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{ "count": 6776, "next": "https://eartharxiv.org/api/preprints/?format=api&limit=100&offset=600", "previous": "https://eartharxiv.org/api/preprints/?format=api&limit=100&offset=400", "results": [ { "pk": 483, "title": "Impact of nested moisture cycles on coastal chalk cliff failure revealed by multi seasonal seismic and topographic surveys", "abstract": "Cliff failure is a fundamental process shaping many coastlines worldwide. Improved insight into direct links between cliff failure and forcing mechanisms requires precise information on the timing of individual failures, which is difficult to obtain with conventional observation methods for longer stretches of coastline. Here we use seismic records and auxiliary data spanning 25 months to precisely identify and locate 81 failure events along the 8.6-km long chalk cliff coast of Jasmund, on Germany’s largest island, Rügen. The sub-minute precision of event timing allows the linkage of individual failures to triggers over a wide range of relevant time scales. We show that during the monitoring interval, marine processes were negligible as a trigger of cliff failure, although still being important for the removal of resulting deposits. Instead, cliff failure was associated with terrestrial controls on rock moisture. Most failures occurred when water caused a state transition of the cliff forming chalk, from solid to liquid. Water content was modulated by: i) subsurface flow towards the cliff, ii) rain onto the cliff, and iii) condensation of atmospheric moisture, leading to clustered failures preferentially during the night. Seasonal water availability, controlled by plant activity, imposed an annual cycle of cliff failure, and wetter and drier than average years imposed a month-long legacy effect on cliff failure dynamics. Similar terrestrial control mechanisms may also be relevant for other coastal chalk cliffs, in addition to already investigated marine triggers.", "license": { "name": "CC0 1.0 Universal - Public Domain Dedication", "short_name": "CC0", "text": "Statement of Purpose\r\n\r\nThe laws of most jurisdictions throughout the world automatically confer exclusive Copyright and Related Rights (defined below) upon the creator and subsequent owner(s) (each and all, an \"owner\") of an original work of authorship and/or a database (each, a \"Work\").\r\n\r\nCertain owners wish to permanently relinquish those rights to a Work for the purpose of contributing to a commons of creative, cultural and scientific works (\"Commons\") that the public can reliably and without fear of later claims of infringement build upon, modify, incorporate in other works, reuse and redistribute as freely as possible in any form whatsoever and for any purposes, including without limitation commercial purposes. These owners may contribute to the Commons to promote the ideal of a free culture and the further production of creative, cultural and scientific works, or to gain reputation or greater distribution for their Work in part through the use and efforts of others.\r\n\r\nFor these and/or other purposes and motivations, and without any expectation of additional consideration or compensation, the person associating CC0 with a Work (the \"Affirmer\"), to the extent that he or she is an owner of Copyright and Related Rights in the Work, voluntarily elects to apply CC0 to the Work and publicly distribute the Work under its terms, with knowledge of his or her Copyright and Related Rights in the Work and the meaning and intended legal effect of CC0 on those rights.\r\n\r\n1. Copyright and Related Rights. A Work made available under CC0 may be protected by copyright and related or neighboring rights (\"Copyright and Related Rights\"). Copyright and Related Rights include, but are not limited to, the following:\r\n\r\nthe right to reproduce, adapt, distribute, perform, display, communicate, and translate a Work;\r\nmoral rights retained by the original author(s) and/or performer(s);\r\npublicity and privacy rights pertaining to a person's image or likeness depicted in a Work;\r\nrights protecting against unfair competition in regards to a Work, subject to the limitations in paragraph 4(a), below;\r\nrights protecting the extraction, dissemination, use and reuse of data in a Work;\r\ndatabase rights (such as those arising under Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, and under any national implementation thereof, including any amended or successor version of such directive); and\r\nother similar, equivalent or corresponding rights throughout the world based on applicable law or treaty, and any national implementations thereof.\r\n2. 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Affirmer makes the Waiver for the benefit of each member of the public at large and to the detriment of Affirmer's heirs and successors, fully intending that such Waiver shall not be subject to revocation, rescission, cancellation, termination, or any other legal or equitable action to disrupt the quiet enjoyment of the Work by the public as contemplated by Affirmer's express Statement of Purpose.\r\n\r\n3. Public License Fallback. Should any part of the Waiver for any reason be judged legally invalid or ineffective under applicable law, then the Waiver shall be preserved to the maximum extent permitted taking into account Affirmer's express Statement of Purpose. In addition, to the extent the Waiver is so judged Affirmer hereby grants to each affected person a royalty-free, non transferable, non sublicensable, non exclusive, irrevocable and unconditional license to exercise Affirmer's Copyright and Related Rights in the Work (i) in all territories worldwide, (ii) for the maximum duration provided by applicable law or treaty (including future time extensions), (iii) in any current or future medium and for any number of copies, and (iv) for any purpose whatsoever, including without limitation commercial, advertising or promotional purposes (the \"License\"). The License shall be deemed effective as of the date CC0 was applied by Affirmer to the Work. Should any part of the License for any reason be judged legally invalid or ineffective under applicable law, such partial invalidity or ineffectiveness shall not invalidate the remainder of the License, and in such case Affirmer hereby affirms that he or she will not (i) exercise any of his or her remaining Copyright and Related Rights in the Work or (ii) assert any associated claims and causes of action with respect to the Work, in either case contrary to Affirmer's express Statement of Purpose.\r\n\r\n4. Limitations and Disclaimers.\r\n\r\nNo trademark or patent rights held by Affirmer are waived, abandoned, surrendered, licensed or otherwise affected by this document.\r\nAffirmer offers the Work as-is and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Work, express, implied, statutory or otherwise, including without limitation warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non infringement, or the absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the present or absence of errors, whether or not discoverable, all to the greatest extent permissible under applicable law.\r\nAffirmer disclaims responsibility for clearing rights of other persons that may apply to the Work or any use thereof, including without limitation any person's Copyright and Related Rights in the Work. Further, Affirmer disclaims responsibility for obtaining any necessary consents, permissions or other rights required for any use of the Work.\r\nAffirmer understands and acknowledges that Creative Commons is not a party to this document and has no duty or obligation with respect to this CC0 or use of the Work.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/" }, "keywords": [], "date_submitted": "2020-01-05T15:37:55+01:00", "date_accepted": "2020-01-09T14:53:51+01:00", "date_published": "2020-01-09T14:53:51+01:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/wuvdr", "authors": [ { "pk": 22089, "first_name": "Michael", "middle_name": "C.", "last_name": "Dietze", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 12729, "first_name": "Kristen", "middle_name": "L.", "last_name": "Cook", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 4282, "first_name": "Luc", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Illien", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": "0000-0003-3411-5669" }, { "pk": 8492, "first_name": "Oliver", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rach", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9455, "first_name": "Stephanie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Puffpaff", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10171, "first_name": "Ingolf", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Stodian", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 12731, "first_name": "Niels", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hovius", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geomorphology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "MS_04.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/483/download/1040/" }, { "original_filename": "manuscript_04_01.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/483/download/1041/" }, { "original_filename": "EA_manuscript_03_02.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/483/download/1042/" }, { "original_filename": "manuscript_03_02.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/483/download/1043/" }, { "original_filename": "manuscript_02_01.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/483/download/1044/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/fv64x", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 484, "title": "Lessons learned from monitoring of turbidity currents and guidance for future platform designs", "abstract": "Turbidity currents transport globally significant volumes of sediment and organic carbon into the deep-sea and pose a hazard to critical infrastructure. Despite advances in technology, their powerful nature often damages expensive instruments placed in their path. These challenges mean that turbidity currents have only been measured in a few locations worldwide, in relatively shallow water depths (<<2 km). Here, we share lessons from recent field deployments about how to design the platforms on which instruments are deployed. First, we show how monitoring platforms have been affected by turbidity currents including instability, displacement, tumbling and damage. Second, we relate these issues to specifics of the platform design, such as exposure of large surface area instruments within a flow and inadequate anchoring or seafloor support. Third, we provide recommended improvements to improve design by simplifying mooring configurations, minimising surface area, and enhancing seafloor stability. Finally we highlight novel multi-point moorings that avoid interaction between the instruments and the flow, and flow-resilient seafloor platforms with innovative engineering design features, such as ejectable feet and ballast. Our experience will provide guidance for future deployments, so that more detailed insights can be provided into turbidity current behaviour, and in a wider range of settings.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. 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However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "ADCP" }, { "word": "benthic lander" }, { "word": "marine geohazard" }, { "word": "mooring" }, { "word": "turbidity current" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-01-03T19:49:12+01:00", "date_accepted": "2020-01-09T14:55:34+01:00", "date_published": "2020-01-09T14:55:34+01:00", "doi": "http://doi.org/10.1144/SP500-2019-173", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/4qtxj", "authors": [ { "pk": 5225, "first_name": "Michael", "middle_name": "Andrew", "last_name": "Clare", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11762, "first_name": "D. Gwyn", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lintern", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7332, "first_name": "Kurt", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rosenberger", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8523, "first_name": "John", "middle_name": "Hughes", "last_name": "Clarke", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9484, "first_name": "Charles", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Paull", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10182, "first_name": "Roberto", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gwiazda", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8875, "first_name": "Matthieu", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cartigny", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11005, "first_name": "Peter", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Talling", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11258, "first_name": "Daniel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Perera", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11431, "first_name": "Jingping", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Xu", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Clare et al ISSMMTC 2019.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/484/download/1045/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 485, "title": "A web application for hydrogeomorphic flood hazard mapping", "abstract": "A detailed delineation of flood-prone areas over large regions represents a challenge that cannot be easily solved with today’s resources. The main limitations lie in algorithms and hardware, but also costs, scarcity and sparsity of data and our incomplete knowledge of how inundation events occur in different river floodplains. We showcase the implementation of a data-driven web application for regional analyses and detailed (i.e., tens of meters) mapping of floodplains, based on (a) the synthesis of hydrogeomorphic features into a morphological descriptor and (b) its classification to delineate flood-prone areas. We analysed the skill of the descriptor and the performance of the mapping method for European rivers. The web application can be effectively used for delineating flood-prone areas, reproducing the reference flood maps with a classification skill of 88.59% for the 270 major river basins analysed across Europe and 84.23% for the 64 sub-catchments of the Po River.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "web application" }, { "word": "digital elevation model" }, { "word": "supervised classification" }, { "word": "data mining" }, { "word": "Hydrogeomorphology" }, { "word": "Large-scale study" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-01-03T18:14:32+01:00", "date_accepted": "2020-01-08T19:59:57+01:00", "date_published": "2020-01-08T19:59:57+01:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2019.04.010", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/q5tjc", "authors": [ { "pk": 1631, "first_name": "Ricardo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tavares da Costa", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": "0000-0002-9621-6281" }, { "pk": 9808, "first_name": "Salvatore", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Manfreda", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7379, "first_name": "Valerio", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Luzzi", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8565, "first_name": "Caterina", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Samela", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9511, "first_name": "Paolo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mazzoli", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8369, "first_name": "Attilio", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Castellarin", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7885, "first_name": "Stefano", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bagli", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Engineering" }, { "name": "Hydraulic Engineering" }, { "name": "Hydrology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "10.1016@j.envsoft.2019.04.010.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/485/download/1046/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 486, "title": "Risk Assessment for Scientific Data", "abstract": "This is a preprint draft of the paper that was officially published in the Data Science Journal. Please quote from the published version: http://doi.org/10.5334/dsj-2020-010. Abstract: Ongoing stewardship is required to keep data collections and archives in existence. Scientific data collections may face a range of risk factors that could hinder, constrain, or limit current or future data use. Identifying such risk factors to data use is a key step in preventing or minimizing data loss. This paper presents an analysis of data risk factors that scientific data collections may face, and a data risk assessment matrix to support data risk assessments to help ameliorate those risks. The goals of this work are to inform and enable effective data risk assessment by: a) individuals and organizations who manage data collections, and b) individuals and organizations who want to help to reduce the risks associated with data preservation and stewardship. The data risk assessment framework presented in this paper provides a platform from which risk assessments can begin, and a reference point for discussions of data stewardship resource allocations and priorities.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [], "date_submitted": "2020-01-03T17:08:24+01:00", "date_accepted": "2020-01-10T00:30:29+01:00", "date_published": "2020-01-10T00:30:29+01:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.5334/dsj-2020-010", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/y8bav", "authors": [ { "pk": 648, "first_name": "Matt", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mayernik", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 649, "first_name": "Kelsey", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Breseman", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 650, "first_name": "Robert", "middle_name": "R.", "last_name": "Downs", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 651, "first_name": "Ruth", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Duerr", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 652, "first_name": "Alexis", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Garretson", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 653, "first_name": "Sophie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hou", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Library and Information Science" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Social and Behavioral Sciences" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "ESIP Data Risk Categorization Paper PREPRINT Dec2019.docx", "mime_type": "application/msword", "download_url": "/repository/object/486/download/1047/" }, { "original_filename": "ESIP Data Risk Categorization Paper submission draft Dec2019.docx", "mime_type": "application/msword", "download_url": "/repository/object/486/download/1048/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 487, "title": "Feedback between drought and deforestation in the Amazon", "abstract": "Deforestation and drought are among the greatest environmental pressures on the Amazon rainforest, possibly destabilizing the forest-climate system. Deforestation in the Amazon reduces rainfall regionally, while this deforestation itself has been reported to be facilitated by droughts. Here we quantify the interactions between drought and deforestation spatially across the Amazon during the early 21st century. First, we relate observed fluctuations in deforestation rates to dry-season intensity; second, we determine the effect of conversion of forest to cropland on evapotranspiration; and third, we simulate the subsequent downwind reductions in rainfall due to decreased atmospheric water input. We find large variability in the response of deforestation to dry-season intensity, with a significant but small average increase in deforestation rates with a more intense dry season: with every mm of water deficit, deforestation tends to increase by 0.13% per year. Deforestation, in turn, has caused an estimated 4% of the recent observed drying, with the south-western part of the Amazon being most strongly affected. Combining both effects, we quantify a reinforcing drought-deforestation feedback that is currently small, but becomes gradually stronger with cumulative deforestation. Our results suggest that global climate change, not deforestation, is the main driver of recent drying in the Amazon. However, a feedback between drought and deforestation implies that increases in either of them will impede efforts to curb both.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "land-use change" }, { "word": "Amazon rainforest" }, { "word": "atmospheric moisture recycling" }, { "word": "fire" }, { "word": "tropical forest" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-01-03T16:28:53+01:00", "date_accepted": "2020-01-09T14:48:33+01:00", "date_published": "2020-01-09T14:48:33+01:00", "doi": "http://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab738e", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/8rq4n", "authors": [ { "pk": 654, "first_name": "Arie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Staal", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6165, "first_name": "Bernardo", "middle_name": "M.", "last_name": "Flores", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 655, "first_name": "Ana", "middle_name": "Paula", "last_name": "Aguiar", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8613, "first_name": "Joyce", "middle_name": "H.C.", "last_name": "Bosmans", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8852, "first_name": "Ingo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Fetzer", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10224, "first_name": "Obbe", "middle_name": "A.", "last_name": "Tuinenburg", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Atmospheric Sciences" }, { "name": "Climate" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Hydrology" }, { "name": "Natural Resources and Conservation" }, { "name": "Natural Resources Management and Policy" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Sustainability" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Staal et al. EarthArXiv incl suppl.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/487/download/1049/" }, { "original_filename": "Staal et al. EarthArXiv incl suppl.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/487/download/1050/" }, { "original_filename": "Staal et al. 2020 EarthArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/487/download/1051/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 488, "title": "Integrated geotechnical, sedimentological and geophysical investigation of seafloor instabilities in the Gulf of Lions Western Mediterranean", "abstract": "The Gulf of Lions presents recurring mass-transport deposits (MTDs) within the Plio-Quaternary sediments suggesting a long history of mass-movements. The two large, surficial MTDs are located on the eastern and western levee of the Rhone canyon over an area exceeding 6000 km2 and volumes exceeding 100 km3. Both MTDs were emplaced 21 ka ago (peak of the Last Glacial Maximum), suggesting a common trigger. Here, we present a multidisciplinary high-resolution geophysical, sedimentological and in-situ geotechnical study of the source and deposit areas of both MTDs to characterise distinct expressions of sediment deformation as well as their spatial and chronological distributions. We show the internal structure of mass movement products with unprecedented details that were previously represented in the conventional seismic data as transparent and chaotic facies. The combination of multidisciplinary approaches shows new insights into the nature of basal surfaces of the slope failures. In particular, we show that the basal surfaces of the failures consist of clay-rich material contrasting with the overlying turbiditic deposits, suggesting that lithological heterogeneity exists within the strata. We suggest that this change in lithology between clay-rich sediments and turbiditic sequences most likely control the localisation of weak layers and landslide basal surfaces.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "submarine landslides" }, { "word": "basal surface" }, { "word": "Western Mediterranean" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-01-03T13:37:33+01:00", "date_accepted": "2020-03-03T14:06:21+01:00", "date_published": "2020-03-03T14:06:21+01:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1144/SP500-2019-175", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/3y7df", "authors": [ { "pk": 657, "first_name": "Shray", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Badhani", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 515, "first_name": "Antonio", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cattaneo", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7470, "first_name": "Stefano", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Collico", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6938, "first_name": "Roger", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Urgeles", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9569, "first_name": "Bernard", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Dennielou", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10241, "first_name": "Estelle", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Leroux", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10713, "first_name": "Florent", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Colin", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11034, "first_name": "Sebastien", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Garziglia", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11274, "first_name": "Marina", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rabineau", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11447, "first_name": "Laurence", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Droz", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Sedimentology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Badhani et al 2019 GSL.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/488/download/1052/" }, { "original_filename": "Badhani et al 2019 GSL.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/488/download/1053/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 489, "title": "Uncertainty in the response of sudden stratospheric warmings and stratosphere-troposphere coupling to quadrupled CO2 concentrations in CMIP6 models", "abstract": "Major sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs), vortex formation and final breakdown dates are key highlight points of the stratospheric polar vortex. These phenomena are relevant for stratosphere-troposphere coupling, which explains the interest in understanding their future changes. However, up to now, there is not a clear consensus on which projected changes to the polar vortex are robust, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere, possibly due to short data record or relatively moderate CO2 forcing. The new simulations performed under the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 6, together with the long daily data requirements of the DynVarMIP project in preindustrial and quadrupled CO2 (4xCO2) forcing simulations provide a new opportunity to revisit this topic by overcoming the limitations mentioned above.\r\nIn this study, we analyze this new model output to document the change, if any, in the frequency of SSWs under 4xCO2 forcing. Our analysis reveals a large disagreement across the models as to the sign of this change, even though most models show a statistically significant change. The models, however, are in good agreement as to the impact of SSWs over the North Atlantic: there is no indication of a change under 4xCO2 forcing. Over the Pacific, however, the change is more uncertain. Finally, the models show robust changes to the seasonal cycle in the stratosphere. Specifically, we find a longer duration of the stratospheric polar vortex, and thus a longer season of stratosphere-troposphere coupling.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "CMIP6" }, { "word": "Stratosphere" }, { "word": "Stratosphere-Troposphere coupling" }, { "word": "Sudden Stratospheric Warmings" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-01-03T09:51:06+01:00", "date_accepted": "2020-01-09T14:53:27+01:00", "date_published": "2020-01-09T14:53:27+01:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032345", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/jp9bx", "authors": [ { "pk": 5506, "first_name": "Blanca", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ayarzagüena", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 658, "first_name": "Andrew", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Charlton-Perez", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7519, "first_name": "Amy", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Butler", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8677, "first_name": "Peter", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hitchcock", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9592, "first_name": "Isla", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Simpson", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10259, "first_name": "Lorenzo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Polvani", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10723, "first_name": "Neal", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Butchart", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11039, "first_name": "Edwin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gerber", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10821, "first_name": "Lesley", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gray", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11451, "first_name": "Birgit", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hassler", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Atmospheric Sciences" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "SSW_CMIP6_submitted.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/489/download/1054/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/z568g", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 490, "title": "The mixology of precursory strain partitioning approaching brittle failure in rocks", "abstract": "We examine the strain accumulation and localization process throughout twelve triaxial compression experiments on six rock types deformed in an X-ray transparent apparatus. In each experiment, we acquire 50-100 tomograms of rock samples at differential stress steps during loading, revealing the evolving 3D distribution of X-ray absorption contrasts, indicative of density. Using digital volume correlation (DVC) of pairs of tomograms, we build time series of 3D incremental strain tensor fields as the rocks are deformed toward failure. The Pearson correlation coefficients between components of the local incremental strain tensor at each stress step indicate that the correlation strength between pairs of local strain components, including dilation, contraction and shear strain, are moderate-strong in eleven of twelve experiments. In addition, changes in the local strain components from one DVC calculation to the next show differences in the correlations between pairs of strain components. In particular, the correlation of the local changes in dilation and shear strain tends to be stronger than the correlation of changes in dilation-contraction and contraction-shear strain. In eleven of twelve experiments, the most volumetrically frequent mode of strain accommodation includes a synchronized increase in multiple strain components. Early in loading, under lower differential stress, the most frequent strain accumulation mode involves the paired increase in dilation and contraction at neighboring locations. Under higher differential stress, the most frequent mode is the paired increase in dilation and shear strain. This mode is also the first or second most frequent throughout each complete experiment. Tracking the mean values of the strain components in the sample and the volume of rock that each component occupies reveals fundamental differences in the nature of strain accumulation and localization between the volumetric and shear strain modes. As the dilative strain increases in magnitude throughout loading, it tends to occupy larger volumes within the rock sample and thus delocalizes. In contrast, the increasing shear strain components (left- or right-lateral) do not necessarily occupy larger volume and so involve localization. Consistent with these evolutions, the correlation length of the dilatational strains tends to increase by the largest amounts of the strain components from lower to higher differential stress. In contrast, the correlation length of the shear strains does not consistently increase or decrease with increasing differential stress.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "strain localization" }, { "word": "digital volume correlation" }, { "word": "faults" }, { "word": "fractures" }, { "word": "X-ray tomography" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-01-03T08:53:53+01:00", "date_accepted": "2020-01-08T14:03:18+01:00", "date_published": "2020-01-08T14:03:18+01:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/yhdg6", "authors": [ { "pk": 659, "first_name": "Jessica", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "McBeck", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6305, "first_name": "Yehuda", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ben-Zion", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7569, "first_name": "Francois", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Renard", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Tectonics and Structure" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "mcbeck DVC sum GJI final.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/490/download/1055/" }, { "original_filename": "mcbeck DVC sum GJI final.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/490/download/1056/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 491, "title": "Ge and Si isotope behavior during intense tropical weathering and ecosystem cycling", "abstract": "Chemical weathering of volcanic rocks in warm and humid climates contributes disproportionately to global solute fluxes. Geochemical signatures of solutes and solids formed during this process can help quantify and reconstruct volcanic weathering intensity in the past. Here, we measured silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge) isotope ratios of the soils, clays, and fluids from a tropical lowland rainforest in Costa Rica. The bulk topsoil is intensely weathered and isotopically light (mean±1σ: δ30Si = –2.1±0.3‰, δ74Ge = –0.13±0.12‰) compared to the parent bedrock (δ30Si = –0.11±0.05‰, δ74Ge = 0.59±0.07‰). Neoforming clays have even lower values (δ30Si = –2.5±0.2‰, δ74Ge = –0.16±0.09‰), demonstrating a whole-system isotopic shift in extremely weathered systems. The lowland streams represent mixing of dilute local fluids (δ30Si = 0.2 – 0.6‰, δ74Ge = 2.2 – 2.6‰) with solute-rich interbasin groundwater (δ30Si = 1.0±0.2‰, δ74Ge = 4.0‰). Using a Ge-Si isotope mass balance model, we calculate that 91±9% of Ge released via weathering of lowland soils is sequestered by neoforming clays, 9±9% by vegetation, and only 0.2±0.2% remains dissolved. In contrast, vegetation plays an important role in the Si cycle, directly sequestering 39±14% of released Si and enhancing clay neoformation in surface soils via the addition of amorphous phytolith silica. Globally, volcanic soil δ74Ge closely tracks the depletion of Ge by chemical weathering (τGe), whereas δ30Si and Ge/Si both reflect the loss of Si (τSi). Because of the different chemical mobilities of Ge and Si, a δ74Ge-δ30Si multi-proxy system is sensitive to a wider range of weathering intensities than each isotopic system in isolation.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [], "date_submitted": "2020-01-02T21:43:23+01:00", "date_accepted": "2020-01-03T09:40:24+01:00", "date_published": "2020-01-03T09:40:24+01:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GB006522", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/j5c8d", "authors": [ { "pk": 1550, "first_name": "J. Jotautas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Baronas", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-4027-3965" }, { "pk": 6322, "first_name": "A.", "middle_name": "Joshua", "last_name": "West", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7586, "first_name": "Kevin", "middle_name": "W.", "last_name": "Burton", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5733, "first_name": "Douglas", "middle_name": "E", "last_name": "Hammond", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9626, "first_name": "Sophie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Opfergelt", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10283, "first_name": "Philip", "middle_name": "A. E. Pogge", "last_name": "von Strandmann", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10738, "first_name": "Rachael", "middle_name": "H.", "last_name": "James", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11052, "first_name": "Olivier", "middle_name": "J.", "last_name": "Rouxel", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Biogeochemistry" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Baronas_2020_GeSi_LaSelva_GBC_postprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/491/download/1057/" }, { "original_filename": "Baronas_LaSelva_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/491/download/1058/" }, { "original_filename": "Baronas_LaSelva_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/491/download/1059/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/kvchn", "label": "Supplementary material" }, { "url": "https://doi.org/10.4211/hs.891fcba010e6490caa614a39d53dccec", "label": "Public data" } ] }, { "pk": 492, "title": "The Origin of Continental Carbonates in Andean Salars: A Multi-Tracer Geochemical Approach in Laguna Pastos Grandes (Bolivia)", "abstract": "In continental volcanic settings, abundant carbonate precipitation can occur with atypical facies compared to marine settings. The (bio-)chemical processes responsible for their development and early diagenesis are typically complex and not fully understood. In the Bolivian Altiplano, Laguna Pastos Grandes hosts a 40-km2 carbonate platform with a great diversity of facies and provides an ideal natural laboratory to understand the processes responsible for the precipitation of carbonates in a continental province dominated by volcanism. In order to trace the origin of both water and solutes in the lagoon, the major element and stable isotope compositions (δ2H-δ18O, δ37Cl, δ7Li, δ11B and 87Sr/86Sr) of the spring and stream waters were characterized, as well as the stable isotope compositions (δ13C, δ15N) and noble gas isotope ratios of hydrothermal gases associated with spring waters. The results show that thermal springs discharging on the carbonate platform are close to saturation with calcite. PHREEQC modeling, together with fluid geochemistry and temperature estimated from a combination of geothermometers, indicate that Ca in these springs is inherited from the alteration of the volcanic bedrock by aqueous fluids heated at ~225 °C and enriched in magmatic mantle-derived CO2. Our results clearly show that the main driver for the precipitation of modern carbonates in Laguna Pastos Grandes is the deeply sourced CO2, which boosts the alteration of volcanic rocks at depth.