T09:52:36-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-14T09:52:36-07:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.3390/su12187585",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/w8a3t",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 2914,
                    "first_name": "Dimitri",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Defrance",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-1371-294X"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 6247,
                    "first_name": "Benjamin",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Sultan",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 7513,
                    "first_name": "Mathieu",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Castet",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 8671,
                    "first_name": "Adjoua",
                    "middle_name": "Moise",
                    "last_name": "Famien",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 9589,
                    "first_name": "Camille",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Noûs",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 10255,
                    "first_name": "Christian",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Baron",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Agriculture"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Life Sciences"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "PREPRINT-Defrance_et_al_ProductionPerCapitaIn2050_FinalVersion.docx",
                    "mime_type": "application/msword",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/317/download/649/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 318,
            "title": "Aquifer deformation and active faulting in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, USA",
            "abstract": "Aquifers and fault zones may interact through groundwater flow and stress redistribution, yet their spatiotemporal relationship remains enigmatic. Here we quantify changes in water storage and associated stress along the Wasatch Fault Zone in Salt Lake Valley, recently shaken by a M5.7 earthquake on March 18th, 2020. Ground deformation mapped by Sentinel-1 SAR imagery (2014-2019) reveals an elongated area with ~50-mm seasonal uplift corresponding to 0.03-0.06-km3 water storage cycles. Phase shifts across active faults in both water level and deformation suggest control by the low-permeability structures. The seasonal stress changes on the adjoining faults from poroelastic volume strain are two orders of magnitude larger than those from hydrological surface loading, but both are small compared to the annual increase of tectonic loading at seismogenic depths. Historic seismic events, limited in number, do not exhibit statistically significant annual periodicity and hydrological modulation of microseismicity or triggering of the recent M5.7 event is not evident.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-09T14:05:22-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-12T10:09:01-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-12T10:09:01-07:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116471",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/c7jex",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 136,
                    "first_name": "Xie",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Hu",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 7853,
                    "first_name": "Roland",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Bürgmann",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geophysics and Seismology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Hydrology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "1-s2.0-S0012821X20304155-main.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/318/download/650/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "main_slv_clean.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/318/download/651/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Preprint_Aquifer_SLV_XH.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/318/download/652/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Preprint_Aquifer_SLV_XH.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/318/download/653/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 319,
            "title": "Social as much as environmental: the drivers of tree biomass in smallholder forest landscape restoration programmes",
            "abstract": "A major challenge for forest landscape restoration initiatives is the lack of quantitative evidence on how social factors drive environmental outcomes. Here we conduct a transdisciplinary quantitative analysis of the environmental and social drivers of tree biomass accumulation across 639 smallholder farms restoring native tree species in Mexico, Uganda and Mozambique. We use environmental and social data to assess the relative effects of key hypothesised drivers on aboveground biomass at the farm-level over ten years. We supplement this with a qualitative analysis of perspectives from local farmers and agroforestry technicians on the potential causal mechanisms of the observed social effects. We find that the material wellbeing of farmers (e.g. assets) and access to agroforestry knowledge explain as much variation in biomass as water availability. Local perspectives suggest that this is caused by the higher adaptive capacity of some farmers and their associated ability to respond to social-ecological shocks and stresses. Additionally, the variation in biomass between farms increased over time. Local perspectives suggested that this was caused by emergent exogenous and stochastic influences which cannot be reliably predicted in technical analyses and guidance. To deal with this persistent uncertainty, local perspectives emphasised the need for flexible and adaptive processes at the farm- and village-levels. The consistency of these findings across three countries suggests these findings are relevant to similar forest restoration interventions. Our findings provide novel quantitative evidence of a social-ecological pathway where the adaptive capacity of local land users can improve ecological processes. Our findings emphasize the need for forest restoration programmes to prioritise investment in the capabilities of local land users, and to ensure that rules support, rather than hinder, adaptive management.",
            "license": {
                "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1",
                "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1",
                "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n                       Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL.  It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n                            Preamble\r\n\r\n  The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it.  By contrast, the GNU General Public\r\nLicenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change\r\nfree software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.\r\n\r\n  This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some\r\nspecially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the\r\nFree Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it.  You\r\ncan use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether\r\nthis license or the ordinary General Public License is the better\r\nstrategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.\r\n\r\n  When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,\r\nnot price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that\r\nyou have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge\r\nfor this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get\r\nit if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of\r\nit in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do\r\nthese things.\r\n\r\n  To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid\r\ndistributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these\r\nrights.  These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for\r\nyou if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.\r\n\r\n  For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis\r\nor for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave\r\nyou.  You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source\r\ncode.  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                "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Social-ecological systems"
                },
                {
                    "word": "adaptive capacity"
                },
                {
                    "word": "adaptive management"
                },
                {
                    "word": "human wellbeing"
                },
                {
                    "word": "payments for ecosystem services"
                },
                {
                    "word": "transdisciplinary research"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-09T07:25:26-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-13T09:22:37-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-13T09:22:37-07:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab96d1",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/w3jpx",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 447,
                    "first_name": "Geoff",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Wells",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Life Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Natural Resources and Conservation"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "wells2020biomass.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/319/download/654/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "wells2020biomass.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/319/download/655/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/319/download/656/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 320,
            "title": "Global heat uptake by inland waters",
            "abstract": "Heat uptake is a key variable for understanding the Earth system response to greenhouse gas forcing. Despite the importance of this heat budget, heat uptake by inland waters has so far not been quanti?ed. Here we use a unique combination of global-scale lake models, global hydrological models and Earth system models to quantify global heat up take by natural lakes, reservoirs and rivers. The total net heat uptake by inland waters amounts to 2.8 +- 4.3x10^20 J over the period 1900-2020, corresponding to 3.1% of the energy stored on land. The overall uptake is dominated by natural lakes (126%), followed by reservoir warming (2.6%). Rivers contribute negatively (-28.7%) due to a decreasing water volume. The heat of the water volume stored in reservoirs exceeds inland water heat uptake by a factor of ~9.6. Our results underline the importance of inland waters for buffering atmospheric warming caused by enhanced greenhouse gas concentrations.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-09T07:20:54-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-12T10:27:15-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-12T10:27:15-07:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL087867",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/mdkf8",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 451,
                    "first_name": "Inne",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Vanderkelen",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Vanderkelen_etal_2020_GRL_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/320/download/657/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Vanderkelen_etal_2020_GRL_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/320/download/658/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Vanderkelen_etal_2020_GRL preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/320/download/659/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Vanderkelen_etal_2020_GRL_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/320/download/660/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 324,
            "title": "Concepts of space, time and scale",
            "abstract": "Concepts of space, time and scale as well as their underpinning theories are crucial for understanding geospatial data. Space can be defined as a boundless, three-dimensional (3D) extent in which objects and events occur and have relative position and direction. Space has been considered to be absolute, meaning that it exists permanently and independently regardless of any matter in space. Alternatively, space can be seen as a collection of relations between objects, given by their distance and direction from one another. It has also been shown that space around the gravitational fields deviates from Euclidean space. Time, on the other hand, is considered to be part of the measuring system used to sequence events, to compare their durations and the intervals between them, as well as to quantify rates of change such as the motions of objects. However, this operational and practical definition of time does not provide arguments for whether there is really something called time, outside of counting activity that can be measured. Scale is not as controversial as space and time. The scale of a map is an important metric defining the level of detail of geoinformation that can be extracted from such a map.  Only recently, scale has been started to consider as a fifth dimension.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "forest sciences"
                },
                {
                    "word": "geoinformatics"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-09T00:51:47-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-11T09:00:08-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-11T09:00:08-07:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/4xc39",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 5289,
                    "first_name": "Mikko",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Vastaranta",
                    "salutation": "Prof.",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 454,
                    "first_name": "Ninni",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Saarinen",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 455,
                    "first_name": "Tuomas",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Yrttimaa",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 8740,
                    "first_name": "Timo",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Tokola",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Forest Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geographic Information Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geography"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Life Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Social and Behavioral Sciences"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Concepts of space, time and scale.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/324/download/666/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 325,
            "title": "Identification of Hydrologic Landscapes in Brazilian basins and its application as indicator of water yield and storage",
            "abstract": "This study aimed to use the Hydrologic Landscapes as environmental classification method in the Piracicaba, Capivari and Jundiaí river basins, validate and use it as an indicator of water yield and storage areas. The method comprises in the same Information Plan (IP) factors that interact with the hydrological cycle in its terrestrial phase. The state of São Paulo, where most of the area is located, constantly suffer from water scarcity. Climate, soil permeability, aquifer permeability, and relief data were used as evaluation units with the aim of identifying favorable areas of water yield/storage. Each pixel received a value of HLR - Hydrologic Landscape Region, which summarizes hydro-geomorphologic characteristics of the site. To evaluate the method efficiency, the annual water yield (R/P) of each sub-basin was calculated using flow data from its main rivers. This data is necessary to identify the factor \"m\" (Fuh’s equation), a parameter associated with characteristics of the river basin, such as slope and water infiltration into the soil. The values of water yield and the \"m\" factor corroborate with previous studies, proving that parameters chosen as evaluation units are effective to identify favorable areas for water yield and storage. The classification in Hydrologic Landscapes has proved to be an effective tool in the identification of these areas, which is essential for the optimization of limited financial resources applied in water resources management projects. The results indicate that basins can be considered as water yield areas and, at the same time, have high storage capacity, since the coefficients R / P and factor \"m\" had a positive correlation.",
            "license": {
                "name": "Academic Free License (AFL) 3.0",
                "short_name": "AFL 3.0",
                "text": "Academic Free License (\"AFL\") v. 3.0\r\nThis Academic Free License (the \"License\") applies to any original work of authorship (the \"Original Work\") whose owner (the \"Licensor\") has placed the following licensing notice adjacent to the copyright notice for the Original Work:\r\n\r\nLicensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0\r\n\r\n1) Grant of Copyright License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, for the duration of the copyright, to do the following:\r\n\r\na) to reproduce the Original Work in copies, either alone or as part of a collective work;\r\n\r\nb) to translate, adapt, alter, transform, modify, or arrange the Original Work, thereby creating derivative works (\"Derivative Works\") based upon the Original Work;\r\n\r\nc) to distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work and Derivative Works to the public, under any license of your choice that does not contradict the terms and conditions, including Licensor's reserved rights and remedies, in this Academic Free License;\r\n\r\nd) to perform the Original Work publicly; and\r\n\r\ne) to display the Original Work publicly.\r\n\r\n2) Grant of Patent License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, under patent claims owned or controlled by the Licensor that are embodied in the Original Work as furnished by the Licensor, for the duration of the patents, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, and import the Original Work and Derivative Works.\r\n\r\n3) Grant of Source Code License. The term \"Source Code\" means the preferred form of the Original Work for making modifications to it and all available documentation describing how to modify the Original Work. Licensor agrees to provide a machine-readable copy of the Source Code of the Original Work along with each copy of the Original Work that Licensor distributes. Licensor reserves the right to satisfy this obligation by placing a machine-readable copy of the Source Code in an information repository reasonably calculated to permit inexpensive and convenient access by You for as long as Licensor continues to distribute the Original Work.\r\n\r\n4) Exclusions From License Grant. Neither the names of Licensor, nor the names of any contributors to the Original Work, nor any of their trademarks or service marks, may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this Original Work without express prior permission of the Licensor. Except as expressly stated herein, nothing in this License grants any license to Licensor's trademarks, copyrights, patents, trade secrets or any other intellectual property. No patent license is granted to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, or import embodiments of any patent claims other than the licensed claims defined in Section 2. No license is granted to the trademarks of Licensor even if such marks are included in the Original Work. Nothing in this License shall be interpreted to prohibit Licensor from licensing under terms different from this License any Original Work that Licensor otherwise would have a right to license.\r\n\r\n5) External Deployment. The term \"External Deployment\" means the use, distribution, or communication of the Original Work or Derivative Works in any way such that the Original Work or Derivative Works may be used by anyone other than You, whether those works are distributed or communicated to those persons or made available as an application intended for use over a network. As an express condition for the grants of license hereunder, You must treat any External Deployment by You of the Original Work or a Derivative Work as a distribution under section 1(c).\r\n\r\n6) Attribution Rights. You must retain, in the Source Code of any Derivative Works that You create, all copyright, patent, or trademark notices from the Source Code of the Original Work, as well as any notices of licensing and any descriptive text identified therein as an \"Attribution Notice.\" You must cause the Source Code for any Derivative Works that You create to carry a prominent Attribution Notice reasonably calculated to inform recipients that You have modified the Original Work.\r\n\r\n7) Warranty of Provenance and Disclaimer of Warranty. Licensor warrants that the copyright in and to the Original Work and the patent rights granted herein by Licensor are owned by the Licensor or are sublicensed to You under the terms of this License with the permission of the contributor(s) of those copyrights and patent rights. Except as expressly stated in the immediately preceding sentence, the Original Work is provided under this License on an \"AS IS\" BASIS and WITHOUT WARRANTY, either express or implied, including, without limitation, the warranties of non-infringement, merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY OF THE ORIGINAL WORK IS WITH YOU. This DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY constitutes an essential part of this License. No license to the Original Work is granted by this License except under this disclaimer.\r\n\r\n8) Limitation of Liability. Under no circumstances and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, shall the Licensor be liable to anyone for any indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or the use of the Original Work including, without limitation, damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses. This limitation of liability shall not apply to the extent applicable law prohibits such limitation.\r\n\r\n9) Acceptance and Termination. If, at any time, You expressly assented to this License, that assent indicates your clear and irrevocable acceptance of this License and all of its terms and conditions. If You distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work or a Derivative Work, You must make a reasonable effort under the circumstances to obtain the express assent of recipients to the terms of this License. This License conditions your rights to undertake the activities listed in Section 1, including your right to create Derivative Works based upon the Original Work, and doing so without honoring these terms and conditions is prohibited by copyright law and international treaty. Nothing in this License is intended to affect copyright exceptions and limitations (including \"fair use\" or \"fair dealing\"). This License shall terminate immediately and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License upon your failure to honor the conditions in Section 1(c).\r\n\r\n10) Termination for Patent Action. This License shall terminate automatically and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License as of the date You commence an action, including a cross-claim or counterclaim, against Licensor or any licensee alleging that the Original Work infringes a patent. This termination provision shall not apply for an action alleging patent infringement by combinations of the Original Work with other software or hardware.\r\n\r\n11) Jurisdiction, Venue and Governing Law. Any action or suit relating to this License may be brought only in the courts of a jurisdiction wherein the Licensor resides or in which Licensor conducts its primary business, and under the laws of that jurisdiction excluding its conflict-of-law provisions. The application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is expressly excluded. Any use of the Original Work outside the scope of this License or after its termination shall be subject to the requirements and penalties of copyright or patent law in the appropriate jurisdiction. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n12) Attorneys' Fees. In any action to enforce the terms of this License or seeking damages relating thereto, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover its costs and expenses, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and costs incurred in connection with such action, including any appeal of such action. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n13) Miscellaneous. If any provision of this License is held to be unenforceable, such provision shall be reformed only to the extent necessary to make it enforceable.\r\n\r\n14) Definition of \"You\" in This License. \"You\" throughout this License, whether in upper or lower case, means an individual or a legal entity exercising rights under, and complying with all of the terms of, this License. For legal entities, \"You\" includes any entity that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with you. For purposes of this definition, \"control\" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.\r\n\r\n15) Right to Use. You may use the Original Work in all ways not otherwise restricted or conditioned by this License or by law, and Licensor promises not to interfere with or be responsible for such uses by You.\r\n\r\n16) Modification of This License. This License is Copyright © 2005 Lawrence Rosen. Permission is granted to copy, distribute, or communicate this License without modification. Nothing in this License permits You to modify this License as applied to the Original Work or to Derivative Works. However, You may modify the text of this License and copy, distribute or communicate your modified version (the \"Modified License\") and apply it to other original works of authorship subject to the following conditions: (i) You may not indicate in any way that your Modified License is the \"Academic Free License\" or \"AFL\" and you may not use those names in the name of your Modified License; (ii) You must replace the notice specified in the first paragraph above with the notice \"Licensed under <insert your license name here>\" or with a notice of your own that is not confusingly similar to the notice in this License; and (iii) You may not claim that your original works are open source software unless your Modified License has been approved by Open Source Initiative (OSI) and You comply with its license review and certification process.",
                "url": "http://opensource.org/licenses/AFL-3.0"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "geoprocessing"
                },
                {
                    "word": "hydrologic classification"
                },
                {
                    "word": "watersheds"
                },
                {
                    "word": "water storage"
                },
                {
                    "word": "water yield"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-08T14:06:01-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-09T06:45:43-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-09T06:45:43-07:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/5gw8r",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 5532,
                    "first_name": "Matheus",
                    "middle_name": "Henrique",
                    "last_name": "Mortene",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 456,
                    "first_name": "Ronalton",
                    "middle_name": "Evandro",
                    "last_name": "Machado",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Studies"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Life Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Other Civil and Environmental Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Other Life Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Social and Behavioral Sciences"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Identification of Hydrologic Landscapes in Brazilian basins.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/325/download/667/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Identification of Hydrologic Landscapes in Brazilian basins.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/325/download/668/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 326,
            "title": "Fault seal modelling – the influence of fluid properties on fault sealing capacity in hydrocarbon and CO2 systems",
            "abstract": "Fault seal analysis is a key part of understanding the hydrocarbon trapping mechanisms in the petroleum industry. Fault seal research has also been expanded to CO2-brine systems for the application to Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). The wetting properties of rock-forming minerals in the presence of hydrocarbons or CO2 are a source of uncertainty in the calculations of capillary threshold pressure, which defines the fault sealing capacity. Here we explore this uncertainty in a comparison study between two fault-sealed fields located in the Otway Basin, south-east Australia. The Katnook field in the Penola Trough is a methane field, while Boggy Creek in Port Campbell contains a high-CO2/methane mixture. Two industry standard fault seal modelling methods (Yielding et al., 2010; Sperrevik et al., 2002) are used to discuss their relative strengths and applicability to the CO2 storage context. We identify a range of interfacial tensions and contact angle values in the hydrocarbon-water system under the conditions assumed by the Yielding et al. (2010) method. Based on this, the uncertainty related to the spread in fluid properties was determined to be 24% of the calculated threshold capillary pressure value. We propose a methodology of threshold capillary pressure conversion from hydrocarbon-brine to the CO2-brine system, using an input of appropriate interfacial tension and contact angle under reservoir conditions. The method can be used for any fluid system where fluid properties are defined by these two parameters.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "CO2 storage"
                },
                {
                    "word": "capillary seal"
                },
                {
                    "word": "CCS"
                },
                {
                    "word": "contact angle"
                },
                {
                    "word": "fault seal"
                },
                {
                    "word": "fluid properties"
                },
                {
                    "word": "interfacial tension"
                },
                {
                    "word": "wettability"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-08T10:03:36-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-12T09:22:28-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-12T09:22:28-07:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1144/petgeo2019-126",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/jge9w",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 12497,
                    "first_name": "Ruta",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Karolyte",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 458,
                    "first_name": "Gareth",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Johnson",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 7644,
                    "first_name": "Graham",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Yielding",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 7372,
                    "first_name": "Stuart",
                    "middle_name": "M. V.",
                    "last_name": "Gilfillan",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-1929-2843"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Tectonics and Structure"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Karolyte et al. 2019 Fault seal modelling PREPRINT.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/326/download/669/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 327,
            "title": "A new approach to inferring basal drag and ice rheology in ice streams, with applications to West Antarctic ice streams",
            "abstract": "Drag at the bed and along the lateral margins are the primary forces resisting flow in outlet glaciers. Simultaneously inferring these parame- ters is challenging since basal drag and ice viscosity are coupled in the momen- tum balance, which governs ice flow. Here, we test the ability of adjoint-based inverse methods to infer the slipperiness coefficient in a power-law sliding law and the flow-rate parameter in the constitutive relation. We modify existing inversions by including surface strain rates into the regularization of the in- version. Using synthetic data generated with physically-motivated variations in basal drag and ice rheology, we show that this allows for more accurate in- ferences. We apply this method to Bindschadler and MacAyeal Ice Streams in West Antarctica. Our results show relatively soft ice in the shear margins and spatially varying basal drag, with an increase in drag with distance upstream of the grounding line punctuated by localized areas of relatively high drag. We interpret the former to reflect a combination of heating through viscous dissipation and changes in the crystalline structure. These results suggest that adjoint-based inverse methods can provide inferences of basal drag and ice rheology when the regularization is informed by strain rates.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. 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                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "West Antarctica"
                },
                {
                    "word": "basal sliding"
                },
                {
                    "word": "glaciers"
                },
                {
                    "word": "ice dynamics"
                },
                {
                    "word": "ice rheology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "ice sheets"
                },
                {
                    "word": "ice streams"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-08T09:04:52-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-12T10:24:59-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-12T10:24:59-07:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2020.95",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/jcnvb",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 2562,
                    "first_name": "Meghana",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Ranganathan",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-8099-4775"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 3911,
                    "first_name": "Brent",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Minchew",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 12741,
                    "first_name": "Colin",
                    "middle_name": "R.",
                    "last_name": "Meyer",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 8802,
                    "first_name": "G.",
                    "middle_name": "Hilmar",
                    "last_name": "Gudmundsson",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Glaciology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Ranganathan_Inversion_EarthArXiV_4820.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/327/download/670/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Ranganathan_JGlaciologySubmission_Final_101120.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/327/download/3970/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Ranganathan2020_EarthArXiV.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/327/download/4460/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://osf.io/dxgct",
                    "label": "Supplementary material"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 3097,
            "title": "Image processing on meso-scale photographs of brittle shear zones",
            "abstract": "Study of structures and fabrics from different scales of observation is an indispensable first step in structural geology and other branches of geoscience. We process three selected images of brittle shear zones from quartzite, limestone and schist samples using various methods, steps and filters. Such exercises more effectively detect brittle planes when the planes are not too close-spaced and devoid of white fault gouge. Edge detection methods using fuzzy logic seems to be one of the best methods to detect brittle shear planes more distinctly in meso-scale from photographs acquired from ordinary cameras. Notwithstanding, structural geologists’ identification and categorization of structures in the field with naked yet “trained” eyes or in other scales of observation continues to be indispensible.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC0 1.0 Universal - Public Domain Dedication",
                "short_name": "CC0",