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Andean salars" }, { "word": "continental carbonates" }, { "word": "deep CO2" }, { "word": "multi-geochemical tracers" } ], "date_submitted": "2020-01-02T14:14:43+01:00", "date_accepted": "2020-01-03T09:39:19+01:00", "date_published": "2020-01-03T09:39:19+01:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2020.03.020", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/7huqr", "authors": [ { "pk": 660, "first_name": "Elodie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Muller", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6366, "first_name": "Eric", "middle_name": "C.", "last_name": "Gaucher", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7622, "first_name": "Christophe", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Durlet", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8767, "first_name": "Jean-Sébastien", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Moquet", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11820, "first_name": "Manuel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Moreira", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10307, "first_name": "Virgile", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rouchon", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10754, "first_name": "Pascale", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Louvat", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11065, "first_name": "Gérard", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bardoux", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11295, "first_name": "Sonia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Noirez", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11461, "first_name": "Cédric", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bougeault", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geochemistry" }, { "name": "Hydrology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Preprint-Mulleretal.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/492/download/1060/" }, { "original_filename": "PrePrint-Mulleretal.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/492/download/1061/" }, { "original_filename": "PrePrint-Mulleretal.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/492/download/1062/" }, { "original_filename": "PrePrint-Mulleretal.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/492/download/1063/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 493, "title": "Improved Accuracy of Watershed-Scale General Circulation Model Runoff Using Deep Neural Networks", "abstract": "Projecting impacts of climate change on water resources is a vital research task, and general circulation models (GCMs) are important tools for this work. However, the spatial resolution of downscaled GCMs makes them difficult to apply to non-grid conforming scales relevant to water resources management: individual watersheds. Machine learning techniques like deep neural networks (DNNs) may address this issue. Here we use a DNN to predict monthly watershed-scale runoff (i.e., stream discharge divided by watershed area) from monthly gridded and downscaled Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) GCM hydroclimatic fluxes (i.e., precipitation, evapotranspiration, and temperature). We used hydroclimatic fluxes, biotic, and abiotic characteristics from 2,731 watersheds in the conterminous United States to train and test a DNN that can predict watershed-scale runoff. The DNN described 93% (Pearson’s correlation coefficient = 0.962) of the variability in observed runoff and was temporally and spatially robust. The median absolute error (MAE) of DNN predictions was approximately 25 percentage points lower than that of gridded, downscaled GCM runoff or monthly normal runoff (i.e., 30-year average of runoff observations at the watershed-outlet). DNN monthly runoff predictions had the lowest MAE of all the grid-to-watershed-scale conversion approaches we tested, including: linear ridge regression, support vector machines, extreme gradient boosting, and artificial neural networks. We demonstrated why using DNNs to convert gridded GCM hydroclimatic fluxes to watershed-scales is relevant to water resources research and management. We also provided a methods guide for hydrologists interested in implementing machine learning techniques.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "machine learning" }, { "word": "Deep learning" }, { "word": "downscaling" }, { "word": "deep neural networks" }, { "word": "general circulation models" }, { "word": "runoff" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-12-31T19:22:27+01:00", "date_accepted": "2020-01-02T15:39:45+01:00", "date_published": "2020-01-02T15:39:45+01:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/awqjg", "authors": [ { "pk": 5541, "first_name": "Joshua", "middle_name": "S.", "last_name": "Rice", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 1577, "first_name": "Sheila", "middle_name": "M.", "last_name": "Saia", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7667, "first_name": "Ryan", "middle_name": "E.", "last_name": "Emanuel", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Hydrology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "rice_dnn_manuscript_and_si.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/493/download/1064/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 494, "title": "The first climate tipping point – Already in the past?", "abstract": "Humanity may have passed its first climate tipping point and face self-sustained melting of the permafrost for hundreds of years even if all man-made GHG emissions are stopped.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "climate" }, { "word": "tipping point" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-12-31T14:28:55+01:00", "date_accepted": "2020-01-03T13:59:31+01:00", "date_published": "2020-01-03T13:59:31+01:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/ptse2", "authors": [ { "pk": 5545, "first_name": "Jorgen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Randers", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 662, "first_name": "Ulrich", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Goluke", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Life Sciences" }, { "name": "Other Life Sciences" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "p191219 The first tipping point (Randers & Goluke for Nature).pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/494/download/1065/" }, { "original_filename": "p191219 The first tipping point (Randers & Goluke for Nature).pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/494/download/1066/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 495, "title": "Landscape variables in the Indian (Peninsular) catchments: insights into hydro-geomorphic evolution", "abstract": "The river systems in peninsular India are remained unexplored in terms of hydro-geomorphic evolution, though a few works are carried out in order to understand the tectonic and structural evolution with paleoclimate. Morphometric analysis at catchment scale delivers insights into the dynamics, erosion capacity, probability of flood occurrence, lithological and structural control, and genetic response to the tectonics. The present study aimed to characterize the hydro-geomorphic evolution of 12 major catchments in Peninsular India via morphometric analysis. A total 25 morphometric parameters were computed and several statistical analyses performed in establishing the inter-correlation and making classification of Indian rivers. The results indicated that most of the rivers in peninsular India are 7th to 9th order catchments. A high variability of the rainfall was observed in these rivers where the northern catchments experience higher amount of precipitation contrasting to the southern basins. Almost all the basins showed a moderate relief ratio, hypsometric integral, ruggedness etc. Cauvery, Baitarni, and Brahmani showed exceptionally steeper gradient, high relief ratio, LS factor, and ruggedness index which may indicate higher erosion potential. A positive association between erosion rate and hypsometric integral was observed. All these rivers were classified in three categories based on cluster analysis where the medium and large sized catchments formed different groups. Despite of the extensive data and statistical analysis, the outcomes of this study are highly general due to large scale variation in lithology and climate. In foreseeable works dealing with such morphometric variables, a higher resolution sub-catchment scale analysis would be required for a better description of the hydro-geomorphic response of these large catchments in peninsular India.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "GIS" }, { "word": "India" }, { "word": "Cluster analysis" }, { "word": "Erosion rate" }, { "word": "Hypsometric integral" }, { "word": "Morphometric analysis" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-12-29T16:47:54+01:00", "date_accepted": "2020-01-02T15:32:37+01:00", "date_published": "2020-01-02T15:32:37+01:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/hbsq2", "authors": [ { "pk": 3825, "first_name": "Sumit", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Das", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-0132-6665" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geomorphology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Morphometry Peninsular India.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/495/download/1067/" }, { "original_filename": "Morphometry Peninsular India.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/495/download/1068/" }, { "original_filename": "Morphometry Indian Rivers.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/495/download/1069/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 496, "title": "Global mean surface temperature and climate sensitivity of the EECO, PETM and latest Paleocene", "abstract": "Accurate estimates of past global mean surface temperature (GMST) help to contextualise future climate change and are required to estimate the sensitivity of the climate system to CO2 forcing during the geological record. GMST estimates from the latest Paleocene and early Eocene (~57 to 48 million years ago) span a wide range (~9 to 23°C higher than pre-industrial) and prevent an accurate assessment of climate sensitivity during this extreme greenhouse climate interval. Here, we develop a multi-method experimental framework to calculate GMST during three target intervals: 1) the latest Paleocene (~57 Ma), 2) the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (56 Ma) and 3) the early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO; 49.4 to 53.3 Ma). Using six independent methodologies, we find that average GMST estimates during the latest Paleocene and PETM are 11.7°C (± 0.6°C) and 18.7°C (± 0.8°C) higher than pre-industrial, respectively. GMST estimates from the EECO are 13.3°C (±0.5°C) warmer than pre-industrial and comparable to previous IPCC AR5 estimates (12.7°C higher than pre-industrial). Leveraging the extremely large ‘signal’ associated with these extreme warm climates, we combine estimates of GMST and CO2 from the latest Paleocene, PETM and EECO to calculate a gross estimate of the average climate sensitivity between the early Paleogene and today. This yields gross climate sensitivity estimates for the latest Paleocene, PETM and EECO which range between 2.8 to 4.8°C (66% confidence). These largely fall within the range predicted by the IPCC (1.5 to 4.5°C per doubling CO2), but appear incompatible with low values (between 1.5 and 2.8°C per doubling CO2).", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "eocene; paleocene; temperature; cliamte sensitivity; ipcc; PETM; paleocene-eocene thermal maixmum; paleoclimate; cenozoic" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-12-27T22:38:48+01:00", "date_accepted": "2020-01-02T14:51:26+01:00", "date_published": "2020-01-02T14:51:26+01:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/8527z", "authors": [ { "pk": 664, "first_name": "Gordon", "middle_name": "Neil", "last_name": "Inglis", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6444, "first_name": "Fran", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bragg", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 14244, "first_name": "Natalie", "middle_name": "J.", "last_name": "Burls", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10988, "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "J.A.", "last_name": "Evans", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9689, "first_name": "Gavin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Foster", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8461, "first_name": "Matthew", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Huber", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8384, "first_name": "Dan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lunt", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 665, "first_name": "Nicholas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Siler", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11314, "first_name": "Sebastian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Steinig", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11469, "first_name": "Richard", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wilkinson", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Inglis GMST for EarthArXiV.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/496/download/1070/" }, { "original_filename": "Inglis GMST for EarthArXiV.docx", "mime_type": "application/msword", "download_url": "/repository/object/496/download/1071/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 497, "title": "Using a consistency factor for detection and attribution of anthropogenic impacts on phenological phases in Germany", "abstract": "An important consequence of climate change is the impact on the seasonal cycle of vegetation flora and fauna. Although it is generally understood that anthropogenic mechanisms play a major role in the warming trend of the climate and that the timing of such phases, especially spring timing events, depends largely on the temperature, the link has yet to be quantitatively shown for different kind of areas on a regional scale, due to high intrinsic noise.\nIn this study, an end-to-end analysis to external forcings was carried out, linking the earlier timing of phenological spring timing events to changed climate conditions (increasing temperature) and this change in the environment to anthropogenic forcing, for the region of interest: Germany.\nBesides a large ensemble originating from six different General Circulation Models (GCMs), driven with various kinds of forcings, the E-OBS data set was used as observational reference for near-surface air temperature and the PEP725 for phenological observations. The latter contains over 100 different phenological phases, from which - after quality checking - 12 phases are evaluated.\nTo overcome the scale differences, a quantile mapping bias correction approach was used to downscale the GCM data. The generation of simulated phenological time series was done with a temperature-day-sum model, which had to be calibrated and optimised beforehand.\nThe signal-to-noise ratio was increased by generating samples of 50-year running trends, which make up the basis for the statistical evaluation. U-values from the Mann-Whitney U-Test represent the foundation, on which the null hypothesis for detection, that the observed changes can be explained with naturally forced climate conditions only, was tested. Based thereupon, a newly defined consistency factor was constructed, which allowed the assessment of anthropogenic impact on phenological phases. Observed changes in phenological phases were successfully attributed to anthropogenic impacts.", "license": { "name": "Academic Free License (AFL) 3.0", "short_name": "AFL 3.0", "text": "Academic Free License (\"AFL\") v. 3.0\r\nThis Academic Free License (the \"License\") applies to any original work of authorship (the \"Original Work\") whose owner (the \"Licensor\") has placed the following licensing notice adjacent to the copyright notice for the Original Work:\r\n\r\nLicensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0\r\n\r\n1) Grant of Copyright License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, for the duration of the copyright, to do the following:\r\n\r\na) to reproduce the Original Work in copies, either alone or as part of a collective work;\r\n\r\nb) to translate, adapt, alter, transform, modify, or arrange the Original Work, thereby creating derivative works (\"Derivative Works\") based upon the Original Work;\r\n\r\nc) to distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work and Derivative Works to the public, under any license of your choice that does not contradict the terms and conditions, including Licensor's reserved rights and remedies, in this Academic Free License;\r\n\r\nd) to perform the Original Work publicly; and\r\n\r\ne) to display the Original Work publicly.\r\n\r\n2) Grant of Patent License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, under patent claims owned or controlled by the Licensor that are embodied in the Original Work as furnished by the Licensor, for the duration of the patents, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, and import the Original Work and Derivative Works.\r\n\r\n3) Grant of Source Code License. The term \"Source Code\" means the preferred form of the Original Work for making modifications to it and all available documentation describing how to modify the Original Work. Licensor agrees to provide a machine-readable copy of the Source Code of the Original Work along with each copy of the Original Work that Licensor distributes. Licensor reserves the right to satisfy this obligation by placing a machine-readable copy of the Source Code in an information repository reasonably calculated to permit inexpensive and convenient access by You for as long as Licensor continues to distribute the Original Work.\r\n\r\n4) Exclusions From License Grant. Neither the names of Licensor, nor the names of any contributors to the Original Work, nor any of their trademarks or service marks, may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this Original Work without express prior permission of the Licensor. Except as expressly stated herein, nothing in this License grants any license to Licensor's trademarks, copyrights, patents, trade secrets or any other intellectual property. No patent license is granted to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, or import embodiments of any patent claims other than the licensed claims defined in Section 2. No license is granted to the trademarks of Licensor even if such marks are included in the Original Work. Nothing in this License shall be interpreted to prohibit Licensor from licensing under terms different from this License any Original Work that Licensor otherwise would have a right to license.\r\n\r\n5) External Deployment. The term \"External Deployment\" means the use, distribution, or communication of the Original Work or Derivative Works in any way such that the Original Work or Derivative Works may be used by anyone other than You, whether those works are distributed or communicated to those persons or made available as an application intended for use over a network. As an express condition for the grants of license hereunder, You must treat any External Deployment by You of the Original Work or a Derivative Work as a distribution under section 1(c).\r\n\r\n6) Attribution Rights. You must retain, in the Source Code of any Derivative Works that You create, all copyright, patent, or trademark notices from the Source Code of the Original Work, as well as any notices of licensing and any descriptive text identified therein as an \"Attribution Notice.\" You must cause the Source Code for any Derivative Works that You create to carry a prominent Attribution Notice reasonably calculated to inform recipients that You have modified the Original Work.\r\n\r\n7) Warranty of Provenance and Disclaimer of Warranty. Licensor warrants that the copyright in and to the Original Work and the patent rights granted herein by Licensor are owned by the Licensor or are sublicensed to You under the terms of this License with the permission of the contributor(s) of those copyrights and patent rights. Except as expressly stated in the immediately preceding sentence, the Original Work is provided under this License on an \"AS IS\" BASIS and WITHOUT WARRANTY, either express or implied, including, without limitation, the warranties of non-infringement, merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY OF THE ORIGINAL WORK IS WITH YOU. This DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY constitutes an essential part of this License. No license to the Original Work is granted by this License except under this disclaimer.\r\n\r\n8) Limitation of Liability. Under no circumstances and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, shall the Licensor be liable to anyone for any indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or the use of the Original Work including, without limitation, damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses. This limitation of liability shall not apply to the extent applicable law prohibits such limitation.\r\n\r\n9) Acceptance and Termination. If, at any time, You expressly assented to this License, that assent indicates your clear and irrevocable acceptance of this License and all of its terms and conditions. If You distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work or a Derivative Work, You must make a reasonable effort under the circumstances to obtain the express assent of recipients to the terms of this License. This License conditions your rights to undertake the activities listed in Section 1, including your right to create Derivative Works based upon the Original Work, and doing so without honoring these terms and conditions is prohibited by copyright law and international treaty. Nothing in this License is intended to affect copyright exceptions and limitations (including \"fair use\" or \"fair dealing\"). This License shall terminate immediately and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License upon your failure to honor the conditions in Section 1(c).\r\n\r\n10) Termination for Patent Action. This License shall terminate automatically and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License as of the date You commence an action, including a cross-claim or counterclaim, against Licensor or any licensee alleging that the Original Work infringes a patent. This termination provision shall not apply for an action alleging patent infringement by combinations of the Original Work with other software or hardware.\r\n\r\n11) Jurisdiction, Venue and Governing Law. Any action or suit relating to this License may be brought only in the courts of a jurisdiction wherein the Licensor resides or in which Licensor conducts its primary business, and under the laws of that jurisdiction excluding its conflict-of-law provisions. The application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is expressly excluded. Any use of the Original Work outside the scope of this License or after its termination shall be subject to the requirements and penalties of copyright or patent law in the appropriate jurisdiction. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n12) Attorneys' Fees. In any action to enforce the terms of this License or seeking damages relating thereto, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover its costs and expenses, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and costs incurred in connection with such action, including any appeal of such action. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n13) Miscellaneous. If any provision of this License is held to be unenforceable, such provision shall be reformed only to the extent necessary to make it enforceable.\r\n\r\n14) Definition of \"You\" in This License. \"You\" throughout this License, whether in upper or lower case, means an individual or a legal entity exercising rights under, and complying with all of the terms of, this License. For legal entities, \"You\" includes any entity that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with you. For purposes of this definition, \"control\" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.\r\n\r\n15) Right to Use. You may use the Original Work in all ways not otherwise restricted or conditioned by this License or by law, and Licensor promises not to interfere with or be responsible for such uses by You.\r\n\r\n16) Modification of This License. This License is Copyright © 2005 Lawrence Rosen. Permission is granted to copy, distribute, or communicate this License without modification. Nothing in this License permits You to modify this License as applied to the Original Work or to Derivative Works. However, You may modify the text of this License and copy, distribute or communicate your modified version (the \"Modified License\") and apply it to other original works of authorship subject to the following conditions: (i) You may not indicate in any way that your Modified License is the \"Academic Free License\" or \"AFL\" and you may not use those names in the name of your Modified License; (ii) You must replace the notice specified in the first paragraph above with the notice \"Licensed under <insert your license name here>\" or with a notice of your own that is not confusingly similar to the notice in this License; and (iii) You may not claim that your original works are open source software unless your Modified License has been approved by Open Source Initiative (OSI) and You comply with its license review and certification process.", "url": "http://opensource.org/licenses/AFL-3.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "climate change" }, { "word": "anthropogenic impact" }, { "word": "attribution" }, { "word": "detection" }, { "word": "phenology" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-12-27T09:57:01+01:00", "date_accepted": "2020-01-01T19:27:07+01:00", "date_published": "2020-01-01T19:27:07+01:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/ezky9", "authors": [ { "pk": 666, "first_name": "Sebastian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lehner", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6505, "first_name": "Christoph", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Matulla", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7749, "first_name": "Helfried", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Scheifinger", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Climate" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Lehner_et_al_2019_eartharxiv_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/497/download/1072/" }, { "original_filename": "Lehner_et_al_2019_eartharxiv_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/497/download/1073/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 498, "title": "Artificial and natural radionuclides in cryoconite as tracers of supraglacial dynamics", "abstract": "Cryoconite, a sediment found on the surface of glaciers, is known for its ability to accumulate radionuclides. New data on cryoconite from the Morteratsch glacier (Switzerland) are presented with the aim to shed light on the mechanisms that control the distribution of radioactivity in cryoconite. Among the many radionuclides detected in our samples, we have identified 108mAg, an artificial species which has never been observed in terrestrial environments before. This finding supports that cryoconite has an extraordinary ability to accumulate radioactivity. Our results also show that the radioactivity of cryoconite is far from uniform. Both the absolute amount of radioactivity and the relative contribution of single radionuclides is highly variable in samples from the Morteratsch glacier. To investigate the processes responsible for such variability, we have explored the correlation between radionuclides, organic and inorganic carbon fractions and the morphological features of cryoconite deposits. We have found that the degree to cryoconite is connected with supraglacial hydrology is particularly important, since it strongly influences the accumulation of radionuclides in cryoconite. Cryoconite holes connected with supraglacial channels is rich in cosmogenic 7Be; in contrast, poorly connected deposits are rich in artificial fallout radionuclides and elemental carbon. The very different half-lives of 7Be and artificial radionuclides allowed us to discuss our findings in relation to the age and maturity of cryoconite deposits, highlighting the potential use of radionuclides to investigate hydrological supraglacial processes and material cycling at the surface of glaciers.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "7Be" }, { "word": "artificial radionuclides" }, { "word": "cryoconite" }, { "word": "environmental radioactivity" }, { "word": "glacial hydrology" }, { "word": "supraglacial processes" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-12-24T15:50:48+01:00", "date_accepted": "2020-01-02T15:32:14+01:00", "date_published": "2020-01-02T15:32:14+01:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2020.104577", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/fmbny", "authors": [ { "pk": 359, "first_name": "Giovanni", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Baccolo", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6523, "first_name": "Massimiliano", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Nastasi", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7763, "first_name": "Dario", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Massabò", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8358, "first_name": "Caroline", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Clason", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9727, "first_name": "Biagio", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Di Mauro", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9974, "first_name": "Elena", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Di Stefano", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10796, "first_name": "Edyta", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Łokas", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11099, "first_name": "Paolo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Prati", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11323, "first_name": "Ezio", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Previtali", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11476, "first_name": "Nozomu", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Takeuchi", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Glaciology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Artificial and natural radionuclides in cryoconite as tracers of supraglacial dynamics.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/498/download/1074/" }, { "original_filename": "Artificial and natural radionuclides in cryoconite as tracers of supraglacial dynamics.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/498/download/1075/" }, { "original_filename": "Artificial and natural radionuclides in cryoconite as tracers of supraglacial dynamics.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/498/download/1076/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 499, "title": "Back-propagating super-shear rupture in the 2016 Mw7.1 Romanche transform fault earthquake", "abstract": "How an earthquake rupture propagates strongly influences potentially destructive ground shaking. Complex ruptures often involve slip along multiple faults, masking information on the frictional behaviour of fault zones. Geometrically smooth ocean transform fault plate boundaries offer a favourable environment to study fault dynamics, because strain is accommodated along a single, wide fault zone that offsets homogeneous geology. Here we present an analysis of the 2016 M7.1 earthquake on the Romanche fracture zone in the equatorial Atlantic, using data from both nearby seafloor seismometers and global seismic networks. We show that this rupture had two phases: (1) upward and eastward propagation towards a weaker region where the transform fault intersects the mid-ocean ridge, then (2) unusual back-propagation westwards at super-shear speed toward the centre of the fault. We suggest that deep rupture into weak fault segments facilitated greater seismic slip on shallow locked zones. This highlights that even earthquakes along a single distinct fault zone can be highly dynamic. Observations of back-propagating ruptures are sparse, and the possibility of reverse propagation is largely absent in rupture simulations and unaccounted for in hazard assessments.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Seismology" }, { "word": "earthquake" }, { "word": "Transform faults" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-12-24T11:01:26+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-12-26T02:27:04+01:00", "date_published": "2019-12-26T02:27:04+01:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-020-0619-9", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/bs7na", "authors": [ { "pk": 4798, "first_name": "Stephen", "middle_name": "Paul", "last_name": "Hicks", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-7476-3284" }, { "pk": 1644, "first_name": "Ryo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Okuwaki", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0001-7149-4763" }, { "pk": 7802, "first_name": "Andreas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Steinberg", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8923, "first_name": "Catherine", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rychert", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6479, "first_name": "Nicholas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Harmon", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0002-0731-768X" }, { "pk": 6676, "first_name": "Rachel", "middle_name": "E.", "last_name": "Abercrombie", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10814, "first_name": "Petros", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bogiaztis", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11116, "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Schlaphorst", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6066, "first_name": "Jiri", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zahradnik", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 16863, "first_name": "John-Michael", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kendall", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Tectonics and Structure" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "2016_Romanche_rupture_paper_SHicks_combinedMS-SUPP.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/499/download/1077/" }, { "original_filename": "2016_Romanche_rupture_paper_SHicks_combinedMS-SUPP.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/499/download/1078/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41561-020-0619-9", "label": "Public data" } ] }, { "pk": 500, "title": "Fault-zone damage promotes pulse-like rupture and back-propagating fronts via quasi-static effects", "abstract": "Damage zones are ubiquitous components of faults that may affect earthquake rupture.\r\nSimulations show that pulse-like rupture can be induced by the dynamic effect of waves reflected by sharp fault zone boundaries. Here we show that pulses can appear in a highly damaged fault zone even in the absence of reflected waves. We use quasi-static scaling arguments and quasi-dynamic earthquake cycle simulations to show that a crack turns into a pulse after the rupture has grown larger than the fault zone thickness. Accompanying the pulses, we find complex rupture patterns involving back-propagating fronts that emerge from the primary rupture front. Our model provides a mechanism for back-propagating fronts recently observed during large earthquakes. Moreover, we find that slow-slip simulations in a highly-compliant fault zone also produce back-propagating fronts, suggesting a new mechanism for the rapid-tremor-reversals observed in Cascadia and Japan.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [], "date_submitted": "2019-12-22T21:41:09+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-12-26T02:22:36+01:00", "date_published": "2019-12-26T02:22:36+01:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL090736", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/v8xr2", "authors": [ { "pk": 4337, "first_name": "Benjamin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Idini", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 1567, "first_name": "Jean Paul", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ampuero", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-4827-7987" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "LVFZ_Manuscript.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/500/download/1079/" }, { "original_filename": "LVFZ_Manuscript.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/500/download/6448/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/mhk5d", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 501, "title": "Single-blind test of airplane-based hyperspectral methane detection via controlled releases", "abstract": "Methane leakage from point sources in the oil and gas industry is a major contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions. The majority of such emissions come from a small fraction of ``super-emitting\" sources. We evaluate the emission detection and quantification capabilities of Kairos Aerospace’s airplane-based hyperspectral imaging methane emission detection system for methane fluxes of 18 to 1,025 kilograms per hour of methane (kgh($CH_4$)). In blinded controlled releases of methane conducted over four days in San Joaquin County, California, USA, Kairos detected 182 of 200 valid nonzero releases, including all 173 over 15 kgh($CH_4$) per meter per second (mps) of wind and none of the 12 nonzero releases below 8.3 kgh($CH_4$)/mps. 9 of the 26 releases in the partial detection range of 5 to 15 kgh($CH_4$)/mps were detected. There were no false positives: Kairos did not detect methane during any of the 21 negative controls. Plume quantification accuracy depends on the wind measurement technique, with a parity slope of 1.15 ($\\sigma$=0.037, $R^2$=0.84, N=185) using a cup-based wind meter and 1.45 ($\\sigma$=0.059, $R^2$=0.80, N=157) using an ultrasonic anemometer. Performance is comparable even with only modeled wind data. For emissions above 15 kgh/mps, quantification error scales as roughly 30-40\\% of emission size, even when using wind reanalysis data instead of ground-based measurements. This reflects both uncertainty in wind measurements and in Kairos' estimates. These findings suggest that at 2 mps winds under favorable environmental conditions in the US, Kairos could detect and quantify over 50\\% of total emissions by identifying super-emitting sources.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "remote sensing" }, { "word": "Hyperspectral Imaging" }, { "word": "methane leakage" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-12-21T00:52:34+01:00", "date_accepted": "2020-01-08T13:56:37+01:00", "date_published": "2020-01-08T13:56:37+01:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2021.00063", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/bqktv", "authors": [ { "pk": 4013, "first_name": "Evan", "middle_name": "David", "last_name": "Sherwin", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0003-2180-4297" }, { "pk": 1546, "first_name": "Yuanlei", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chen", "salutation": "Ms", "orcid": "0000-0002-4341-2414" }, { "pk": 2014, "first_name": "Arvind", "middle_name": "P", "last_name": "Ravikumar", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": "0000-0001-8385-6573" }, { "pk": 8089, "first_name": "Adam", "middle_name": "R", "last_name": "Brandt", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0002-2528-1473" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Education" }, { "name": "Engineering" }, { "name": "Other Engineering" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Sherwin Chen et al 2020.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/501/download/1080/" }, { "original_filename": "Kairos manuscript 01142020b.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/501/download/1081/" }, { "original_filename": "Kairos manuscript 01072019c.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/501/download/1082/" }, { "original_filename": "Kairos manuscript 12202019i.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/501/download/1083/" }, { "original_filename": "Sherwin Chen et al 2021.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/501/download/10091/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/ckj24", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 544, "title": "Wind-driven evolution of the North Pacific subpolar gyre over the last deglaciation", "abstract": "North Pacific atmospheric and oceanic circulations are key missing pieces in our understanding of the reorganisation of the global climate system since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Here, using a basin-wide compilation of planktic foraminiferal oxygen isotopes, we show that the North Pacific subpolar gyre extended ~3° further south during the LGM, consistent with sea surface temperature and productivity proxy data. Analysis of an ensemble of climate models indicates that the expansion of the subpolar gyre was associated with a substantial gyre strengthening. These gyre circulation changes were driven by a southward shift in the mid-latitude westerlies and increased wind-stress from the polar easterlies. Using single-forcing model runs, we show these atmospheric circulation changes are a non-linear response to the combined topographic and albedo effects of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Our reconstruction suggests the gyre boundary (and thus westerly winds) began to migrate northward at ~17-16 ka, during Heinrich Stadial 1.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "climate models" }, { "word": "oxygen isotopes" }, { "word": "deglaciation" }, { "word": "gyre circulation" }, { "word": "North Pacific" }, { "word": "westerlies" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-11-22T00:15:49+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-11-27T05:58:26+01:00", "date_published": "2019-11-27T05:58:26+01:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL086328", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/jm7vx", "authors": [ { "pk": 2095, "first_name": "William", "middle_name": "Robert", "last_name": "Gray", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0001-5608-7836" }, { "pk": 739, "first_name": "Robert", "middle_name": "C.", "last_name": "Jnglin Wills", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7653, "first_name": "James", "middle_name": "W.B.", "last_name": "Rae", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8793, "first_name": "Andrea", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Burke", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9668, "first_name": "Ruza", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ivanovic", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10322, "first_name": "William", "middle_name": "H.G.", "last_name": "Roberts", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10765, "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ferreira", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8910, "first_name": "Paul", "middle_name": "J", "last_name": "Valdes", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Climate" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "deglacial_stg_spgv3_3_sub_ed1_revisedv2_submit2_merge_earthrxiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/544/download/1180/" }, { "original_filename": "deglacial_stg_spgv3_3_sub_ed1_revisedv2_submit2_merge_earthrxiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/544/download/1181/" }, { "original_filename": "Gray2020_EarthArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/544/download/4203/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 503, "title": "Paleotsunami record of the past 4300 years in the complex coastal lake system of Lake Cucao, Chiloé Island, south central Chile", "abstract": "In CE 1960, Lake Cucao on Chiloé Island in south central Chile was inundated by the tsunami of the Great Chilean Earthquake (Mw 9.5). The area of what is now the lake basin has been submerged since the end of the rapid postglacial sea-level rise and has recorded tsunami inundations in its sediment record since then. This study reconstructs the tsunami history of Lake Cucao. Reflection-seismic profiles and side scan sonar data of the lake reveal a tidal delta with a crosscutting channel, which controls the sedimentary environment in the coast-facing part of Lake Cucao. The convergent pattern of seismic reflections near this channel indicates that tidal currents were active in the lake at least episodically since the formation of a major unconformity with strong reflection amplitude, which records the onset of lacustrine sedimentation. A radiocarbon date at the base of one of the 21 collected sediment cores dates this reflector to ~3800 years BP. Little net vertical displacement (≤ 2 m) in combination with an outlet river channel that can act as a pathway for sediment transport appears to have maintained the sensitivity of Lake Cucao to record tsunami inundation. The sedimentary record contains 15 clastic layers which are interpreted as tsunami deposits. The confidence level on the tsunami interpretation depends on five site-specific criteria, which are: (i) high magnetic susceptibility of the sediment indicating high clastic content, (ii) cross core correlation indicating widespread deposition, (iii) acoustic reflector correlation to the sedimentary record (also indicating widespread deposition), (iv) presence of mud clasts, and (v) age correlation to known paleotsunamis in the area. In this way, eight clastic layers are interpreted as tsunami deposits with a high confidence level, five with a medium confidence level and two with a relatively low confidence level. This study adds a long paleotsunami record on a coastline where extreme tsunamis occur frequently and where long (>2000 years) paleotsunami records are still sparse.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public\r\nLicenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change\r\nfree software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.\r\n\r\n This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some\r\nspecially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the\r\nFree Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You\r\ncan use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether\r\nthis license or the ordinary General Public License is the better\r\nstrategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.\r\n\r\n When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,\r\nnot price. 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Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "coastal sediment dynamics." }, { "word": "lacustrine sediments" }, { "word": "south central Chile" }, { "word": "sub-bottom profiles" }, { "word": "Tsunami deposits" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-12-20T15:53:15+01:00", "date_accepted": "2020-01-08T13:51:11+01:00", "date_published": "2020-01-08T13:51:11+01:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2020.105644", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/egpfn", "authors": [ { "pk": 675, "first_name": "Philipp", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kempf", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6671, "first_name": "Jasper", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Moernaut", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 676, "first_name": "Maarten", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Van Daele", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9011, "first_name": "Mario", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pino", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 677, "first_name": "Roberto", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Urrutia", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10426, "first_name": "Marc", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "De Batist", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Sedimentology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Kempf_et_al_peer_reviewed_pre-print.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/503/download/1085/" }, { "original_filename": "Kempf_et_al_pre_peer_review.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/503/download/1086/" }, { "original_filename": "Kempf_et_al_pre_peer_review.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/503/download/1087/" }, { "original_filename": "Kempf_et_al_pre_peer_review.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/503/download/1088/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 504, "title": "Goal-Oriented Error Estimation and Mesh Adaptation for Shallow Water Modelling", "abstract": "Numerical modelling frequently involves a diagnostic quantity of interest (QoI) - often of greater importance than the PDE solution - which we seek to accurately approximate. In the case of coastal ocean modelling the power output of a tidal turbine farm is one such example. Goal-oriented error estimation and mesh adaptation can be used to provide meshes which are well-suited to achieving this goal, using fewer computational resources than required by other methods, such as uniform refinement.\n\nA mixed discontinuous/continuous Galerkin approach is applied to solve the nonlinear shallow water equations within the Thetis coastal ocean finite element model. An implementation of goal-oriented mesh adaptation is outlined, including an error estimate which takes account of the discontinuities in the discrete solution and a method for approximating the adjoint error. Results are presented for simulations of two model tidal farm configurations. Convergence analysis indicates that the anisotropic goal-oriented adaptation strategy yields meshes which permit accurate QoI estimation using fewer computational resources than uniform refinement.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). 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Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Discontinuous Galerkin" }, { "word": "Adjoint methods" }, { "word": "Firedrake" }, { "word": "Mesh adaptation" }, { "word": "Tidal turbine modelling" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-12-19T10:17:01+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-12-31T13:45:00+01:00", "date_published": "2019-12-31T13:45:00+01:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-2745-9", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/cs4we", "authors": [ { "pk": 1746, "first_name": "Joseph", "middle_name": "Gregory", "last_name": "Wallwork", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": "0000-0002-3646-091X" }, { "pk": 6106, "first_name": "Nicolas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Barral", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0003-2079-5819" }, { "pk": 6451, "first_name": "Stephan", "middle_name": "C", "last_name": "Kramer", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7403, "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "A", "last_name": "Ham", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0001-9545-9110" }, { "pk": 152, "first_name": "Matthew", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Piggott", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Applied Mathematics" }, { "name": "Computer Sciences" }, { "name": "Engineering" }, { "name": "Non-linear Dynamics" }, { "name": "Numerical Analysis and Computation" }, { "name": "Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing" }, { "name": "Partial Differential Equations" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "goal_oriented_shallow_water.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/504/download/1089/" }, { "original_filename": "admos_paper_arxiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/504/download/1090/" }, { "original_filename": "admos_paper_arxiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/504/download/1091/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 505, "title": "Seismic reflection data reveal the 3D structure of the newly discovered Exmouth Dyke Swarm, offshore NW Australia", "abstract": "Dyke swarms are common on Earth and other planetary bodies, comprising arrays of dykes that can extend laterally for 10’s to 1000’s of kilometres. The vast extent of such dyke swarms, and their presumed rapid emplacement, means they can significantly influence a variety of planetary processes, including continental break-up, crustal extension, resource accumulation, and volcanism. Determining the mechanisms driving dyke swarm emplacement is thus critical to a range of Earth Science disciplines. However, unravelling dyke swarm emplacement mechanics relies on constraining their 3D structure, which is difficult given we typically cannot access their subsurface geometry at a sufficiently high enough resolution. Here we use high-quality seismic reflection data to identify and examine the 3D geometry of the newly discovered Exmouth Dyke Swarm, and associated structures (i.e. dyke-induced normal faults and pit craters). Dykes are expressed in our seismic reflection data as ~335–68 m wide, vertical zones of disruption (VZD), in which stratal reflections are dimmed and/or deflected from sub-horizontal. Borehole data reveal one ~130 m wide VZD corresponds to an ~18 m thick, mafic dyke, highlighting that the true geometry of the inferred dykes may not be fully captured by their seismic expression. The Late Jurassic dyke swarm is located on the Gascoyne Margin, offshore NW Australia and contains numerous dykes that extend laterally for >170 km, potentially up to >500 km, with spacings typically <10 km. Although limitations in data quality and resolution restrict mapping of the dykes at depth, our data show they likely have heights of at least ~3.5 km. The mapped dykes are distributed radially across a ~39° wide arc centred on the Cuvier Margin; we infer this focal area marks the source of the dyke swarm. We demonstrate seismic reflection data provides unique opportunities to map and quantify dyke swarms in 3D. Because of this, we can now: (i) recognise dyke swarms across continental margins worldwide and incorporate them into models of basin evolution and fluid flow; (ii) test previous models and hypotheses concerning the 3D structure of dyke swarms; (iii) reveal how dyke-induced normal faults and pit craters relate to dyking; and (iv) unravel how dyking translates into surface deformation.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Australia" }, { "word": "seismic" }, { "word": "Fault" }, { "word": "dyke swarm" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-12-18T18:57:31+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-12-26T02:34:28+01:00", "date_published": "2019-12-26T02:34:28+01:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-579-2020", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/pxtae", "authors": [ { "pk": 1608, "first_name": "Craig", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Magee", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0001-9836-2365" }, { "pk": 1573, "first_name": "Christopher", "middle_name": "Aiden-Lee", "last_name": "Jackson", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": "0000-0002-8592-9032" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "EarthArXiv_Magee & Jackson - Exmouth Dyke Swarm_v2-compressed.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/505/download/1092/" }, { "original_filename": "EarthArXiv_Magee & Jackson. - Exmouth Dyke Swarm.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/505/download/1093/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/r2hwf", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 507, "title": "Effects of aseismic ridge subduction on geochemistry of frontal arc magmas", "abstract": "Aseismic ridge subduction is considered to exert major controls on volcanic activity, formation of porphyry Cu-Au deposits and the generation of juvenile Earth’s crust. Yet, there are almost no studies that have addressed in a systematic way the effects of this process on the geochemistry of arc magmas. Here we explore the role of the subducted aseismic Carnegie ridge on modulating frontal arc magma chemistry in the Ecuadorian-southernmost Colombian frontal arc. We show the occurrence of symmetric changes of several geochemical indices (Th, Nd, Sm, Nb, Th/La, Ba/Th) and evolutionary paths (Na2O-SiO2 correlations) in frontal volcanic arc rocks with respect to the equatorial latitude and thus to the projection of the crest of the subducting Carnegie ridge at the frontal arc. We explore the systematic along-arc changes of these geochemical indices through geochemical modelling using a Monte Carlo approach, and conclude that the trends are primarily controlled by intracrustal processes. In particular we argue that magmatic systems associated with the central part of the Ecuadorian volcanic arc evolve, through hot zone type processes such as fractionation, partial melting and mixing, at average greater depths than those in the northern and southern sides. We speculate that this is due to a systematic latitudinal change in the crustal stress regime within the overriding plate induced by the subduction of the Carnegie ridge.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. 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If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [], "date_submitted": "2019-12-13T16:14:16+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-12-13T16:57:07+01:00", "date_published": "2019-12-13T16:57:07+01:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2019.115984", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/w4sxp", "authors": [ { "pk": 289, "first_name": "Massimo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chiaradia", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geochemistry" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Aseismic ridge subduction effects of frontal arc magmas.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/507/download/1097/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 508, "title": "Policy Bridge: Air Quality Impacts from Oil and Natural Gas Development in Colorado", "abstract": "The rise of hydraulic fracturing techniques has fostered rapid growth of oil and natural gas extraction in areas across the United States. In the Denver-Julesburg Basin (DJB), which mostly overlaps with Weld County in the Northern Colorado Front Range (NCFR) north of the City of Denver Metropolitan Area (DMA), the well drilling has increasingly approached, and in many instances moved into urban residential areas. During the same time, the region has also experienced steady population growth. The DMA – NCFR has been in exceedance of the ozone U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) and was designated a non-attainment area of the standard in 2007. Despite State efforts to curb precursors, ozone has consistently remained above the standard. A growing number of atmospheric studies has provided an ever increasing body of literature for assessing influences from O&NG industry emissions on air quality in the DMA-NCFR. This paper provides 1. An overview of available literature on O&NG influences on the regional air quality, 2. A summary of the pertinent findings presented in these works, 3. An assessment of the most important pollutants and air quality impacts, 4. Identification of knowledge and monitoring gaps, and 5. Recommendations for future research and policy.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. 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Groundwater OM concentration and composition is altered by biodegradation and sorption to minerals. In the saturated zone of an aquifer, dissolved organic matter (DOM) may represent a significant fraction of the natural groundwater dissolved organic carbon (DOC) pool, therefore understanding how mineral sorption influences OM will contribute to our understanding of how DOC is processed in groundwater. In this study we investigate the dominant fractions of natural DOC in groundwater and the extent of sorption on three common minerals found in the environment: iron-oxide coated sand, calcite and quartz sand. DOM sorption on these minerals was studied using groundwaters from three different geological environments in New South Wales, Australia: Anna Bay (quartz-sand coastal aquifer); Maules Creek (alluvial gravel and clay aquifer); and Wellington (alluvial karst limestone aquifer). Each groundwater and surface sample were characterised before and after sorption using size exclusion liquid chromatography with organic carbon detection (LC-OCD). Analysis revealed that humic substances (HS) are the dominant (13 – 70%) fraction of natural groundwater DOC. HS sorption on iron-oxide coated sand was higher than that on calcite and quartz sand, respectively while sorption on the calcite was also higher than on quartz sand. In shallow-sandy aquifer groundwater, due to less DOC sorption in sandy environment (Anna Bay), DOC concentration was found to be the highest compared to that from karst and other alluvial boreholes from Maules Creek and Wellington. HS sorption increases with the mineral mass and DOC concentration indicating that DOC sorption to the mineral surface did not reach saturation under the study conditions. Only the high-DOC alluvial groundwater produced significant sorption to each mineral phase and of the chemical fractions present (85% of 72 batch systems that HS sorption was found). \nMultiple linear regression showed that mineral mass, mineral type, depth of groundwater sample, DOC concentration, aqueous Fe2+ concentration and DOM aromaticity are the controlling factors of DOC sorption in the various groundwater environments. The regression analysis showed sorption decreases with depth, which could be because of DOC sorption along the groundwater flow path, resulting in less DOC at depth. The multiple linear regression predicts less DOC (HS) sorption in quartz sand system, agreeing with laboratory sorption results. HS sorption also correlated with aromaticity suggesting the chemical character of HS will control the degree of mineral sorption. 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Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "DOC fractions" }, { "word": "Groundwater DOC" }, { "word": "LC-OCD" }, { "word": "Sorption" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-12-11T06:26:04+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-12-13T06:55:41+01:00", "date_published": "2019-12-13T06:55:41+01:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/ue86w", "authors": [ { "pk": 4226, "first_name": "Phetdala", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "OUDONE", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 682, "first_name": "Helen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rutlidge", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11522, "first_name": "Martin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Andersen", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9970, "first_name": "Denis", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "O'Carroll", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 683, "first_name": "Soshan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cheong", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11630, "first_name": "Karina", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Meredith", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 4214, "first_name": "Liza", "middle_name": "Kathleen", "last_name": "McDonough", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11726, "first_name": "Christopher", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Marjo", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5173, "first_name": "Andy", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Baker", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": "0000-0002-1552-6166" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Other Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Characterisation and controls on mineral-sorbed organic matter.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/509/download/1099/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 510, "title": "Reframing Lake Geneva ecological trajectory in a context of multiple but asynchronous drivers", "abstract": "There are no doubts long-term observatories provide unique insight on ecosystems trajectories. Can we use earliest data to set restoration goals? We take the example of Lake Geneva, for which descriptions of the ecosystem are available for as soon as the late 19th and early 20th century. Forel writes about how the luxuriant growth of plant communities provided important habitat for aquatic animals, as well as trapping nutrients and affecting water currents. It can be hard to believe Forel is referring to the same lake as present-day Lake Geneva; however, without continuous monitoring, this qualitative description can hardly be compared to recent observations. We resorted to paleolimnology to quantify the changes in plankton communities, as a proxy of general ecological changes, over the past 1,500 years. Our results show that from 563 AD (beginning of the record) to the 20th century, the cladoceran assemblage remained stable, despite important amplitude of climate variability (3°C). Trajectory of Lake Geneva shifted for the first time in 1946. Online dynamic linear models revealed the following transition, in 1958-1961, transition was critical, i.e., the ecosystem changed state. Littoral associated species were totally lost, and the assemblage is now dominated by pelagic species. The shift took place around the beginning of the long-term monitoring program, when local perturbations (eutrophication) were escalading. Our result raises the vexing observation that the historical dataset, one of the longest records in the world, may not provide a baseline for Lake Geneva’s condition.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). 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If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "paleoecology" }, { "word": "resilience" }, { "word": "climate warming" }, { "word": "interactive carryover" }, { "word": "lake" }, { "word": "temporal ecology" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-12-10T22:05:31+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-12-13T06:56:03+01:00", "date_published": "2019-12-13T06:56:03+01:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/j8up3", "authors": [ { "pk": 621, "first_name": "Rosalie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bruel", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 1692, "first_name": "Stéphanie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Girardclos", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8030, "first_name": "Aldo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Marchetto", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5179, "first_name": "Katrina", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kremer", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9904, "first_name": "Christian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Crouzet", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10480, "first_name": "Jean-Louis", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Reyss", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 107, "first_name": "Pierre", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sabatier", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11165, "first_name": "Marie-Elodie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Perga", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology" }, { "name": "Life Sciences" }, { "name": "Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Bruel_etal_earthArXiv_main.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/510/download/1100/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 511, "title": "Detection Uncertainty Matters for Understanding Atmospheric Rivers", "abstract": "The 3rd ARTMIP Workshop\r\nWhat: Over 30 participants from multiple universities and research insititutions\r\nmet to discuss new results from the Atmospheric River Tracking\r\nMethod Intercomparison Project.\r\nWhere: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, USA\r\nWhen: 16-18 October 2019", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "uncertainty" }, { "word": "ARTMIP" }, { "word": "atmospheric river" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-12-10T20:13:55+01:00", "date_accepted": "2020-01-02T14:52:17+01:00", "date_published": "2020-01-02T14:52:17+01:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0348.1", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/ftwgm", "authors": [ { "pk": 689, "first_name": "Travis", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "O'Brien", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6830, "first_name": "Ashley", "middle_name": "E.", "last_name": "Payne", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8063, "first_name": "Christine", "middle_name": "A.", "last_name": "Shields", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9130, "first_name": "Jonathan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rutz", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9925, "first_name": "Swen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Brands", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10493, "first_name": "Christopher", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Castellano", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10888, "first_name": "Jiayi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chen", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11169, "first_name": "William", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cleveland", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11376, "first_name": "Michael", "middle_name": "J.", "last_name": "DeFlorio", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5843, "first_name": "Naomi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Goldenson", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0003-0656-4168" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Atmospheric Sciences" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "obrien_bams_summary_10Dec2019.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/511/download/1101/" }, { "original_filename": "obrien_bams_summary_10Dec2019.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/511/download/1102/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 512, "title": "Scheduling of Twin Telescopes and the Impact on Troposphere and UT1 Estimation", "abstract": "Recently, several VGOS twin telescopes in\nEurope were completed. We examine the use of VGOS\ntwin telescopes by a new scheduling approach. This ap-\nproach is based on integer linear programming and cre-\nates uniform distributed observations over time. Sev-\neral VLBI intensive sessions are rescheduled involving\nthe VGOS twin telescopes and the impact on the tropo-\nsphere and UT1 estimation is investigated.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Simulation" }, { "word": "Atmospheric Turbulence" }, { "word": "Global Optimization" }, { "word": "Scheduling" }, { "word": "VGOS Twin Telescopes" }, { "word": "VLBI Intensive Sessions" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-12-10T16:19:33+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-12-13T16:55:29+01:00", "date_published": "2019-12-13T16:55:29+01:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/q4snz", "authors": [ { "pk": 690, "first_name": "Armin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Corbin", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6865, "first_name": "Rüdiger", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Haas", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Engineering" }, { "name": "Other Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Corbin_EVGA_2019_proceedings.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/512/download/1103/" }, { "original_filename": "Corbin_EVGA_2019_proceedings.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/512/download/1104/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 513, "title": "Fluid surface coverage showing the controls of rock mineralogy on the wetting state", "abstract": "The wetting state is an important control on flow in subsurface multi fluid phase systems, e.g., carbon storage and oil production. Advances in X-ray imaging allow us to characterise the wetting state using imagery of fluid arrangement within the pores of rocks. We derived a model from equilibrium thermodynamics relating fluid coverage of rock surfaces to wettability and fluid saturation. The model reproduces the behaviour measured in a water-wet, nearly all-quartz, Bentheimer sandstone imaged during steady-state imbibition. A shift in fluid surface coverage is observed when the rock is altered to a new wetting state with crude oil. In two multi-mineralogical (Berea) samples, one water-wet and the other altered with crude oil, the analysis of fluid surface coverage after imbibition revealed mineral specific wetting preferences only in the altered system. Clays and calcite preferentially alter to an oil wet state, leading to mixed wettability in the rock.", "license": { "name": "Academic Free License (AFL) 3.0", "short_name": "AFL 3.0", "text": "Academic Free License (\"AFL\") v. 3.0\r\nThis Academic Free License (the \"License\") applies to any original work of authorship (the \"Original Work\") whose owner (the \"Licensor\") has placed the following licensing notice adjacent to the copyright notice for the Original Work:\r\n\r\nLicensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0\r\n\r\n1) Grant of Copyright License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, for the duration of the copyright, to do the following:\r\n\r\na) to reproduce the Original Work in copies, either alone or as part of a collective work;\r\n\r\nb) to translate, adapt, alter, transform, modify, or arrange the Original Work, thereby creating derivative works (\"Derivative Works\") based upon the Original Work;\r\n\r\nc) to distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work and Derivative Works to the public, under any license of your choice that does not contradict the terms and conditions, including Licensor's reserved rights and remedies, in this Academic Free License;\r\n\r\nd) to perform the Original Work publicly; and\r\n\r\ne) to display the Original Work publicly.