                "text": "Statement of Purpose\r\n\r\nThe laws of most jurisdictions throughout the world automatically confer exclusive Copyright and Related Rights (defined below) upon the creator and subsequent owner(s) (each and all, an \"owner\") of an original work of authorship and/or a database (each, a \"Work\").\r\n\r\nCertain owners wish to permanently relinquish those rights to a Work for the purpose of contributing to a commons of creative, cultural and scientific works (\"Commons\") that the public can reliably and without fear of later claims of infringement build upon, modify, incorporate in other works, reuse and redistribute as freely as possible in any form whatsoever and for any purposes, including without limitation commercial purposes. These owners may contribute to the Commons to promote the ideal of a free culture and the further production of creative, cultural and scientific works, or to gain reputation or greater distribution for their Work in part through the use and efforts of others.\r\n\r\nFor these and/or other purposes and motivations, and without any expectation of additional consideration or compensation, the person associating CC0 with a Work (the \"Affirmer\"), to the extent that he or she is an owner of Copyright and Related Rights in the Work, voluntarily elects to apply CC0 to the Work and publicly distribute the Work under its terms, with knowledge of his or her Copyright and Related Rights in the Work and the meaning and intended legal effect of CC0 on those rights.\r\n\r\n1. Copyright and Related Rights. A Work made available under CC0 may be protected by copyright and related or neighboring rights (\"Copyright and Related Rights\"). Copyright and Related Rights include, but are not limited to, the following:\r\n\r\nthe right to reproduce, adapt, distribute, perform, display, communicate, and translate a Work;\r\nmoral rights retained by the original author(s) and/or performer(s);\r\npublicity and privacy rights pertaining to a person's image or likeness depicted in a Work;\r\nrights protecting against unfair competition in regards to a Work, subject to the limitations in paragraph 4(a), below;\r\nrights protecting the extraction, dissemination, use and reuse of data in a Work;\r\ndatabase rights (such as those arising under Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, and under any national implementation thereof, including any amended or successor version of such directive); and\r\nother similar, equivalent or corresponding rights throughout the world based on applicable law or treaty, and any national implementations thereof.\r\n2. Waiver. To the greatest extent permitted by, but not in contravention of, applicable law, Affirmer hereby overtly, fully, permanently, irrevocably and unconditionally waives, abandons, and surrenders all of Affirmer's Copyright and Related Rights and associated claims and causes of action, whether now known or unknown (including existing as well as future claims and causes of action), in the Work (i) in all territories worldwide, (ii) for the maximum duration provided by applicable law or treaty (including future time extensions), (iii) in any current or future medium and for any number of copies, and (iv) for any purpose whatsoever, including without limitation commercial, advertising or promotional purposes (the \"Waiver\"). Affirmer makes the Waiver for the benefit of each member of the public at large and to the detriment of Affirmer's heirs and successors, fully intending that such Waiver shall not be subject to revocation, rescission, cancellation, termination, or any other legal or equitable action to disrupt the quiet enjoyment of the Work by the public as contemplated by Affirmer's express Statement of Purpose.\r\n\r\n3. Public License Fallback. Should any part of the Waiver for any reason be judged legally invalid or ineffective under applicable law, then the Waiver shall be preserved to the maximum extent permitted taking into account Affirmer's express Statement of Purpose. In addition, to the extent the Waiver is so judged Affirmer hereby grants to each affected person a royalty-free, non transferable, non sublicensable, non exclusive, irrevocable and unconditional license to exercise Affirmer's Copyright and Related Rights in the Work (i) in all territories worldwide, (ii) for the maximum duration provided by applicable law or treaty (including future time extensions), (iii) in any current or future medium and for any number of copies, and (iv) for any purpose whatsoever, including without limitation commercial, advertising or promotional purposes (the \"License\"). The License shall be deemed effective as of the date CC0 was applied by Affirmer to the Work. Should any part of the License for any reason be judged legally invalid or ineffective under applicable law, such partial invalidity or ineffectiveness shall not invalidate the remainder of the License, and in such case Affirmer hereby affirms that he or she will not (i) exercise any of his or her remaining Copyright and Related Rights in the Work or (ii) assert any associated claims and causes of action with respect to the Work, in either case contrary to Affirmer's express Statement of Purpose.\r\n\r\n4. Limitations and Disclaimers.\r\n\r\nNo trademark or patent rights held by Affirmer are waived, abandoned, surrendered, licensed or otherwise affected by this document.\r\nAffirmer offers the Work as-is and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Work, express, implied, statutory or otherwise, including without limitation warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non infringement, or the absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the present or absence of errors, whether or not discoverable, all to the greatest extent permissible under applicable law.\r\nAffirmer disclaims responsibility for clearing rights of other persons that may apply to the Work or any use thereof, including without limitation any person's Copyright and Related Rights in the Work. Further, Affirmer disclaims responsibility for obtaining any necessary consents, permissions or other rights required for any use of the Work.\r\nAffirmer understands and acknowledges that Creative Commons is not a party to this document and has no duty or obligation with respect to this CC0 or use of the Work.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "date_submitted": "2022-02-10T23:51:37.080000-08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2022-02-11T11:59:10.644000-08:00",
            "date_published": "2022-02-11T03:59:00-08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5T632",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 13627,
                    "first_name": "Poorvi",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Hebbar",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 13624,
                    "first_name": "Soumyajit",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Mukherjee",
                    "salutation": "Prof.",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 12808,
                    "first_name": "Narayan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Bose",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-5395-0788"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Hebbar et al (1).pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/3097/download/6257/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 328,
            "title": "Forming a Mogi Doughnut in the years prior to and immediately before the the 2014 M8.1 Iquique, Northern Chile Earthquake",
            "abstract": "Asperities are patches where the fault surfaces stick until they break in earthquakes. Locating asperities and understanding their causes in subduction zones is challenging because they are generally located offshore. We use seismicity, inter- and co-seismic slip, and the residual gravity field to map the asperity responsible for the 2014 M8.1 Iquique Chile earthquake. Until two weeks before the mainshock, seismicity occurred exclusively down-dip of the asperity, until a foreshock series broke first the upper plate and later its updip rim. Together the seismicity formed a ring around the future earthquake’s main slip patch. The asperity correlates both with high inter-seismic locking and a circular gravity low, suggesting that it is controlled by geologic structure. Most features of the spatiotemporal seismicity pattern can be explained by a mechanical model in which a single strong asperity is stressed by slab pull.",
            "license": {
                "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1",
                "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1",
                "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n                       Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL.  It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n                            Preamble\r\n\r\n  The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it.  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                "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Subduction zone"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Chile"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Earthquakes"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Mogi Doughnut"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-08T03:47:53-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-15T06:07:12-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-15T06:07:12-07:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL088351",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/49b3c",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 462,
                    "first_name": "Bernd",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Schurr",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 6969,
                    "first_name": "Marcos",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Moreno",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-6023-7283"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 7676,
                    "first_name": "Anne",
                    "middle_name": "Marie",
                    "last_name": "Tréhu",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 4213,
                    "first_name": "John",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Bedford",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 9685,
                    "first_name": "Jörn",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Kummerow",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 10336,
                    "first_name": "Shaoyang",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Li",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 7254,
                    "first_name": "Onno",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Oncken",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geophysics and Seismology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "schurr_etal_mogi_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/328/download/671/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "schurr_etal_mogi_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/328/download/672/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "schurr_etal_mogi_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/328/download/673/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 329,
            "title": "A mixed $RT_0 - P_0$ Raviart-Thomas finite element implementation of Darcy Equation in GNU Octave",
            "abstract": "In this paper we shall describe mixed formulations -differential and variational- of Darcys flow equation, an important model of elliptic problem. We describe * Galerkin method with finite dimensional spaces; * Local matrices and assembling; * Raviart-Thomas $RT_0 - P_0$ elements; * Edge basis and local matrices for $RT_0 - P_0$ FEM; * Model problem with corresponding local matrices, right hand side and treatment of boundary conditions. A simple demo written in GNU Octave is given.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
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Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Darcy flow"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Flow in porous media"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Mixed finite element methods"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-07T11:04:07-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-13T20:51:34-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-13T20:51:34-07:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/wjeq8",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 464,
                    "first_name": "Agah",
                    "middle_name": "D.",
                    "last_name": "Garnadi",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 6473,
                    "first_name": "Corinna",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Bahriawati",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Applied Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Bioresource and Agricultural Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Chemical Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Computational Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Hydrology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Numerical Analysis and Computation"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Partial Differential Equations"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Water Resource Management"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "DarcyMFEM.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/329/download/674/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "DarcyMFEM.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/329/download/675/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 330,
            "title": "Introduction to geoinformation science",
            "abstract": "Here, we define a geoinformation system (GIS) as a system, which is designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present geospatial data. In university education, we study geoinformation science that is the science underlying geographic concepts, applications, and systems. Geoinformation science is dedicated to advancing our understanding of geographic processes and spatial relationships through improved theory, methods, technology, and data. Since early days of GIS, use of geospatial data and analyses have drastically changed with increased pace during the last 20 years. Geospatial data and analyses are omnipresent in our information societies and there is an increasing need to understand the role and use of expanding geospatial data in our societies. Drivers of the development include enhanced global navigation satellite systems, miniaturization of sensors, three-dimensional remote sensing, open data, and software policies. Although the development in the use of geospatial data and analyses has been rapid, still most of the core concepts, principles, theories, methods, and algorithms of geoinformation science are not out-dated, merely those are applied with geospatial data of improved quality and larger coverage.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "forest sciences"
                },
                {
                    "word": "geoinformatics"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-07T07:17:18-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-11T08:49:28-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-11T08:49:28-07:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/gphe8",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 5289,
                    "first_name": "Mikko",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Vastaranta",
                    "salutation": "Prof.",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 454,
                    "first_name": "Ninni",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Saarinen",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 455,
                    "first_name": "Tuomas",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Yrttimaa",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 8740,
                    "first_name": "Timo",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Tokola",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Forest Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geographic Information Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geography"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Life Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Social and Behavioral Sciences"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Introduction to geoinformation science.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/330/download/676/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 331,
            "title": "Seismic electric signals (SES) and earthquakes: A review of an updated VAN method and competing hypotheses for SES generation and earthquake triggering",
            "abstract": "Electromagnetic phenomena are sometimes associated with seismic events, but earthquake prediction using seismic electric signals (SES) has not been seriously considered since the early 1990s. There are several causes: (1) false alarms that have created panics in Greece, and (2) a strong critique of the Varotsos-Alexopoulos-Nomicos (VAN) method used there. An updated VAN method that includes time series analysis has made successful medium-range predictions, and short-range predictions when coupled with seismic time series analysis. Four types of potential mechanisms to create precursory SES relying on deformation effects, temperature effects, ore-mineral movement or groundwater variation are reviewed. Data relevant to each are insufficient to favor a single mechanism. Records of the number of false positive and missed events for an updated VAN method have not been well maintained. False positives appear to be abundant and render the method unusable. Co-seismic groundwater fluctuations are addressed, and two novel hypotheses of earthquake trigger mechanism are also presented: ionospherically induced electric (and resultant magnetic) fields to weaken rock thereby causing failure; and volatiles liberated from minerals additionally promoting rock failure. Recommendations for further study are included.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. 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                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Earthquake prediction"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Earthquake trigger"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Seismic electric signal"
                },
                {
                    "word": "VAN method"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Volatile"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-06T20:13:10-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-07T00:01:14-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-07T00:01:14-07:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2020.106484",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/ypfje",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 465,
                    "first_name": "Daniel",
                    "middle_name": "S.",
                    "last_name": "Helman",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Studies"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geophysics and Seismology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Planetary Geophysics and Seismology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Planetary Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Social and Behavioral Sciences"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "SES and earthquakes - arXiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/331/download/677/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 332,
            "title": "Turbidites, Topography and Tectonics: Evolution of submarine channel-lobe systems in the salt-influenced Kwanza Basin, offshore Angola",
            "abstract": "Understanding the evolution of submarine channel-lobe systems on salt-influenced slopes is challenging as systems react to seemingly subtle changes in sea-floor topography. The impact of large blocking structures on individual deep-water systems is well documented, but understanding of the spatio-temporal evolution of regionally extensive channel-lobe systems in areas containing modest salt movement is relatively poor. We use 3-D seismic reflection data to map Late Miocene deep-water systems offshore Angola within a c. 450 ms TWTT thick interval. Advanced seismic attribute mapping tied to standard seismic stratigraphic, seismic facies analysis and time-thickness variations, reveals a wide variety and scale of alterations to sediment routing and geomorphology. Five seismic units (SU1-SU5) record a striking change in sediment pathways and structural relief within eight evolving minibasins. Observations within these units include gradual channel diversion through lateral migration during times of relatively high structural growth, opposed to abrupt channel movement via avulsion nodes during times of relatively high sediment accumulation. The results of the study led to the development of conceptual models for influences on deep-water systems during characteristic structural development in the contractional salt domain, these stages being initiation, maturity, and decay. The initiation stage contains small-segmented folds with mostly system bypass, while the maturity stage contains linked high-relief structures and prominent minibasins leading to ponding, large-scale diversion and localized slump deposits derived from nearby highs (SU1-SU3). The less studied final stage of topographic decay contains decreased length and relief of structures leading to a more complicated array of channel-lobe bypass, diversion, ponding and subtle control on avulsion nodes (SU4-SU5). These observations contribute to the understanding of channel-lobe stacking, routing and control over transition zones in tectonically active areas, ultimately improving our general understanding of the effects of significant through to subtle sea-floor topography, and can be a guide in other salt-influenced basins.",
            "license": {
                "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1",
                "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1",
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IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN\r\nWRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY\r\nAND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU\r\nFOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR\r\nCONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE\r\nLIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING\r\nRENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A\r\nFAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF\r\nSUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH\r\nDAMAGES.\r\n\r\n                     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS\r\n\r\n           How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries\r\n\r\n  If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest\r\npossible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that\r\neveryone can redistribute and change.  You can do so by permitting\r\nredistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the\r\nordinary General Public License).\r\n\r\n  To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library.  It is\r\nsafest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively\r\nconvey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the\r\n\"copyright\" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.\r\n\r\n    <one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.>\r\n    Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>\r\n\r\n    This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\r\n    modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n    License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either\r\n    version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.\r\n\r\n    This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\r\n    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\r\n    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU\r\n    Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n    License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n    Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary.  Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n  Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n  library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n  <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n  Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!",
                "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "seismic"
                },
                {
                    "word": "channel-lobe systems"
                },
                {
                    "word": "deep-water"
                },
                {
                    "word": "minibasins"
                },
                {
                    "word": "offshore Angola"
                },
                {
                    "word": "sea-floor topography"
                },
                {
                    "word": "sediment routing"
                },
                {
                    "word": "turbidites"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-06T12:42:32-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-07T00:04:17-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-07T00:04:17-07:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.12506",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/8xhte",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 466,
                    "first_name": "Danielle",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Howlett",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 5351,
                    "first_name": "Robert",
                    "middle_name": "Leslie",
                    "last_name": "Gawthorpe",
                    "salutation": "Prof.",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 467,
                    "first_name": "Zhiyuan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Ge",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 301,
                    "first_name": "Atle",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Rotevatn",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 1573,
                    "first_name": "Christopher",
                    "middle_name": "Aiden-Lee",
                    "last_name": "Jackson",
                    "salutation": "Prof.",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-8592-9032"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geomorphology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Sedimentology"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Howlett_Preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/332/download/678/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 10055,
            "title": "Band ratio to band difference for Chl of oceanic waters:  broke a self-imposed no-touch zone",
            "abstract": "There are many empirical algorithms developed for the remote sensing of chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl) from ocean color measurements, with the blue-green band-ratio type of algorithms dominating these practices. During the phase of algorithm development, which is data-driven, generally the errors of remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) from satellites are ignored until Hu et al. (2012) developed a band-difference type algorithm where Rrs at the blue, green, and red bands were used as the input, where the errors in Rrs were kept in mind. This band-difference algorithm generated significantly better Chl image products for oceanic waters from satellite ocean color measurements, which contributed greatly to satellite ocean color remote sensing and influenced the way of thinking in algorithm development. ",
            "license": {
                "name": "No Creative Commons license",
                "short_name": "No CC license",
                "text": "This option allows you to opt out of adding a Creative Commons license to your submission.",
                "url": "https://escholarship.org"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "ocean color"
                },
                {
                    "word": "chlorophyll-a concentration"
                },
                {
                    "word": "empirical algorithms"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2025-08-28T02:00:52.569000-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2025-08-28T05:51:59.142000-07:00",
            "date_published": "2025-08-28T05:51:00-07:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5D16R",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 30966,
                    "first_name": "Zhongping",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Lee",
                    "salutation": "Prof.",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 118954,
                    "first_name": "Chengfeng",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Le",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Education"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Band_difference-for_Chl.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/10055/download/18631/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "band_difference-for_chl1.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/10055/download/18635/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 333,
            "title": "Individual tree detection and characterization using 3D remote sensing",
            "abstract": "Here, we will cover individual tree detection and characterization using 3D remote sensing. Simply, it means that point clouds are collected over a forested area using airborne laser scanning (ALS) or created using photogrammetric image interpretation and further used to detect individual trees using different algorithms. After the tree detection, the attributes of interest are predicted for each tree. We try to consistently use the terms “individual tree detection and characterization” or “individual tree detection” and “individual tree characterization” separately referring to different methodological steps. In the scientific remote sensing literature, terms individual tree detection (ITD), individual tree crown approach (ITC) and single tree inventory (STI) are also often used and most often they refer to the same thing. We’ll start by discussing why we need information from single trees. Then we go through the methodological steps that are used in individual tree detection and characterization: 1) remote sensing and field data collection, 2) data types and processing, 3) tree detection algorithms, and 4) methods for prediction of tree attributes. The current methodological state-of-the-art in individual tree detection and characterization is described before we’ll finally present some example applications in biodiversity monitoring, urban forestry and wood procurement planning.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "LiDAR"
                },
                {
                    "word": "forest sciences"
                },
                {
                    "word": "geoinformatics"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-06T04:47:18-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-11T08:50:40-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-11T08:50:40-07:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/h7asu",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 5289,
                    "first_name": "Mikko",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Vastaranta",
                    "salutation": "Prof.",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 454,
                    "first_name": "Ninni",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Saarinen",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 455,
                    "first_name": "Tuomas",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Yrttimaa",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 7474,
                    "first_name": "Ville",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Kankare",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Forest Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geographic Information Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geography"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Life Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Remote Sensing"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Social and Behavioral Sciences"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Chapter on individual tree detection and characterization using 3D remote sensing.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/333/download/679/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 334,
            "title": "InSAR Time Series Analysis of L-band Wide- Swath SAR Data Acquired by ALOS-2",
            "abstract": "Operating at L-band (~24 cm wavelength) in wide-swath modes is one of the characteristics of the new and next generation satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) missions. After 3 years of operation, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Advanced Land Observing Satellite-2 (ALOS-2) satellite has acquired a wealth of L-band wide-swath SAR data over many areas using its ScanSAR mode. We present interferometry SAR (InSAR) time series analysis results from ALOS-2 ScanSAR data. We analyze the possible error sources in the InSAR and correct them if possible. We present different time series analysis results including azimuth frequency modulation rate error, line of sight (LOS) ionospheric phase, azimuth shift caused by the ionosphere, and LOS displacement processed using both full-aperture and burst-by -burst workflows. The final InSAR LOS displacement time series result reveals both large-scale tectonic and small-scale anthropogenic deformation components. The results demonstrate the potential for measuring continental or even global-scale tectonic deformation and illustrate the promise of upcoming L-band wide-swath SAR missions, such as the NASA-ISRO SAR mission.",
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                "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "remote sensing"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Seismology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Geology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Geophysics"
                },
                {
                    "word": "time series analysis"
                },
                {
                    "word": "volcanology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "civil engineering"
                },
                {
                    "word": "hydrology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "InSAR"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Sentinel-1"
                },
                {
                    "word": "earthquake"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Glaciology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Tectonics"
                },
                {
                    "word": "geomorphology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "ALOS"
                },
                {
                    "word": "ALOS-2"
                },
                {
                    "word": "ALOS-4"
                },
                {
                    "word": "azimuth deformation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "deformation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "geomatics"
                },
                {
                    "word": "interferometry"
                },
                {
                    "word": "ionosphere"
                },
                {
                    "word": "ionosphere correction"
                },
                {
                    "word": "L-band"
                },
                {
                    "word": "NISAR"
                },
                {
                    "word": "ScanSAR"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Sentinel"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Sentinel-1A"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Sentinel-1B"
                },
                {
                    "word": "SweepSAR"
                },
                {
                    "word": "synthetic aperture radar"
                },
                {
                    "word": "wide swath"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-05T15:32:26-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-12T10:08:14-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-12T10:08:14-07:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2018.2821150",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/dt4av",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 40,
                    "first_name": "Cunren",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Liang",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 6554,
                    "first_name": "Zhen",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Liu",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 1595,
                    "first_name": "Eric",
                    "middle_name": "Jameson",
                    "last_name": "Fielding",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-6648-8067"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 7853,
                    "first_name": "Roland",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Bürgmann",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Aerospace Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Electrical and Computer Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geomorphology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geophysics and Seismology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Glaciology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Hydrology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Mining Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Other Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Tectonics and Structure"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Volcanology"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "liang_ts_v4.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/334/download/680/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "liang_ts_v4.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/334/download/681/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 335,