\r\n\r\n2) Grant of Patent License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, under patent claims owned or controlled by the Licensor that are embodied in the Original Work as furnished by the Licensor, for the duration of the patents, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, and import the Original Work and Derivative Works.\r\n\r\n3) Grant of Source Code License. The term \"Source Code\" means the preferred form of the Original Work for making modifications to it and all available documentation describing how to modify the Original Work. Licensor agrees to provide a machine-readable copy of the Source Code of the Original Work along with each copy of the Original Work that Licensor distributes. Licensor reserves the right to satisfy this obligation by placing a machine-readable copy of the Source Code in an information repository reasonably calculated to permit inexpensive and convenient access by You for as long as Licensor continues to distribute the Original Work.\r\n\r\n4) Exclusions From License Grant. Neither the names of Licensor, nor the names of any contributors to the Original Work, nor any of their trademarks or service marks, may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this Original Work without express prior permission of the Licensor. Except as expressly stated herein, nothing in this License grants any license to Licensor's trademarks, copyrights, patents, trade secrets or any other intellectual property. No patent license is granted to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, or import embodiments of any patent claims other than the licensed claims defined in Section 2. No license is granted to the trademarks of Licensor even if such marks are included in the Original Work. Nothing in this License shall be interpreted to prohibit Licensor from licensing under terms different from this License any Original Work that Licensor otherwise would have a right to license.\r\n\r\n5) External Deployment. The term \"External Deployment\" means the use, distribution, or communication of the Original Work or Derivative Works in any way such that the Original Work or Derivative Works may be used by anyone other than You, whether those works are distributed or communicated to those persons or made available as an application intended for use over a network. As an express condition for the grants of license hereunder, You must treat any External Deployment by You of the Original Work or a Derivative Work as a distribution under section 1(c).\r\n\r\n6) Attribution Rights. You must retain, in the Source Code of any Derivative Works that You create, all copyright, patent, or trademark notices from the Source Code of the Original Work, as well as any notices of licensing and any descriptive text identified therein as an \"Attribution Notice.\" You must cause the Source Code for any Derivative Works that You create to carry a prominent Attribution Notice reasonably calculated to inform recipients that You have modified the Original Work.\r\n\r\n7) Warranty of Provenance and Disclaimer of Warranty. Licensor warrants that the copyright in and to the Original Work and the patent rights granted herein by Licensor are owned by the Licensor or are sublicensed to You under the terms of this License with the permission of the contributor(s) of those copyrights and patent rights. Except as expressly stated in the immediately preceding sentence, the Original Work is provided under this License on an \"AS IS\" BASIS and WITHOUT WARRANTY, either express or implied, including, without limitation, the warranties of non-infringement, merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY OF THE ORIGINAL WORK IS WITH YOU. This DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY constitutes an essential part of this License. No license to the Original Work is granted by this License except under this disclaimer.\r\n\r\n8) Limitation of Liability. Under no circumstances and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, shall the Licensor be liable to anyone for any indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or the use of the Original Work including, without limitation, damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses. This limitation of liability shall not apply to the extent applicable law prohibits such limitation.\r\n\r\n9) Acceptance and Termination. If, at any time, You expressly assented to this License, that assent indicates your clear and irrevocable acceptance of this License and all of its terms and conditions. If You distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work or a Derivative Work, You must make a reasonable effort under the circumstances to obtain the express assent of recipients to the terms of this License. This License conditions your rights to undertake the activities listed in Section 1, including your right to create Derivative Works based upon the Original Work, and doing so without honoring these terms and conditions is prohibited by copyright law and international treaty. Nothing in this License is intended to affect copyright exceptions and limitations (including \"fair use\" or \"fair dealing\"). This License shall terminate immediately and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License upon your failure to honor the conditions in Section 1(c).\r\n\r\n10) Termination for Patent Action. This License shall terminate automatically and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License as of the date You commence an action, including a cross-claim or counterclaim, against Licensor or any licensee alleging that the Original Work infringes a patent. This termination provision shall not apply for an action alleging patent infringement by combinations of the Original Work with other software or hardware.\r\n\r\n11) Jurisdiction, Venue and Governing Law. Any action or suit relating to this License may be brought only in the courts of a jurisdiction wherein the Licensor resides or in which Licensor conducts its primary business, and under the laws of that jurisdiction excluding its conflict-of-law provisions. The application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is expressly excluded. Any use of the Original Work outside the scope of this License or after its termination shall be subject to the requirements and penalties of copyright or patent law in the appropriate jurisdiction. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n12) Attorneys' Fees. In any action to enforce the terms of this License or seeking damages relating thereto, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover its costs and expenses, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and costs incurred in connection with such action, including any appeal of such action. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n13) Miscellaneous. If any provision of this License is held to be unenforceable, such provision shall be reformed only to the extent necessary to make it enforceable.\r\n\r\n14) Definition of \"You\" in This License. \"You\" throughout this License, whether in upper or lower case, means an individual or a legal entity exercising rights under, and complying with all of the terms of, this License. For legal entities, \"You\" includes any entity that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with you. For purposes of this definition, \"control\" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.\r\n\r\n15) Right to Use. You may use the Original Work in all ways not otherwise restricted or conditioned by this License or by law, and Licensor promises not to interfere with or be responsible for such uses by You.\r\n\r\n16) Modification of This License. This License is Copyright © 2005 Lawrence Rosen. Permission is granted to copy, distribute, or communicate this License without modification. Nothing in this License permits You to modify this License as applied to the Original Work or to Derivative Works. However, You may modify the text of this License and copy, distribute or communicate your modified version (the \"Modified License\") and apply it to other original works of authorship subject to the following conditions: (i) You may not indicate in any way that your Modified License is the \"Academic Free License\" or \"AFL\" and you may not use those names in the name of your Modified License; (ii) You must replace the notice specified in the first paragraph above with the notice \"Licensed under <insert your license name here>\" or with a notice of your own that is not confusingly similar to the notice in this License; and (iii) You may not claim that your original works are open source software unless your Modified License has been approved by Open Source Initiative (OSI) and You comply with its license review and certification process.", "url": "http://opensource.org/licenses/AFL-3.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "wettability" }, { "word": "fluid surface coverage" }, { "word": "mineralogy" }, { "word": "wettability alteration" }, { "word": "X-ray micro-CT" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-12-10T08:06:10+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-12-13T07:02:57+01:00", "date_published": "2019-12-13T07:02:57+01:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL086380", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/e4tp2", "authors": [ { "pk": 2903, "first_name": "Gaetano", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Garfi", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0003-0187-2399" }, { "pk": 18, "first_name": "Qingyang", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lin", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 12608, "first_name": "Steffen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Berg", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6519, "first_name": "Cédric", "middle_name": "M.", "last_name": "John", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0001-9711-1548" }, { "pk": 2901, "first_name": "Sam", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Krevor", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Chemical Engineering" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Engineering" }, { "name": "Petroleum Engineering" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Garfi_er_al_fluid_surface_coverage_mineralogy_accepted_version_GRL.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/513/download/1105/" }, { "original_filename": "Garfi_er_al_fluid_surface_coverage_mineralogy.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/513/download/1106/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/f3p7j", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 514, "title": "Comment on ‘Unintentional unfairness when applying new greenhouse gas emissions metrics at country level’", "abstract": "Here, we provide a comment in response to a recently published paper ‘Unintentional unfairness when applying new greenhouse gas emissions metrics at country level’ by Rogelj and Schleussner (2019). We note a number of errors in their critique of the use of GWP* to relate cumulative and short-lived climate pollutants, argue that their logic is flawed, their ethical considerations are narrow and their conclusions not justified by the results presented.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "carbon dioxide equivalence" }, { "word": "climate policy" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-12-09T12:12:26+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-12-13T16:54:50+01:00", "date_published": "2019-12-13T16:54:50+01:00", "doi": "http://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac02eb", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/r7epb", "authors": [ { "pk": 3738, "first_name": "Michelle", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cain", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0003-2062-6556" }, { "pk": 6907, "first_name": "Keith", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Shine", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8146, "first_name": "Dave", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Frame", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 694, "first_name": "John", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lynch", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9982, "first_name": "Adrian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Macey", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10525, "first_name": "Raymond", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pierrehumbert", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 3740, "first_name": "Myles", "middle_name": "Robert", "last_name": "Allen", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Other Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Comment_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/514/download/1107/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 515, "title": "U-Th dating of lake sediments: Lessons from the 700 kyr sediment record of Lake Junín, Peru", "abstract": "*----- NOTE: This is a peer reviewed preprint of a paper accepted in Quaternary Science Reviews as of June 8, 2020 -----* Deep sediment cores from long-lived lake basins are fundamental records of paleoenvironmental history, but the power of these reconstructions has often been limited by poor age control. Uranium-thorium (U-Th) dating has the potential to fill a gap in current geochronological tools available for such sediment archives. We present our systematic approach to U-Th date carbonate-rich sediments from the ~100 m drill core from Lake Junín, Peru. The results form the foundation of an age-depth model spanning ~700 kyrs. High uranium concentrations (0.3--4 ppm) of these sediments allow us to date smaller quantities of material, giving us the opportunity to improve sample selection by avoiding detrital contamination, the greatest factor limiting the success of previous U-Th dating efforts in other lake basins. The dates from 174 analyses on 55 bulk carbonate samples revealed significant scatter that could not be resolved with traditional isochrons, suggesting that at least some of the sediments have not remained closed systems. To understand the source of noise in the geochronological data, we first apply threshold criteria that screen samples by their U/Th ratio, reproducibility, and d234U initial value. We then compare these results with facies types, trace element concentrations, carbonate and total organic carbon content, color reflectance, mineralogy, and ostracode shell color to investigate the causes of open system behavior. We find that the greatest impediment to U-Th dating of these sediments is not detrital contamination, but rather post-depositional remobilization of uranium. After examining U-Th data in these contexts, we identify samples that have likely experienced the least amount of alteration, and use dates from those samples as constraints for the age-depth model. Our work has several lessons for future attempts to U-Th date lake sediments, namely that the samples geologic context is equally important as the accuracy and precision of analytical measurements when determining the age of sample materials. In addition, we caution that significant geologic scatter may remain undetected if not for labor intensive tests of reproducibility achieved through replication. As a result of this work, the deep sediment core from Lake Junín is the only continuous record in the tropical Andes spanning multiple glacial cycles that is constrained entirely by independent radiometric dates.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Geochronology" }, { "word": "Lake sediments" }, { "word": "age model" }, { "word": "Central Andes" }, { "word": "ICDP" }, { "word": "U-Th" }, { "word": "U-Th Dating" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-12-08T12:01:40+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-12-09T01:08:20+01:00", "date_published": "2019-12-09T01:08:20+01:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106422", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/c765k", "authors": [ { "pk": 1616, "first_name": "Christine", "middle_name": "Y", "last_name": "Chen", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-9580-6925" }, { "pk": 695, "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "McGee", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 696, "first_name": "Arielle", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Woods", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9216, "first_name": "Liseth", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pérez", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 697, "first_name": "Robert", "middle_name": "George", "last_name": "Hatfield", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10542, "first_name": "R.", "middle_name": "Lawrence", "last_name": "Edwards", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 16598, "first_name": "Hai", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cheng", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 698, "first_name": "Blas", "middle_name": "Lorenzo", "last_name": "Valero-Garcés", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 699, "first_name": "Sophie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lehmann", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 700, "first_name": "Joseph", "middle_name": "S", "last_name": "Stoner", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geochemistry" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Other Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Sedimentology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "CYChen_JuninUThAgeModel_2020.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/515/download/1108/" }, { "original_filename": "CYChen_JuninUThAgeModel_20191201_Main.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/515/download/1109/" }, { "original_filename": "CYChen_JuninUThAgeModel_20191201_Main.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/515/download/1110/" }, { "original_filename": "CYChen_JuninUThAgeModel_20191201_Main.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/515/download/1111/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://zenodo.org/deposit/3788100", "label": "Public data" } ] }, { "pk": 516, "title": "Stochastic, empirically‐informed model of landscape dynamics and its application to deforestation scenarios", "abstract": "Land change including deforestation undermines the sustainability of the environment. Using data on 1992‐2015 pattern change in over 1.7 million meso‐scale landscapes worldwide we developed a stochastic model of long‐term landscape dynamics. The model suggests that observed heterogeneous landscapes are short‐lived stages in a transition between quasi‐stable homogeneous landscapes of different themes. As a case study we used Monte Carlo simulations based on our model to derive a probability distribution for evolutionary scenarios of landscapes that undergo a forest‐to‐agriculture transit, a prevalent element of deforestation. Results of simulations show that most likely and the fastest deforestation scenario is through the sequence of highly aggregated forest/agriculture mosaics with a decreasing share of the forest. Simulations also show that once forest share drops below 50% the remainder of the transit is rapid. This suggests that possible conservation policy is to protect meso‐scale tracts of land before the forest share drops below 50%.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "land cover change" }, { "word": "deforestation" }, { "word": "land cover" }, { "word": "spatial model" }, { "word": "landscape evolution" }, { "word": "pattern dynamics" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-12-07T17:27:34+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-12-26T02:43:38+01:00", "date_published": "2019-12-26T02:43:38+01:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL085952", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/zbd8n", "authors": [ { "pk": 4088, "first_name": "Jakub", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Nowosad", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-1057-3721" }, { "pk": 702, "first_name": "Tomasz", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Stepinski", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "nowosad_2019_empirical_model.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/516/download/1112/" }, { "original_filename": "nowosad_2019_empirical_model.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/516/download/1113/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 517, "title": "Open Access publishing practice in Geochemistry: current state and look to the future", "abstract": "Open Access (OA) describes the free, unrestricted access to and re-use of research articles. Recently, a new wave of interest, debate, and practice surrounding OA publishing has emerged. In this paper, we provide a simple overview of the trends in OA practice in the broad field of geochemistry. Characteristics of the approach such as whether or not an article processing charge (APC) exists, what embargo periods or restrictions on self-archiving’ policies are in place, and whether or not the sharing of preprints is permitted are described. The majority of journals have self-archiving policies that allow authors to share their peer reviewed work via green OA without charge. The journals with the highest APC are typically those of the major commercial publishers, rather than the geochemistry community themselves. Until the geochemistry community makes the decision to move away from journal-based evaluation criteria, it is likely that such high costs will continue to impose financial inequities upon research community. However, geochemists could more widely choose legal self-archiving as an equitable and sustainable way to progress communication of their research.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [], "date_submitted": "2019-12-05T14:10:28+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-12-09T01:09:16+01:00", "date_published": "2019-12-09T01:09:16+01:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03551", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/uxcwk", "authors": [ { "pk": 3564, "first_name": "Olivier", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pourret", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0001-6181-6079" }, { "pk": 8273, "first_name": "Andrew", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hursthouse", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0003-3690-2957" }, { "pk": 1678, "first_name": "Dasapta", "middle_name": "Erwin", "last_name": "Irawan", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 15021, "first_name": "Karen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Johannesson", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5525, "first_name": "Haiyan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Liu", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10565, "first_name": "Marc", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Poujol", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10943, "first_name": "Romain", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tartèse", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 704, "first_name": "Eric", "middle_name": "D.", "last_name": "van Hullebusch", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8449, "first_name": "Oliver", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wiche", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Biogeochemistry" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geochemistry" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Open Access practices in geochemistry gpl preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/517/download/1114/" }, { "original_filename": "Open Access practices in geochemistry gpl preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/517/download/1115/" }, { "original_filename": "Open Access practices in geochemistry gpl preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/517/download/1116/" }, { "original_filename": "Open Access practices in geochemistry gpl preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/517/download/1117/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/x4gtb", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 518, "title": "The interplay between clay fabric and mechanical response of deep-seated landslides", "abstract": "Deep-seated landslides are amongst the most devastating natural hazards on earth, typically involving a rigid rock mass sliding over a weak, clayey shear-band. The mechanical response of this shear-band to the loading of the overburden is therefore critical for the stability of a landslide. We hereby show that this mechanical response is strongly linked to the mineralogy and microstructure of the clay minerals forming the shear band. By presenting a detailed mineralogical, textural, and mechanical characterization of a shear band of an active deep-seated landslide we attempt to shed light on the processes determining the failure mechanism of a large deep-seated landslide. \nThe case study chosen is the El Forn landslide located above the village of Canillo (Andorra). Its shear band is at 29m depth and is formed by black shales of the Silurian period. Using core samples of this landslide, we have performed compositional and microstructural (XRPD, SEM-EDS, MicroCT) analyses, combined with mechanical tests (Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit) to study the interplay between the internal structure of the material that forms the shear band and its mechanical response. The results show that the mechanical properties (porosity and plasticity index) have their highest values inside the shear band, where the clay fabric is perfectly oriented along the shearing direction. Right above and below the shear band, the mechanical parameters have their lowest values, and are accompanied by folded textures (fabric). Finally, outside those areas, the mechanical parameters have intermediate values and the fabric of the minerals is randomly oriented.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. 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Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Landslides" }, { "word": "mineralogy" }, { "word": "clays" }, { "word": "fabric" }, { "word": "plasticity" }, { "word": "porosity" }, { "word": "Shear band" }, { "word": "texture" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-12-04T18:34:52+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-12-05T13:07:59+01:00", "date_published": "2019-12-05T13:07:59+01:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/pu89m", "authors": [ { "pk": 1670, "first_name": "Carolina", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Seguí", "salutation": "Miss", "orcid": "0000-0001-5406-8500" }, { "pk": 7035, "first_name": "Esperanca", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tauler", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8288, "first_name": "Xavier", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Planas", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8294, "first_name": "Jose", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Moya", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 381, "first_name": "Emmanouil", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Veveakis", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Engineering" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Geotechnical Engineering" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Manuscript_MV_CS.docx", "mime_type": "application/msword", "download_url": "/repository/object/518/download/1118/" }, { "original_filename": "Manuscript_MV_CS.docx", "mime_type": "application/msword", "download_url": "/repository/object/518/download/1119/" }, { "original_filename": "Manuscript_MV_CS.docx", "mime_type": "application/msword", "download_url": "/repository/object/518/download/1120/" }, { "original_filename": "Manuscript_MV_CS.docx", "mime_type": "application/msword", "download_url": "/repository/object/518/download/1121/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 519, "title": "Marked upwelling and SST drop after the arrival of cyclone Dorian to the Atlantic Canadian coast", "abstract": "In intertidal environments, temperature fluctuations at hourly temporal scales are ecologically relevant because of the physiological stress that organisms must endure as a result. Tides constitute the main source of such changes, as low tides periodically expose intertidal habitats to aerial conditions, which can exhibit unusually high and low temperatures in summer and winter, respectively. The present study identifies another source of strong hourly thermal variation, one that acts only upon seawater (not air) temperature. Shortly after the arrival of cyclone Dorian to the Atlantic Canadian coast in September 2019, in-situ loggers revealed that sea surface temperature (SST) decreased in a matter of hours by 10-12 °C in intertidal environments. Data from online environmental services indicated that neither tidal amplitude nor air temperature were likely responsible for this marked SST drop. Conversely, data on wind speed support the notion that shear-induced vertical mixing of the water column caused by this cyclone was the main reason for the pronounced intertidal cooling. This is in line with previous studies that found offshore SST drops with tropical hurricanes. It remains to be seen how the observed decrease in SST may have affected intertidal organisms, as they were acclimated to summer conditions when Dorian hit the coast. As the frequency and intensity of cyclones in temperate latitudes is predicted to increase with climate change, cyclone-related intertidal thermal ecology might deserve further attention.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. 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See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Hurricane" }, { "word": "Sea surface temperature" }, { "word": "intertidal" }, { "word": "cyclone" }, { "word": "Dorian" }, { "word": "Nova Scotia" }, { "word": "SST" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-12-04T15:37:22+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-12-09T01:08:56+01:00", "date_published": "2019-12-09T01:08:56+01:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/f2ay8", "authors": [ { "pk": 706, "first_name": "Ricardo", "middle_name": "Augusto", "last_name": "Scrosati", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Manuscript for EarthArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/519/download/1122/" }, { "original_filename": "Manuscript for EarthArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/519/download/1123/" }, { "original_filename": "Manuscript for EarthArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/519/download/1124/" }, { "original_filename": "Manuscript for EarthArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/519/download/1125/" }, { "original_filename": "Manuscript for EarthArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/519/download/1126/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 520, "title": "Four-dimensional surface motions of the Slumgullion landslide and quantification of hydrometeorological forcing", "abstract": "Landslides modify the natural landscape and cause fatalities and property damage worldwide. Quantifying landslide dynamics is challenging due to the stochastic nature of the environment. With its large area of ~1 km2 and perennial motions at ~10-20 mm per day, the Slumgullion landslide in Colorado, USA, represents an ideal natural laboratory to better understand landslide behavior. Here, we use hybrid remote sensing data and methods to recover the four-dimensional surface motions during 2011-2018. We refine the boundaries of an area of ~0.35 km2 below the crest of the prehistoric landslide. We construct a mechanical framework to quantify the rheology, subsurface channel geometry, mass flow rate, and spatiotemporally dependent pore-water pressure feedback through a joint analysis of displacement and hydrometeorological measurements from ground, air and space. Our study demonstrates the importance of remotely characterizing often inaccessible, dangerous slopes to better understand landslides and other quasi-static mass fluxes in natural and industrial environments, which will ultimately help reduce associated hazards.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). 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If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [], "date_submitted": "2019-12-04T15:23:41+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-12-09T22:00:39+01:00", "date_published": "2019-12-09T22:00:39+01:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16617-7", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/vpjb7", "authors": [ { "pk": 136, "first_name": "Xie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hu", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7853, "first_name": "Roland", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bürgmann", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7074, "first_name": "William", "middle_name": "H.", "last_name": "Schulz", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 1595, "first_name": "Eric", "middle_name": "Jameson", "last_name": "Fielding", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-6648-8067" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geomorphology" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Other Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "s41467-020-16617-7.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/520/download/1127/" }, { "original_filename": "233425_0_art_file_4250457_q18186.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/520/download/1128/" }, { "original_filename": "233425_0_art_file_4250457_q18186.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/520/download/1129/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 521, "title": "Evaluating the capabilities of optical/TIR imagine sensing systems for quantifying soil water content", "abstract": "Surface Soil Moisture (SSM) is a key parameter of the global energy and water cycle and knowing its spatio-temporal variability is of key importance in an array of research topics and in several practical applications alike. Recent developments in Earth Observation (EO) have indicated that SSM can be retrieved from different regions of electromagnetic spectrum and numerous approaches have been proposed to facilitate this. Herein, are reviewed the SSM retrieval techniques exploiting optical and thermal EO data, including synergistic techniques with other types of EO datasets. The challenges and limitations of EO in this respect are also discussed, aiming in the end at providing a roadmap on which future research by the scientific community should be directed to provide more accurately estimates of SSM from space. A number of challenges still required to be addressed to allow deriving accurately SSM estimates using those specific types of EO data. It is also apparent that to satisfy the requirements for SSM information for many practical applications, efforts should be towards the investigation of the synergistic use of EO systems in deriving soil moisture for water resources applications.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. 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Although previous studies predict an increase in heat extreme events, the magnitude of the change varies greatly among different models even for the same mean warming4. This uncertainty has been linked to differences in land-atmosphere feedbacks across models2. Here we show that a significant constraint for future projections can be based on the ability of climate models to accurately simulate the variability of daily atmospheric surface maximum temperature (TX). By applying an emergent constraint (EC) locally on a metric describing TX variability with a large ensemble of CMIP55 and CMIP66 models we demonstrate that the best estimate increase in hot extremes could be worse than previously estimated over a large part of the land, with an increase in extremes of up to 50% larger than based on the multi-model mean. Our findings highlight the importance to correctly simulate TX variability during the historical period. Analysis of models soil moisture suggests that the EC arises because both TX variability and changes in hot extremes are related to land surface humidity processes.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. 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The masking algorithm covers the Arctic, Antarctic and regions typically classified as the cryosphere such as northern hemisphere permafrost. The mask has been trained using collocations with the CALIOP active lidar, which in narrow strips provide more accurate detection of cloud, and was subsequently evaluated as a function of cloud type and surface type. The mask was compared with the existing operational Bayesian and Empirical cloud masks by eye and also statistically using CALIOP data. It was found to perform exceptionally well in the polar regions. The Kuiper skill score improved from 0.28, for the operational Bayesian and 0.17 for the Empirical masks to 0.77 for the NN. The NN algorithm also has a much more homogeneous performance over all surface types. The key improvement came from better identification of clear scenes; for the NN mask, the same performance in terms of contamination of cloudy pixels in the sample of identified clear pixels can be achieved while retaining 40% of the clear pixels compared with 10% for the operational cloud identification. The algorithm performed with almost the same skill over sea and land. The best performance was achieved for opaque clouds while transparent and broken clouds showed slightly reduced accuracy.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). 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The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Cloud mask" }, { "word": "Neural Network" }, { "word": "Poles" }, { "word": "Sentinel-3" }, { "word": "SLSTR" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-12-04T02:12:14+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-12-04T17:35:43+01:00", "date_published": "2019-12-04T17:35:43+01:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2020.111999", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/fmw32", "authors": [ { "pk": 710, "first_name": "Caroline", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Poulsen", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 711, "first_name": "Ulrik", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Egede", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7138, "first_name": "Daniel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Robbins", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8364, "first_name": "Barnaby", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sandeford", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9356, "first_name": "Kenza", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tazi", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10101, "first_name": "Thomas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zhu", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Atmospheric Sciences" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "paper.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/523/download/1135/" }, { "original_filename": "Evaluation_and_comparison_of_a_machine_learning_cloud_identification_algorithm_for_the_SLSTR_in_polar_regions.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/523/download/1136/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 524, "title": "Notes on the creation and manipulation of solid solution models", "abstract": "A large class of solid solution models are built on the premise that exchange of chemical species takes place on a finite number of unique sites, and that the thermodynamic properties of the solution are a function of the proportions of species occupying each of the sites. The site-occupancy spaces spanned by such models are geometrically equivalent to convex polytopes, n-dimensional generalisations of polygons and polyhedra. The endmembers of these solid solutions correspond to the vertices of the polytopes.We present a set of mathematical tools based on this geometrical equivalence which aid the creation and manipulation of solution models. Vertex enumeration methods can be used to compute the total set of endmembers in\r\na solution from the valences of the species occupying each site and the total charge of the species not involved in site exchange. The number of independent endmembers constructed in this way is equal to n site-species − n sites + c, where n site-species is the total number of potential site-species occupancies in the solution and n sites is the number of distinct sites. If charge-balance constraints are active, c = 0, otherwise c = 1.\r\nWe also present the linear algebra required to transform solution model parameterisations between different independent endmember bases. The same algorithms can also be used to derive macroscopic endmember interactions from microscopic site interactions. This algebra is useful both in the initial design of solution models, and when making thermodynamic calculations in restricted chemical subsystems.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [], "date_submitted": "2019-12-03T23:49:34+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-12-04T22:44:10+01:00", "date_published": "2019-12-04T22:44:10+01:00", "doi": "http://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-021-01825-1", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/fhwjy", "authors": [ { "pk": 4993, "first_name": "Robert", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Myhill", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0001-9489-5236" }, { "pk": 5817, "first_name": "James", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Connolly", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Chemistry" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Materials Chemistry" }, { "name": "Mineral Physics" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Notes_on_the_creation_and_manipulation_of_solid_solution_models.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/524/download/1137/" }, { "original_filename": "Notes_on_the_creation_and_manipulation_of_solid_solution_models.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/524/download/1138/" }, { "original_filename": "Notes_on_the_creation_and_manipulation_of_solid_solution_models_accepted.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/524/download/5526/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 565, "title": "Deep learning to infer eddy heat fluxes from sea surface height patterns of mesoscale turbulence", "abstract": "Oceans play a major role in Earths climate by storing and transporting heat via turbulent currents called mesoscale eddies. However, direct monitoring of eddy-driven heat fluxes is currently impossible because it requires simultaneous surface and subsurface observations of velocity and heat content, while only surface properties of mesoscale eddies can be comprehensively measured by satellites in the form of sea surface height (SSH) anomalies. Nonetheless, surface and subsurface expressions of eddies are dynamically linked, suggesting that surface observations may contain at least partial information about subsurface flows and thus heat transport. Here we used deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to demonstrate that SSH expressions of mesoscale turbulence contain sufficient information to predict about 64\\% of eddy heat flux variance, with CNNs significantly outperforming other conventional data-driven techniques. Our results suggest that deep CNNs could provide an effective pathway towards an operational monitoring of eddy heat fluxes using satellite altimetry.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public\r\nLicenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change\r\nfree software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.\r\n\r\n This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some\r\nspecially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the\r\nFree Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You\r\ncan use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether\r\nthis license or the ordinary General Public License is the better\r\nstrategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.\r\n\r\n When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,\r\nnot price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that\r\nyou have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge\r\nfor this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get\r\nit if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of\r\nit in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do\r\nthese things.\r\n\r\n To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid\r\ndistributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these\r\nrights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for\r\nyou if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.\r\n\r\n For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis\r\nor for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave\r\nyou. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source\r\ncode. If you link other code with the library, you must provide\r\ncomplete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them\r\nwith the library after making changes to the library and recompiling\r\nit. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.\r\n\r\n We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the\r\nlibrary, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal\r\npermission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.\r\n\r\n To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that\r\nthere is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is\r\nmodified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know\r\nthat what they have is not the original version, so that the original\r\nauthor's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be\r\nintroduced by others.\r\n\f\r\n Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of\r\nany free program. 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Four trenches and a long percussion drill-core were analyzed in a valley grading from a Loess covered plateau towards the Talianky River. The sediments were dated via a combination of radiocarbon dating, optical stimulated luminescence (OSL) and embedded artefacts. A suspicious non-coincidence between phases of soil erosion and the settlement history at the site over long periods of the Holocene is noticeable and suggests a climatically driven erosion at the site. The detected phases of erosion during the past >20,000 years coincide with global (cal 27.6 +/- 1.3 kyrs BP, 12.0 +/- 0.4 kyrs BP), northern hemispheric (cal 8.5 ± 0.3 kyrs BP), Mediterranean (cal 3.93 ± 0.1 kyrs BP) as well as western to central European (2,700 to 2,000 cal BP) climate anomalies. For these anomalies, characterized by colder than usual conditions in western and central Europe and dry conditions in the eastern Mediterranean and the research area, a common trigger process seems possible. Increased occurrences of heavy precipitation events, probably during phases of a weakened vegetation cover, could explain the observed record. \nA comparison of the Ukrainian record with other European erosion records raises the question again about the contribution of climate variability on Holocene erosion processes. Whereas climatic influence might be easier detectable in Eastern Europe, with a comparatively late onset of intensive agricultural land use, in southern, central and western Europe the impact of climate variability might be masked to a part according to the long history of intensive agricultural land use. \nThe composition of the sediments implies changes of the slope-channel connectivity during the deposition history. Whereas the periglacial to early Holocene sediments were derived from the whole catchment area, since the mid-Holocene a tendency to lower slope storage of colluvial material and valley incision is noticeable.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). 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Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "climate" }, { "word": "Erosion" }, { "word": "Holocene" }, { "word": "Ukraine" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-12-03T22:02:58+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-12-04T17:33:43+01:00", "date_published": "2019-12-04T17:33:43+01:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/zjk7u", "authors": [ { "pk": 713, "first_name": "Stefan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Dreibrodt", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5830, "first_name": "Robert", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hofmann", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7180, "first_name": "György", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sipos", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8397, "first_name": "Lorenz", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Schwark", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9381, "first_name": "Michail", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Videiko", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10123, "first_name": "Liudmyla", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Shatilo", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10627, "first_name": "Sarah", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Martini", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10973, "first_name": "Philipp", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Saggau", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11236, "first_name": "Rainer", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Duttmann", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11416, "first_name": "Hans-Rudolf", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bork", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geomorphology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "climate triggered Holocene erosion in Ukraine.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/525/download/1139/" }, { "original_filename": "climate triggered Holocene erosion in Ukraine.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/525/download/1140/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 526, "title": "An interpreted language implementation of the Vaganov-Shashkin tree-ring proxy system model", "abstract": "We describe the implementation of the Vaganov-Shashkin tree-ring growth model (VSM) in MATLAB. VSM, originally written in Fortran, mimics subdaily and daily resolution processes of cambial growth as a function of soil moisture, air temperature, and insolation, with environmental forcing modeled as the principle of limiting factors. The re-implementation in a high level interpreted language, while sacrificing speed, provides opportunities to systematically evaluate model parameters, generate large ensembles of simulated tree-ring chronologies, and embed proxy system modeling within data assimilation approaches to climate reconstruction. We provide a versioned code repository and examples of model applications which permit process-level understanding of tree ring width variations in response to environmental variations and boundary", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "paleoclimate" }, { "word": "cambium" }, { "word": "dendrochronology" }, { "word": "dendroclimatology" }, { "word": "forward model" }, { "word": "MATLAB" }, { "word": "proxy systems modeling" }, { "word": "tree-ring" }, { "word": "xylogenesis" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-12-03T21:27:14+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-12-04T18:02:14+01:00", "date_published": "2019-12-04T18:02:14+01:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/ruyad", "authors": [ { "pk": 6309, "first_name": "Kevin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Anchukaitis", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5897, "first_name": "Michael", "middle_name": "N", "last_name": "Evans", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7234, "first_name": "Malcolm", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hughes", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8437, "first_name": "Eugene", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Vaganov", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Climate" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Anchukaitis_VSM_manuscript_revised.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/526/download/1141/" }, { "original_filename": "Anchukaitis_VSM_Manuscript.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/526/download/1142/" }, { "original_filename": "Anchukaitis_VSM_Manuscript.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/526/download/1143/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 527, "title": "Fossil fuel combustion is driving indoor CO2 toward levels harmful to human cognition", "abstract": "Human activities are elevating atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations to levels unprecedented in human history. The majority of anticipated impacts of anthropogenic CO2 emissions are mediated by climate warming. Recent experimental studies in the fields of indoor air quality and cognitive psychology and neuroscience, however, have revealed significant direct effects of indoor CO2 levels on cognitive function. Here we shed light on this connection, and estimate the impact of continued fossil fuel emissions on human cognition. We conclude that indoor CO2 levels may indeed reach levels harmful to cognition by the end of this century, and the best way to prevent this hidden consequence of climate change is to reduce fossil fuel emissions. Finally, we offer recommendations for a broad, interdisciplinary approach to improving such understanding and prediction.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "carbon dioxide" }, { "word": "climate warming" }, { "word": "cognition" }, { "word": "fossil fuel emission" }, { "word": "indoor air quality" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-12-03T17:42:15+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-12-03T18:13:49+01:00", "date_published": "2019-12-03T18:13:49+01:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GH000237", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/b8umq", "authors": [ { "pk": 5433, "first_name": "Kristopher", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Karnauskas", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5922, "first_name": "Shelly", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Miller", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 715, "first_name": "Anna", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Schapiro", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Climate" }, { "name": "Cognitive Neuroscience" }, { "name": "Life Sciences" }, { "name": "Neuroscience and Neurobiology" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "CO2_Cog_Preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/527/download/1144/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 528, "title": "Abrupt Arctic Warming Repeatedly Led to Prolonged Drought and Glacial Retreat in the Tropical Andes During the Last Glacial Cycle", "abstract": "A sediment core spanning the last ~50 ka from Lake Junín (Peru) in the tropical Andes reveals abrupt climatic events on a centennial-millennial time scale. These events, which involved the near-complete disappearance of glaciers below 4700 masl in the eastern Andean cordillera and major reductions in the level of Peru’s second largest lake, occurred during the abrupt warmings recorded in Greenland ice cores known as Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) interstadials. Lake Junín is the first record to document the response of Andean glaciers to serial DO events, and also reveals the magnitude of the hydroclimatic disruptions in the highest reaches of the Amazon Basin that were caused by a weakening of the South American summer monsoon during abrupt arctic warming. Ongoing warming in the Arctic could lead to significant reductions in the precipitation-evaporation balance in the tropical Andes with deleterious effects on the sustainability of a densely populated region of South America.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "paleoclimate" }, { "word": "glaciers" }, { "word": "monsoon" }, { "word": "South America" }, { "word": "tropical Andes" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-12-02T22:31:57+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-12-03T18:19:05+01:00", "date_published": "2019-12-03T18:19:05+01:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/7hd3a", "authors": [ { "pk": 696, "first_name": "Arielle", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Woods", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 716, "first_name": "Don", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rodbell", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 717, "first_name": "Mark", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Abbott", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 697, "first_name": "Robert", "middle_name": "George", "last_name": "Hatfield", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 1616, "first_name": "Christine", "middle_name": "Y", "last_name": "Chen", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-9580-6925" }, { "pk": 699, "first_name": "Sophie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lehmann", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 695, "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "McGee", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 718, "first_name": "Nick", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Weidhaas", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11253, "first_name": "Pedro", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tapia", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 698, "first_name": "Blas", "middle_name": "Lorenzo", "last_name": "Valero-Garcés", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geochemistry" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Sedimentology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Woods_etal_Junin50k_manuscript_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/528/download/1145/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 529, "title": "A machine learning approach to tungsten prospectivity modelling using knowledge-driven feature extraction and model confidence", "abstract": "Novel mineral prospectivity modelling presented here applies knowledge-driven feature extraction to a data-driven machine learning approach for tungsten mineralisation. The method emphasises the importance of appropriate model evaluation and develops a new Confidence Metric to generate spatially refined and robust exploration targets. The data-driven Random Forest™ algorithm is employed to model tungsten mineralisation in SW England using a range of geological, geochemical and geophysical evidence layers which include a depth to granite evidence layer. Two models are presented, one using standardised input variables and a second that implements fuzzy set theory as part of an augmented feature extraction step. The use of fuzzy data transformations mean feature extraction can incorporate some user-knowledge about the mineralisation into the model. The typically subjective approach is guided using the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve tool where transformed data are compared to known training samples. The modelling is conducted using 34 known true positive samples with 10 sets of randomly generated true negative samples to test the random effect on the model. The two models have similar accuracy but show different spatial distributions when identifying highly prospective targets. Areal analysis shows that the fuzzy-transformed model is a better discriminator and highlights three areas of high prospectivity that were not previously known. The Confidence Metric, derived from model variance, is employed to further evaluate the models. The new metric is useful for refining exploration targets and highlighting the most robust areas for follow-up investigation. The fuzzy-transformed model is shown to contain larger areas of high model confidence compared to the model using standardised variables. Finally, legacy mining data, from drilling reports and mine descriptions, is used to further validate the fuzzy-transformed model and gauge the depth of potential deposits. Descriptions of mineralisation corroborate that the targets generated in these models could be undercover at depths of less than 300 m. In summary, the modelling workflow presented herein provides a novel integration of knowledge-driven feature extraction with data-driven machine learning modelling, while the newly derived Confidence Metric generates reliable mineral exploration targets.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "machine learning" }, { "word": "Random Forest" }, { "word": "mineral exploration" }, { "word": "mineral prospectivity modelling" }, { "word": "SW England" }, { "word": "tungsten" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-12-01T19:52:56+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-12-04T18:20:45+01:00", "date_published": "2019-12-04T18:20:45+01:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2020.05.016", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/9fet8", "authors": [ { "pk": 1739, "first_name": "Christopher", "middle_name": "Mark", "last_name": "Yeomans", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-0364-451X" }, { "pk": 5998, "first_name": "Robin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Shail", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7311, "first_name": "Stephen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Grebby", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8509, "first_name": "Vesa", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Nykänen", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9469, "first_name": "Maarit", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Middleton", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10175, "first_name": "Paul", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lusty", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Other Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "EarthArXiv_accepted_manuscript_prospectivity.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/529/download/1146/" }, { "original_filename": "earthArXiv_submission.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/529/download/1147/" }, { "original_filename": "earthArXiv_submission.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/529/download/1148/" }, { "original_filename": "earthArXiv_submission.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/529/download/1149/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 583, "title": "Spatial Statistics on the Geospatial Web", "abstract": "The Geospatial Web provides data as well as processing functionality using web interfaces. Typical examples of such processes are models and predictions for spatial data, known as spatial statistics. Such analyses are written by domain experts in scripting languages and rarely exposed as web services. We present a concept of script annotations for automatic deployment in server runtime environments and demonstrate it with an implementation based on the open standards and open source components OGC Web Processing Service and R.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "AGILEGIS" }, { "word": "AGILE short paper" }, { "word": "geoprocessing" }, { "word": "R" }, { "word": "geospatial web" }, { "word": "OGC" }, { "word": "open source" }, { "word": "reproducibility" }, { "word": "reproducible research" }, { "word": "spatial statistics" }, { "word": "Web Processing Service" }, { "word": "WPS" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-10-31T10:13:35+01:00", "date_accepted": "2020-06-17T13:34:31+02:00", "date_published": "2020-06-17T13:34:31+02:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/j8x2e", "authors": [ { "pk": 5460, "first_name": "Matthias", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hinz", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 1524, "first_name": "Daniel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Nüst", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": "0000-0002-0024-5046" }, { "pk": 7351, "first_name": "Benjamin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Proß", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 788, "first_name": "Edzer", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pebesma", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Computational Engineering" }, { "name": "Computer Sciences" }, { "name": "Engineering" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Hinz et al. - 2013 - Spatial Statistics on the Geospatial Web.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/583/download/1278/" }, { "original_filename": "Hinz et al. - 2013 - Spatial Statistics on the Geospatial Web.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/583/download/1279/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 530, "title": "Estimation of surface and deep flows from sparse SSH observations of geostrophic ocean turbulence using Deep Learning", "abstract": "Satellite altimeters provide global observations of sea surface height (SSH) and present a unique dataset for advancing our theoretical understanding of upper ocean dynamics and monitoring its variability. Considering that mesoscale SSH patterns of 50--300 km in size can evolve on timescales comparable to or shorter than satellite return periods, it is challenging to accurately reconstruct the continuous SSH evolution as currently available altimetry observations are still spatially and temporally sparse. Here we explore the possibility of SSH interpolation via a Deep Learning framework using synthetic observations from a quasigeostrophic model of mesoscale ocean turbulence. We demonstrate that Convolutional Neural Networks with Residual Learning are superior in SSH reconstruction to linear and recently developed dynamical interpolation techniques. In addition, neural networks can provide a skillful state estimate of unobserved deep ocean currents at mesoscales. This conspicuous result suggests that SSH patterns of eddies do contain substantial information about the underlying deep ocean currents that is necessary for SSH prediction. Our framework is highly idealized and several crucial improvements such as transfer learning, diversification of training data, and modification of the loss function would be necessary to implement before its ultimate use with real satellite observations. Nonetheless, by providing a proof of concept based on synthetic data, our results point to Deep Learning as a viable alternative to existing interpolation and, more generally, state estimation methods for satellite observations of eddying currents.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public\r\nLicenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change\r\nfree software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.\r\n\r\n This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some\r\nspecially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the\r\nFree Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You\r\ncan use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether\r\nthis license or the ordinary General Public License is the better\r\nstrategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.\r\n\r\n When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,\r\nnot price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that\r\nyou have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge\r\nfor this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get\r\nit if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of\r\nit in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do\r\nthese things.\r\n\r\n To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid\r\ndistributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these\r\nrights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for\r\nyou if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.\r\n\r\n For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis\r\nor for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave\r\nyou. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source\r\ncode. 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Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Deep learning" }, { "word": "state estimation" }, { "word": "baroclinic instability" }, { "word": "deep ocean flows" }, { "word": "mesoscale eddies" }, { "word": "Satellite altimetry" }, { "word": "Sea surface height" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-11-29T19:33:54+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-12-04T18:21:37+01:00", "date_published": "2019-12-04T18:21:37+01:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/m8f3x", "authors": [ { "pk": 719, "first_name": "Georgy", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Manucharyan", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6044, "first_name": "Lia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Siegelman", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 13142, "first_name": "Patrice", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Klein", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Oceanography" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "SSH_Interpolation_JAMES (14).pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/530/download/1150/" }, { "original_filename": "SSH_Interpolation_JAMES.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/530/download/1151/" }, { "original_filename": "SSH_Interpolation_JAMES.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/530/download/1152/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 531, "title": "Spatiotemporal correlation analysis of noise-derived seismic body waves with ocean wave climate and microseism sources", "abstract": "Seismic signals can be extracted from ambient noise wavefields by the correlation technique. Recently, a prominent P‐type phase was observed from teleseismic noise correlations in the secondary microseism period band. The phase is named Pdmc in this paper, corresponding to its origin from the interference between the direct P waves transmitting through the deep mantle and the core (P and PKPab waves). We extract the phase by correlating noise records from two seismic networks in the Northern Hemisphere and locate the microseism sources that are efficient for the Pdmc construction in the South Pacific. We investigate the spatiotemporal links of the Pdmc signal with global oceanic waves and microseism sources. Interestingly, the correlation with wave height is higher in several regions surrounding the effective source region, rather than in the effective source region. The Pdmc amplitude is highly correlated with the power of the effective microseism sources. Also, it is apparently correlated with ineffective sources in the Southern Hemisphere and anticorrelated with sources in the Northern Hemisphere. We ascribe the correlation with the ineffective southern sources to the spatiotemporal interconnections of the southern sources. The anticorrelation with northern sources can be explained by the reverse seasonal patterns between the southern and northern sources and by that the northern sources impede the signal construction. The signal construction from noise correlations relies on the competition between the effective and ineffective sources, not just on the power of the effective sources. This principle should be valid in a general sense for noise‐derived signals.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). 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For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "wave climate" }, { "word": "Ambient noise" }, { "word": "body wave" }, { "word": "microseism" }, { "word": "noise correlation" }, { "word": "noise source" }, { "word": "oceanic microseism excitation" }, { "word": "ocean wave" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-11-29T16:52:55+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-12-04T16:31:45+01:00", "date_published": "2019-12-04T16:31:45+01:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GC009112", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/e9hcq", "authors": [ { "pk": 720, "first_name": "Lei", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Li", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6056, "first_name": "Pierre", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Boue", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 721, "first_name": "Lise", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Retailleau", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7937, "first_name": "Michel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Campillo", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Oceanography" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "2020 Spatiotemporal Correlation Analysis of Noise‐Derived Seismic Body Waves With Ocean Wave Climate and Microseism Sources.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/531/download/1153/" }, { "original_filename": "Li-2020-Pdmc-v2.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/531/download/1154/" }, { "original_filename": "manuscript.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/531/download/1155/" }, { "original_filename": "Li-2019-Pdmc.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/531/download/1156/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/c5ubq", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 532, "title": "Scaling Laws for Regional Stratification at the top of Earth’s Core", "abstract": "Seismic and geomagnetic observations have been used to argue both for and against a global stratified layer at the top of Earth’s outer core. Recently, we used numerical models of turbulent thermal convection to show that imposed lateral variations in core-mantle boundary (CMB) heat flow can give rise to regional lenses of stratified fluid at the top of the core while the bulk of the core remains actively convecting. Here we develop theoretical scaling laws to extrapolate the properties of regional stratified lenses measured in simulations to the conditions of Earth’s core. We estimate that regional stratified lenses in Earth’s core have thicknesses of up to a few hundred kilometres and Brunt-Vaisala frequencies of hours, consistent with independent observational constraints. The location, thickness, and strength of the stratified regions would change over geological time scales in response to the slowly evolving CMB heat flux heterogeneity imposed by mantle convection.