            "title": "Estimating Azimuth Offset With Double-Difference Interferometric Phase: The Effect of Azimuth FM Rate Error in Focusing",
            "abstract": "Estimating azimuth offset with double-difference interferometric (DDI) phase, which is called multiple-aperture interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) or spectral diversity, is increasingly used in recent years to measure azimuth deformation or to accurately coregister a pair of InSAR images. We analyze the effect of frequency modulation (FM) rate error in focusing on the DDI phase with an emphasis on the azimuth direction. We first comprehensively analyze the errors in various focusing results caused by the FM rate error. We then derive the DDI phase error considering different acquisition modes including stripmap, ScanSAR, and TOPS modes. For stripmap mode, typical DDI phase error is a range ramp, while for burst modes including ScanSAR and TOPS modes it is an azimuth ramp within a burst. The correction methods for the DDI phase error are suggested for different acquisition modes.",
            "license": {
                "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1",
                "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1",
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                "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "remote sensing"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Seismology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Geophysics"
                },
                {
                    "word": "InSAR"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Sentinel-1"
                },
                {
                    "word": "earthquake"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Tectonics"
                },
                {
                    "word": "ALOS"
                },
                {
                    "word": "ALOS-2"
                },
                {
                    "word": "ALOS-4"
                },
                {
                    "word": "azimuth deformation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "deformation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "interferometry"
                },
                {
                    "word": "NISAR"
                },
                {
                    "word": "ScanSAR"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Sentinel"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Sentinel-1A"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Sentinel-1B"
                },
                {
                    "word": "synthetic aperture radar"
                },
                {
                    "word": "along-track deformation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "MAI"
                },
                {
                    "word": "SAR"
                },
                {
                    "word": "spectral diversity"
                },
                {
                    "word": "stripmap"
                },
                {
                    "word": "TOPS"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-05T15:16:15-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-06T07:37:48-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-06T07:37:48-07:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2017.2737955",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/xz26u",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 40,
                    "first_name": "Cunren",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Liang",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 1595,
                    "first_name": "Eric",
                    "middle_name": "Jameson",
                    "last_name": "Fielding",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-6648-8067"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 7806,
                    "first_name": "Mong-Han",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Huang",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Aerospace Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Electrical and Computer Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geomorphology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geophysics and Seismology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Glaciology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Hydrology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Mining Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Other Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Tectonics and Structure"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Volcanology"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "3_liang_fmrate_r1.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/335/download/682/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 336,
            "title": "Measuring Azimuth Deformation With L-Band ALOS-2 ScanSAR Interferometry",
            "abstract": "We analyze the methods for measuring azimuth deformation with the L-band Advanced Land Observing Satellite-2 (ALOS-2) scanning synthetic aperture radar (ScanSAR) interferometry. To implement the methods, we extract focused bursts from the ALOS-2 full-aperture product, which is the only product available for ScanSAR interferometry at present. The extracted bursts are properly processed to measure azimuth deformation using interferometric phase. We apply the range split-spectrum method to ScanSAR to estimate the differential ionospheric phase of the interferogram, and take the azimuth derivative of the differential ionospheric phase to mitigate the relative azimuth shift caused by ionosphere. For the first time, azimuth deformation of a large earthquake (April 25, 2015 Nepal earthquake) is nearly completely measured by the L-band ScanSAR interferometry with moderate precision. The result is validated by the azimuth deformation measured by incoherent cross correlation using a pair of high-resolution RADARSAT-2 images. In addition to the final azimuth deformation, we show the possibility of processing full-aperture ScanSAR product using a burst-by-burst approach to form regular interferograms. We also show the recent strong large-scale ionospheric effects on the L-band ALOS-2 ScanSAR interferograms. Other possible applications of this paper include measuring the movement of glaciers.",
            "license": {
                "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1",
                "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1",
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                "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "remote sensing"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Seismology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Geology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Geophysics"
                },
                {
                    "word": "volcanology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "civil engineering"
                },
                {
                    "word": "hydrology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "InSAR"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Sentinel-1"
                },
                {
                    "word": "earthquake"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Glaciology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Tectonics"
                },
                {
                    "word": "geomorphology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "ALOS"
                },
                {
                    "word": "ALOS-2"
                },
                {
                    "word": "ALOS-4"
                },
                {
                    "word": "azimuth deformation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "deformation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "geomatics"
                },
                {
                    "word": "interferometry"
                },
                {
                    "word": "ionosphere"
                },
                {
                    "word": "ionosphere correction"
                },
                {
                    "word": "L-band"
                },
                {
                    "word": "NISAR"
                },
                {
                    "word": "ScanSAR"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Sentinel"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Sentinel-1A"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Sentinel-1B"
                },
                {
                    "word": "synthetic aperture radar"
                },
                {
                    "word": "along-track deformation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "SAR"
                },
                {
                    "word": "full aperture"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-05T15:07:57-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-06T09:27:30-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-06T09:27:30-07:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2017.2653186",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/5sqgn",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 40,
                    "first_name": "Cunren",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Liang",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 1595,
                    "first_name": "Eric",
                    "middle_name": "Jameson",
                    "last_name": "Fielding",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-6648-8067"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Aerospace Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Computational Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Computer Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Electrical and Computer Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geomorphology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geophysics and Seismology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Glaciology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Hydrology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Mining Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Other Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Signal Processing"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Tectonics and Structure"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Volcanology"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "3_pdf_version_2.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/336/download/683/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 337,
            "title": "Interferometric Processing of ScanSAR Data Using Stripmap Processor: New Insights from Coregistration",
            "abstract": "Processing scanning synthetic aperture radar (ScanSAR) data using a stripmap processor, which is called full-aperture processing, has been the choice of many researchers. ScanSAR data are known to require very high azimuth coregistration precision which is usually achieved by a geometrical coregistration followed by a spectral diversity coregistration on the ScanSAR burst. However, for full-aperture processing, since individual bursts are no longer available for spectral diversity coregistration, the cross-correlation method in practice is still used to coregister ScanSAR data as stripmap data. We analyze the azimuth coregistration precision requirement of full-aperture processing and find that its requirement can be significantly relaxed. This is confirmed by a number of experiments, including simulations and real data experiments whose results are in good agreement with each other. An additional experiment on the cross-correlation method supports its use in full-aperture processing. Concluding from the experimental results, we further propose a simple method to evaluate the azimuth coregistration precision requirement for practical use. Finally, we present examples with ALOS-2 ScanSAR data.",
            "license": {
                "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1",
                "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1",
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                "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "remote sensing"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Seismology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Geology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Geophysics"
                },
                {
                    "word": "volcanology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "civil engineering"
                },
                {
                    "word": "hydrology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "InSAR"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Sentinel-1"
                },
                {
                    "word": "earthquake"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Glaciology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Tectonics"
                },
                {
                    "word": "geomorphology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "ALOS"
                },
                {
                    "word": "ALOS-2"
                },
                {
                    "word": "ALOS-4"
                },
                {
                    "word": "deformation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "geomatics"
                },
                {
                    "word": "interferometry"
                },
                {
                    "word": "NISAR"
                },
                {
                    "word": "ScanSAR"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Sentinel"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Sentinel-1A"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Sentinel-1B"
                },
                {
                    "word": "synthetic aperture radar"
                },
                {
                    "word": "SAR"
                },
                {
                    "word": "full aperture"
                },
                {
                    "word": "coregistration"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-05T14:59:58-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-13T21:10:30-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-13T21:10:30-07:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2016.2539962",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/7r4ag",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 40,
                    "first_name": "Cunren",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Liang",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 1595,
                    "first_name": "Eric",
                    "middle_name": "Jameson",
                    "last_name": "Fielding",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-6648-8067"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Aerospace Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Computer Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Electrical and Computer Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geophysics and Seismology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Glaciology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Hydrology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Mining Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Other Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Tectonics and Structure"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Volcanology"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "3_pdf_version_0.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/337/download/684/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "3_pdf_version_0.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/337/download/685/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 10078,
            "title": "Governing transboundary river barriers: adaptive management challenges in South and Southeast Asia",
            "abstract": "",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
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If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "date_submitted": "2025-08-29T18:28:51.273000-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2025-08-30T06:49:17.357000-07:00",
            "date_published": "2025-08-30T06:49:00-07:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5ZQ9R",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 35445,
                    "first_name": "JINGRUI",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "SUN",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 35446,
                    "first_name": "Lucas",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Martyn",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 12439,
                    "first_name": "Julian",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Olden",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 119012,
                    "first_name": "Daming",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "He",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Health and Protection"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Monitoring"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Hydrology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Sustainability"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Water Resource Management"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Barrier Manuscript_2025.4.24.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/10078/download/18665/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 338,
            "title": "Interferometry with ALOS-2 full-aperture ScanSAR data",
            "abstract": "Advanced Land Observing Satellite-2 (ALOS-2) is designed to routinely acquire both scanning synthetic aperture radar (ScanSAR) and stripmap data. In this paper, we present a special multiband bandpass filter (MBF) to remove azimuth nonoverlap spectra for the interferometric processing of ALOS-2 full-aperture ScanSAR product. As required by the MBF, we estimate the important ScanSAR system parameters and the start times of raw bursts using ALOS-2 full-aperture ScanSAR image. The resulting MBF can remove the nonoverlap spectra caused by both Doppler centroid frequency difference and burst misalignment. It can be used in ScanSAR-ScanSAR interferometry, as well as ScanSAR-stripmap interferometry. Based on the MBF, we propose a single processing workflow that is able to implement both ScanSAR-ScanSAR interferometry and ScanSAR-stripmap interferometry. Finally, we present example interferograms of the 2015 Gorkha earthquake in Nepal processed using the proposed processing workflow. The interferograms are greatly improved after applying the MBF to remove the significant amount of nonoverlap spectra in the data.",
            "license": {
                "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1",
                "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1",
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                "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "remote sensing"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Geology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Geophysics"
                },
                {
                    "word": "volcanology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "civil engineering"
                },
                {
                    "word": "hydrology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "InSAR"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Sentinel-1"
                },
                {
                    "word": "earthquake"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Glaciology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Tectonics"
                },
                {
                    "word": "geomorphology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "ALOS"
                },
                {
                    "word": "ALOS-2"
                },
                {
                    "word": "ALOS-4"
                },
                {
                    "word": "deformation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "geomatics"
                },
                {
                    "word": "interferometry"
                },
                {
                    "word": "L-band"
                },
                {
                    "word": "NISAR"
                },
                {
                    "word": "ScanSAR"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Sentinel"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Sentinel-1A"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Sentinel-1B"
                },
                {
                    "word": "synthetic aperture radar"
                },
                {
                    "word": "SAR"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-05T14:48:22-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-13T21:02:19-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-13T21:02:19-07:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2017.2653190",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/f6s93",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 40,
                    "first_name": "Cunren",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Liang",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 1595,
                    "first_name": "Eric",
                    "middle_name": "Jameson",
                    "last_name": "Fielding",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-6648-8067"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Aerospace Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Electrical and Computer Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geophysics and Seismology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Glaciology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Mining Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Other Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Tectonics and Structure"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Volcanology"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "3_pdf_version_1.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/338/download/686/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "3_pdf_version_1.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/338/download/687/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 339,
            "title": "Is the Aftershock Zone Area a Good Proxy for the Mainshock Rupture Area?",
            "abstract": "The locations of aftershocks are often observed to be on the same fault plane as the mainshock and used as proxies for its rupture area. Recent developments in earthquake relocation techniques have led to great improvements in the accuracy of  earthquake locations, offering an unprecedented opportunity to quantify both the aftershock distribution and mainshock rupture area. In this study, we design a consistent approach to calculate the area enclosed by aftershocks of Mw≥5.4 mainshocks in California, normalized by the mainshock rupture area derived from slip contours. We also investigate the Coulomb stress change from mainshock slip and compare it to the aftershock zone. We find that overall, the ratios of aftershock zone area to mainshock rupture area, hereinafter referred to as “aftershock ratio”, lie within a range of 0.5 to 5.4, with most values larger than 1. Using different slip inversion models for the same mainshock can have a large impact on the results, but the ratios estimated from both the relocated catalogs and Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) catalog have similar patterns. The aftershock ratios based on relocated catalogs of Southern California fall between 0.5 and 4.3, while they exhibit a wider range from 1 to 5.4 for Northern California. Aftershock ratios for the early aftershock window (within 1 day) show a similar range but smaller values than using the entire aftershock duration, and we propose that continuing afterslip could contribute to the expanding aftershock zone area following several mainshocks. Our results show that areas with positive Coulomb stress change scale with aftershock zone areas, and spatial distribution of aftershocks represents stress release from mainshock rupture and continuing postseismic slip.",
            "license": {
                "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1",
                "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1",
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                "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "aftershocks"
                },
                {
                    "word": "aftershock area"
                },
                {
                    "word": "california"
                },
                {
                    "word": "rupture area"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-04T15:54:34-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-06T15:22:15-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-06T15:22:15-07:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/cp9vn",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 12909,
                    "first_name": "Jing Ci",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Neo",
                    "salutation": "Ms",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 3920,
                    "first_name": "Yihe",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Huang",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 7850,
                    "first_name": "Dongdong",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Yao",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 8957,
                    "first_name": "Shengji",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Wei",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geophysics and Seismology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Neo_etal_BSSA_2020_EarthArXiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/339/download/688/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Neo_etal_BSSA_2019_revised_final.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/339/download/689/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Neo_etal_BSSA_2019_revised_final.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/339/download/690/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Neo_etal_BSSA_2019_revised_final.docx",
                    "mime_type": "application/msword",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/339/download/691/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "http://equake-rc.info/SRCMOD/searchmodels/allevents/",
                    "label": "Public data"
                },
                {
                    "url": "http://www.ncedc.org/ncedc/catalog-search.html",
                    "label": "Public data"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://scedc.caltech.edu",
                    "label": "Public data"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 340,
            "title": "Rethinking Groundwater Age",
            "abstract": "The ideas that old or “fossil” groundwater cannot be pumped sustainably, or that recently recharged groundwater is inherently sustainable are both mistaken. Both old and young groundwaters can be used in physically sustainable or unsustainable ways.",
            "license": {
                "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1",
                "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1",
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                "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt"
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-02T12:18:55-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-02T23:15:41-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-02T23:15:41-07:00",
            "doi": "http://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-020-0629-7",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/gq2m3",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 4134,
                    "first_name": "Grant",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Ferguson",
                    "salutation": "Prof.",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 3966,
                    "first_name": "Mark",
                    "middle_name": "Olaf",
                    "last_name": "Cuthbert",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-6721-022X"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 7869,
                    "first_name": "Kevin",
                    "middle_name": "M.",
                    "last_name": "Befus",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 4102,
                    "first_name": "Tom",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Gleeson",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-9493-7707"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 6632,
                    "first_name": "Jennifer",
                    "middle_name": "C",
                    "last_name": "McIntosh",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-5055-4202"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geochemistry"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Hydrology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Ferguson0766_Comment_Final.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/340/download/692/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Ferguson et al NG GW age preprint EarthArxiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/340/download/693/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Ferguson et al NG GW age preprint EarthArxiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/340/download/694/"
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                    "original_filename": "Ferguson et al NG GW age preprint EarthArxiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/340/download/695/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Ferguson et al NG GW age commentary March 31.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/340/download/696/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Ferguson et al NG GW age commentary March 31.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/340/download/697/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 341,
            "title": "Global Sensitivity Analysis to Optimize Basin-Scale Conductive Model Calibration – A Case Study From the Upper Rhine Graben",
            "abstract": "Calibrating geothermal simulations is a critical step, both in scientific and industrial contexts, with suitable model parameterizations being optimised to reduce discrepancies between simulated and measured temperatures. Here we present a methodology to identify unaccounted physical processes in the process and overcome the problem of measurement sparsity. With an application to the Upper Rhine Graben, we demonstrate the essential need for global sensitivity studies to robustly calibrate geothermal models, showing that local studies overestimate the influence of some parameters. We ensure the feasibility of the study through a physics-based machine learning approach, reducing computation time by several orders of magnitude.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). 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If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "global sensitivity analysis"
                },
                {
                    "word": "reduced basis method"
                },
                {
                    "word": "sensitivity-driven model calibration"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Upper Rhine Graben"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-01T07:02:39-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-01T09:04:50-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-01T09:04:50-07:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2021.102143",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/b7pgs",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 1622,
                    "first_name": "Denise",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Degen",
                    "salutation": "Ms",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-7932-6251"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 6651,
                    "first_name": "Karen",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Veroy",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 7892,
                    "first_name": "Jessica",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Freymark",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 8994,
                    "first_name": "Magdalena",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Scheck-Wenderoth",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 3826,
                    "first_name": "Florian",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Wellmann",
                    "salutation": "Prof.",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-2552-1876"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Applied Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "GlobalSAURG_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/341/download/698/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "GlobalSAURG_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/341/download/4497/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "GlobalSAURG_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/341/download/4498/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "GlobalSAURG_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/341/download/5931/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 342,
            "title": "POSSIBILITIES OF CHANGE DETECTION OF TREE AND FOREST ATTRIBUTES BY COMBINING TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING BASED 3D POINT CLOUDS WITH UAV DATA",
            "abstract": "Exact and up-to-date information about forest resources is needed for decision makers when planning the use of forests. Knowledge about changes in forest environment and tree growth is a key factor for example when predicting the effects of climate change and estimating the amount of biomass and sequestered carbon in forests. New technologies, such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), allow one to collect detailed information of forests from above with relatively close range. UAVs have already been used e.g. for environmental monitoring, tree attribute detection and forest inventories. However, also accurate and in detail reference measurements are needed for estimating forest resource information, to be able to take advantage of the new methods. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) can be used for measuring tree and forest attributes from ground in very high detail. This study shows how follow-up measurements with TLS-based three-dimensional point clouds allow one to investigate the changes both on individual tree and plot level. Based on the results, the possibilities of using TLS data as reference for UAV inventories or together with UAV based measurements are discussed in an attempt to find more accurate and effective solutions for forest change detection.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "UAV"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Change Detection"
                },
                {
                    "word": "3D point clouds"
                },
                {
                    "word": "terrestrial laser scanning"
                },
                {
                    "word": "tree growth"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-04-01T00:11:11-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-01T09:04:36-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-01T09:04:36-07:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/seuhm",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 473,
                    "first_name": "Ville",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Luoma",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 455,
                    "first_name": "Tuomas",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Yrttimaa",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 7474,
                    "first_name": "Ville",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Kankare",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 454,
                    "first_name": "Ninni",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Saarinen",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 9838,
                    "first_name": "Harri",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Kaartinen",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 10432,
                    "first_name": "Antero",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Kukko",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 8999,
                    "first_name": "Juha",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Hyyppä",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-5360-4017"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 5289,
                    "first_name": "Mikko",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Vastaranta",
                    "salutation": "Prof.",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 10243,
                    "first_name": "Markus",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Holopainen",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Forest Management"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Forest Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geography"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Life Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Remote Sensing"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Social and Behavioral Sciences"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "POSSIBILITIES OF CHANGE DETECTION OF_preprint.docx",
                    "mime_type": "application/msword",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/342/download/699/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 343,
            "title": "A Spatially Explicit Satellite-Derived Surface Urban Heat Island Database for Urbanized Areas in the United States: Characterization, Uncertainties, and Possible Applications",
            "abstract": "The urban heat island (UHI) effect is strongly modulated by urban-scale changes to the aerodynamic, thermal, and radiative properties of the Earth’s land surfaces. Interest in this phenomenon, both from the climatological and public health perspectives, has led to hundreds of UHI studies, mostly conducted on a city-by-city basis. These studies, however, do not provide a complete picture of the UHI for administrative units using a consistent methodology. To address this gap, we characterize clear-sky surface UHI (SUHI) intensities for all urbanized areas in the United States using a modified Simplified Urban-Extent (SUE) approach by combining a fusion of remotely-sensed data products with multiple US census-defined administrative urban delineations. We find the highest daytime SUHI intensities during summer (1.91 ± 0.97 °C) for 418 of the 497 urbanized areas, while the winter daytime SUHI intensity (0.87 ± 0.45 °C) is the lowest in 439 cases. Since urban vegetation has been frequently cited as an effective way to mitigate UHI, we use NDVI, a satellite-derived proxy for live green vegetation, and US census tract delineations to characterize how vegetation density modulates inter-urban, intra-urban, and inter-seasonal variability in SUHI intensity. In addition, we also explore how elevation and distance from the coast confound SUHI estimates. To further quantify the uncertainties in our estimates, we analyze and discuss some limitations in using these satellite-derived products across climate zones, particularly issues with using remotely sensed radiometric temperature and vegetation indices as proxies for urban heat and vegetation cover. We demonstrate an application of this spatially explicit dataset, showing that for the majority of the urbanized areas, SUHI intensity is lower in census tracts with higher median income and higher proportion of white people. Our analysis also suggests that poor and non-white urban residents may suffer the possible adverse effects of summer SUHI without reaping the potential benefits (e.g., warmer temperatures) during winter, though establishing this result would require future research using more comprehensive heat stress metrics. This study develops new methodological advancements to characterize SUHI and its intra-urban variability at levels of aggregation consistent with sources of other socioeconomic information, which can be relevant in future inter-disciplinary research and as a possible screening tool for policy-making. The dataset developed in this study can be visualized at: https://datadrivenlab.users.earthengine.app/view/usuhiapp.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "NDVI"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Environmental Disparities"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Google Earth Engine"
                },
                {
                    "word": "LST"
                },
                {
                    "word": "MODIS"
                },
                {
                    "word": "UHI"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-03-30T18:27:09-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-03-30T22:08:57-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-03-30T22:08:57-07:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2020.07.021",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/59tf8",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 3717,
                    "first_name": "TC",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Chakraborty",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-1338-3525"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 21599,
                    "first_name": "Angel",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Hsu",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 7971,
                    "first_name": "Diego",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Manya",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 9051,
                    "first_name": "Glenn",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Sheriff",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Manuscript_revised_2_final.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/343/download/700/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Manuscript_revised_2_final.docx",
                    "mime_type": "application/msword",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/343/download/701/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Manuscript.docx",
                    "mime_type": "application/msword",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/343/download/702/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Manuscript.docx",
                    "mime_type": "application/msword",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/343/download/703/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Manuscript_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/343/download/704/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Manuscript.docx",
                    "mime_type": "application/msword",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/343/download/705/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 344,
            "title": "RainDisaggGAN - Temporal Disaggregation of Spatial Rainfall Fields with Generative Adversarial Networks",
            "abstract": "Creating spatially coherent rainfall patterns with high temporal resolution\nfrom data with lower temporal resolution is an important topic in\nmany geoscientific applications. From a statistical perspective, this\npresents a high-dimensional and highly under-determined\nproblem. However, recent advances in unsupervised machine learning\nprovide methods for learning such high-dimensional probability distributions.\nWe show that it is possible to use Generative Adversarial Networks\n(GANs) for estimating the full probability distribution of spatial\nrainfall patterns with high temporal resolution, conditioned on a\nspatial field of lower temporal resolution, requiring no knowledge\nof the underlying processes. The GAN is trained on rainfall radar\ndata. Given a new field of daily precipitation sums, it can be used\nto sample scenarios of spatiotemporal patterns with sub-daily resolution,\nat very low computational cost. While the generated patterns do not\nperfectly reproduce the statistics of the observations, they are visually\nhardly distinguishable from the real patterns.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "machine learning"
                },
                {
                    "word": "hydrology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Neural Networks"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Artificial Intelligence"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Precipitation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "disaggregation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "downscaling"
                },
                {
                    "word": "GAN"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-03-30T11:30:25-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-03-30T16:03:05-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-03-30T16:03:05-07:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/9ycfv",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 475,
                    "first_name": "Sebastian",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Scher",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 6747,
                    "first_name": "Stefanie",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Peßenteiner",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Artificial Intelligence and Robotics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Computer Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Hydrology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "pr_disagg_radar_v6_GRL.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/344/download/706/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://osf.io/w7sn3",
                    "label": "Supplementary material"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 345,
            "title": "Early evidence that COVID-19 government policies reduce urban air pollution",
            "abstract": "Governments have a solemn responsibility to ensure the health and well-being of the populations they govern. The COVID-19 pandemic reveals just how serious governments take this responsibility and that restricting activity to limit pathogen spread can have other public health repercussions. Comparisons between February 2019 and 2020 air quality measures reveal that six cities that were impacted early by government restrictions in response to COVID-19 show consistent declines in five of six major air pollutants. Given that air pollution causes more than four million premature deaths annually, the declines in air pollution in response to activity changes confirm that governments have the capability to improve air quality through policy change.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "date_submitted": "2020-03-30T07:54:42-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-03-30T16:11:30-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-03-30T16:11:30-07:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/nhgj3",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 3891,
                    "first_name": "Marc",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Cadotte",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-5816-7693"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Health and Protection"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Monitoring"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Cadotte_EarthArXiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/345/download/707/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Cadotte_EarthArXiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/345/download/708/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 346,
            "title": "Continuum of earthquake rupture speeds enabled by oblique slip",
            "abstract": "Earthquake rupture speed can affect ground shaking and thus seismic hazard. Seismological observations show that large earthquakes span a continuum of rupture speeds, from slower than Rayleigh waves up to P wave speed, and include speeds that are predicted to be unstable by 2D theory. This discrepancy between observations and theory has not yet been reconciled by a quantitative model. Here we present numerical simulations that show that long ruptures with oblique slip (both strike-slip and dip-slip components) can propagate steadily at various speeds, including those previously suggested to be unstable. The obliqueness of slip and the ratio of fracture energy to static energy release rate primarily control the propagation speed of long ruptures. We find that the effects of these controls on rupture speed can be predicted by extending the 3D theory of fracture mechanics to long ruptures with oblique slip. We propose that this model provides a quantitative framework to interpret supershear earthquakes, to constrain the energy ratio of faults based on observed rupture speed and rake angle, and to relate the potential rupture speed and size of future earthquakes to the observed slip deficit along faults.",
            "license": {
                "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1",
                "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1",
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                "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt"
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "date_submitted": "2020-03-30T03:30:57-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-03-31T05:29:56-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-03-31T05:29:56-07:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/tw4ju",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 477,
                    "first_name": "Huihui",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Weng",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 1567,
                    "first_name": "Jean Paul",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Ampuero",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-4827-7987"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geophysics and Seismology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Manuscript_EarthArXiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/346/download/709/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Submitted_to_EarthArXiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/346/download/710/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Submitted_to_EarthArXiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/346/download/711/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 347,
            "title": "Climate controls the length and shape of the world’s drainage basins",
            "abstract": "Submitted manuscript currently under review at Geophysical Research Letters (American Geophysical Union publication).",
            "license": {
                "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1",
                "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1",
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                "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt"
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "date_submitted": "2020-03-27T02:09:06-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-01T09:05:06-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-01T09:05:06-07:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/xensf",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 478,
                    "first_name": "Michael",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Singer",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 479,
                    "first_name": "Stuart",
                    "middle_name": "M",
                    "last_name": "Grieve",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 480,
                    "first_name": "Shiuan-An",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Chen",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 9085,
                    "first_name": "Katerina",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Michaelides",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geomorphology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Hydrology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
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                    "download_url": "/repository/object/347/download/715/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 348,
            "title": "The mechanism of Mg diffusion in forsterite and the controls on its anisotropy",
            "abstract": "Mg diffusion is important for explaining many rheological properties in forsterite but its mechanism is unknown.  Without knowing a mechanism the effect of variables such as pressure are hard to constrain. In this study we used Density Functional Theory (DFT) to calculate the diffusivity of Mg vacancies and interstitials in forsterite and thus the diffusion rate of Mg in forsterite.  We predict vacancy diffusion to be highly anisotropic with considerably faster diffusion in the [001] direction while interstitial diffusion is predicted to be more isotropic.  Thus we predict that a combination of interstitial and vacancy diffusion is required to reproduce experimentally derived anisotropies.  Interstitial diffusion is predicted to be highly pressure dependant such that with increasing pressure the anisotropy of Mg diffusion decreases while temperature has little effect on this anisotropy.    Substances like Fe and water likely cause increases in Mg diffusion rate through the creation of extrinsic Mg vacancies and we predict that without modifications to the inherent mobility of Mg vacancies these cause small increases to diffusional anisotropy at 1300 and 1600 K but very large increases at 1000 K.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). 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                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "dft"
                },
                {
                    "word": "forsterite"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Water"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Mg diffusion"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-03-26T19:18:49-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-03-30T22:08:44-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-03-30T22:08:44-07:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2021.106805",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/ck3af",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 1735,
                    "first_name": "Joshua",
                    "middle_name": "Martin Richard",
                    "last_name": "Muir",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-0879-4373"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 6792,
                    "first_name": "Zhang",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Feiwu",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 4288,
                    "first_name": "Andrew",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Walker",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-3121-3255"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Mineral Physics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Arvixpreprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/348/download/716/"
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                    "download_url": "/repository/object/348/download/717/"
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                    "download_url": "/repository/object/348/download/718/"
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                    "mime_type": "application/msword",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/348/download/719/"
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                {
                    "original_filename": "AnhydrousDiffusionManuscript.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/348/download/4042/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "AnhydrousDiffusionManuscript.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/348/download/4043/"
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                    "download_url": "/repository/object/348/download/4044/"
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                    "original_filename": "ManuscriptEarthArvix.pdf",
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                    "download_url": "/repository/object/348/download/4302/"
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            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://osf.io/nz5y3",
                    "label": "Supplementary material"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 349,
            "title": "Initial Exploration Free Floating CO2 Fixation Catalysts",
            "abstract": "Climate change as an inextricable and dire threat to humanity is well established. The primary problem stems from an excess of carbon dioxide in earths atmosphere and oceans causing a gradual increase in average temperature. With this there arises an immediate need for the alteration of this carbon dioxide into differing chemical states. Herein we perform an initial exploration of adapting the current field of \"photocatalytic CO2 reduction\" towards a mass geoengineering solution. We suggest that with the right strategy one could alter carbon dioxide into stable products at ambient temperatures, with no energy input other than sunlight, accomplishable by releasing CO2 fixation photocatalysts freely into the ocean. Such should be accomplishable, and it is possible that such could be done at low cost so as to affect a drastic reduction in free carbon dioxide within the Earths oceans and atmosphere",
            "license": {
                "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1",
                "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1",
                "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n                       Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL.  It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n                            Preamble\r\n\r\n  The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it.  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                "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "climate change"
                },
                {
                    "word": "geoengineering"
                },
                {
                    "word": "carbon capture"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-03-26T16:28:30-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-01T09:05:31-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-01T09:05:31-07:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/bnuf7",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 481,
                    "first_name": "Aya",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Thompson",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Other Environmental Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Planetary Sciences"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Initial Exploration Free floating C02 Reduction Catalysts.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/349/download/720/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Initial Exploration Free floating C02 Reduction Catalysts.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/349/download/721/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Free floating C02 Reduction Catalysts.docx.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/349/download/722/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Initial Exploration Free Floating CO2 Fixation Catalysts.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/349/download/723/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://osf.io/zf89e",
                    "label": "Supplementary material"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 475,
            "title": "Distributed Acoustic Sensing of Microseismic Sources and Wave Propagation in Glaciated Terrain",
            "abstract": "Records of Alpine microseismicity are a powerful tool to study landscape-shaping processes and warn against hazardous mass movements. Unfortunately, seismic sensor coverage in Alpine regions is typically insufficient. Here we show that distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) bridges critical observational gaps of seismogenic processes in Alpine terrain. Dynamic strain measurements in a 1 km long fiber optic cable on a glacier surface produce high-quality seismograms related to glacier flow and nearby rock falls. The nearly 500 cable channels recisely locate a series of glacier stick-slip events (within 20-40 m) and reveal seismic phases from which thickness and material properties of the glacier and its bed are derived. As seismic measurements can be acquired with fiber optic cables that are easy to transport, install and couple to the ground, our study demonstrates the\r\npotential of DAS technology for seismic monitoring of glacier dynamics and natural hazards.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). 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If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Glaciology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Environmental seismology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "natural hazards"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Distributed acoustic sensing"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Stick-slip"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-01-08T02:41:12-08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-01-09T05:48:03-08:00",
            "date_published": "2020-01-09T05:48:03-08:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15824-6",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/ze6vg",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 634,
                    "first_name": "Fabian",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Walter",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 635,
                    "first_name": "Dominik",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Gräff",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 8276,
                    "first_name": "Fabian",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Lindner",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 9289,
                    "first_name": "Patrick",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Paitz",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 10055,
                    "first_name": "Manuela",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Köpfli",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 10059,
                    "first_name": "Malgorzata",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Chmiel",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 13730,
                    "first_name": "Andreas",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Fichtner",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Glaciology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "227617_4_merged_1585689228.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/475/download/1017/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Walter_etal_NComm_header.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/475/download/1018/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://osf.io/kep3b",
                    "label": "Supplementary material"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 350,
            "title": "Saturation excess overland flow accelerates the spread of a generalist soil-borne pathogen",
            "abstract": "Plant pathogens are a major agent of disturbance in ecosystems worldwide. Disturbance by disease can alter the hydrological function of affected ecosystems. However, many plant pathogens are also sensitive to soil moisture and can be propagated by the transport of infectious tissue or reproductive structures in surface flow, so that hydrological processes can drive pathogen infection.  These feed-forward and feed-back processes set up the possibility of complex ecohydrological dynamics relating plant disease and the water cycle. Here the generalist root pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi (Pc) is used as a case study to quantify the potential importance of hydrological dynamics on disease spread.  A numerical model of Pc growth and dispersal is used to investigate the importance of Pc transport in intermittent surface runoff compared to more continuous rhizosphere Pc spread via diffusion-like hyphal growth.  We apply and test this model at two well-studied sites of Pc infection with contrasting hydrology: a Banksia woodland in Western Australia where deep sandy soils inhibit surface runoff, and an Erica heathland in the Spanish Central Plateau where relatively shallow soils on steep slopes generate intermittent overland flow.  Predictions of Pc spatial spread at the Spanish site improve when Pc transport in runoff is incorporated into the model, while no such improvements arise at the Australian site.  Omitting transport in overland flow from model predictions at the Spanish site results in an average under-prediction of final pathogen patch areas by 350 m^2 for each year of growth between observations, highlighting the importance of surface hydrological transport to Pc growth and spread.  Hydrological theories that predict the occurrence of overland flow based on soil, topographic, and climate properties can be used to better incorporate this transport pathway and the influence of local hydrological processes in existing Pc risk assessment methods.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "ecohydrology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "overland runoff"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Phytophthora cinnamomi"
                },
                {
                    "word": "plant pathogens"
                },
                {
                    "word": "spatial model"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-03-26T09:55:06-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-03-27T15:32:53-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-03-27T15:32:53-07:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125821",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/j45u6",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 3400,
                    "first_name": "Jean",
                    "middle_name": "V",
                    "last_name": "Wilkening",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-9229-6464"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 6813,
                    "first_name": "Enrique",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Cardillo",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 8041,
                    "first_name": "Enrique",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Abad",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 9115,
                    "first_name": "Sally",
                    "middle_name": "E",
                    "last_name": "Thompson",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Hydrology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Natural Resources and Conservation"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Pc_preprint_Mar20.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/350/download/724/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "JOH_Pc_Submission.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/350/download/725/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "PC Accepted Manuscript Earth Arxiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/350/download/4098/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 351,
            "title": "Streamflow depletion estimation for conjunctive water management in a heavily-stressed aquifer using analytical depletion functions",
            "abstract": "Groundwater pumping can lead to reductions in streamflow (‘streamflow depletion’) and estimating streamflow depletion is critical for conjunctive groundwater-surface water management. Streamflow depletion can be quantified using either analytical models, which have low data requirements but many simplifying assumptions, or numerical models, which represent physical processes more realistically but have high data, effort, and expertise requirements. Analytical depletion functions are a recently-developed tool that address some of the limitations of analytical models, but to date have only been evaluated under relatively simple conditions. Here, we evaluate eight different analytical depletion functions across a range of groundwater abstraction, physiographic, and hydrostratigraphic conditions via comparison to the Republican River Compact Administration groundwater model, a calibrated MODFLOW numerical model used for conjunctive water management in a heavily-stressed portion of the High Plains Aquifer (USA). We find mostly strong agreement between the analytical depletion functions and the MODFLOW model, though analytical depletion functions underestimate depletion for wells close to surface water features in high transmissivity environments. Compared to previous work, there is little variability among the eight analytical depletion functions, indicating that function formulation plays a minor role in this setting. Analytical depletion function performance is strongly influenced by hydrostratigraphic parameters (storativity and transmissivity) but performance is insensitive to pumping rate, confirming a key assumption of analytical models. Overall, analytical depletion functions provide comparable estimates of streamflow depletion to numerical models at a fraction of the time and data requirements. Accurate hydrostratigraphic data are essential to estimating streamflow depletion regardless of modeling approach.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "decision support"
                },
                {
                    "word": "MODFLOW"
                },
                {
                    "word": "streamflow depletion"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Water management"
                },
                {
                    "word": "analytical models"
                },
                {
                    "word": "capture"
                },
                {
                    "word": "irrigation"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-03-25T09:13:40-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-03-26T06:44:33-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-03-26T06:44:33-07:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR027591",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/hqrmu",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 2011,
                    "first_name": "Sam",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Zipper",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-8735-5757"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 4102,
                    "first_name": "Tom",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Gleeson",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-9493-7707"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 5245,
                    "first_name": "Qiang",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Li",
                    "salutation": "Prof.",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 21312,
                    "first_name": "Ben",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Kerr",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Hydrology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Sustainability"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Water Resource Management"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "ZipperEtAl_RRCA-ADFs_EarthArXiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/351/download/726/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "ZipperEtAl_RRCA-ADFs_EarthArXiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/351/download/727/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "ZipperEtAl_RRCA-ADFs_EarthArXiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/351/download/728/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://osf.io/cpv94",
                    "label": "Supplementary material"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/samzipper/RRCA-analytical",
                    "label": "Public data"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 352,
            "title": "Ultraviolet camera measurements of passive and explosive sulphur dioxide emissions at Yasur volcano, Vanuatu",
            "abstract": "Here, we present the first ultraviolet (UV) camera measurements of sulphur dioxide (SO2) flux from Yasur volcano, Vanuatu, for the period 6th – 9th July 2018. These data yield the first direct gas measurement-derived calculations of explosion gas masses at Yasur. Yasur typically exhibits persistent passive gas release interspersed with frequent strombolian explosions. We used compact forms of the ‘PiCam’ Raspberry Pi UV Camera system (Wilkes et al., 2017, 2016) powered through solar panels to collect images. Our daily median SO2 fluxes range from 4.0 – 5.1 kg s-1, with a measurement uncertainty of -12.2% to +14.7%, including errors from: gas cell calibration drift, uncertainties in plume direction and distance, as well as plume velocity. This work highlights the use of particle image velocimetry (PIV) for plume velocity determination, which was preferred over the typically used cross-correlation and optical flow methods because of the ability to function over a variety of plume conditions. We calculate SO2 masses for strombolian explosions of 8 – 81 kg (mean of 32 kg), which is, to our knowledge, the first budget of explosive gas masses from this target. Through the use of a simple statistical measure using the moving minimum, we estimate that passive degassing is the dominant mode of gas emission at Yasur, supplying an average of ~69% of the total gas released. Our work further highlights the utility of UV camera measurements in volcanology and, in particular, the benefit of the multiple camera approach in error characterisation. This work also adds to our inventory of gas-based data to characterise the spectrum of strombolian activity across the globe.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Passive Degassing"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Strombolian Explosions"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Sulphur Dioxide"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Ultraviolet camera"
                },
                {
                    "word": "UV Camera"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Vanuatu"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Yasur Volcano"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-03-24T13:11:01-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-03-31T07:55:50-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-03-31T07:55:50-07:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/7r2ay",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 483,