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Geodynamics" }, { "word": "core stratification" }, { "word": "Earth's outer core" }, { "word": "fluid dynamics - scaling laws" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-11-28T16:42:24+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-12-04T17:24:00+01:00", "date_published": "2019-12-04T17:24:00+01:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL087715", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/r52wc", "authors": [ { "pk": 1586, "first_name": "Jonathan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mound", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 4330, "first_name": "Chris", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Davies", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-1074-3815" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "stratified_scaling_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/532/download/1157/" }, { "original_filename": "stratified_scaling_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/532/download/1158/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/es47h", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 533, "title": "Stronger Atlantic hurricanes: Validating Elsner et al. (2008)", "abstract": "Using satellite derived wind speed estimates from tropical cyclones over the 25-year period 1981--2006, Elsner et al. (2008) showed the strongest tropical cyclones getting stronger. They related the increasing intensity to rising ocean temperatures consistent with theory. Oceans continued to warm since that paper was published so the intensity of the strongest cyclones should have continued upward as well. Here I show that this is the case with increases in the upper quantile intensities of global tropical cyclones amounting to between 3.5 and 4.5% in the period 2007--2019 relative to the earlier base period (1981--2006). All basins individually show upward intensity trends for at least one upper quantile considered with the North Atlantic and Western North Pacific basins showing the steepest and most consistent trends across the quantiles.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public\r\nLicenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change\r\nfree software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.\r\n\r\n This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some\r\nspecially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the\r\nFree Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You\r\ncan use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether\r\nthis license or the ordinary General Public License is the better\r\nstrategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.\r\n\r\n When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,\r\nnot price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that\r\nyou have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge\r\nfor this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get\r\nit if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of\r\nit in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do\r\nthese things.\r\n\r\n To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid\r\ndistributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these\r\nrights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for\r\nyou if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.\r\n\r\n For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis\r\nor for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave\r\nyou. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source\r\ncode. 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Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Hurricane" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-11-28T16:31:58+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-12-04T19:07:10+01:00", "date_published": "2019-12-04T19:07:10+01:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/5g8ut", "authors": [ { "pk": 14276, "first_name": "James", "middle_name": "B", "last_name": "Elsner", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Climate" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "StrongerAtlanticHurricanes.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/533/download/1159/" }, { "original_filename": "StrongerAtlanticHurricanes.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/533/download/1160/" }, { "original_filename": "StrongerAtlanticHurricanes.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/533/download/1161/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 534, "title": "Quantifying Computational Efficiency of Adaptive Mesh Refinement for Shallow Water Solvers", "abstract": "Non-uniform, dynamically adaptive meshes are a useful tool for reducing computational complexities for geophysical simulations that exhibit strongly localised features such as is the case for example for tsunami, hurricane or typhoon prediction. Theoretical insight for mesh-based numerical methods, however, is largely restricted to uniform meshes as they allow for a traditional definition of convergence and computational complexities linearly multiply with mesh resolution. To gain more insight into adaptive meshes and build a theoretical framework for their assessment, we present and discuss a number of mesh metrics that we apply to simulations on an adaptive triangular mesh. The latter is driven by physics-based refinement indicators that capture relevant physical processes and determine the areas of mesh refinement/coarsening. The mesh metrics take into account a number of characteristics of numerical simulations such as numerical errors, spatial resolution, as well as computing time and allow for a novel definition of convergence which can be used to demonstrate a convergence speed-up of adaptive simulations. Furthermore, we obtain numerical evidence for computational overhead as well as the distribution of the numerical errors across the various mesh resolutions.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). 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Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. 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In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. 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However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [], "date_submitted": "2019-11-28T15:47:04+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-12-04T16:53:41+01:00", "date_published": "2019-12-04T16:53:41+01:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/4wyhq", "authors": [ { "pk": 723, "first_name": "Nicole", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Beisiegel", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 724, "first_name": "Cristóbal", "middle_name": "E.", "last_name": "Castro", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 725, "first_name": "Jörn", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Behrens", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Computer Sciences" }, { "name": "Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "beisiegel_quantifying_2019.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/534/download/1162/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 535, "title": "Active deformation and Plio-Pleistocene fluvial reorganization of the western Kura Fold-Thrust Belt, Georgia: implications for the evolution of the Greater Caucasus mountains and seismic hazard", "abstract": "Since the Plio-Pleistocene, southward migration of shortening in the eastern part of the Greater Caucasus (GC) into the Kura foreland basin has progressively formed the Kura-Fold Thrust belt (KFTB) and Alazani piggyback basin, which separates the KFTB from the GC. Previous work argued for an eastward propagation of the KFTB, implying that the western portion in Georgia is the oldest, but this hypothesis was based on coarse geologic maps and speculative ages for units within the KFTB. Here we investigate this hypothesis and focus on the Gombori Range (GR), which defines NW edge of the belt. Previous work divided the sediments of northern flank of the range into three facies. The rock types in the older and middle facies suggest a GC source provenance, despite the modern drainage network in the NE GR, which is dominated by NE flowing rivers.\nPaleocurrent analyses of the alluvial conglomerates of the oldest and youngest syntectonic units indicate a switch from dominantly SW directed paleocurrents in the oldest unit to paleocurrents more similar to the modern drainage network in the youngest unit. A single successful 26Al-10Be burial date indicates these syntectonic sediments are 1±1 Ma, which while not a precise age, is consistent with original mapping suggesting these sediments are Akchagyl-Apsheron (2.7-0.88 Ma) age. Tectonic geomorphologic analyses indicate that western GR is the most active. Given its close proximity to the capital city of Tbilisi, this suggests that active structures within the Gombori range pose seismic hazard to this city of 1.2 million people.", "license": { "name": "Academic Free License (AFL) 3.0", "short_name": "AFL 3.0", "text": "Academic Free License (\"AFL\") v. 3.0\r\nThis Academic Free License (the \"License\") applies to any original work of authorship (the \"Original Work\") whose owner (the \"Licensor\") has placed the following licensing notice adjacent to the copyright notice for the Original Work:\r\n\r\nLicensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0\r\n\r\n1) Grant of Copyright License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, for the duration of the copyright, to do the following:\r\n\r\na) to reproduce the Original Work in copies, either alone or as part of a collective work;\r\n\r\nb) to translate, adapt, alter, transform, modify, or arrange the Original Work, thereby creating derivative works (\"Derivative Works\") based upon the Original Work;\r\n\r\nc) to distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work and Derivative Works to the public, under any license of your choice that does not contradict the terms and conditions, including Licensor's reserved rights and remedies, in this Academic Free License;\r\n\r\nd) to perform the Original Work publicly; and\r\n\r\ne) to display the Original Work publicly.\r\n\r\n2) Grant of Patent License. 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Licensor reserves the right to satisfy this obligation by placing a machine-readable copy of the Source Code in an information repository reasonably calculated to permit inexpensive and convenient access by You for as long as Licensor continues to distribute the Original Work.\r\n\r\n4) Exclusions From License Grant. Neither the names of Licensor, nor the names of any contributors to the Original Work, nor any of their trademarks or service marks, may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this Original Work without express prior permission of the Licensor. Except as expressly stated herein, nothing in this License grants any license to Licensor's trademarks, copyrights, patents, trade secrets or any other intellectual property. No patent license is granted to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, or import embodiments of any patent claims other than the licensed claims defined in Section 2. No license is granted to the trademarks of Licensor even if such marks are included in the Original Work. Nothing in this License shall be interpreted to prohibit Licensor from licensing under terms different from this License any Original Work that Licensor otherwise would have a right to license.\r\n\r\n5) External Deployment. The term \"External Deployment\" means the use, distribution, or communication of the Original Work or Derivative Works in any way such that the Original Work or Derivative Works may be used by anyone other than You, whether those works are distributed or communicated to those persons or made available as an application intended for use over a network. As an express condition for the grants of license hereunder, You must treat any External Deployment by You of the Original Work or a Derivative Work as a distribution under section 1(c).\r\n\r\n6) Attribution Rights. You must retain, in the Source Code of any Derivative Works that You create, all copyright, patent, or trademark notices from the Source Code of the Original Work, as well as any notices of licensing and any descriptive text identified therein as an \"Attribution Notice.\" You must cause the Source Code for any Derivative Works that You create to carry a prominent Attribution Notice reasonably calculated to inform recipients that You have modified the Original Work.\r\n\r\n7) Warranty of Provenance and Disclaimer of Warranty. Licensor warrants that the copyright in and to the Original Work and the patent rights granted herein by Licensor are owned by the Licensor or are sublicensed to You under the terms of this License with the permission of the contributor(s) of those copyrights and patent rights. 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Under no circumstances and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, shall the Licensor be liable to anyone for any indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or the use of the Original Work including, without limitation, damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses. This limitation of liability shall not apply to the extent applicable law prohibits such limitation.\r\n\r\n9) Acceptance and Termination. If, at any time, You expressly assented to this License, that assent indicates your clear and irrevocable acceptance of this License and all of its terms and conditions. If You distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work or a Derivative Work, You must make a reasonable effort under the circumstances to obtain the express assent of recipients to the terms of this License. This License conditions your rights to undertake the activities listed in Section 1, including your right to create Derivative Works based upon the Original Work, and doing so without honoring these terms and conditions is prohibited by copyright law and international treaty. Nothing in this License is intended to affect copyright exceptions and limitations (including \"fair use\" or \"fair dealing\"). This License shall terminate immediately and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License upon your failure to honor the conditions in Section 1(c).\r\n\r\n10) Termination for Patent Action. This License shall terminate automatically and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License as of the date You commence an action, including a cross-claim or counterclaim, against Licensor or any licensee alleging that the Original Work infringes a patent. This termination provision shall not apply for an action alleging patent infringement by combinations of the Original Work with other software or hardware.\r\n\r\n11) Jurisdiction, Venue and Governing Law. Any action or suit relating to this License may be brought only in the courts of a jurisdiction wherein the Licensor resides or in which Licensor conducts its primary business, and under the laws of that jurisdiction excluding its conflict-of-law provisions. The application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is expressly excluded. Any use of the Original Work outside the scope of this License or after its termination shall be subject to the requirements and penalties of copyright or patent law in the appropriate jurisdiction. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n12) Attorneys' Fees. In any action to enforce the terms of this License or seeking damages relating thereto, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover its costs and expenses, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and costs incurred in connection with such action, including any appeal of such action. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n13) Miscellaneous. If any provision of this License is held to be unenforceable, such provision shall be reformed only to the extent necessary to make it enforceable.\r\n\r\n14) Definition of \"You\" in This License. \"You\" throughout this License, whether in upper or lower case, means an individual or a legal entity exercising rights under, and complying with all of the terms of, this License. For legal entities, \"You\" includes any entity that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with you. For purposes of this definition, \"control\" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.\r\n\r\n15) Right to Use. You may use the Original Work in all ways not otherwise restricted or conditioned by this License or by law, and Licensor promises not to interfere with or be responsible for such uses by You.\r\n\r\n16) Modification of This License. This License is Copyright © 2005 Lawrence Rosen. Permission is granted to copy, distribute, or communicate this License without modification. Nothing in this License permits You to modify this License as applied to the Original Work or to Derivative Works. However, You may modify the text of this License and copy, distribute or communicate your modified version (the \"Modified License\") and apply it to other original works of authorship subject to the following conditions: (i) You may not indicate in any way that your Modified License is the \"Academic Free License\" or \"AFL\" and you may not use those names in the name of your Modified License; (ii) You must replace the notice specified in the first paragraph above with the notice \"Licensed under <insert your license name here>\" or with a notice of your own that is not confusingly similar to the notice in this License; and (iii) You may not claim that your original works are open source software unless your Modified License has been approved by Open Source Initiative (OSI) and You comply with its license review and certification process.", "url": "http://opensource.org/licenses/AFL-3.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Alazani basin" }, { "word": "Burial age dating" }, { "word": "Gombori range" }, { "word": "Greater Caucasus" }, { "word": "Kura Fold-Thrust Belt" }, { "word": "Paleocurrent analysis" }, { "word": "Tectonic geomorphology" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-11-28T14:33:54+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-12-31T18:59:53+01:00", "date_published": "2019-12-31T18:59:53+01:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/sgvq5", "authors": [ { "pk": 726, "first_name": "Lasha", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sukhishvili", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 4128, "first_name": "Adam", "middle_name": "Matthew", "last_name": "Forte", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0003-4515-7792" }, { "pk": 7404, "first_name": "Giorgi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Merebashvili", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6272, "first_name": "Joel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Leonard", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6515, "first_name": "Kelin", "middle_name": "X.", "last_name": "Whipple", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10209, "first_name": "Zurab", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Javakhishvili", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9603, "first_name": "Arjun", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Heimsath", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10726, "first_name": "Tea", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Godoladze", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Geomorphology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Tectonics and Structure" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "draft_Proof_hi.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/535/download/1163/" }, { "original_filename": "draft_Proof_hi.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/535/download/1164/" }, { "original_filename": "draft_Proof_hi.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/535/download/1165/" }, { "original_filename": "draft_Proof_hi.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/535/download/1166/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 536, "title": "No support for carbon storage of >1000 GtC in northern peatlands", "abstract": "Northern peatlands store large amounts of carbon (C) and have played an important role in the global carbon cycle since the Last Glacial Maximum. Most northern peatlands have established since the end of the deglaciation and accumulated C over the Holocene, leading to a total present-day stock of 500 ± 100 GtC. This is a consolidated estimate, emerging from a diversity of methods. Recently, Nichols and Peteet (2019 Nature Geoscience 12: 917-921) presented an estimate of the northern peat C stock of 1055 GtC—exceeding previous estimates by a factor of two. Here, we argue that this is an overestimate, caused by systematic bias introduced by their inclusion of data that is not representative for the major peatland regions and of records that lack direct measurements of C density. Furthermore, we argue that their estimate cannot be reconciled within the constraints offered by ice-core and marine records of stable C isotopes and estimated contributions from other processes that affected the terrestrial C storage during the Holocene.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "peat" }, { "word": "carbon" }, { "word": "Holocene" }, { "word": "biogeochemistry" }, { "word": "carbon budget" }, { "word": "global carbon cycle" }, { "word": "peatland" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-11-28T00:48:38+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-12-04T15:56:40+01:00", "date_published": "2019-12-04T15:56:40+01:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/hynm7", "authors": [ { "pk": 3693, "first_name": "Zicheng", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yu", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0003-2358-2712" }, { "pk": 6166, "first_name": "Fortunat", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Joos", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7445, "first_name": "Thomas", "middle_name": "K.", "last_name": "Bauska", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8614, "first_name": "Benjamin", "middle_name": "D.", "last_name": "Stocker", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9548, "first_name": "Hubertus", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Fischer", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10225, "first_name": "Julie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Loisel", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10701, "first_name": "Victor", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Brovkin", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11025, "first_name": "Gustaf", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hugelius", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11271, "first_name": "Christoph", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Nehrbass-Ahles", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11444, "first_name": "Thomas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kleinen", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Biogeochemistry" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Yu_et_al_Comment_on_Nichols&Peteet_PeatC_NatGeosci_Preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/536/download/1167/" }, { "original_filename": "Yu_et_al_Comment_on_Nichols&Peteet_PeatC_NatGeosci_Preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/536/download/1168/" }, { "original_filename": "Yu_et_al_Comment_on_N&P_NatGeosci_2ndRevision_9Jan2021.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/536/download/4133/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 537, "title": "Local and remote influences on the heat content of Southern Ocean mode water formation regions.", "abstract": "The Southern Ocean (SO) is a crucial region for the global ocean uptake of heat and carbon. There are large uncertainties in the observations of fluxes of heat and carbon between the atmosphere and the ocean mixed layer, which leads to large uncertainties in the amount entering into the global overturning circulation. In order to better understand where and when fluxes of heat and momentum have the largest impact on near-surface heat content, we use an adjoint model to calculate the linear sensitivities of heat content in SO mode water formation regions to surface fluxes. We find that the heat content of these regions is, in all three basins, most sensitive to recent, local heat fluxes, and to non-local wind one to eight years previously. This is supported by the calculation of sensitivities to potential temperature changes at constant density, which reveal the sources of the mode water formation regions, and by sensitivities to potential temperature changes with varying density, which reveal dynamic links with boundary current regions, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, and wave-like features. A series of forward perturbation experiments in the fully non-linear model confirm that the adjoint model can accurately predict linear changes in heat content of fixed volume mode water formation regions. These experiments also highlight that nonlinear effects can be of importance, depending on the time and region investigated, and that the contribution of volume changes to heat content changes can be as large as or larger than the contribution from temperature changes.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Adjoint" }, { "word": "heat flux" }, { "word": "mode water" }, { "word": "sensitivity" }, { "word": "Southern Ocean" }, { "word": "wind stress" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-11-26T14:36:48+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-12-04T15:56:03+01:00", "date_published": "2019-12-04T15:56:03+01:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JC016585", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/c5xn6", "authors": [ { "pk": 3423, "first_name": "Emma", "middle_name": "Joan Douglas", "last_name": "Boland", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 3928, "first_name": "Dani", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jones", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-8701-4506" }, { "pk": 7116, "first_name": "Andrew", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Meijers", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 21398, "first_name": "Simon", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Josey", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5967, "first_name": "Gael", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Forget", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Oceanography" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "SOMWFR_manuscript.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/537/download/1169/" }, { "original_filename": "SOpv_submitted.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/537/download/1170/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/ynrcw", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 538, "title": "Accelerating numerical wave-propagation using wavefield adapted meshes, Part I: Forward and adjoint modelling", "abstract": "An order of magnitude speed-up in finite-element modelling of wave propagation can be achieved by adapting the mesh to the anticipated space-dependent complexity and smoothness of the waves. This can be achieved by designing the mesh not only to respect the local wavelengths, but also the propagation direction of the waves depending on the source location, hence by anisotropic adaptive mesh refinement. Discrete gradients with respect to material properties as needed in full waveform inversion can still be computed exactly, but at greatly reduced computational cost. \nIn order to do this, we explicitly distinguish the discretization of the model space from the discretization of the wavefield and derive the necessary expressions to map the discrete gradient into the model space. While the idea is applicable to any wave propagation problem that retains predictable smoothness in the solution, we highlight the idea of this approach with instructive 2D examples of forward as well as inverse elastic wave propagation.\nFurthermore, we apply the method to 3D global seismic wave simulations and demonstrate how meshes can be constructed that take advantage of high-order mappings from the reference coordinates of the finite elements to physical coordinates. Error level and speed-ups are estimated based on convergence tests with 1D and 3D models.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. 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If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "computational seismology" }, { "word": "Inverse theory" }, { "word": "wave propagation" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-11-26T10:10:06+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-12-04T15:46:09+01:00", "date_published": "2019-12-04T15:46:09+01:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/43ydf", "authors": [ { "pk": 5504, "first_name": "Martin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "van Driel", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 731, "first_name": "Christian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Boehm", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7398, "first_name": "Lion", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Krischer", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0001-5867-6634" }, { "pk": 936, "first_name": "Michael", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Afanasiev", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "smoothiesem-preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/538/download/1171/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 539, "title": "Urban Near-surface Seismic Monitoring using Distributed Acoustic Sensing", "abstract": "Urban subsurface monitoring requires high temporal-spatial resolution, low maintenance cost, and minimal intrusion to nearby life. Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS), in contrast to conventional station-based sensing technology, has the potential to provide a passive seismic solution to urban monitoring requirements. Based on data recorded by the Stanford Fiber Optic Seismic Observatory, we demonstrate that near-surface velocity changes induced by the excavation of a basement construction can be monitored using existing fiber optic infrastructure in a noisy urban environment. To achieve the satisfactory results, careful signal processing comprising of noise removal and source signature normalization are applied to raw DAS recordings. Repeated blast signals from quarry sites provide free, unidirectional, and near-impulsive sources for periodic urban seismic monitoring, which are essential for increasing the temporal resolution of passive seismic methods. 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Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [], "date_submitted": "2019-11-26T02:03:59+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-11-27T05:57:43+01:00", "date_published": "2019-11-27T05:57:43+01:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL086115", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/7n6ub", "authors": [ { "pk": 8711, "first_name": "Gang", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Fang", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6269, "first_name": "Yunyue", "middle_name": "Elita", "last_name": "Li", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 3868, "first_name": "Yumin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zhao", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 17293, "first_name": "Eileen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Martin", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering" }, { "name": "Civil Engineering" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Engineering" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "manuscript.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/539/download/1172/" }, { "original_filename": "manuscript.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/539/download/1173/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/6jp29", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 540, "title": "Dreibrodt et al.- Holocene erosion history in central Ukraine", "abstract": "The younger Quaternary erosion history was reconstructed in a catchment close to the Chalcolithic giant settlement Maidanetske, central Ukraine based on dated sediment sequences. Four trenches and a long percussion drill-core were analyzed in a valley grading from a Loess covered plateau towards the Talianky River. The sediments were dated via a combination of radiocarbon dating, optical stimulated luminescence (OSL) and embedded artefacts. A suspicious non-coincidence between phases of soil erosion and the settlement history at the site over long periods of the Holocene is noticeable and suggests a climatically driven erosion at the site. The detected phases of erosion during the past >20,000 years coincide with global (cal 27.6 +/- 1.3 kyrs BP, 12.0 +/- 0.4 kyrs BP), northern hemispheric (cal 8.5 ± 0.3 kyrs BP), Mediterranean (cal 3.93 ± 0.1 kyrs BP) as well as western to central European (2,700 to 2,000 cal BP) climate anomalies. For these anomalies, characterized by colder than usual conditions in western and central Europe and dry conditions in the eastern Mediterranean and the research area, a common trigger process seems possible. Increased occurrences of heavy precipitation events, probably during phases of a weakened vegetation cover, could explain the observed record. \nA comparison of the Ukrainian record with other European erosion records raises the question again about the contribution of climate variability on Holocene erosion processes. Whereas climatic influence might be easier detectable in Eastern Europe, with a comparatively late onset of intensive agricultural land use, in southern, central and western Europe the impact of climate variability might be masked to a part according to the long history of intensive agricultural land use. \nThe composition of the sediments implies changes of the slope-channel connectivity during the deposition history. Whereas the periglacial to early Holocene sediments were derived from the whole catchment area, since the mid-Holocene a tendency to lower slope storage of colluvial material and valley incision is noticeable.", "license": { "name": "Academic Free License (AFL) 3.0", "short_name": "AFL 3.0", "text": "Academic Free License (\"AFL\") v. 3.0\r\nThis Academic Free License (the \"License\") applies to any original work of authorship (the \"Original Work\") whose owner (the \"Licensor\") has placed the following licensing notice adjacent to the copyright notice for the Original Work:\r\n\r\nLicensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0\r\n\r\n1) Grant of Copyright License. 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However, You may modify the text of this License and copy, distribute or communicate your modified version (the \"Modified License\") and apply it to other original works of authorship subject to the following conditions: (i) You may not indicate in any way that your Modified License is the \"Academic Free License\" or \"AFL\" and you may not use those names in the name of your Modified License; (ii) You must replace the notice specified in the first paragraph above with the notice \"Licensed under <insert your license name here>\" or with a notice of your own that is not confusingly similar to the notice in this License; and (iii) You may not claim that your original works are open source software unless your Modified License has been approved by Open Source Initiative (OSI) and You comply with its license review and certification process.", "url": "http://opensource.org/licenses/AFL-3.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "soil erosion" }, { "word": "Ukraine" }, { "word": "climate and erosion" }, { "word": "connectivity" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-11-25T16:31:27+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-12-04T16:24:49+01:00", "date_published": "2019-12-04T16:24:49+01:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/tv9eh", "authors": [ { "pk": 713, "first_name": "Stefan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Dreibrodt", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5830, "first_name": "Robert", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hofmann", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7180, "first_name": "György", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sipos", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8397, "first_name": "Lorenz", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Schwark", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9381, "first_name": "Michail", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Videiko", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10123, "first_name": "Liudmyla", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Shatilo", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10627, "first_name": "Sarah", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Martini", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10973, "first_name": "Philipp", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Saggau", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11236, "first_name": "Rainer", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Duttmann", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11416, "first_name": "Hans-Rudolf", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bork", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geomorphology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "dreibrodt et al erosion central ukraine.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/540/download/1174/" }, { "original_filename": "dreibrodt et al erosion central ukraine.