                    "first_name": "Tehnuka",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Ilanko",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 4551,
                    "first_name": "Tom",
                    "middle_name": "D",
                    "last_name": "Pering",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-6028-308X"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 8076,
                    "first_name": "Thomas",
                    "middle_name": "Charles",
                    "last_name": "Wilkes",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 9144,
                    "first_name": "Julia",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Woitischek",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 9937,
                    "first_name": "Roberto",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "D'Aleo",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 21352,
                    "first_name": "Alessandro",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Aiuppa",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 10895,
                    "first_name": "Andrew",
                    "middle_name": "J.S.",
                    "last_name": "McGonigle",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 5924,
                    "first_name": "Marie",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Edmonds",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 8624,
                    "first_name": "Esline",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Garaebiti",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Volcanology"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Ultraviolet camera measurements of passive and explosive sulphur dioxide emissions at Yasur.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/352/download/729/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Ultraviolet camera measurements of passive and explosive sulphur dioxide emissions at Yasur.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/352/download/730/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Ultraviolet camera measurements of passive and explosive sulphur dioxide emissions at Yasur.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/352/download/731/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Ultraviolet camera measurements of passive and explosive sulphur dioxide emissions at Yasur.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/352/download/732/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://osf.io/k9b5a",
                    "label": "Supplementary material"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 353,
            "title": "Seismic expression, structure and evolution of flow cells within a mass-transport complex",
            "abstract": "Mass flows evolve longitudinally during emplacement, but they can also vary laterally by forming discrete, shear zone-bound intraflow cells with different rheological states. Despite being documented in several field and subsurface studies, the controls on the initiation, translation, and cessation of these flow cells remain unclear. We here use five, high-quality post-stack time-migrated (PSTM) 3D seismic reflection datasets to define the seismic expression and investigate the structure and evolution of flow cells in the Gorgon Slide, a near-seabed mass transport complex (MTC) on the Exmouth Plateau, offshore NW Australia. The slide originated from a 30 km-wide, NE-trending headwall scarp that dips steeply (c.30o) seaward and travelled northwestwards over a basal-shear surface that deepens downslope. The slide is dominated by chaotic seismic reflections, which are interpreted as debrite, containing seismically-imaged megaclasts (c.0.05-1 km-long) derived from the slide’s headwall. The morphology and orientation of the basal-shear surface focused slide transport, resulting in the clustering of megaclasts in proximal parts of the translation domain. The megaclast cluster became an obstacle to flow, which resulted in the formation of two flow cells (Cells A and B), separated by a longitudinal shear zone. The interaction between the two cells is recorded by the development of sinuous flow fabrics within, and pressure ridges on the top surface of, the slide. Along the longitudinal shear zone, the flow fabrics and ridges in Cell A were dragged downslope by the relatively faster and/or longer-lasting Cell B, which continued translating downslope in the absence of any intraflow obstacles. The transport processes of the Gorgon Slide show how entrainment and abrasion of megaclasts induced velocity perturbations during emplacement causing: (i) changes to the flow rheology, and (ii) the initiation and cessation of flow cells. A better understanding of how flow cells evolve during MTCs transport may help to refine modelling of the potential impact of MTCs on submarine infrastructure.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. 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                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "mass-transport complex"
                },
                {
                    "word": "seismic reflection"
                },
                {
                    "word": "submarine landslide"
                },
                {
                    "word": "flow cells"
                },
                {
                    "word": "intra-flow shear"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-03-24T04:49:32-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-03-25T07:10:17-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-03-25T07:10:17-07:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/zswe7",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 4105,
                    "first_name": "Harya",
                    "middle_name": "Dwi",
                    "last_name": "Nugraha",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-6099-7947"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 1573,
                    "first_name": "Christopher",
                    "middle_name": "Aiden-Lee",
                    "last_name": "Jackson",
                    "salutation": "Prof.",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-8592-9032"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 8280,
                    "first_name": "Howard",
                    "middle_name": "D.",
                    "last_name": "Johnson",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 3603,
                    "first_name": "David",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Hodgson",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geomorphology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Sedimentology"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Nugraha et al._The Gorgon Slide_final.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/353/download/733/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Nugraha et al._The Gorgon Slide_final.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/353/download/734/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Nugraha et al._The Gorgon Slide_final.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/353/download/735/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Nugraha et al._The Gorgon Slide.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/353/download/5945/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "NUGRAH~1.PDF",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/353/download/5946/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://osf.io/jfqpa",
                    "label": "Supplementary material"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 354,
            "title": "Shallow-water mudstone architecture and depositional process variability: evidence for heterogeneity at kilometre-scale",
            "abstract": "Mudstone studies that use a large spacing (&gt;5km) between datapoints provide little insight into the architecture and depositional process variability at kilometre scale. This often leads to the assumption that mudstones are laterally homogenous at kilometre and sub-kilometre scales. To better understand the lateral variability of mudstones at kilometre scale, the Mancos Shale in the eastern part of Utah, USA (Book Cliffs) was examined. The Mancos Shale was deposited on a storm-dominated, low-angle shallow-marine ramp along the western shoreline of the Western Interior Seaway. Here, a combined petrographic, sedimentological and sequence stratigraphic approach was used to analyse two 43-47 m thick time-equivalent sections at a 1.6km across-strike spacing. Oriented samples were collected at 2m intervals through each measured section.  Five 5m – 12m thick coarsening-upward parasequences were identified. The lower four parasequences are interpreted to be the distal deposits of the updip Aberdeen Member and the fifth parasequence is interpreted to be the basal distal parasequence of the overlying Kenilworth Member. Depositional processes including turbidity currents, linked debris flow/turbidity currents, wave-enhanced sediment-gravity flows, hyperpycnal flows and suspension settling have been identified from the samples collected. The products of these flows (beds) stack to form bedsets which display an upward increase in the lateral continuity of beds and a coarsening-upward trend. This is interpreted to reflect a change from occasional current-deposited beds with depositional breaks to more frequent varying energy conditions with fewer hiatuses. These bedsets show considerable spatial and temporal variability which is interpreted to be a result of subtle seafloor topography. Based on the bedset and parasequence stacking patterns and the temporal variability of depositional processes, the lower four parasequences are split into two parasequence sets. The lower parasequence set is interpreted to be storm-wave-dominated with fluvial influence and the upper parasequence set lacks the fluvial influence.",
            "license": {
                "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1",
                "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1",
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                "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Aberdeen Member"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Book Cliffs"
                },
                {
                    "word": "depositional processes"
                },
                {
                    "word": "mudstone"
                },
                {
                    "word": "seafloor topography"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Shallow-water"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-03-24T04:15:16-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-03-30T16:05:23-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-03-30T16:05:23-07:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/p36vc",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 485,
                    "first_name": "Rhys",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Hamlyn",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 5611,
                    "first_name": "Kévin",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Boulesteix",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-3349-2609"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 6084,
                    "first_name": "Kevin",
                    "middle_name": "G.",
                    "last_name": "Taylor",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 7994,
                    "first_name": "Stephen",
                    "middle_name": "S.",
                    "last_name": "Flint",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 6899,
                    "first_name": "Rhodri",
                    "middle_name": "M.",
                    "last_name": "Jerrett",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Sedimentology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Stratigraphy"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "RhysHamlyn_EvidenceForMudstoneHeterogeneity_OnlinePreprint.docx",
                    "mime_type": "application/msword",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/354/download/736/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://osf.io/pf38y",
                    "label": "Supplementary material"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 355,
            "title": "International disparities in open access practices of the Earth Sciences community",
            "abstract": "Short communication on international disparities in open access practices of the Earth Sciences community",
            "license": {
                "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1",
                "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1",
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                "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Open Access"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Scholarly communication"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-03-24T01:52:40-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-03-30T22:38:59-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-03-30T22:38:59-07:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/cpxmy",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 3564,
                    "first_name": "Olivier",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Pourret",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-6181-6079"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 6144,
                    "first_name": "David",
                    "middle_name": "William",
                    "last_name": "Hedding",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-9748-4499"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 1678,
                    "first_name": "Dasapta",
                    "middle_name": "Erwin",
                    "last_name": "Irawan",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 5525,
                    "first_name": "Haiyan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Liu",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 490,
                    "first_name": "Jonathan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Tennant",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Biogeochemistry"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Cosmochemistry"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geochemistry"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geomorphology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geophysics and Seismology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Glaciology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Hydrology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Library and Information Science"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Mineral Physics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Other Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Paleobiology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Paleontology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Sedimentology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Social and Behavioral Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Soil Science"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Speleology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Stratigraphy"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Tectonics and Structure"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Volcanology"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "International disparities in open access practices.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/355/download/737/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "International disparities in open access practices.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/355/download/738/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "International disparities in open access practices.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/355/download/739/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 356,
            "title": "Unexpected meteotsunamis prior to the Typhoon Wipha",
            "abstract": "On October 15, 2013, unexpected meteotsunamis occurred prior to Typhoon Wipha located the distance of ~1,100 km from the center of the cyclone to the Tokyo bay. The occurrences were observed around the east coast of Japan coincidentally with atmospheric pressure disturbances induced by this typhoon. The observed wave height of meteotsunamis was up to ~0.5 m with the pressure fluctuation of ~2 hPa before this approaching typhoon. This study reveals the causes of the unexpected metetotsunamis in association with atmospheric forcings of the typhoon. The possible origin is identified from typhoon activities at the outer circulation that produced traveling pressure disturbances as a driving force to generate meteotsunamis. The causality of meteotsunami is revealed by time-frequency analysis of water level, atmospheric pressure, and wind speed. Results show that a combination of atmospheric forcings, pressure and wind stress, is responsible for the onset of meteotsunamis. The pressure fluctuation is found to be an indicator to determine the origin of atmospheric forcings and the formation of corresponding meteotsunamis when the meteorological condition is relative calm before a typhoon.",
            "license": {
                "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1",
                "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1",
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                "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Meteotsunami"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Tokyo Bay"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Typhoon induced pressure disturbances"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Typhoon Wipha"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-03-23T19:29:29-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-03-23T19:48:07-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-03-23T19:48:07-07:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/gaqbh",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 491,
                    "first_name": "Li-Ching",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Lin",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 6951,
                    "first_name": "Chin",
                    "middle_name": "H.",
                    "last_name": "Wu",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Oceanography"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Unexpected_MT_0320_eartharxiv.docx",
                    "mime_type": "application/msword",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/356/download/740/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 357,
            "title": "Against Steady State",
            "abstract": "Nature is never at a steady state. Natural history is generated by ever-new and ever-interacting forces that produce continuous changes. At virtually all timescales, the geological record shows that these changes do not cancel each other out and, thus, that the steady state is utopic. However, we need a state of equilibrium as a starting point for modelling Nature, and the steady-state condition is widely used as a reference in idealisations aimed at understanding natural processes. The present contribution is meant as an epistemological note of caution − from Earth scientists to Earth sci- entists − aimed at discouraging the use of theoretical models as true evidence instead of terms of comparison.",
            "license": {
                "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1",
                "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1",
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                "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Data Interpretation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Geology History and Economics"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Physical Models"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Understanding Nature"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Uniformitarianism and Catastrophism"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-03-22T06:59:51-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-03-23T09:22:13-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-03-23T09:22:13-07:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.2478/logos-2022-0012",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/p9xq7",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 5661,
                    "first_name": "Eduardo",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Garzanti",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 14096,
                    "first_name": "Pietro",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Sternai",
                    "salutation": "Prof.",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-1891-6474"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Other Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "GarzantiSternai2020 Against Steady State 2.0.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/357/download/741/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Garzanti & Sternai 2020 Against Steady State.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/357/download/742/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Garzanti & Sternai 2020 Against Steady State.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/357/download/743/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Garzanti & Sternai 2020 Against Steady State.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/357/download/744/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Geologos-28-2-5-Garzanti-Sternai.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/357/download/9166/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 358,
            "title": "INTERACTIONS OF DEEP-WATER GRAVITY FLOWS AND ACTIVE SALT TECTONICS",
            "abstract": "Sediment gravity flow behaviour is influenced by seafloor topography associated with salt structures, which controls the depositional architecture of deep-water sedimentary systems. Typically, salt-influenced deep-water successions are poorly-imaged in seismic reflection data and exhumed systems are rare, hence the detailed sedimentology and stratigraphic architecture of these systems remains poorly understood. \n\nThe exhumed Triassic (Keuper) Bakio and Guernica salt bodies in the Basque-Cantabrian Basin, Spain were active during deep-water sedimentation. The salt diapirs grew reactively, then passively, during the Aptian-Albian, and are flanked by deep-water carbonate (Aptian-earliest Albian Urgonian Group) and siliciclastic (middle Albian-Cenomanian Black Flysch Group) successions. The study compares the deposition in two salt-influenced confined (Sollube basin) and partially-confined (Jata basin) minibasins by actively growing salt diapirs, comparable to salt-influenced minibasins in the subsurface. The presence of a well-exposed halokinetic sequence, beds that pinch out towards topography, soft sediment deformation, variable paleocurrents and intercalated mass transport deposits (MTDs) indicate that salt grew during deposition. Overall, the Black Flysch Group coarsens- and thickens-upwards in response to regional axial progradation, which is modulated by laterally-derived MTDs from halokinetic slopes. The variation in type and number of MTDs within the Sollube and Jata basins indicate the basins had different tectono-stratigraphic histories despite their proximity. In the Sollube basin, the routeing systems were confined between the two salt structures eventually depositing amalgamated sandstones in the basin’s axis. Different facies and architectures are observed in the Jata basin due to partial confinement. \n\nThe findings show exposed minibasins are individualised and that facies vary both spatially and temporally in agreement with subsurface salt-influenced basins. Salt-related, active topography and the degree of confinement are shown to be important modifiers of depositional systems, resulting in facies variability, remobilisation of deposits and ‘channelisation’ of flows. The findings are directly applicable to the exploration and development of subsurface energy reservoirs in salt basins globally, enabling better prediction of depositional architecture in areas where seismic imaging is challenging.",
            "license": {
                "name": "Academic Free License (AFL) 3.0",
                "short_name": "AFL 3.0",
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However, You may modify the text of this License and copy, distribute or communicate your modified version (the \"Modified License\") and apply it to other original works of authorship subject to the following conditions: (i) You may not indicate in any way that your Modified License is the \"Academic Free License\" or \"AFL\" and you may not use those names in the name of your Modified License; (ii) You must replace the notice specified in the first paragraph above with the notice \"Licensed under <insert your license name here>\" or with a notice of your own that is not confusingly similar to the notice in this License; and (iii) You may not claim that your original works are open source software unless your Modified License has been approved by Open Source Initiative (OSI) and You comply with its license review and certification process.",
                "url": "http://opensource.org/licenses/AFL-3.0"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Topography"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Basque-Cantabrian Basin"
                },
                {
                    "word": "confined basin"
                },
                {
                    "word": "deep-water sedimentology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "halokinesis"
                },
                {
                    "word": "salt diapir"
                },
                {
                    "word": "submarine lobe"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-03-22T05:08:39-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-03-22T16:45:21-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-03-22T16:45:21-07:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/j42ha",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 1848,
                    "first_name": "Zoe",
                    "middle_name": "Adele",
                    "last_name": "Cumberpatch",
                    "salutation": "Miss",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 5990,
                    "first_name": "Ian",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Kane",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 1611,
                    "first_name": "Euan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Soutter",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-8310-6414"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 3603,
                    "first_name": "David",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Hodgson",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 1573,
                    "first_name": "Christopher",
                    "middle_name": "Aiden-Lee",
                    "last_name": "Jackson",
                    "salutation": "Prof.",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-8592-9032"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 10215,
                    "first_name": "Ben",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Kilhams",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 496,
                    "first_name": "Yohann",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Poprawski",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Cumberpatch-Salt-influenced deep-water successions.preprint..pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/358/download/745/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 365,
            "title": "Rupture Kinematics of January 24, 2020 Mw 6.7 Doğanyol-Sivrice, Turkey Earthquake on the East Anatolian Fault Zone Imaged by Space Geodesy",
            "abstract": "Here we present the results of a kinematic slip model of the 2020 Mw 6.7 Doğanyol-Sivrice, Turkey Earthquake, the most important event in the last 50 years on the East Anatolian Fault zone. Our slip model is constrained by two Sentinel-1 interferograms and by 5 three-component high-rate GNSS recordings close to the earthquake source. We find that most of the slip occurs predominantly in three regions, two of them at between 2 and 10 km depth and a deeper slip region extending down to 20 km depth. We also relocate the first two weeks of aftershocks and find a distribution of events that agrees with these slip features. The HR-GNSS recordings suggest a strongly unilateral rupture with the effects of a directivity pulse clearly seen in the waveforms and in the measure peak ground velocities. The slip model supports rupture propagation from northeast to southwest at a relatively slow speed of 2.2 km/s and a total source duration of ~20s. In the absence of near-source seismic stations, space geodetic data provide the best constraint on the spatial distribution of slip and on its time evolution.",
            "license": {
                "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1",
                "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1",
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For example, if a patent\r\nlicense would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Library by\r\nall those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then\r\nthe only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to\r\nrefrain entirely from distribution of the Library.\r\n\r\nIf any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any\r\nparticular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply,\r\nand the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.\r\n\r\nIt is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any\r\npatents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any\r\nsuch claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the\r\nintegrity of the free software distribution system which is\r\nimplemented by public license practices.  Many people have made\r\ngenerous contributions to the wide range of software distributed\r\nthrough that system in reliance on consistent application of that\r\nsystem; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing\r\nto distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot\r\nimpose that choice.\r\n\r\nThis section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to\r\nbe a consequence of the rest of this License.\r\n\r\n  12. If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in\r\ncertain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the\r\noriginal copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add\r\nan explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries,\r\nso that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus\r\nexcluded.  In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if\r\nwritten in the body of this License.\r\n\r\n  13. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new\r\nversions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time.\r\nSuch new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version,\r\nbut may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.\r\n\r\nEach version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the Library\r\nspecifies a version number of this License which applies to it and\r\n\"any later version\", you have the option of following the terms and\r\nconditions either of that version or of any later version published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation.  If the Library does not specify a\r\nlicense version number, you may choose any version ever published by\r\nthe Free Software Foundation.\r\n\f\r\n  14. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free\r\nprograms whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these,\r\nwrite to the author to ask for permission.  For software which is\r\ncopyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free\r\nSoftware Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this.  Our\r\ndecision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status\r\nof all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing\r\nand reuse of software generally.\r\n\r\n                            NO WARRANTY\r\n\r\n  15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO\r\nWARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.\r\nEXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR\r\nOTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY \"AS IS\" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY\r\nKIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE\r\nIMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR\r\nPURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE\r\nLIBRARY IS WITH YOU.  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IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN\r\nWRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY\r\nAND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU\r\nFOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR\r\nCONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE\r\nLIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING\r\nRENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A\r\nFAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF\r\nSUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH\r\nDAMAGES.\r\n\r\n                     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS\r\n\r\n           How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries\r\n\r\n  If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest\r\npossible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that\r\neveryone can redistribute and change.  You can do so by permitting\r\nredistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the\r\nordinary General Public License).\r\n\r\n  To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library.  It is\r\nsafest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively\r\nconvey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the\r\n\"copyright\" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.\r\n\r\n    <one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.>\r\n    Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>\r\n\r\n    This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\r\n    modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n    License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either\r\n    version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.\r\n\r\n    This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\r\n    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\r\n    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU\r\n    Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n    License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n    Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary.  Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n  Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n  library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n  <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n  Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!",
                "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Geophysics"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-03-16T12:01:47-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-03-19T12:20:45-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-03-19T12:20:45-07:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/xzg9c",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 3880,
                    "first_name": "Diego",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Melgar",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-6259-1852"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 5858,
                    "first_name": "Athanassios",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Ganas",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 7202,
                    "first_name": "Tuncay",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Taymaz",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 507,
                    "first_name": "Sotiris",
                    "middle_name": "N.",
                    "last_name": "Valkaniotis",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 16497,
                    "first_name": "Brendan",
                    "middle_name": "W",
                    "last_name": "Crowell",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 508,
                    "first_name": "Vasilis",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Kapetanidis",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 10631,
                    "first_name": "Varvara",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Tsiron",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 10979,
                    "first_name": "Seda",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Yolsal-Çevikbilen",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 11241,
                    "first_name": "Taylan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Öcalan",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geophysics and Seismology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "EAFZ-Turkey-earthArxiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/365/download/754/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 359,
            "title": "Rapid Tidal Marsh Development in Anthropogenic Backwaters",
            "abstract": "Tidal marsh restoration and creation has been proposed as a tool to build coastal resilience in the face of rising sea level and increasing intensity of coastal storms. However, it is unclear what conditions within constructed settings will lead to the successful establishment of tidal marsh. We used sediment cores and historical geospatial data in the tidal freshwater Hudson River to identify the rapid creation and development of marshes that are sheltered by human-made structures including railroad berms, jetties, and dredge spoil islands. These backwater areas rapidly accumulated clastic material following anthropogenic modification that allowed for transition from tidal mudflat to emergent marsh. In one case, historical aerial photos document this transition occurring in less than 18 years, offering a timeframe for marsh development. Accretion rates for anthropogenic tidal marshes and mudflats average 0.8-1.1 cm yr-1 and 0.6-0.7 cm yr-1 respectively, equivalent to 2-3 times the rate of relative sea level rise as well as the observed accretion rate at a 6000+ year old reference marsh in the study area. Paired historical and geospatial analysis revealed that more than half of all the tidal wetlands on the Hudson are anthropogenic and developed since the industrial era, including two thirds of the emergent cattail marsh. These inadvertently constructed tidal wetlands currently trap roughly 6% of the Hudson River’s sediment load. Results indicate that when sediment is readily available freshwater tidal wetlands can develop relatively rapidly in sheltered estuarine settings, and serve as useful examples to help guide future tidal marsh creation and restoration efforts.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Sea level rise"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Estuaries"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Hudson River"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Marsh restoration"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Tidal marsh"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-03-20T17:38:43-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-03-21T15:19:49-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-03-21T15:19:49-07:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.5045",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/ga5pm",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 1680,
                    "first_name": "Brian",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Yellen",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 7002,
                    "first_name": "Jonathon",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Woodruff",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 498,
                    "first_name": "David",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Ralston",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 9269,
                    "first_name": "Caroline",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Ladlow",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 10042,
                    "first_name": "Sarah",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Fernald",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 10569,
                    "first_name": "Waverly",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Lau",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Monitoring"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Fresh Water Studies"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geomorphology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Oceanography"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Sustainability"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Water Resource Management"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "HudMarsh_Yellen_etal_PREPRINT.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/359/download/746/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "HudMarsh_Yellen_etal_ESPL_revision1_PREPRINT_VERSION.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/359/download/3709/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "HudMarsh_Yellen_etal_ESPL_revision1_PREPRINT_VERSION.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/359/download/3743/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://osf.io/hxgc6",
                    "label": "Supplementary material"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 360,
            "title": "External control and automatic calibration of the HEC-RAS NSM-I water quality model",
            "abstract": "Calibration of models is a common procedure required to properly reproduce a system under analysis. In the present study, we developed a tool integrating the HEC-RAS NSM-I water quality model with the optimization algorithm SCE-UA in order to allow the automatic calibration. The tool’s performance was assessed in two experiments involving a theoretical situation, when it was used to approximate a previously known set of parameters, and a real world application, when the tool was employed to calibrate a water quality model of the Gravataí River, Brazil. The results showed a good capacity to approximate the true parameters values in the theoretical experiment and a good consistency and agreement with reference values in the second experiment. Although future testing and improvements are possible, the proposed approach can be an useful alternative in water quality modeling using HEC-RAS.",
            "license": {
                "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1",
                "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1",
                "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n                       Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL.  It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n                            Preamble\r\n\r\n  The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it.  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                "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "HEC-RAS"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Model Calibration"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Multiobjective-optimization"
                },
                {
                    "word": "river water quality modeling"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-03-20T07:00:12-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-03-21T16:15:45-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-03-21T16:15:45-07:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/5g83w",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 5679,
                    "first_name": "Diego",
                    "middle_name": "Reginatto",
                    "last_name": "de Lima",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 499,
                    "first_name": "Fernando",
                    "middle_name": "Mainardi",
                    "last_name": "Fan",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 8275,
                    "first_name": "Vinicius",
                    "middle_name": "Alencar",
                    "last_name": "Siqueira",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Hydraulic Engineering"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Diego_paper_PrePrint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/360/download/747/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Diego_paper_PrePrint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/360/download/748/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://osf.io/4xzyt",
                    "label": "Supplementary material"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 361,
            "title": "Editorial: Geoscience in a time of pandemics",
            "abstract": "We, the Executive Editors at Geoscience Communication, sincerely hope that this message finds you and your loved ones in good health. We are in the midst of yet another global health crisis, the Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). This affects all of us, and we truly hope that you are remaining safe and taking all necessary precautions. We all are facing difficult times ahead, and we hope that we can all together find the strength and courage within to do our best.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
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                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Science Communication"
                },
                {
                    "word": "COVID-19"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Global Health"
                },
                {
                    "word": "coronavirus"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Crisis Communication"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Epidemic"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Pandemic"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Virus"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-03-19T07:13:40-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-03-20T16:31:58-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-03-20T16:31:58-07:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-3-71-2020",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/xnq3z",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 490,
                    "first_name": "Jonathan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Tennant",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 500,
                    "first_name": "Sam",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Illingworth",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 3678,
                    "first_name": "Iain",
                    "middle_name": "Simpson",
                    "last_name": "Stewart",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 8302,
                    "first_name": "Kirsten",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "von Elverfeldt",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geography"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Medical Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Medicine and Health Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Social and Behavioral Sciences"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Geoscience Communication Editorial_ COVID-19.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/361/download/749/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Geoscience Communication Editorial_ COVID-19.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/361/download/750/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 362,
            "title": "Sandy beaches can survive sea-level rise",
            "abstract": "It has been asserted by Vousdoukas et al., that climate change, in particular global sea-level rise (SLR), poses a threat to the existence of sandy beaches. The authors used global data bases of sandy beaches, bathymetry, wave conditions and SLR to drive a simple model based on the ‘Bruun Rule’ to quantitatively evaluate shoreline retreat. To this modelled retreat, they add a background ambient trend in shoreline dynamics and the modelled response of an extreme storm, that together contribute c. 20% of the shoreline retreat. When retreat was more than 100 m by 2100, they declared those beaches extinct. This is an incorrect and potentially damaging finding that must be repudiated along with the associated implications.",
            "license": {
                "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1",
                "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1",
                "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n                       Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL.  It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n                            Preamble\r\n\r\n  The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it.  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See the GNU\r\n    Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n    License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n    Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary.  Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n  Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n  library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n  <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n  Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!",
                "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Sea-level rise"
                },
                {
                    "word": "beaches"
                },
                {
                    "word": "coastlines"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-03-17T12:46:47-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-03-18T13:57:48-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-03-18T13:57:48-07:00",
            "doi": "http://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-00934-2",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/4md6e",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 502,
                    "first_name": "Andrew",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Cooper",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 5683,
                    "first_name": "Gerd",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Masselink",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 503,
                    "first_name": "Giovanni",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Coco",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 8318,
                    "first_name": "Andrew",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Short",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 504,
                    "first_name": "Bruno",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Castelle",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 10078,
                    "first_name": "Kerrylee",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Rogers",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 10595,
                    "first_name": "Edward",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Anthony",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 10954,
                    "first_name": "Andrew",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Green",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 11218,
                    "first_name": "Joseph",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Kelley",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 11403,
                    "first_name": "Orrin",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Pilkey",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geomorphology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Final NCC discussion.docx",
                    "mime_type": "application/msword",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/362/download/751/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 363,
            "title": "Dynamic recrystallisation can produce porosity in shear zones",
            "abstract": "Creep cavities are increasingly recognised as an important syn-kinematic feature of shear zones but much about this porosity needs investigation. Largely, observations of creep cavities are restricted to very fine grained mature ultramylonites and it is unclear when they developed during deformation. Specifically, a question that needs testing is; should grain-size reduction during deformation produce creep cavities? To this end, we have reanalysed the microstructure of a large shear strain laboratory experiment that captures grain-size change by dynamic recrystallisation during mylonitisation. We find that the experiment does contain creep cavities. Using a combination of scanning electron microscopy and spatial point statistics, we show that creep cavities emerge with, and because of, sub-grain rotation recrystallisation during ultramylonite formation. As dynamic recrystallisation is ubiquitous in natural shear zones, this observation has important implications for the interpretation of concepts such as the Goetze criterion, palaeopiezometery and phase mixing.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. 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Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. 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However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "date_submitted": "2020-03-17T03:22:03-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-03-18T11:12:26-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-03-18T11:12:26-07:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/v3p6m",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 3998,
                    "first_name": "James",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Gilgannon",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 5638,
                    "first_name": "Thomas",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Poulet",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 7123,
                    "first_name": "Alfons",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Berger",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 8356,
                    "first_name": "Auke",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Barnhoorn",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 9349,
                    "first_name": "Marco",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Herwegh",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Tectonics and Structure"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Gilgannon et al. (2020) - Dynamic recrystallisation can produce porosity in shear zones.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/363/download/752/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 364,
            "title": "Seasonal Rainfall Forecasts for the Yangtze River Basin in Summer 2019 from an Improved Climate Service",
            "abstract": "Rainfall forecasts for the summer monsoon season in the Yangtze River Basin allow decision-makers to plan for possible flooding, which can affect the lives and livelihoods of millions of people. \r\nA trial climate service was developed in 2016, producing a prototype seasonal forecast product for use by stakeholders in the region, based on forecasting rainfall directly using a dynamical model. Here we describe an improved service, based on a simple statistical downscaling approach: using a dynamical forecast of an East Asian Summer Monsoon index, seasonal-mean rainfall for the Upper and Middle/Lower Reaches of the basin can be forecast separately, with significant skill for lead times of up to at least 3 months. The skill in the different sub-basin regions depends on the target season: Rainfall skill in the Middle/Lower Reaches is significant in May–June–July (MJJ), and there is significant skill for the Upper Reaches in June–July–August (JJA). The mean rainfall for the basin as a whole can be skillfully forecast in both seasons. The forecasts issued in 2019 gave good guidance for the enhanced rainfall in the MJJ period, and the near-average conditions in JJA. Initial feedback from users in the Yangtze River Basin suggests that the improved forecast better meets their needs and will enable more robust decision-making.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "East Asian Summer Monsoon"
                },
                {
                    "word": "flood forecasting"
                },
                {
                    "word": "seasonal forecasting"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Yangtze basin rainfall"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-03-17T03:00:59-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-03-18T13:48:53-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-03-18T13:48:53-07:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13351-020-0049-z",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/e8jgy",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 1682,
                    "first_name": "Philip",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Bett",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 5789,
                    "first_name": "Nicola",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Martin",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 7154,
                    "first_name": "Adam",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Scaife",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 7429,
                    "first_name": "Nick",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Dunstone",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 6151,
                    "first_name": "Gill",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Martin",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 20863,
                    "first_name": "Nicola",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Golding",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 10615,
                    "first_name": "Joanne",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Camp",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 10964,
                    "first_name": "Peiqun",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Zhang",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 11227,
                    "first_name": "Chris",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Hewitt",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 11410,
                    "first_name": "Leon",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Hermanson",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Atmospheric Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Climate"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Meteorology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Bett_etal_Yangtze2019_submitted_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/364/download/753/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 366,
            "title": "On the potential of preprints in geochemistry: the good, the bad and the ugly",
            "abstract": "Short communication on the use of preprint in geochemistry",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "geochemistry"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Open Access"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Scholarly communication"
                },
                {
                    "word": "e-print"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Pre-print"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Preprints"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-03-15T07:13:50-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-03-21T01:36:08-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-03-21T01:36:08-07:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083360",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/t5jxm",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 3564,
                    "first_name": "Olivier",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Pourret",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-6181-6079"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 1678,
                    "first_name": "Dasapta",
                    "middle_name": "Erwin",
                    "last_name": "Irawan",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 490,
                    "first_name": "Jonathan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Tennant",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Biogeochemistry"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Cosmochemistry"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geochemistry"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Library and Information Science"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Social and Behavioral Sciences"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Preprint in geochemistry.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/366/download/755/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Preprint in geochemistry.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/366/download/756/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Preprint in geochemistry.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/366/download/757/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Preprint in geochemistry.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/366/download/758/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 367,
            "title": "Toward stable, general machine-learned models of the atmospheric chemical system",
            "abstract": "Atmospheric chemistry models—used as components in models that simulate air pollution and climate change—are computationally expensive. Previous studies have shown that machine-learned atmospheric chemical solvers can be orders of magnitude faster than traditional integration methods but tend to suffer from numerical instability. Here, we present a modeling framework that reduces error accumulation compared to previous work while maintaining computational efficiency. Our approach is novel in that it: 1) uses a recurrent training regime that results in extended (&gt;1 week) simulations without runaway error accumulation, and 2) can reversibly compress the number of modeled chemical species by &gt;80% without further decreasing accuracy. We observe a ~260× reduction in computation time (~1900× when run on specialized hardware) compared to the traditional solver. We use random initial conditions in training to promote general applicability across a wide range of atmospheric conditions. For ozone (with an initial concentration range of 0–70 ppb), our model predictions over a 24-hour simulation period match those of the traditional solvers with median error of 2.7 ppb and less than 19 ppb error across 99% of simulations initialized with random noise. Error can be significantly higher in the remaining 1% of simulations, which include among the most extreme concentration fluctuations simulated by the reference model. Results are similar for total particulate matter (median error of 16 ug/m3 and &lt;32 ug/m3 across 99% of simulations with concentrations ranging from 0-150 ug/m3). Finally, we discuss practical implications of our choice of modeling framework and next steps for improving performance. The machine learning models described here are not yet suitable replacements for traditional chemistry solvers but represent a step toward that goal.",
            "license": {
                "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1",
                "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1",
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                "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "machine learning"
                },
                {
                    "word": "atmospheric chemical mechanism"
                },
                {
                    "word": "model emulation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "surrogate model"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-03-14T13:26:23-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-03-23T08:31:03-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-03-23T08:31:03-07:00",
            "doi": "http://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD032759",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/8vy6j",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 2347,
                    "first_name": "Makoto",
                    "middle_name": "Michael",
                    "last_name": "Kelp",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 12337,
                    "first_name": "Daniel",
                    "middle_name": "J.",
                    "last_name": "Jacob",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 7260,
                    "first_name": "J.",
                    "middle_name": "Nathan",
                    "last_name": "Kutz",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 8465,
                    "first_name": "Julian",
                    "middle_name": "D.",
                    "last_name": "Marshall",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 510,
                    "first_name": "Christopher",
                    "middle_name": "W.",
                    "last_name": "Tessum",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Artificial Intelligence and Robotics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Chemistry"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Computer Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Chemistry"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "mkelp_NN_preprint_2020.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/367/download/759/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "mkelp_NN_preprint_2020.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/367/download/760/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "mkelp_NN_preprint_2020.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/367/download/761/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "2020JD032759.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/367/download/3935/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "2020JD032759.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/367/download/3936/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "mkelp_NN_manuscript_JGR_accepted.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/367/download/3950/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://osf.io/t8g3f",
                    "label": "Supplementary material"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 368,
            "title": "A spatial reconstruction of Siberian Last Glacial Maximum climate from pollen data",
            "abstract": "The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, around 21.000 years before present) was a period with significantly colder global mean temperature, large Northern Hemisphere ice sheets, and lower CO2 concentrations. Siberia was affected by a lower sea level which led to a closed Bering strait and a northward shift of the Arctic Ocean coastline. However, unlike other high-latitude areas, Siberia was not covered by a terrestrial ice sheet at that time. Climate simulations with LGM boundary conditions show large inter-model differences especially in Northern Siberia, which impede a direct analysis of Siberian LGM climate from simulations. Preserved pollen samples provide information on the LGM vegetation and climate state.\nWe reconstruct mean temperature of the warmest month and mean annual precipitation from a network of pollen samples using weighted averaging partial least squares transfer functions. Combining these local reconstructions with a multi-model ensemble of PMIP3 climate simulations in a Bayesian framework, we obtain the first probabilistic spatial reconstruction of Siberian LGM climate. Our reconstruction shows less cold summer temperature anomalies along the coastlines than in Western Siberia, and a weaker precipitation reduction in Eastern Siberia compared to Western Siberia. Finally, we quantify the mismatch between each ensemble member and the proxy data. By examining common features among similarly performing simulations, we find that most simulations with a comparatively warm and wet Siberian climate score better.\nOur data constrained state estimate is well-suited for future analyses of Siberian LGM climate. Potential applications include the investigation of reasons for the absence of a Siberian ice sheet during the LGM, the quantification of land-atmosphere carbon fluxes, and the estimation of past afforestation rates.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "paleoclimatology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Precipitation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Bayesian statistics"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Climate field reconstructions"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Model- data comparison"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Summer temperature"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-03-13T05:46:30-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-03-18T11:00:49-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-03-18T11:00:49-07:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/76dfe",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 511,
                    "first_name": "Nils",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Weitzel",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 14043,
                    "first_name": "Andreas",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Hense",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 14044,
                    "first_name": "Ulrike",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Herzschuh",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 14045,
                    "first_name": "Thomas",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Böhmer",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 14046,
                    "first_name": "Xianyong",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Cao",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 10166,
                    "first_name": "Kira",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Rehfeld",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Climate"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "CLDY_siberia_lgm_scrartcl.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/368/download/762/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "cldy_siberia_lgm_scrartcl.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/368/download/6453/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 369,
            "title": "Coupling Mars ground and orbital views: generate viewsheds of Mastcam images from the Curiosity rover,  using ArcGIS® and public datasets.",
            "abstract": "The Mastcam (Mast Camera) instrument onboard the NASA Curiosity rover provides an exclusive view of Mars: the color high-resolution Mastcam images allow users to study Gale crater’s geological terrains and landscapes along the rover path. This view from the ground complements the spatially broader view provided by spacecrafts from orbit. However, for a given Mastcam image, it can be challenging to locate on the orbital view the corresponding terrains. No method for collocating Mastcam onto orbital images had been made publicly available. The procedure presented here allows users to generate Mastcam viewsheds, using the ArcGIS® software and its built-in Viewshed tool as wells as Mars datasets exclusively public. This procedure locates onto Mars orbital view the terrains that are observed in a given Mastcam image. Because this procedure uses public datasets, it is applicable to the Mastcam images already available online and to the upcoming ones, as collected along Curiosity rover’s path. In addition, this procedure constitutes material for a pedagogic GIS project in Geosciences or Planetary Sciences, to handle Mars datasets both orbital and from the Curiosity rover.",
            "license": {
                "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1",
                "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1",
                "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n                       Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL.  It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n                            Preamble\r\n\r\n  The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it.  By contrast, the GNU General Public\r\nLicenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change\r\nfree software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.\r\n\r\n  This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some\r\nspecially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the\r\nFree Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it.  You\r\ncan use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether\r\nthis license or the ordinary General Public License is the better\r\nstrategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.\r\n\r\n  When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,\r\nnot price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that\r\nyou have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge\r\nfor this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get\r\nit if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of\r\nit in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do\r\nthese things.\r\n\r\n  To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid\r\ndistributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these\r\nrights.  These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for\r\nyou if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.\r\n\r\n  For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis\r\nor for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave\r\nyou.  You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source\r\ncode.  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We wish to make sure that a company cannot\r\neffectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a\r\nrestrictive license from a patent holder.  Therefore, we insist that\r\nany patent license obtained for a version of the library must be\r\nconsistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license.\r\n\r\n  Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the\r\nordinary GNU General Public License.  This license, the GNU Lesser\r\nGeneral Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and\r\nis quite different from the ordinary General Public License.  We use\r\nthis license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those\r\nlibraries into non-free programs.\r\n\r\n  When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using\r\na shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a\r\ncombined work, a derivative of the original library.  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This License Agreement applies to any software library or other\r\nprogram which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or\r\nother authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of\r\nthis Lesser General Public License (also called \"this License\").\r\nEach licensee is addressed as \"you\".\r\n\r\n  A \"library\" means a collection of software functions and/or data\r\nprepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs\r\n(which use some of those functions and data) to form executables.\r\n\r\n  The \"Library\", below, refers to any such software library or work\r\nwhich has been distributed under these terms.  A \"work based on the\r\nLibrary\" means either the Library or any derivative work under\r\ncopyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a\r\nportion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated\r\nstraightforwardly into another language.  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                "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "GIS"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Mars"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Curiosity"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Mastcam"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Planetary Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Rover"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-03-12T08:10:01-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-29T17:47:47-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-29T17:47:47-07:00",