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/540/download/1175/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 541, "title": "Ferruginous oceans during OAE1a and collapse of the marine sulfate pool", "abstract": "Seawater sulfate is one of the largest oxidant pools at Earth’s surface today and its concentration in the oceans is generally assumed to have varied between 5 and 28 mM since the early Phanerozoic Eon. Intermittent and potentially global Oceanic Anoxic Events (OAEs) are accompanied by changes in seawater sulfate concentrations and signal perturbations in the Earth system associated with major climatic anomalies and biological crises. Ferruginous (Fe-rich) ocean conditions developed transiently during multiple OAEs, implying strong variability in seawater chemistry and global biogeochemical cycles. The precise evolution of seawater sulfate concentrations during OAEs, however, is uncertain and thus models that aim to mechanistically link oceanic anoxia to broad-scale disruptions in the Earth system remain equivocal. Here, we use analyses of Fe-speciation and redox sensitive trace metals in slope sediments deposited in the Tethys and Pacific oceans to constrain seawater sulfate concentrations and underlying dynamics in marine chemistry during OAE1a, ~120 Ma. We find that large parts of the global oceans were anoxic and ferruginous for more than 1 million years. Calculations show that the development of ferruginous conditions requires that seawater sulfate concentrations drop below 300 µM and possibly below 100 µM, which is an order of magnitude lower than previous minimum estimates. Such a collapse of the seawater sulfate pool over a time scale of only one-hundred thousand years is a key and previously unrecognized feature of Phanerozoic Earth surface redox budgets. Critically, this unprecedented sensitivity has potential to dramatically alter global biogeochemical cycles, marine biology, and climate on remarkably short timescales.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. 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Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [], "date_submitted": "2019-11-25T06:22:30+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-12-06T00:17:53+01:00", "date_published": "2019-12-06T00:17:53+01:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/n2b8e", "authors": [ { "pk": 4820, "first_name": "Kohen", "middle_name": "Witt", "last_name": "Bauer", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6349, "first_name": "Cinzia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bottini", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 734, "first_name": "Sergei", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Katsev", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 12493, "first_name": "Mark", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jellinek", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9642, "first_name": "Roger", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Francois", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10296, "first_name": "Elisabetta", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Erba", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 13674, "first_name": "Sean", "middle_name": "A.", "last_name": "Crowe", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geochemistry" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Bauer et al., 2019 - Merged File.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/541/download/1176/" }, { "original_filename": "Bauer et al., 2019 - Merged File.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/541/download/1177/" }, { "original_filename": "Bauer et al., 2021 - EarthArXivs.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/541/download/5269/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/74rta", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 542, "title": "The economic implications of using a truly preindustrial climate baseline", "abstract": "The pervasive impacts of climate change can result in scientific decisions having unforeseen societal implications. To demonstrate this, we explore the global and regional economic implications of adopting an earlier preindustrial baseline of 1400-1800 for climate policy targets instead of the commonly used early industrial period of 1850-1900 for which we have observational data. Because of early industrial emissions, the 1400-1800 period was slightly cooler than the 1850-1900 baseline, leaving less headroom before the Paris temperature target is reached and the associated carbon budget is exhausted. While this increases the mitigation costs of cutting emissions, the lower temperature headroom also reduces the expected residual climate impacts, resulting in a mean net economic saving to the world as a whole. The less developed regions in the global South, which have the lowest historic emissions, would see the biggest savings from adopting the earlier preindustrial baseline. Meanwhile, different blocs in the global North are set to experience comparatively small extra costs or no changes at all. Following the IPCC Special Report on the 1.5 °C world, these findings further highlight the need to consider the equity dimension of climate policy.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. 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Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "climate change" }, { "word": "Climate-Economic" }, { "word": "PAGE" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-11-22T19:23:52+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-12-04T15:36:43+01:00", "date_published": "2019-12-04T15:36:43+01:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/j43f8", "authors": [ { "pk": 5533, "first_name": "Dmitry", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yumashev", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 736, "first_name": "Christopher", "middle_name": "M", "last_name": "Brierley", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Climate" }, { "name": "Geography" }, { "name": "Human Geography" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Social and Behavioral Sciences" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "YumashevBrierley_submitted.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/542/download/1178/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 543, "title": "Effects of off-fault inelasticity on near-fault directivity pulses", "abstract": "Near-fault motion is often dominated by long-period, pulse-like particle velocities with fault-normal polarization that, when enhanced by directivity, may strongly excite mid- to high-rise structures. We assess the extent to which plastic yielding may affect amplitude, frequency content, and distance scaling of near-fault directivity pulses. Dynamic simulations of 3D strike-slip ruptures reveal significant plasticity effects, and these persist when geometrical fault roughness is added. With and without off-fault yielding, these models (~ M 7) predict fault-normal pulse behavior similar to that of observed pulses (periods of 2-5 seconds, amplitudes increasing with rupture distance until approaching a limit), but yielding systematically reduces pulse amplitude and increases the dominant period. Yielding causes near-fault (< ~2 km) peak ground velocity (PGV) to saturate with respect to increases in both stress drop and epicentral distance, and at small distance to rupture, yielding may contribute significantly to the observed magnitude saturation of PGV. The results support the following elements for functional forms in empirical pulse models: (i) a fault-normal distance saturation factor, (ii) a period-dependent and along-strike distance-dependent factor representing directivity, and (iii) an along-strike saturation factor to truncate growth of the directivity factor. In addition to the foregoing effects on long-period fault-normal pulses, the model with off-fault plasticity is very efficient in suppressing the high-frequency fault-parallel acceleration pulses that otherwise develop when local supershear rupture transients occur. The latter result may explain, at least in part, the absence of an observable Mach wave signature from supershear rupture.", "license": { "name": "Academic Free License (AFL) 3.0", "short_name": "AFL 3.0", "text": "Academic Free License (\"AFL\") v. 3.0\r\nThis Academic Free License (the \"License\") applies to any original work of authorship (the \"Original Work\") whose owner (the \"Licensor\") has placed the following licensing notice adjacent to the copyright notice for the Original Work:\r\n\r\nLicensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0\r\n\r\n1) Grant of Copyright License. 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You must retain, in the Source Code of any Derivative Works that You create, all copyright, patent, or trademark notices from the Source Code of the Original Work, as well as any notices of licensing and any descriptive text identified therein as an \"Attribution Notice.\" You must cause the Source Code for any Derivative Works that You create to carry a prominent Attribution Notice reasonably calculated to inform recipients that You have modified the Original Work.\r\n\r\n7) Warranty of Provenance and Disclaimer of Warranty. Licensor warrants that the copyright in and to the Original Work and the patent rights granted herein by Licensor are owned by the Licensor or are sublicensed to You under the terms of this License with the permission of the contributor(s) of those copyrights and patent rights. Except as expressly stated in the immediately preceding sentence, the Original Work is provided under this License on an \"AS IS\" BASIS and WITHOUT WARRANTY, either express or implied, including, without limitation, the warranties of non-infringement, merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY OF THE ORIGINAL WORK IS WITH YOU. This DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY constitutes an essential part of this License. No license to the Original Work is granted by this License except under this disclaimer.\r\n\r\n8) Limitation of Liability. Under no circumstances and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, shall the Licensor be liable to anyone for any indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or the use of the Original Work including, without limitation, damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses. This limitation of liability shall not apply to the extent applicable law prohibits such limitation.\r\n\r\n9) Acceptance and Termination. If, at any time, You expressly assented to this License, that assent indicates your clear and irrevocable acceptance of this License and all of its terms and conditions. If You distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work or a Derivative Work, You must make a reasonable effort under the circumstances to obtain the express assent of recipients to the terms of this License. This License conditions your rights to undertake the activities listed in Section 1, including your right to create Derivative Works based upon the Original Work, and doing so without honoring these terms and conditions is prohibited by copyright law and international treaty. Nothing in this License is intended to affect copyright exceptions and limitations (including \"fair use\" or \"fair dealing\"). This License shall terminate immediately and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License upon your failure to honor the conditions in Section 1(c).\r\n\r\n10) Termination for Patent Action. This License shall terminate automatically and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License as of the date You commence an action, including a cross-claim or counterclaim, against Licensor or any licensee alleging that the Original Work infringes a patent. This termination provision shall not apply for an action alleging patent infringement by combinations of the Original Work with other software or hardware.\r\n\r\n11) Jurisdiction, Venue and Governing Law. Any action or suit relating to this License may be brought only in the courts of a jurisdiction wherein the Licensor resides or in which Licensor conducts its primary business, and under the laws of that jurisdiction excluding its conflict-of-law provisions. The application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is expressly excluded. Any use of the Original Work outside the scope of this License or after its termination shall be subject to the requirements and penalties of copyright or patent law in the appropriate jurisdiction. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n12) Attorneys' Fees. In any action to enforce the terms of this License or seeking damages relating thereto, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover its costs and expenses, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and costs incurred in connection with such action, including any appeal of such action. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n13) Miscellaneous. If any provision of this License is held to be unenforceable, such provision shall be reformed only to the extent necessary to make it enforceable.\r\n\r\n14) Definition of \"You\" in This License. \"You\" throughout this License, whether in upper or lower case, means an individual or a legal entity exercising rights under, and complying with all of the terms of, this License. For legal entities, \"You\" includes any entity that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with you. For purposes of this definition, \"control\" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.\r\n\r\n15) Right to Use. You may use the Original Work in all ways not otherwise restricted or conditioned by this License or by law, and Licensor promises not to interfere with or be responsible for such uses by You.\r\n\r\n16) Modification of This License. This License is Copyright © 2005 Lawrence Rosen. Permission is granted to copy, distribute, or communicate this License without modification. Nothing in this License permits You to modify this License as applied to the Original Work or to Derivative Works. However, You may modify the text of this License and copy, distribute or communicate your modified version (the \"Modified License\") and apply it to other original works of authorship subject to the following conditions: (i) You may not indicate in any way that your Modified License is the \"Academic Free License\" or \"AFL\" and you may not use those names in the name of your Modified License; (ii) You must replace the notice specified in the first paragraph above with the notice \"Licensed under <insert your license name here>\" or with a notice of your own that is not confusingly similar to the notice in this License; and (iii) You may not claim that your original works are open source software unless your Modified License has been approved by Open Source Initiative (OSI) and You comply with its license review and certification process.", "url": "http://opensource.org/licenses/AFL-3.0" }, "keywords": [], "date_submitted": "2019-11-22T07:19:30+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-11-27T05:56:39+01:00", "date_published": "2019-11-27T05:56:39+01:00", "doi": "http://doi.org/10.1029/2019JB019074", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/2ag6h", "authors": [ { "pk": 737, "first_name": "Yongfei", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wang", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6400, "first_name": "Steven", "middle_name": "M.", "last_name": "Day", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering" }, { "name": "Engineering" }, { "name": "Geotechnical Engineering" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "WangDay2019.docx", "mime_type": "application/msword", "download_url": "/repository/object/543/download/1179/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/b75qy", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 584, "title": "Gulf Stream and Kuroshio Current are synchronized", "abstract": "Observational records show that sea surface temperatures along the Gulf Stream and Kuroshio tend to synchronize at decadal time scales. This synchronization, which we refer to as the Boundary Current Synchronization (BCS), is reproduced in global climate models with high spatial resolution. Both in observations and model simulations, BCS is associated with meridional migrations of the atmospheric jet stream. Changes in the strength and path of the ocean currents driven by the jet shifts lead to the synchronicity of surface temperatures. Numerical simulations using a conceptual model and an atmospheric general circulation model are consistent with a notion that BCS is an interbasin air-sea coupled mode. The abnormally hot summer in 2018 over the Northern Hemispheric extratropics is explained by the positive phase of BCS.", "license": { "name": "Academic Free License (AFL) 3.0", "short_name": "AFL 3.0", "text": "Academic Free License (\"AFL\") v. 3.0\r\nThis Academic Free License (the \"License\") applies to any original work of authorship (the \"Original Work\") whose owner (the \"Licensor\") has placed the following licensing notice adjacent to the copyright notice for the Original Work:\r\n\r\nLicensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0\r\n\r\n1) Grant of Copyright License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, for the duration of the copyright, to do the following:\r\n\r\na) to reproduce the Original Work in copies, either alone or as part of a collective work;\r\n\r\nb) to translate, adapt, alter, transform, modify, or arrange the Original Work, thereby creating derivative works (\"Derivative Works\") based upon the Original Work;\r\n\r\nc) to distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work and Derivative Works to the public, under any license of your choice that does not contradict the terms and conditions, including Licensor's reserved rights and remedies, in this Academic Free License;\r\n\r\nd) to perform the Original Work publicly; and\r\n\r\ne) to display the Original Work publicly.\r\n\r\n2) Grant of Patent License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, under patent claims owned or controlled by the Licensor that are embodied in the Original Work as furnished by the Licensor, for the duration of the patents, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, and import the Original Work and Derivative Works.\r\n\r\n3) Grant of Source Code License. The term \"Source Code\" means the preferred form of the Original Work for making modifications to it and all available documentation describing how to modify the Original Work. Licensor agrees to provide a machine-readable copy of the Source Code of the Original Work along with each copy of the Original Work that Licensor distributes. Licensor reserves the right to satisfy this obligation by placing a machine-readable copy of the Source Code in an information repository reasonably calculated to permit inexpensive and convenient access by You for as long as Licensor continues to distribute the Original Work.\r\n\r\n4) Exclusions From License Grant. Neither the names of Licensor, nor the names of any contributors to the Original Work, nor any of their trademarks or service marks, may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this Original Work without express prior permission of the Licensor. Except as expressly stated herein, nothing in this License grants any license to Licensor's trademarks, copyrights, patents, trade secrets or any other intellectual property. No patent license is granted to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, or import embodiments of any patent claims other than the licensed claims defined in Section 2. No license is granted to the trademarks of Licensor even if such marks are included in the Original Work. Nothing in this License shall be interpreted to prohibit Licensor from licensing under terms different from this License any Original Work that Licensor otherwise would have a right to license.\r\n\r\n5) External Deployment. The term \"External Deployment\" means the use, distribution, or communication of the Original Work or Derivative Works in any way such that the Original Work or Derivative Works may be used by anyone other than You, whether those works are distributed or communicated to those persons or made available as an application intended for use over a network. As an express condition for the grants of license hereunder, You must treat any External Deployment by You of the Original Work or a Derivative Work as a distribution under section 1(c).\r\n\r\n6) Attribution Rights. You must retain, in the Source Code of any Derivative Works that You create, all copyright, patent, or trademark notices from the Source Code of the Original Work, as well as any notices of licensing and any descriptive text identified therein as an \"Attribution Notice.\" You must cause the Source Code for any Derivative Works that You create to carry a prominent Attribution Notice reasonably calculated to inform recipients that You have modified the Original Work.\r\n\r\n7) Warranty of Provenance and Disclaimer of Warranty. Licensor warrants that the copyright in and to the Original Work and the patent rights granted herein by Licensor are owned by the Licensor or are sublicensed to You under the terms of this License with the permission of the contributor(s) of those copyrights and patent rights. Except as expressly stated in the immediately preceding sentence, the Original Work is provided under this License on an \"AS IS\" BASIS and WITHOUT WARRANTY, either express or implied, including, without limitation, the warranties of non-infringement, merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY OF THE ORIGINAL WORK IS WITH YOU. This DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY constitutes an essential part of this License. No license to the Original Work is granted by this License except under this disclaimer.\r\n\r\n8) Limitation of Liability. Under no circumstances and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, shall the Licensor be liable to anyone for any indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or the use of the Original Work including, without limitation, damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses. This limitation of liability shall not apply to the extent applicable law prohibits such limitation.\r\n\r\n9) Acceptance and Termination. If, at any time, You expressly assented to this License, that assent indicates your clear and irrevocable acceptance of this License and all of its terms and conditions. If You distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work or a Derivative Work, You must make a reasonable effort under the circumstances to obtain the express assent of recipients to the terms of this License. This License conditions your rights to undertake the activities listed in Section 1, including your right to create Derivative Works based upon the Original Work, and doing so without honoring these terms and conditions is prohibited by copyright law and international treaty. Nothing in this License is intended to affect copyright exceptions and limitations (including \"fair use\" or \"fair dealing\"). This License shall terminate immediately and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License upon your failure to honor the conditions in Section 1(c).\r\n\r\n10) Termination for Patent Action. This License shall terminate automatically and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License as of the date You commence an action, including a cross-claim or counterclaim, against Licensor or any licensee alleging that the Original Work infringes a patent. This termination provision shall not apply for an action alleging patent infringement by combinations of the Original Work with other software or hardware.\r\n\r\n11) Jurisdiction, Venue and Governing Law. Any action or suit relating to this License may be brought only in the courts of a jurisdiction wherein the Licensor resides or in which Licensor conducts its primary business, and under the laws of that jurisdiction excluding its conflict-of-law provisions. The application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is expressly excluded. Any use of the Original Work outside the scope of this License or after its termination shall be subject to the requirements and penalties of copyright or patent law in the appropriate jurisdiction. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n12) Attorneys' Fees. In any action to enforce the terms of this License or seeking damages relating thereto, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover its costs and expenses, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and costs incurred in connection with such action, including any appeal of such action. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n13) Miscellaneous. If any provision of this License is held to be unenforceable, such provision shall be reformed only to the extent necessary to make it enforceable.\r\n\r\n14) Definition of \"You\" in This License. \"You\" throughout this License, whether in upper or lower case, means an individual or a legal entity exercising rights under, and complying with all of the terms of, this License. For legal entities, \"You\" includes any entity that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with you. For purposes of this definition, \"control\" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.\r\n\r\n15) Right to Use. You may use the Original Work in all ways not otherwise restricted or conditioned by this License or by law, and Licensor promises not to interfere with or be responsible for such uses by You.\r\n\r\n16) Modification of This License. This License is Copyright © 2005 Lawrence Rosen. Permission is granted to copy, distribute, or communicate this License without modification. Nothing in this License permits You to modify this License as applied to the Original Work or to Derivative Works. However, You may modify the text of this License and copy, distribute or communicate your modified version (the \"Modified License\") and apply it to other original works of authorship subject to the following conditions: (i) You may not indicate in any way that your Modified License is the \"Academic Free License\" or \"AFL\" and you may not use those names in the name of your Modified License; (ii) You must replace the notice specified in the first paragraph above with the notice \"Licensed under <insert your license name here>\" or with a notice of your own that is not confusingly similar to the notice in this License; and (iii) You may not claim that your original works are open source software unless your Modified License has been approved by Open Source Initiative (OSI) and You comply with its license review and certification process.", "url": "http://opensource.org/licenses/AFL-3.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "air-sea interaction" }, { "word": "atmospheric jet stream" }, { "word": "midlatitudes" }, { "word": "western boundary current" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-10-31T08:13:49+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-11-05T13:31:37+01:00", "date_published": "2019-11-05T13:31:37+01:00", "doi": "http://doi.org/10.1126/science.abh3295", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/6c9bd", "authors": [ { "pk": 4735, "first_name": "Tsubasa", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kohyama", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-5606-2062" }, { "pk": 6067, "first_name": "Hiroaki", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Miura", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7368, "first_name": "Shoichiro", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kido", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Atmospheric Sciences" }, { "name": "Climate" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "GRL_KMK18_arxiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/584/download/1280/" }, { "original_filename": "GRL_KMK18_arxiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/584/download/1281/" }, { "original_filename": "sci_KYMKTW20_ver3.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/584/download/5130/" }, { "original_filename": "sci_KYMKTW20_ver3.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/584/download/5135/" }, { "original_filename": "sci_KYMKTW20_ver3.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/584/download/5136/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 545, "title": "A 2,000-year Bayesian NAO reconstruction from the Iberian Peninsula", "abstract": "The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is the major atmospheric mode that controls winter European climate variability because its strength and phase determine regional temperature, precipitation and storm tracks. The NAO spatial structure and associated climatic impacts over Europe are not stationary making it crucial to understanding its past evolution in order to improve the predictability of future scenarios. In this regard, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of studies aimed at reconstructing past NAO variability, but the information related to decadal-scale NAO evolution beyond the last millennium is scarce and inconclusive. We present a new 2,000-year multi-annual, proxy-based reconstruction of local NAO impact, with associated uncertainties, obtained by a Bayesian approach. This new local NAO reconstruction is obtained from a mountain lacustrine sedimentary archive of the Iberian Peninsula. This geographical area is not included in previous NAO reconstructions despite being a widely used region for instrumental-based NAO measurements. We assess the main external forcings (i.e., volcanic eruptions and solar activity) on NAO variability which, on a decadal scale, show that a low number of sunspots correlate to low NAO values. By comparison with other previously published NAO reconstructions in our analyses we can test the stationarity of the solar influence on the NAO signal across a latitudinal gradient based on the position of the employed archives for each NAO reconstruction. Inconclusive results on the volcanic forcing on NAO variability over decadal time-scales indicates the need for further studies. Moreover, we highlight the potential role of other North Atlantic modes of variability (i.e., East Atlantic pattern) on the non-stationary behaviour of the NAO throughout the Common Era, likely via solar forcing.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Lake sediments" }, { "word": "paleoclimate" }, { "word": "Holocene" }, { "word": "Bayesian modeling" }, { "word": "Climate forcings" }, { "word": "Iberian Peninsula" }, { "word": "Modes of Variability" }, { "word": "NAO" }, { "word": "Solar Activity" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-11-21T12:06:35+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-11-27T05:59:07+01:00", "date_published": "2019-11-27T05:59:07+01:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-71372-5", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/p7ft6", "authors": [ { "pk": 740, "first_name": "Armand", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hernández", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6439, "first_name": "Guiomar", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sánchez-López", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 741, "first_name": "Sergi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pla-Rabes", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 742, "first_name": "Laia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Comas-Bru", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 319, "first_name": "Andrew", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Parnell", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10342, "first_name": "Niamh", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cahill", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10779, "first_name": "Adelina", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Geyer", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11083, "first_name": "Ricardo", "middle_name": "M", "last_name": "Trigo", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11313, "first_name": "Santiago", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Giralt", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Applied Statistics" }, { "name": "Climate" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Other Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Statistics and Probability" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Bayesian_NAO_SR_Review_Notrack_Biblio_EarthArxiv.docx", "mime_type": "application/msword", "download_url": "/repository/object/545/download/1182/" }, { "original_filename": "Bayesian_NAO_SR_Review_Notrack_Biblio_EarthArxiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/545/download/1183/" }, { "original_filename": "Bayesian_NAO_FINAL_EarthArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/545/download/1184/" }, { "original_filename": "Bayesian_NAO_FINAL_EarthArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/545/download/1185/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 546, "title": "Revised timing of Cenozoic Atlantic incursions and changing hinterland sediment sources during southern Patagonian orogenesis", "abstract": "New detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology data from the Cenozoic Magallanes-Austral Basin in Argentina and Chile ~51°S establish a revised chronostratigraphy of Paleocene – Miocene foreland synorogenic strata and document the rise and subsequent isolation of hinterland sources in the Patagonian Andes from the continental margin. The upsection loss of zircons derived from the hinterland Paleozoic and Late Jurassic sources between ca. 60-44 Ma documents a major shift in sediment routing due to Paleogene orogenesis in the greater Patagonian-Fuegian Andes. Changes in the proportion of grains from hinterland thrust sheets, comprised of Jurassic volcanics and Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks, provide a trackable signal of long-term shifts in orogenic drainage divide and topographic isolation due to widening of the retroarc fold-thrust belt. Youngest detrital zircon U-Pb ages confirm timing of Maastrichtian – Eocene strata, but require substantial age revisions for part of the overlying Cenozoic basinfill during the late Eocene and Oligocene. The upper Río Turbio Formation, previously mapped as middle to late Eocene in the published record, records a newly recognized latest Eocene-Oligocene (37-27 Ma) marine incursion along the basin margin. We suggest that these deposits could be genetically linked to the distally placed units along the Atlantic coast, including the El Huemul Formation and the younger San Julián Formation, via an eastward deepening within the foreland basin system that culminated in a basin-wide Oligocene marine incursion in the Southern Andes. The overlying Río Guillermo Formation records onset of tectonically generated coarse-grained detritus ca. 24.3 Ma and a transition to the first fully nonmarine conditions on the proximal Patagonian platform since Late Cretaceous time, perhaps signaling a Cordilleran-scale upper plate response to increased plate convergence and tectonic plate reorganization.", "license": { "name": "Academic Free License (AFL) 3.0", "short_name": "AFL 3.0", "text": "Academic Free License (\"AFL\") v. 3.0\r\nThis Academic Free License (the \"License\") applies to any original work of authorship (the \"Original Work\") whose owner (the \"Licensor\") has placed the following licensing notice adjacent to the copyright notice for the Original Work:\r\n\r\nLicensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0\r\n\r\n1) Grant of Copyright License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, for the duration of the copyright, to do the following:\r\n\r\na) to reproduce the Original Work in copies, either alone or as part of a collective work;\r\n\r\nb) to translate, adapt, alter, transform, modify, or arrange the Original Work, thereby creating derivative works (\"Derivative Works\") based upon the Original Work;\r\n\r\nc) to distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work and Derivative Works to the public, under any license of your choice that does not contradict the terms and conditions, including Licensor's reserved rights and remedies, in this Academic Free License;\r\n\r\nd) to perform the Original Work publicly; and\r\n\r\ne) to display the Original Work publicly.\r\n\r\n2) Grant of Patent License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, under patent claims owned or controlled by the Licensor that are embodied in the Original Work as furnished by the Licensor, for the duration of the patents, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, and import the Original Work and Derivative Works.\r\n\r\n3) Grant of Source Code License. The term \"Source Code\" means the preferred form of the Original Work for making modifications to it and all available documentation describing how to modify the Original Work. Licensor agrees to provide a machine-readable copy of the Source Code of the Original Work along with each copy of the Original Work that Licensor distributes. Licensor reserves the right to satisfy this obligation by placing a machine-readable copy of the Source Code in an information repository reasonably calculated to permit inexpensive and convenient access by You for as long as Licensor continues to distribute the Original Work.\r\n\r\n4) Exclusions From License Grant. Neither the names of Licensor, nor the names of any contributors to the Original Work, nor any of their trademarks or service marks, may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this Original Work without express prior permission of the Licensor. Except as expressly stated herein, nothing in this License grants any license to Licensor's trademarks, copyrights, patents, trade secrets or any other intellectual property. No patent license is granted to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, or import embodiments of any patent claims other than the licensed claims defined in Section 2. No license is granted to the trademarks of Licensor even if such marks are included in the Original Work. Nothing in this License shall be interpreted to prohibit Licensor from licensing under terms different from this License any Original Work that Licensor otherwise would have a right to license.