            "doi": "http://doi.org/10.1029/2020EA001247",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/psv2c",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 512,
                    "first_name": "Marion",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Nachon",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 5997,
                    "first_name": "Schuyler",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Borges",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 7310,
                    "first_name": "Ryan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Ewing",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 8508,
                    "first_name": "Frances",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Rivera-Hernández",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 9468,
                    "first_name": "Nathan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Stein",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 10174,
                    "first_name": "Jason",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Van Beek",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Other Planetary Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Planetary Geology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Planetary Sciences"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Nachon-et-al_Mastcam-viewsheds_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/369/download/763/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Nachon-et-al_Mastcam-viewsheds_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/369/download/764/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Nachon-et-al_Mastcam-viewsheds.docx",
                    "mime_type": "application/msword",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/369/download/765/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://osf.io/bd7c8",
                    "label": "Supplementary material"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 370,
            "title": "Structural controls on the location, geometry, and longevity of an intraplate volcanic system - The Tuatara Volcanic Field, Great South Basin, New Zealand",
            "abstract": "Intraplate volcanism is widely distributed across continental interiors. Yet controls on the location, 3D geometry, and longevity of many individual intraplate volcanic systems are often poorly understood. Geophysical and geodetic data provide insights into active intraplate magma plumbing systems, particularly when coupled with petrological and chemical analyses of volcanic products, but these techniques are relatively low resolution and reveal little about the host rock structure. It is therefore difficult to evaluate whether magma transiting the lithosphere is directed by the complex and highly heterogeneous structure of continental interiors. Here, we use borehole-constrained 2D seismic reflection data to characterise the 3D geometry of the newly-discovered, ancient, intraplate Tuatara Volcanic Field in the Great South Basin, offshore the South Island of New Zealand, and investigate its relationship with pre-existing crustal and lithospheric structures. The ~270 km2 Tuatara Volcanic Field is dominated by a dome-shaped edifice of tabular lavas, surrounded and overlain by ~69 distinct volcanoes connected and likely fed by a network of &gt;70 sills. Seismic-stratigraphic analyses reveal the volcanic system developed over 40 Myr, between the Late Cretaceous and Early Eocene (~85 Ma–45 Ma). We find that the Tuatara Volcanic Field is located directly above the Livingstone Fault, which separates the Caples and Dun Mountain-Maitai basement terranes; the recently active (600 yr before present) Auckland Volcanic Field is similarly located above the Livingstone Fault along-strike on the North Island. We suggest the Livingstone Fault controlled the location of the Tuatara Volcanic Field by: (i) producing relief at the base lithosphere, which we propose focused small-scale convection and/or lithosphere detachment, promoting periodic melting over ~40 Myr; and (ii) providing a pathway that facilitated magma ascent. Our work highlights that (recently) active intraplate volcanic systems, including the Auckland Volcanic Field, may comprise distributed volcanoes interconnected by sill-complexes, and be spatially and temporally controlled by pre-existing crustal and/or lithospheric structures.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
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                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "seismic"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Auckland"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Great South Basin"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Igneous"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Monogenetic Volcanic Field"
                },
                {
                    "word": "New Zealand"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Sill"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Volcano"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-03-12T05:26:11-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-03-18T13:48:06-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-03-18T13:48:06-07:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2020-050",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/b94ds",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 4326,
                    "first_name": "Thomas",
                    "middle_name": "Brian",
                    "last_name": "Phillips",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 1608,
                    "first_name": "Craig",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Magee",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-9836-2365"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geophysics and Seismology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Tectonics and Structure"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Volcanology"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Tuatara_PhillipsMagee20_EA.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/370/download/766/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.nzpam.govt.nz/",
                    "label": "Public data"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 376,
            "title": "A sedimentological approach for classifying sub-surface mine wastes: implications for shallow  mine geothermal energy",
            "abstract": "Following sub-surface coal extraction, workings become flooded and represent a potential aquifer for shallow geothermal development projects. We investigate the internal structure of collapsed mine workings in surface exposures of pillar and stall mine workings exposed through coastal erosion at Whitley Bay, NE England, UK. These workings collapsed in stages, leaving a clay-rich anthropogenic sedimentary layer consisting of collapse breccias and muds that gradually reduce the permeability of the system. Our data suggests workings do not collapse as individual events and that sections near pillars may remain open to flow for years after the rest of the workings have collapsed.",
            "license": {
                "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1",
                "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1",
                "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n                       Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL.  It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n                            Preamble\r\n\r\n  The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it.  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                "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "coal"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Collapse"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Geothermal energy"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Mining"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Net Zero"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Pillar and Stall"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-03-09T16:30:56-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-03-19T11:43:40-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-03-19T11:43:40-07:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/hynzc",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 21280,
                    "first_name": "Billy",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Andrews",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 1848,
                    "first_name": "Zoe",
                    "middle_name": "Adele",
                    "last_name": "Cumberpatch",
                    "salutation": "Miss",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 7420,
                    "first_name": "Zoe",
                    "middle_name": "K",
                    "last_name": "Shipton",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 8593,
                    "first_name": "Richard",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Lord",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Mining Engineering"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Andrews_MineWaste_EarthArEx.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/376/download/778/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Andrews_MineWaste_Final.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/376/download/779/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 371,
            "title": "Sedimentation and viscosity controls on forearc highs",
            "abstract": "Crustal rheology and surface processes strongly influence strain distribution and shape of orogenic wedges at their front but how they influence the wedge rear is still unclear. Here, we analyze the coupled control of viscosity and sedimentation on forearc high growth during advanced stages of subduction accretion. We use 2D thermo-mechanical finite element models constrained with data of the south Anatolian margin. Our simulations show that forearc highs grow as a thermally-activated viscosity drop in the lower crust induces ductile deformation and viscous flow. Initial viscosity and the amount of sediments in the forearc basin control non-linearly the occurrence and timing of the thermally-activated viscosity drop, and thus of the growth of the forearc high. High sedimentation rates result in thicker forearc basins that stabilize the subduction wedge and delay the onset of uplift in the forearc high. Low viscosities promote earlier onset of forearc high uplift and lead to larger morphological variability along the subduction margin. Increasing either sedimentation rate or viscosity may prevent forearc high formation entirely. The thermo-viscous forearc highs grow at an age set by wedge thermal state as a function of accretionary flux, wedge viscosity, and synorogenic sedimentation. Our models explain vertical motions in south Anatolia and potentially in other accretionary margins, like the Lesser Antilles or Cascadia, during the formation of their broad forearc highs.",
            "license": {
                "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1",
                "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1",
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                "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Orogenic wedge"
                },
                {
                    "word": "accretionary wedges"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Central Anatolian Plateau"
                },
                {
                    "word": "forearc"
                },
                {
                    "word": "forearc high"
                },
                {
                    "word": "outer-arc high"
                },
                {
                    "word": "sedimentation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Turkey"
                },
                {
                    "word": "uplift"
                },
                {
                    "word": "viscosity"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-03-12T01:58:26-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-03-18T13:47:41-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-03-18T13:47:41-07:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.12518",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/359nd",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 1564,
                    "first_name": "David",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Fernández-Blanco",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-5326-9164"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 5081,
                    "first_name": "Utsav",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Mannu",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 7358,
                    "first_name": "Teodoro",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Cassola",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 6805,
                    "first_name": "Giovanni",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Bertotti",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-7368-4867"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 9032,
                    "first_name": "Sean",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Willett",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Tectonics and Structure"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "DFBetal_ControlsForearcHigh_EarthArXivPreprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/371/download/767/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "DFBetal_ControlsForearcHigh_EarthArXivPreprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/371/download/768/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "DFBetal_ControlsForearcHigh_EarthArXivPreprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/371/download/769/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "DFBetal_ControlsForearcHigh_EarthArXivPreprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/371/download/770/"
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                {
                    "original_filename": "DFBetal_ControlsForearcHigh_EarthArXivPreprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/371/download/771/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "2021A_DFBetal_BasRes_ViscForehighControlsTypesetPostprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/371/download/6139/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://osf.io/atwru",
                    "label": "Supplementary material"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 372,
            "title": "The Last Glacial Maximum Balearic Abyssal Plain Megabed revisited",
            "abstract": "Megabeds are thick sedimentary layers extending over thousands square kilometres in deep sea basins and are thought to result from large slope failures triggered by major external events. Such deposits have been found in at least three areas of the Mediterranean Sea. Although their discovery dates back to the early 1980s, many questions remain, concerning their initiation, source area, extent, and the nature of their emplacement. One of the largest previously documented megabeds was emplaced during the Last Glacial Maximum across the Balearic Abyssal Plain with a thickness of 8-10 m in water depths of up to 2800 m.\nNew 3.5 kHz sub-bottom profiles and sediment cores provide greater constraint on the lateral variability of the megabed and allow to map it beyond previous estimates, with a revised areal extent up to 90,000-100,000 km2. Megabed terminations show gradual pinch-out to the West and an abrupt eastward termination against the Sardinia steep margin. The megabed presents both in seismic profiles and in sediment cores a tripartite subdivision likely corresponding to changes in flow regimes across the basin with a central area of sandy facies and erosional base oriented NNE-SSW allowing renewed discussions about sources and trigger of the megabed.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). 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For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. 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If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "date_submitted": "2020-03-11T03:17:03-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-03-18T13:43:11-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-03-18T13:43:11-07:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1144/SP500-2019-188",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/5ayn6",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 515,
                    "first_name": "Antonio",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Cattaneo",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Sedimentology"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Cattaneo20_SMMTC_BAP_rev_PREPRINTr.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/372/download/772/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 373,
            "title": "Global dominance of tectonics over climate in shaping river longitudinal profiles",
            "abstract": "River networks are striking features engraved into Earths surface, shaped by uplift and erosion under the joint influence of climate and tectonics. How a river descends along its course – its longitudinal profile – varies greatly from one basin to the next, reflecting the interplay between uplift and erosional processes. It has recently been argued that climatic aridity should be a first-order control on river profile concavity, but the importance of climate relative to other factors has not been tested at global scale. Here we show, using recent global datasets of river profiles and tectonic activity, that tectonics is much more strongly expressed than climate in global patterns in river profile concavity. River profiles tend to be more strongly concave in tectonically active regions along plate boundaries, reflecting tectonically induced spatial variations in uplift rates. Rank correlations between river profile concavity and global tectonic proxies (basin slope and two indices of seismic risk) are much stronger than those between river concavity and precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, or aridity. These results show that tectonics, and not climate, exerts first-order control on the shape of river longitudinal profiles globally.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. 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For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. 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However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "climate"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Tectonics"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Aridity"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Concavity"
                },
                {
                    "word": "river longitudinal profile"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-03-11T01:47:50-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-03-18T13:46:58-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-03-18T13:46:58-07:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-021-00720-5",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/bj8kh",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 5472,
                    "first_name": "Hansjörg",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Seybold",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 4454,
                    "first_name": "Wouter",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Berghuijs",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-7447-0051"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 7378,
                    "first_name": "Jeff",
                    "middle_name": "P.",
                    "last_name": "Prancevic",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 517,
                    "first_name": "James",
                    "middle_name": "W",
                    "last_name": "Kirchner",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geomorphology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Hydrology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Tectonics and Structure"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Seybold_EarthArXiv2020Manuscript.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/373/download/773/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Seybold_EarthArXiv2020Manuscript_2021.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/373/download/5280/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://osf.io/26wek",
                    "label": "Supplementary material"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 374,
            "title": "Distributed long-term hourly streamflow predictions using deep learning – A case study for State of Iowa",
            "abstract": "Accurate streamflow forecasting has always been a challenge. Although there were many novel approaches using deep learning models, accuracy of these models is often limited to a short lead time. This study proposes a new deep recurrent neural network approach, Neural Runoff Model (NRM), which has been applied on 125 USGS streamflow gages in the State of Iowa for predicting the next 120 hours. We use a semi-distributed model structure with observation and forecast data from the model output of upstream stations as additional input for downstream gages. The proposed model outperforms the streamflow persistence, ridge regression and random forest regression on majority of the gages. Our model has shown strong predictive power and can be used for long-term streamflow predictions. This study also shows that the semi-distributed structure in NRM can improve the streamflow predictions by integrating water level data from upstream stream gauges.",
            "license": {
                "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1",
                "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1",
                "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n                       Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL.  It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n                            Preamble\r\n\r\n  The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it.  By contrast, the GNU General Public\r\nLicenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change\r\nfree software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.\r\n\r\n  This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some\r\nspecially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the\r\nFree Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it.  You\r\ncan use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether\r\nthis license or the ordinary General Public License is the better\r\nstrategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.\r\n\r\n  When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,\r\nnot price.  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                "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Deep learning"
                },
                {
                    "word": "data integration modeling"
                },
                {
                    "word": "distributed model"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Rainfall-Runoff modeling"
                },
                {
                    "word": "streamflow forecasting"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-03-09T19:57:31-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-03-21T01:36:56-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-03-21T01:36:56-07:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2020.104761",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/vs4x8",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 4089,
                    "first_name": "Zhongrun",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Xiang",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 3764,
                    "first_name": "Ibrahim",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Demir",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Civil Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Engineering"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "IowaModel_0318_EarthArXiV.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/374/download/774/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "IowaModel_0309_EarthArXiV.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/374/download/775/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://data.usgs.gov/datacatalog/",
                    "label": "Public data"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://data.eol.ucar.edu/dataset/21.093",
                    "label": "Public data"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 375,
            "title": "A Serious Gaming Framework for Decision Support on Hydrological Hazards",
            "abstract": "In this study, a web-based decision support tool (DST) was developed for hydrological multi-hazard analysis while employing gamification techniques to introduce a competitive element. The serious gaming environment provides functionalities for intuitive management, visualization, and analysis of geospatial, hydrological, and economic data to help stakeholders in the decision-making process regarding hydrological hazard preparedness and response. Major contributions of the presented DST include involving the community in environmental decision making by reducing the technical complexity required for analysis, increasing community awareness for the environmental and socio-economic consequences of hydrological hazards, and allowing stakeholders to discover and discuss potential trade-offs to hazardous scenarios considering the limitations in budget, regulations, and technicality. The paper describes the software design approaches and system architecture applied for a modular, secure, and scalable software as well as the framework’s intuitive web-based user interfaces for real-time and collaborative data analysis and damage assessment. Finally, a case study was conducted to demonstrate the usability of DST in a formal setting and to measure user satisfaction with surveys.",
            "license": {
                "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1",
                "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1",
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                "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "disaster management"
                },
                {
                    "word": "decision support systems"
                },
                {
                    "word": "hydrological data management and visualization"
                },
                {
                    "word": "multi-hazard tournament"
                },
                {
                    "word": "serious games"
                },
                {
                    "word": "web-based systems"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-03-09T17:15:03-07:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-03-17T00:57:57-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-03-17T00:57:57-07:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138895",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/7gxq4",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 3903,
                    "first_name": "Yusuf",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Sermet",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 3764,
                    "first_name": "Ibrahim",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Demir",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 7409,
                    "first_name": "Marian",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Muste",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Computer Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Databases and Information Systems"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Education"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Software Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Sustainability"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Water Resource Management"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "manuscript - submission.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/375/download/776/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "manuscript.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/375/download/777/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 377,
            "title": "Downscaling digital soil maps using electromagnetic induction and aerial imagery",
            "abstract": "Coarse-resolution soil maps at regional to national extents are often inappropriate for mapping intra-field variability. At the same time, sensor data, such as electromagnetic induction measurements and aerial imagery, can be highly useful for mapping soil properties that correlate with electrical conductivity or soil color. However, maps based on these data nearly always require calibration with local samples, as multiple factors can affect the sensor measurements. In this study, we present a method, which combines coarse-resolution, large extent soil maps with sensor data in order to improve predictions of soil properties. We test this method for predicting clay and soil organic matter contents at five agricultural fields located in Denmark. We test the method for one field at a time, using soil samples from the four other fields to predict soil properties. Results show that the method generally improves predictions over the predictions from the coarse-resolution maps, especially for soil organic matter. The method generally overestimates prediction uncertainties, a disadvantage, which will require improvements. Overall, the method is a simple, promising tool for giving a quantitative estimate of soil properties, when no local soil samples are available.",
            "license": {
                "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1",
                "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1",
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                "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "remote sensing"
                },
                {
                    "word": "clay"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Denmark"
                },
                {
                    "word": "soil electrical conductivity"
                },
                {
                    "word": "soil organic matter"
                },
                {
                    "word": "topsoil"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-03-06T06:11:20-08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-04-17T02:47:03-07:00",
            "date_published": "2020-04-17T02:47:03-07:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/a7xz6",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 519,
                    "first_name": "Anders",
                    "middle_name": "Bjørn",
                    "last_name": "Møller",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 6164,
                    "first_name": "Triven",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Koganti",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 7444,
                    "first_name": "Amélie",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Beucher",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 8612,
                    "first_name": "Bo",
                    "middle_name": "Vangsø",
                    "last_name": "Iversen",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 9547,
                    "first_name": "Mogens",
                    "middle_name": "Humlekrog",
                    "last_name": "Greve",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Soil Science"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Fields_manuscript_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/377/download/780/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Fields_manuscript_submission_v1.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/377/download/781/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 378,
            "title": "Improving the retrieval of offshore-onshore correlation functions with machine learning",
            "abstract": "The retrieval of reliable offshore-onshore correlation functions is critical to improve our ability to predict long-period ground motions from megathrust earthquakes. However, localized ambient seismic field sources between offshore and onshore stations can bias correlation functions and generate non-physical arrivals. We present a two-step method based on unsupervised learning to improve the quality of correlation functions calculated with the deconvolution method (e.g., deconvolution functions, DFs). For a DF dataset calculated between two stations over a long time period, we first reduce the dataset dimensions using the Principal Component Analysis and cluster the features of the low-dimensional space with a Gaussian mixture model. We stack the DFs belonging to each cluster together and select the best stacked DF. We apply our technique to DFs calculated every 30 minutes between an offshore station located on top of the Nankai Trough, Japan, and 77 onshore receivers. Our method removes spurious arrivals and improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the DFs. Most 30-min DFs selected by our clustering method are generated during extreme meteorological events, such as typhoons. To demonstrate that the DFs obtained with our method contain reliable phases and amplitudes, we use them to simulate the long-period ground motions from a Mw 5.8 earthquake, which occurred near the offshore station. Results show that the earthquake long-period ground motions are accurately simulated. Our method can easily be used as an additional processing step when calculating offshore-onshore DFs, and offers a way to improve the prediction of long-period ground motions from potential megathrust earthquakes.",
            "license": {
                "name": "Academic Free License (AFL) 3.0",
                "short_name": "AFL 3.0",
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You must retain, in the Source Code of any Derivative Works that You create, all copyright, patent, or trademark notices from the Source Code of the Original Work, as well as any notices of licensing and any descriptive text identified therein as an \"Attribution Notice.\" You must cause the Source Code for any Derivative Works that You create to carry a prominent Attribution Notice reasonably calculated to inform recipients that You have modified the Original Work.\r\n\r\n7) Warranty of Provenance and Disclaimer of Warranty. Licensor warrants that the copyright in and to the Original Work and the patent rights granted herein by Licensor are owned by the Licensor or are sublicensed to You under the terms of this License with the permission of the contributor(s) of those copyrights and patent rights. Except as expressly stated in the immediately preceding sentence, the Original Work is provided under this License on an \"AS IS\" BASIS and WITHOUT WARRANTY, either express or implied, including, without limitation, the warranties of non-infringement, merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY OF THE ORIGINAL WORK IS WITH YOU. This DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY constitutes an essential part of this License. No license to the Original Work is granted by this License except under this disclaimer.\r\n\r\n8) Limitation of Liability. Under no circumstances and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, shall the Licensor be liable to anyone for any indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or the use of the Original Work including, without limitation, damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses. This limitation of liability shall not apply to the extent applicable law prohibits such limitation.\r\n\r\n9) Acceptance and Termination. If, at any time, You expressly assented to this License, that assent indicates your clear and irrevocable acceptance of this License and all of its terms and conditions. If You distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work or a Derivative Work, You must make a reasonable effort under the circumstances to obtain the express assent of recipients to the terms of this License. This License conditions your rights to undertake the activities listed in Section 1, including your right to create Derivative Works based upon the Original Work, and doing so without honoring these terms and conditions is prohibited by copyright law and international treaty. Nothing in this License is intended to affect copyright exceptions and limitations (including \"fair use\" or \"fair dealing\"). This License shall terminate immediately and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License upon your failure to honor the conditions in Section 1(c).\r\n\r\n10) Termination for Patent Action. This License shall terminate automatically and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License as of the date You commence an action, including a cross-claim or counterclaim, against Licensor or any licensee alleging that the Original Work infringes a patent. This termination provision shall not apply for an action alleging patent infringement by combinations of the Original Work with other software or hardware.\r\n\r\n11) Jurisdiction, Venue and Governing Law. Any action or suit relating to this License may be brought only in the courts of a jurisdiction wherein the Licensor resides or in which Licensor conducts its primary business, and under the laws of that jurisdiction excluding its conflict-of-law provisions. The application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is expressly excluded. Any use of the Original Work outside the scope of this License or after its termination shall be subject to the requirements and penalties of copyright or patent law in the appropriate jurisdiction. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n12) Attorneys' Fees. In any action to enforce the terms of this License or seeking damages relating thereto, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover its costs and expenses, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and costs incurred in connection with such action, including any appeal of such action. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n13) Miscellaneous. If any provision of this License is held to be unenforceable, such provision shall be reformed only to the extent necessary to make it enforceable.\r\n\r\n14) Definition of \"You\" in This License. \"You\" throughout this License, whether in upper or lower case, means an individual or a legal entity exercising rights under, and complying with all of the terms of, this License. For legal entities, \"You\" includes any entity that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with you. For purposes of this definition, \"control\" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.\r\n\r\n15) Right to Use. You may use the Original Work in all ways not otherwise restricted or conditioned by this License or by law, and Licensor promises not to interfere with or be responsible for such uses by You.\r\n\r\n16) Modification of This License. This License is Copyright © 2005 Lawrence Rosen. Permission is granted to copy, distribute, or communicate this License without modification. Nothing in this License permits You to modify this License as applied to the Original Work or to Derivative Works. However, You may modify the text of this License and copy, distribute or communicate your modified version (the \"Modified License\") and apply it to other original works of authorship subject to the following conditions: (i) You may not indicate in any way that your Modified License is the \"Academic Free License\" or \"AFL\" and you may not use those names in the name of your Modified License; (ii) You must replace the notice specified in the first paragraph above with the notice \"Licensed under <insert your license name here>\" or with a notice of your own that is not confusingly similar to the notice in this License; and (iii) You may not claim that your original works are open source software unless your Modified License has been approved by Open Source Initiative (OSI) and You comply with its license review and certification process.",
                "url": "http://opensource.org/licenses/AFL-3.0"
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "date_submitted": "2020-03-05T22:02:41-08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-03-06T09:26:23-08:00",
            "date_published": "2020-03-06T09:26:23-08:00",
            "doi": "http://doi.org/10.1029/2020JB019730",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/8ba5p",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 1557,
                    "first_name": "Loic",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Viens",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 6191,
                    "first_name": "Tomotaka",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Iwata",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geophysics and Seismology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "2020JB019730_EarthArXiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/378/download/782/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Viens_Iwata_2020_for_EarthArXiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/378/download/783/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 379,
            "title": "Performance of terrestrial laser scanning to characterize managed Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands is dependent on forest structural variation",
            "abstract": "There is a limited understanding of how forest structure affects the performance of methods based on terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) in characterizing trees and forest environments. We aim to improve this understanding by studying how different forest management activities that shape tree size distributions affect the TLS-based forest characterization accuracy in managed Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands. For that purpose, we investigated 27 sample plots consisting of three different thinning types, two thinning intensities as well as control plots without any treatments. Multi-scan TLS point clouds were collected from the sample plots, and a point cloud processing algorithm was used to segment individual trees and classify the segmented point clouds into stem and crown points. The classified point clouds were further used to estimate tree and forest structural attributes. With the TLS-based forest characterization, almost 100% completeness in tree detection, 0.7 cm (3.4%) root-mean-square-error (RMSE) in diameter-at-breast-height measurements, 0.9-1.4 m (4.5-7.3%) RMSE in tree height measurements, and less than 6% relative RMSE in the estimates of forest structural attributes (i.e. mean basal area, number of trees per hectare, mean volume, basal area-weighted mean diameter and height) were obtained depending on the applied thinning type. Thinnings decreased variation in horizontal and vertical forest structure, which especially favoured the TLS-based tree detection and tree height measurements, enabling reliable estimates for forest structural attributes. A considerably lower performance was recorded for the control plots. Thinning intensity was noticed to affect more on the accuracy of TLS-based forest characterization than thinning type. The number of trees per hectare and the proportion of suppressed trees were recognized as the main factors affecting the accuracy of TLS-based forest characterization. The more variation there was in the tree size distribution, the more challenging it was for the TLS-based method to capture all the trees and derive the tree and forest structural attributes. In general, consistent accuracy and reliability in the estimates of tree and forest attributes can be expected when using TLS for characterizing managed boreal forests.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "remote sensing"
                },
                {
                    "word": "LiDAR"
                },
                {
                    "word": "close-range"
                },
                {
                    "word": "forest inventory"
                },
                {
                    "word": "forest management"
                },
                {
                    "word": "point cloud"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-03-05T04:01:09-08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-03-05T06:32:37-08:00",
            "date_published": "2020-03-05T06:32:37-08:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2020.08.017",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/ybs7c",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 455,
                    "first_name": "Tuomas",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Yrttimaa",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 454,
                    "first_name": "Ninni",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Saarinen",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 7474,
                    "first_name": "Ville",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Kankare",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 8637,
                    "first_name": "Jari",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Hynynen",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 9571,
                    "first_name": "Saija",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Huuskonen",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 10243,
                    "first_name": "Markus",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Holopainen",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 8999,
                    "first_name": "Juha",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Hyyppä",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-5360-4017"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 5289,
                    "first_name": "Mikko",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Vastaranta",
                    "salutation": "Prof.",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Forest Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Life Sciences"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Yrttimaa_et_al_2020_TLS_effect_of_treatments_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/379/download/784/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Yrttimaa_et_al_2020_TLS_Thinnings_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/379/download/785/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://osf.io/n42wt",
                    "label": "Supplementary material"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 380,
            "title": "On the formation of oceanic detachment faults and their influence on intra-oceanic subduction initiation: 3D thermomechanical modeling",
            "abstract": "Extensional detachment faults, which have been widely documented in slow-spreading and ultraslow-spreading ridges on Earth, can effectively localize deformation due to their weakness. After the onset of oceanic closure, these weak oceanic detachments may directly control the nucleation of a subduction zone parallel to the former mid-ocean ridge, as is suggested for the Neotethys in Middle Jurassic times. So far, this hypothesis has only been tested by 2D numerical models, whereas the geometry of detachment faults is intrinsically three-dimensional. Here, we conducted a series of 3D numerical thermomechanical experiments in order to investigate the formation of detachment faults in slow oceanic spreading systems and their subsequent response upon inversion from oceanic spreading to convergence.\n\nNumerical results show that during the oceanic spreading stage, the formation of detachment faults strongly depends on the magnitude of the healing rate of faulted rocks in the oceanic lithosphere, that reflects the stability of hydrated minerals along fractured rocks. The detachment faults formed in our 3D numerical models deviate from the “rolling hinge model” of oceanic detachment faulting where fault footwalls are rotated and oceanic core complexes are thereby formed. Our results accentuate that the controlling physical parameters for the development of oceanic core complexes and detachment faults can differ, and that their coupled development in nature remains a key target for future research.\n\nUpon modeled transition to compression, previously formed asymmetric spreading patterns are prone to asymmetric inversion, where one oceanic plate thrusts under the other. Our results suggest that detachment faults accommodate significant amounts of shortening during the initiation of oceanic closure, but, in contrast to the previously proposed simple conceptual model, no direct inversion of a single detachment fault into an incipient subduction zone is observed. Instead, a widespread interaction of multiple detachment faults occurs after the onset of convergence. Ultimately, the nascent subduction zone cuts through the base of several pre-existing detachment faults, thereby forming an initial accretionary wedge in the incipient fore-arc.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Mid-Ocean Ridge"
                },
                {
                    "word": "numerical modeling"
                },
                {
                    "word": "subduction initiation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "detachment faults"
                },
                {
                    "word": "spreading system"
                },
                {
                    "word": "subduction"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-03-04T14:08:28-08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-03-04T15:10:22-08:00",
            "date_published": "2020-03-04T15:10:22-08:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2018.10.042",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/r9k5p",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 2375,
                    "first_name": "Anna",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Gülcher",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-5999-3463"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 6248,
                    "first_name": "Stéphane",
                    "middle_name": "J.",
                    "last_name": "Beaussier",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 9266,
                    "first_name": "Taras",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Gerya",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Tectonics and Structure"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Gulcher_et_al-2019-EPSL-RG.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/380/download/786/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 381,
            "title": "Use of geochemical fingerprints to trace sediment sources in an agriculture catchment of Argentina",
            "abstract": "Soil erosion and associated sediment redistribution are key environmental problems in Central Argentina. Specific land uses and management practices, such as intensive grazing and crop cultivation, are considered significantly driving and accelerating these processes.\nThis research focuses on the identification of suitable soil tracers from hot spots of land degradation and sediment fate in an agricultural catchment of central Argentina with erodible loess soils. Using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF), elemental concentrations were determined and further used as soil tracers for geochemical characterization.\nThe best set of tracers were identified using two artificial mixtures composed of known proportions of soil sources collected in different sites having distinctive soil uses. Phosphorus, iron, calcium, barium, and titanium were identified for obtaining the best suitable reconstruction of the source proportions in the artificial mixtures. Then, these elements as well as the total organic carbon were applied for pinpointing critical hot spots of erosion within the studied catchment. Feedlots were identified to be the main source of sediments, river banks and dirt roads together are the second most important source. This investigation provides key information for optimizing soil conservation strategies and selecting land management practices and land uses which do not generate great contribution of sediment, preventing pollution of the waterways of the region.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "dispersive X-ray fluorescence"
                },
                {
                    "word": "fingerprinting"
                },
                {
                    "word": "geochemical elements"
                },
                {
                    "word": "mixing models"
                },
                {
                    "word": "soil erosion"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-03-04T04:51:03-08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-03-04T06:29:20-08:00",
            "date_published": "2020-03-04T06:29:20-08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/pc87x",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 1915,
                    "first_name": "Romina",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Torres Astorga",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 6261,
                    "first_name": "Yanina",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Garcias",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 7531,
                    "first_name": "Gisela",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Borgatello",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 8686,
                    "first_name": "Hugo",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Velasco",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 9598,
                    "first_name": "Román",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Padilla",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 10262,
                    "first_name": "Gerd",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Dercon",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 10724,
                    "first_name": "Lionel",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Mabit",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Natural Resources and Conservation"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Torres Astorga_manuscript_EarthArXiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/381/download/787/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 382,
            "title": "Global inventories of inverted stream channels on Earth and Mars",
            "abstract": "Data from orbiting and landed spacecraft have provided vast amounts of information regarding fluvial and fluvial-related landforms and sediments on Mars. One variant of these landforms are sinuous ridges that have been interpreted to be remnant evidence for ancient fluvial activity, observed at hundreds of martian locales. In order to further understanding of these martian landforms, this paper inventories the 107 known and unknown inverted channel sites on Earth; these offer 114 different examples that consist of materials ranging in age from Upper Ordovician to late Holocene. These examples record several climatic events from the Upper Ordovician glaciation to late Quaternary climate oscillation. These Earth examples include inverted channels in deltaic and alluvial fan sediment, providing new analogs to their martian counterparts. This global dataset provides environmental context regarding the formation mechanisms and conditions that accompanied channel formation and inversion. There are five documented processes by which channel sediment and valley fill become consolidated and inverted after adjacent floodplain sediments are eroded away: (1) channel fill cementation during near-surface, early diagenesis; (2) channel fill lithification during burial diagenesis in the subsurface; (3) filling of a channel or valley by extrusive volcanism (lavas, tuffs); (4) channel surface armouring of coarse clasts by aeolian and fluvial processes; (5) compaction of bank-forming peat, which can lead to early inversion without removal of floodplain material. On Earth, early diagenesis (shallow surficial cementation) dominates among inverted fluvial channels (59%), volcanism is an important contributor (23%), and deep burial diagenesis, surface armouring, compaction of bank-forming peat are comparatively minor (11%, 6%, and 1% respectively). Water erosion, wind erosion, and exhumation due to tectonic activity play an important role in removing the surrounding terrain, leaving the channel deposits standing as a ridge. Wind erosion rates involved in causing topographic inversion range from 10 mm/year in the Bodélé Depression, Chad, to 0.21 mm/year in the Kumtagh Desert, China. These observations have important implications for understanding the formation and paleoclimate associated with similar landforms on Mars. Shallow, near-subsurface cementation of channel sediment could be prevalent on Mars due to a favorable climate like that of where they occur on Earth (tropical and subtropical climates), particularly because most Martian examples are not capped by volcanic materials and because tectonism, as compared to Earth, plays a negligible role in returning buried materials to the surface. Studying inverted channels on Mars at the global scale will bring new information on the early climate of Mars, particularly transition from wet to dry conditions. Finally, we propose that inverted deltaic deposits, which occur around the margins of the Pleistocene Tushka paleolake, in Egypt, are an excellent terrestrial analogue for fan-shaped deposits in relief inversion on Mars, particularly the deltaic deposits in Jezero crater, the landing site for NASA’s Mars 2020 rover.",
            "license": {
                "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1",
                "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1",
                "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n                       Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL.  It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n                            Preamble\r\n\r\n  The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it.  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                "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Mars"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Earth analogue"
                },
                {
                    "word": "inverted channels"
                },
                {
                    "word": "inverted topography"
                },
                {
                    "word": "sinuous ridges"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-03-03T14:09:14-08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-03-03T18:46:32-08:00",
            "date_published": "2020-03-03T18:46:32-08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/ej2xk",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 523,
                    "first_name": "Abdallah",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Zaki",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 3951,
                    "first_name": "Colin",
                    "middle_name": "Frederick",
                    "last_name": "Pain",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 525,
                    "first_name": "Kenneth",
                    "middle_name": "S.",
                    "last_name": "Edgett",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 3938,
                    "first_name": "Sebastien",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Castelltort",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-6405-4038"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geomorphology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Zaki et al., 2020.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/382/download/788/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 383,
            "title": "Northern peatland depth and lateral expansion is inconsistent with a 1055 GtC estimate of carbon storage",
            "abstract": "Peatlands contain one of the largest stores of terrestrial carbon and exert a considerable influence on the global climate cycle. However, both the magnitude of the peatland carbon pool and the development of this pool through time are poorly constrained. In a recently published article, Nichols and Peteet combine basal radiocarbon dates from palaeoecological studies with previously published datasets of peatland initiation to produce a revised estimate of northern peatland initiation and carbon stocks. The authors conclude that the amount of carbon stored in Northern peatlands is two to three times higher, i.e. 1055 Gt C, than previous estimates. Nichols and Peteet argue this is due to peatlands initiating and expanding earlier than previously thought, as appears to be the case in the new dataset of peatland initiation they have compiled, of which dates from the palaeoecological literature (Neotoma database) form a large component. The approach used by Nichols and Peteet relies on two assumptions 1) That the lateral peatland coverage expands linearly with time and 2) that the oldest basal date in a region is representative of peat initiation in that region. These assumptions have been repeatedly called into question as has the suitability of the Neotoma dataset for basal date information without modern re-processing. We consider peat depth as a means to independently evaluate the 1055 GtC figure, concluding that this would require peatlands to be implausibly deep as compared to peat depth observations.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "carbon-stocks"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Holocene"
                },
                {
                    "word": "peatland development"
                },
                {
                    "word": "time-history"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-03-03T07:05:40-08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-03-03T18:44:50-08:00",
            "date_published": "2020-03-03T18:44:50-08:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-021-00770-9",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/kafcu",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 4714,
                    "first_name": "Joshua",
                    "middle_name": "Lee",
                    "last_name": "Ratcliffe",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 6321,
                    "first_name": "Haijun",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Peng",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 7585,
                    "first_name": "Jelmer",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Nijp",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 8734,
                    "first_name": "Matts",
                    "middle_name": "B.",
                    "last_name": "Nilsson",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Life Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Other Life Sciences"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "NicholsPeteet_response_EarthArXiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/383/download/789/"
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                {
                    "original_filename": "NicholsPeteet_response_EarthArXiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/383/download/790/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://osf.io/2ndp4",
                    "label": "Supplementary material"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 384,
            "title": "Reply to “Global coastal wetland expansion under accelerated sea-level rise is unlikely”",
            "abstract": "We thank Törnqvist et al. for engaging with our modelling study on the future response of global coastal wetlands to sea-level rise (SLR) and their careful and critical discussion of the presented methods and results. However, we disagree with their suggestion that our modelling approach is inadequate, a claim which relies on two arguments: (1) they argue that our results are inconsistent with the “A/S (accommodation versus sediment supply) theory”; (2) they refer to coastal Louisiana as a case example where our modelling results would deviate from historic observations and future projections of coastal wetland change. However, below we will demonstrate that Törnqvist et al.’s application of the A/S theory is not valid to predict changes in coastal wetland area, and that our global predictions are in line with regional observations and projections for coastal Louisiana and the wider region of the Gulf of Mexico. \nTaking coastal Louisiana as an example, Törnqvist et al. highlight that ca. 6000 km2 of land are expected to be lost over the coming 50 years due to RSLR and the erosion/drowning of coastal wetlands. However, this figure cannot directly be compared to our results, because it does not account for upland areas being converted to wetlands as sea level rises; it only accounts for seaward losses due to erosion and/or drowning with associated shoreline retreat and land loss3. Equivalent scenario runs of our model (i.e. only considering wetland accretion, but no inland migration) result in a comparable projected wetland loss in Louisiana of ca. 6,900 km2 until 2100, under the medium SLR scenario (RCP4.5). This loss is triggered by insufficient sediment availability for the marshes to keep pace with SLR in situ. Hence, Törnqvist et al.’s claim that our model underestimates future wetland loss on the US Gulf coast is incorrect. Rather, we demonstrate that our global-scale model predictions of wetland losses are comparable to regional estimates.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Sea-level rise"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Coastal wetlands"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-03-02T07:42:00-08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-03-04T18:33:11-08:00",
            "date_published": "2020-03-04T18:33:11-08:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/ycunb",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 528,
                    "first_name": "Mark",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Schuerch",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 6348,
                    "first_name": "Tom",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Spencer",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 7607,
                    "first_name": "Stijn",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Temmerman",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 9707,
                    "first_name": "Matthew",
                    "middle_name": "L",
                    "last_name": "Kirwan",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 9641,
                    "first_name": "Claudia",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Wolff",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 10295,
                    "first_name": "Daniel",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Lincke",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 10746,
                    "first_name": "Chris",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "McOwen",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 11059,
                    "first_name": "Mark",
                    "middle_name": "D.",
                    "last_name": "Pickering",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 11289,
                    "first_name": "Ruth",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Reef",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 11459,
                    "first_name": "Athanasios",
                    "middle_name": "T.",
                    "last_name": "Vafeidis",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Sustainability"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Reply_to_Törnqvist_etal_final_revised_final.pdf",
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        {
            "pk": 385,
            "title": "Stress drop variation of deep-focus earthquakes based on empirical Greens function",
            "abstract": "We analyze source characteristics of global, deep-focus (&gt; 350 km) earthquakes with moment magnitudes (Mw) larger than 6.0-8.2 using teleseismic P-wave and S-wave spectra and an empirical Greens functions approach. We estimate the corner frequency assuming Brunes source model and calculate stress drops assuming a circular crack model. Based on P-wave and S-wave spectra, the one-standard deviation ranges are 3.5-369.8 MPa and 8.2-328.9 MPa, respectively. Based on the P-wave analysis, the median of our stress-drop estimates is about a factor of 10 higher than the median stress drop of shallow earthquakes with the same magnitude estimated by Allmann and Shearer (2009). This suggests that, on average, the shear stress of deep faults in the mantle transition zone is an order of magnitude higher than the shear stress of faults in the crust. The wide range of stress drops implies coexistence of multiple physical mechanisms.",
            "license": {
                "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1",
                "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1",
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                "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt"
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "date_submitted": "2020-03-02T06:42:20-08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-03-03T18:45:26-08:00",
            "date_published": "2020-03-03T18:45:26-08:00",
            "doi": "http://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL086055",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/8jx6p",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 1614,
                    "first_name": "Meichen",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Liu",
                    "salutation": "Ms",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 3920,
                    "first_name": "Yihe",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Huang",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 7647,
                    "first_name": "Jeroen",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Ritsema",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geophysics and Seismology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "manuscript_revised.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/385/download/794/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Liu_Stress_drop.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/385/download/795/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 396,
            "title": "Analytical prediction of seismicity rate due to tides and other oscillating stresses",
            "abstract": "Oscillatory stresses are ubiquitous on earth and other solid-surface bodies. Tides and seasonal signals perpetually stress faults in the crust. Relating seismicity to these stresses offers fundamental insight into earthquake triggering. We present a simple model that describes seismicity rate due to perpetual oscillatory stresses. The model applies to large amplitude, non-harmonic, and quasi-periodic stressing. However, it is not valid for periods larger than the characteristic time $t_a$. We show that seismicity rate from short-period stressing scales with the stress amplitude, but for long-periods with the stressing rate. Further, that background seismicity rate $r$ is equal to the average seismicity rate during short-period stressing. We suggest $A\\sigma_0$ may be underestimated if stresses are approximated by a single harmonic function. We revisit Manga et al. (2019), which analyzed the tidal triggering of Marsquakes, and provide a re-scaling of their seismicity rate response that offers a self-consistent comparison of different hydraulic conditions.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. 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Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. 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Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. 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If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Tides"
                },
                {
                    "word": "earthquake triggering"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Marsquakes"
                },
                {
                    "word": "rate-and-state friction"
                },
                {
                    "word": "seasonal seismicity"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2020-02-25T14:11:21-08:00",
            "date_accepted": "2020-03-03T05:07:45-08:00",
            "date_published": "2020-03-03T05:07:45-08:00",
            "doi": "http://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL090827",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/duvq2",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 1633,
                    "first_name": "Elias",
                    "middle_name": "Rafn",
                    "last_name": "Heimisson",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-8342-7226"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 8757,
                    "first_name": "Jean-Philippe",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Avouac",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-3060-8442"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geophysics and Seismology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Planetary Geophysics and Seismology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Planetary Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Tectonics and Structure"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Heimisson_and_Avouac_2020_comb.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/396/download/817/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Heimisson_and_Avouac_2020_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/396/download/818/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Heimisson_and_Avouac_GRL_2020.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/396/download/3859/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        }
    ]
}