\r\n\r\n5) External Deployment. The term \"External Deployment\" means the use, distribution, or communication of the Original Work or Derivative Works in any way such that the Original Work or Derivative Works may be used by anyone other than You, whether those works are distributed or communicated to those persons or made available as an application intended for use over a network. As an express condition for the grants of license hereunder, You must treat any External Deployment by You of the Original Work or a Derivative Work as a distribution under section 1(c).\r\n\r\n6) Attribution Rights. You must retain, in the Source Code of any Derivative Works that You create, all copyright, patent, or trademark notices from the Source Code of the Original Work, as well as any notices of licensing and any descriptive text identified therein as an \"Attribution Notice.\" You must cause the Source Code for any Derivative Works that You create to carry a prominent Attribution Notice reasonably calculated to inform recipients that You have modified the Original Work.\r\n\r\n7) Warranty of Provenance and Disclaimer of Warranty. Licensor warrants that the copyright in and to the Original Work and the patent rights granted herein by Licensor are owned by the Licensor or are sublicensed to You under the terms of this License with the permission of the contributor(s) of those copyrights and patent rights. Except as expressly stated in the immediately preceding sentence, the Original Work is provided under this License on an \"AS IS\" BASIS and WITHOUT WARRANTY, either express or implied, including, without limitation, the warranties of non-infringement, merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY OF THE ORIGINAL WORK IS WITH YOU. This DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY constitutes an essential part of this License. No license to the Original Work is granted by this License except under this disclaimer.\r\n\r\n8) Limitation of Liability. Under no circumstances and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, shall the Licensor be liable to anyone for any indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or the use of the Original Work including, without limitation, damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses. This limitation of liability shall not apply to the extent applicable law prohibits such limitation.\r\n\r\n9) Acceptance and Termination. If, at any time, You expressly assented to this License, that assent indicates your clear and irrevocable acceptance of this License and all of its terms and conditions. If You distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work or a Derivative Work, You must make a reasonable effort under the circumstances to obtain the express assent of recipients to the terms of this License. This License conditions your rights to undertake the activities listed in Section 1, including your right to create Derivative Works based upon the Original Work, and doing so without honoring these terms and conditions is prohibited by copyright law and international treaty. Nothing in this License is intended to affect copyright exceptions and limitations (including \"fair use\" or \"fair dealing\"). This License shall terminate immediately and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License upon your failure to honor the conditions in Section 1(c).\r\n\r\n10) Termination for Patent Action. This License shall terminate automatically and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License as of the date You commence an action, including a cross-claim or counterclaim, against Licensor or any licensee alleging that the Original Work infringes a patent. This termination provision shall not apply for an action alleging patent infringement by combinations of the Original Work with other software or hardware.\r\n\r\n11) Jurisdiction, Venue and Governing Law. Any action or suit relating to this License may be brought only in the courts of a jurisdiction wherein the Licensor resides or in which Licensor conducts its primary business, and under the laws of that jurisdiction excluding its conflict-of-law provisions. The application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is expressly excluded. Any use of the Original Work outside the scope of this License or after its termination shall be subject to the requirements and penalties of copyright or patent law in the appropriate jurisdiction. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n12) Attorneys' Fees. In any action to enforce the terms of this License or seeking damages relating thereto, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover its costs and expenses, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and costs incurred in connection with such action, including any appeal of such action. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n13) Miscellaneous. If any provision of this License is held to be unenforceable, such provision shall be reformed only to the extent necessary to make it enforceable.\r\n\r\n14) Definition of \"You\" in This License. \"You\" throughout this License, whether in upper or lower case, means an individual or a legal entity exercising rights under, and complying with all of the terms of, this License. For legal entities, \"You\" includes any entity that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with you. For purposes of this definition, \"control\" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.\r\n\r\n15) Right to Use. You may use the Original Work in all ways not otherwise restricted or conditioned by this License or by law, and Licensor promises not to interfere with or be responsible for such uses by You.\r\n\r\n16) Modification of This License. This License is Copyright © 2005 Lawrence Rosen. Permission is granted to copy, distribute, or communicate this License without modification. Nothing in this License permits You to modify this License as applied to the Original Work or to Derivative Works. However, You may modify the text of this License and copy, distribute or communicate your modified version (the \"Modified License\") and apply it to other original works of authorship subject to the following conditions: (i) You may not indicate in any way that your Modified License is the \"Academic Free License\" or \"AFL\" and you may not use those names in the name of your Modified License; (ii) You must replace the notice specified in the first paragraph above with the notice \"Licensed under <insert your license name here>\" or with a notice of your own that is not confusingly similar to the notice in this License; and (iii) You may not claim that your original works are open source software unless your Modified License has been approved by Open Source Initiative (OSI) and You comply with its license review and certification process.", "url": "http://opensource.org/licenses/AFL-3.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Cenozoic" }, { "word": "Foreland Basins" }, { "word": "Magallanes-Austral Basin" }, { "word": "Patagonian Andes" }, { "word": "Sedimentary Provenance" }, { "word": "U-Pb Geochronology" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-11-21T03:53:02+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-11-21T14:57:05+01:00", "date_published": "2019-11-21T14:57:05+01:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/vqkds", "authors": [ { "pk": 743, "first_name": "Julie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Fosdick", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6495, "first_name": "Rebecca", "middle_name": "A", "last_name": "VanderLeest", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7738, "first_name": "Enrique", "middle_name": "J", "last_name": "Bostelmann", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6272, "first_name": "Joel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Leonard", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9714, "first_name": "Raúl", "middle_name": "Ugalde", "last_name": "Peralta", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10354, "first_name": "Michael", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Griffin", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10790, "first_name": "José", "middle_name": "Luis", "last_name": "Oyarzún", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geochemistry" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Stratigraphy" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Fosdick_etal_MagChron_Preprint_r1.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/546/download/1186/" }, { "original_filename": "Fosdick_etal_MagChron_Preprint_r1.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/546/download/1187/" }, { "original_filename": "Fosdick_etal_MagChron_Preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/546/download/1188/" }, { "original_filename": "Fosdick_etal_MagChron_Preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/546/download/1189/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 547, "title": "Effects of groundwater pumping on ground surface temperature: A regional modeling study in the North China Plain", "abstract": "Over-exploitation of groundwater (GW) in the North China Plain (NCP) since the 1960s has many environmental consequences. However, understanding of the dominant mechanisms remains limited, particularly at the regional scale. In this study, the coupled ParFlow.CLM model representing subsurface and land-surface processes and their interactions was applied in the NCP at high spatio-temporal resolutions. The model was validated using the water and energy fluxes reported in previous studies and from the JRA-55 reanalysis. Numerical experiments were designed to examine the relative impacts of GW pumping and irrigation on the ground surface temperature (GST). Results showed significant effects of GW pumping on GST in the NCP. Generally, the subsurface acts as a buffer to temporal variations in heat fluxes at the land-surface, but long-term pumping can gradually weaken this buffer, resulting in increases in the spatio-temporal variability of GST, as exemplified by hotter summers and colder winters. Considering that changes of water table depth (WTD) can significantly affect land surface heat fluxes when WTD ranges roughly between 1–10 m, the 0.5 m/year increase of WTD simulated by the model due to pumping can continue to increase the average WTD and hence, GST, for about 20 years from the pre-pumping WTD in the NCP, before the WTD exceeds 10 m. The increase of GST is expected to be faster initially and gradually slow down due to the nonlinear increase of GST with WTD. The findings from this study in the NCP may also have implications for other regions with GW depletion.", "license": { "name": "Academic Free License (AFL) 3.0", "short_name": "AFL 3.0", "text": "Academic Free License (\"AFL\") v. 3.0\r\nThis Academic Free License (the \"License\") applies to any original work of authorship (the \"Original Work\") whose owner (the \"Licensor\") has placed the following licensing notice adjacent to the copyright notice for the Original Work:\r\n\r\nLicensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0\r\n\r\n1) Grant of Copyright License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, for the duration of the copyright, to do the following:\r\n\r\na) to reproduce the Original Work in copies, either alone or as part of a collective work;\r\n\r\nb) to translate, adapt, alter, transform, modify, or arrange the Original Work, thereby creating derivative works (\"Derivative Works\") based upon the Original Work;\r\n\r\nc) to distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work and Derivative Works to the public, under any license of your choice that does not contradict the terms and conditions, including Licensor's reserved rights and remedies, in this Academic Free License;\r\n\r\nd) to perform the Original Work publicly; and\r\n\r\ne) to display the Original Work publicly.\r\n\r\n2) Grant of Patent License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, under patent claims owned or controlled by the Licensor that are embodied in the Original Work as furnished by the Licensor, for the duration of the patents, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, and import the Original Work and Derivative Works.\r\n\r\n3) Grant of Source Code License. The term \"Source Code\" means the preferred form of the Original Work for making modifications to it and all available documentation describing how to modify the Original Work. Licensor agrees to provide a machine-readable copy of the Source Code of the Original Work along with each copy of the Original Work that Licensor distributes. Licensor reserves the right to satisfy this obligation by placing a machine-readable copy of the Source Code in an information repository reasonably calculated to permit inexpensive and convenient access by You for as long as Licensor continues to distribute the Original Work.\r\n\r\n4) Exclusions From License Grant. Neither the names of Licensor, nor the names of any contributors to the Original Work, nor any of their trademarks or service marks, may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this Original Work without express prior permission of the Licensor. Except as expressly stated herein, nothing in this License grants any license to Licensor's trademarks, copyrights, patents, trade secrets or any other intellectual property. No patent license is granted to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, or import embodiments of any patent claims other than the licensed claims defined in Section 2. No license is granted to the trademarks of Licensor even if such marks are included in the Original Work. Nothing in this License shall be interpreted to prohibit Licensor from licensing under terms different from this License any Original Work that Licensor otherwise would have a right to license.\r\n\r\n5) External Deployment. The term \"External Deployment\" means the use, distribution, or communication of the Original Work or Derivative Works in any way such that the Original Work or Derivative Works may be used by anyone other than You, whether those works are distributed or communicated to those persons or made available as an application intended for use over a network. As an express condition for the grants of license hereunder, You must treat any External Deployment by You of the Original Work or a Derivative Work as a distribution under section 1(c).\r\n\r\n6) Attribution Rights. You must retain, in the Source Code of any Derivative Works that You create, all copyright, patent, or trademark notices from the Source Code of the Original Work, as well as any notices of licensing and any descriptive text identified therein as an \"Attribution Notice.\" You must cause the Source Code for any Derivative Works that You create to carry a prominent Attribution Notice reasonably calculated to inform recipients that You have modified the Original Work.\r\n\r\n7) Warranty of Provenance and Disclaimer of Warranty. Licensor warrants that the copyright in and to the Original Work and the patent rights granted herein by Licensor are owned by the Licensor or are sublicensed to You under the terms of this License with the permission of the contributor(s) of those copyrights and patent rights. Except as expressly stated in the immediately preceding sentence, the Original Work is provided under this License on an \"AS IS\" BASIS and WITHOUT WARRANTY, either express or implied, including, without limitation, the warranties of non-infringement, merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY OF THE ORIGINAL WORK IS WITH YOU. This DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY constitutes an essential part of this License. No license to the Original Work is granted by this License except under this disclaimer.\r\n\r\n8) Limitation of Liability. Under no circumstances and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, shall the Licensor be liable to anyone for any indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or the use of the Original Work including, without limitation, damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses. This limitation of liability shall not apply to the extent applicable law prohibits such limitation.\r\n\r\n9) Acceptance and Termination. If, at any time, You expressly assented to this License, that assent indicates your clear and irrevocable acceptance of this License and all of its terms and conditions. If You distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work or a Derivative Work, You must make a reasonable effort under the circumstances to obtain the express assent of recipients to the terms of this License. This License conditions your rights to undertake the activities listed in Section 1, including your right to create Derivative Works based upon the Original Work, and doing so without honoring these terms and conditions is prohibited by copyright law and international treaty. Nothing in this License is intended to affect copyright exceptions and limitations (including \"fair use\" or \"fair dealing\"). This License shall terminate immediately and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License upon your failure to honor the conditions in Section 1(c).\r\n\r\n10) Termination for Patent Action. This License shall terminate automatically and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License as of the date You commence an action, including a cross-claim or counterclaim, against Licensor or any licensee alleging that the Original Work infringes a patent. This termination provision shall not apply for an action alleging patent infringement by combinations of the Original Work with other software or hardware.\r\n\r\n11) Jurisdiction, Venue and Governing Law. Any action or suit relating to this License may be brought only in the courts of a jurisdiction wherein the Licensor resides or in which Licensor conducts its primary business, and under the laws of that jurisdiction excluding its conflict-of-law provisions. The application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is expressly excluded. Any use of the Original Work outside the scope of this License or after its termination shall be subject to the requirements and penalties of copyright or patent law in the appropriate jurisdiction. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n12) Attorneys' Fees. In any action to enforce the terms of this License or seeking damages relating thereto, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover its costs and expenses, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and costs incurred in connection with such action, including any appeal of such action. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n13) Miscellaneous. If any provision of this License is held to be unenforceable, such provision shall be reformed only to the extent necessary to make it enforceable.\r\n\r\n14) Definition of \"You\" in This License. \"You\" throughout this License, whether in upper or lower case, means an individual or a legal entity exercising rights under, and complying with all of the terms of, this License. For legal entities, \"You\" includes any entity that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with you. For purposes of this definition, \"control\" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.\r\n\r\n15) Right to Use. You may use the Original Work in all ways not otherwise restricted or conditioned by this License or by law, and Licensor promises not to interfere with or be responsible for such uses by You.\r\n\r\n16) Modification of This License. This License is Copyright © 2005 Lawrence Rosen. Permission is granted to copy, distribute, or communicate this License without modification. Nothing in this License permits You to modify this License as applied to the Original Work or to Derivative Works. However, You may modify the text of this License and copy, distribute or communicate your modified version (the \"Modified License\") and apply it to other original works of authorship subject to the following conditions: (i) You may not indicate in any way that your Modified License is the \"Academic Free License\" or \"AFL\" and you may not use those names in the name of your Modified License; (ii) You must replace the notice specified in the first paragraph above with the notice \"Licensed under <insert your license name here>\" or with a notice of your own that is not confusingly similar to the notice in this License; and (iii) You may not claim that your original works are open source software unless your Modified License has been approved by Open Source Initiative (OSI) and You comply with its license review and certification process.", "url": "http://opensource.org/licenses/AFL-3.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Groundwater pumping" }, { "word": "Ground surface temperature" }, { "word": "Integrated modeling" }, { "word": "ParFlow.CLM" }, { "word": "The North China Plain" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-11-20T20:52:44+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-11-22T22:55:01+01:00", "date_published": "2019-11-22T22:55:01+01:00", "doi": "http://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD031764", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/hcekx", "authors": [ { "pk": 744, "first_name": "Chen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yang", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0002-2830-524X" }, { "pk": 6538, "first_name": "Hong-Yi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Li", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 745, "first_name": "Yilin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Fang", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8896, "first_name": "Chixiao", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cui", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9736, "first_name": "Tianye", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wang", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10365, "first_name": "Chunmiao", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zheng", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10802, "first_name": "L.", "middle_name": "Ruby", "last_name": "Leung", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10331, "first_name": "Reed", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Maxwell", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11328, "first_name": "You-Kuan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zhang", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11479, "first_name": "Xiaofan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yang", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Hydrology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Manuscript.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/547/download/1190/" }, { "original_filename": "Manuscript.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/547/download/1191/" }, { "original_filename": "Manuscript.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/547/download/1192/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 548, "title": "Plants as sensors: vegetation response to rainfall predicts subsurface water storage capacity in Mediterranean climates", "abstract": "Methods are lacking to characterize critical zone (CZ) structure at spatial scales relevant to earth system and dynamic global vegetation models. This knowledge gap results in poor quantification of CZ plant-available water storage capacity, hindering realistic prediction of the response of plants and streamflow to anticipated changes in the hydrological cycle. Here, we exploit the phase offset between water and energy delivery in rain-dominated Mediterranean climates to use plants as sensors to infer belowground water storage capacity. We hypothesize that if the magnitude of stored plant-available subsurface water is the primary control on dry season plant water use, then (remotely sensed) measures of transpiration may be used to infer rooting zone storage capacity. We encapsulate this idea within an ecohydrological modeling framework that describes how the stochastic properties of rainfall interact with storage capacity on intra-annual timescales to control annual variations in plant-available water storage, and thus dry season plant water use. The model reveals that where storage capacity is high relative to mean annual rainfall, plant-available water storage is not replenished in all years, and so storage and thus plant water use are sensitive to annual total rainfall. Where storage capacity is low, storage is typically replenished but can be depleted rapidly between storm events, resulting in plant insensitivity to annual total rainfall but sensitivity to spring rainfall patterns. Both high and low storage capacity result in relatively highly variable stored water for summer, and thus predicted highly variable summer transpiration; in contrast, variability is minimized at intermediate storage capacity. The model captures these diverse responses of stored water (and consequently summer vegetation water use) -- as mediated by water storage capacity -- to precipitation dynamics. Consequently, we show that a simple model inversion can be used to estimate rooting zone water storage capacity. We validate model inversion predictions using direct observations of plant-available water storage capacity in soils and weathered bedrock at two intensively monitored sites in the Northern California Coast Ranges. The model accurately predicts the magnitude of the combined dry season soil and rock moisture loss that supports transpiration, in contrast to existing soils maps, which underestimate plant-available water storage by up to a factor of three. Strongly contrasting weathering profiles and hence porosity structures at the study sites demonstrate the method is robust across diverse modes of storage and runoff generation.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. 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L.", "last_name": "Anderegg", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10384, "first_name": "Sally", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Thompson", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 747, "first_name": "Todd", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Dawson", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 17133, "first_name": "William", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Dietrich", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Hydrology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Plant_response____subsurface_water_storage.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/548/download/1193/" }, { "original_filename": "Plant_response____subsurface_water_storage.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/548/download/1194/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 549, "title": "Fault rupture during the December 26, 2018, Mw 4.9 Fleri earthquake (Mt. Etna): surface faulting in a volcano-tectonic environment", "abstract": "On December 26, 2018, the largest instrumental earthquake ever recorded in Mt. Etna (Sicily, southern Italy) shook the eastern flank of the volcano, with epicenter near the Fleri village along the right-lateral Fiandaca Fault (focal depth less than 1 km, Mw 4.9). The mainshock was accompanied by widespread surface faulting. We surveyed and mapped the coseismic ground ruptures and collected structural data on their orientation, displacement and fabric at surface. We compared the fault zone characteristics with near surface and deeper driving factors (topography and morphology of the buried top of sedimentary basement). The shallow geological layering underneath influenced the surface expression of faulting during the 2018 event: the top surface of the basement could be considered as a detachment surface for a shallow sliding block. The earthquake occurred on top of a depression of the sedimentary basement forcing the sliding eastward, causing at surface the re-arrangement of the fault strand pattern and deformation style, switching from shear faulting to a tensile failure. The Fleri earthquake therefore provides an unprecedented dataset for understanding 1) active faulting in the European largest onshore volcano, 2) the complex dynamics of this edifice, and 3) contributing to a more refined seismic hazard assessment.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. 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Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Etna earthquakes" }, { "word": "surface faulting" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-11-20T16:53:48+01:00", "date_accepted": "2020-02-04T14:54:56+01:00", "date_published": "2020-02-04T14:54:56+01:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/dmg2y", "authors": [ { "pk": 748, "first_name": "domenico", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "bella", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 4252, "first_name": "Franz", "middle_name": "A.", "last_name": "Livio", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": "0000-0002-6684-7779" }, { "pk": 7852, "first_name": "Maria", "middle_name": "Francesca", "last_name": "Ferrario", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8958, "first_name": "Gianluca", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Groppelli", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9789, "first_name": "Giorgio", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tringali", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10400, "first_name": "Domenico", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Boso", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10827, "first_name": "Anna", "middle_name": "Maria", "last_name": "Blumetti", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11128, "first_name": "Pio", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Di Manna", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11343, "first_name": "Eutizio", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Vittori", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11490, "first_name": "Luca", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Guerrieri", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Tectonics and Structure" }, { "name": "Volcanology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Bella_et_al_-EarthXiV.docx", "mime_type": "application/msword", "download_url": "/repository/object/549/download/1195/" }, { "original_filename": "Bella_et_al_-scientific REPORTS_master copy.docx", "mime_type": "application/msword", "download_url": "/repository/object/549/download/1196/" }, { "original_filename": "Bella et al - Terremoto Fiandaca - EARTHARXIV.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/549/download/1197/" }, { "original_filename": "Bella et al - Terremoto Fiandaca - EARTHARXIV.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/549/download/1198/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 550, "title": "Centroid moment tensor inversions of offshore earthquakes using a three-dimensional velocity structure model: Slip distributions on the plate boundary along the Nankai Trough", "abstract": "Due to complex three-dimensional (3D) heterogeneous structures, conventional one-dimensional (1D) analysis techniques using onshore seismograms can yield incorrect estimation of earthquake source parameters, especially dip angles and centroid depths of offshore earthquakes. Combining long-term onshore seismic observations and numerical simulations of seismic wave propagation in a 3D model, we conducted centroid moment tensor (CMT) inversions of earthquakes along the Nankai Trough between April 2004 and August 2019 to evaluate decade-scale seismicity. Green’s functions for CMT inversions of earthquakes with moment magnitudes of 4.3–6.5 were evaluated using finite-difference method simulations of seismic wave propagation in the regional 3D velocity structure model. Significant differences of focal mechanisms and centroid depths between previous 1D and our 3D catalogues were found in the solutions of offshore earthquakes. By introducing the 3D structures of the low-velocity accretionary prism and the Philippine Sea Plate, dip angles and centroid depths for offshore earthquakes were well-constrained. Teleseismic CMT also provides robust solutions but our regional 3D CMT could provide better constraints of dip angles. Our 3D CMT catalogue and published slow earthquake catalogues depicted spatial distributions of slip behaviours on the plate boundary along the Nankai Trough. The regular and slow interplate earthquakes were separately distributed, with these distributions reflecting the heterogeneous distribution of effective strengths along the Nankai Trough plate boundary. By comparing the spatial distribution of seismic slip on the plate boundary with the slip-deficit rate distribution, regions with strong coupling were clearly identified.", "license": { "name": "Academic Free License (AFL) 3.0", "short_name": "AFL 3.0", "text": "Academic Free License (\"AFL\") v. 3.0\r\nThis Academic Free License (the \"License\") applies to any original work of authorship (the \"Original Work\") whose owner (the \"Licensor\") has placed the following licensing notice adjacent to the copyright notice for the Original Work:\r\n\r\nLicensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0\r\n\r\n1) Grant of Copyright License. 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However, You may modify the text of this License and copy, distribute or communicate your modified version (the \"Modified License\") and apply it to other original works of authorship subject to the following conditions: (i) You may not indicate in any way that your Modified License is the \"Academic Free License\" or \"AFL\" and you may not use those names in the name of your Modified License; (ii) You must replace the notice specified in the first paragraph above with the notice \"Licensed under <insert your license name here>\" or with a notice of your own that is not confusingly similar to the notice in this License; and (iii) You may not claim that your original works are open source software unless your Modified License has been approved by Open Source Initiative (OSI) and You comply with its license review and certification process.", "url": "http://opensource.org/licenses/AFL-3.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Nankai Trough" }, { "word": "Centroid moment tensor inversion" }, { "word": "finite-difference method" }, { "word": "heterogeneous structure" }, { "word": "Seismicity" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-11-19T00:27:18+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-11-20T17:20:46+01:00", "date_published": "2019-11-20T17:20:46+01:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa238", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/nbd79", "authors": [ { "pk": 1583, "first_name": "Shunsuke", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Takemura", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-7511-3443" }, { "pk": 1644, "first_name": "Ryo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Okuwaki", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0001-7149-4763" }, { "pk": 13557, "first_name": "Tatsuya", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kubota", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9003, "first_name": "Katsuhiko", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Shiomi", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9820, "first_name": "Takeshi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kimura", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10420, "first_name": "Akemi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Noda", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Planetary Sciences" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "GJI-19-1048_Proof_hi.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/550/download/1199/" }, { "original_filename": "GJI-19-1048_Proof_hi.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/550/download/1200/" }, { "original_filename": "GJI-19-1048_Proof_hi.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/550/download/1201/" }, { "original_filename": "GJI-19-1048_Proof_hi.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/550/download/1202/" }, { "original_filename": "GJI-19-1048_Proof_hi.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/550/download/1203/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/h5et4", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 551, "title": "Simulating Electropulse Fracture of Granitic Rock", "abstract": "Electropulse treatments employ a series of high-voltage discharges to break rock into small fragments. As these methods are particularly suited to fracturing hard brittle rocks, electropulse treatments can serve to enhance or substitute for more traditional mechanical approaches to drilling and processing of these materials. Nevertheless, while these treatments have the potential to improve hard-rock operations, the coupled electro-mechanical processes responsible for damaging the rock are poorly described. The lack of accurate models for these processes increases the difficulty of designing, controlling and optimizing tools that employ electropulse treatments and limits their range of application. \n\nThis paper describes a new modeling method for studying electropulse treatments in geotechnical operations. The multiphysics model simulates the passage of the pulse, electrical breakdown in the rock, and the mechanical response at the grain-scale. It also accounts for the contributions from different minerals and porosities, allowing the effect of material composition to be considered. In so doing, it provides a means to investigate the different physical and operational factors influencing electropulse treatments.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). 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If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "numerical modelling" }, { "word": "Fracture" }, { "word": "Hard-rock" }, { "word": "Plasma drilling" }, { "word": "Thermo-Electro-Mechanics" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-11-19T00:26:10+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-11-22T22:53:36+01:00", "date_published": "2019-11-22T22:53:36+01:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/fqz2x", "authors": [ { "pk": 4467, "first_name": "Stuart", "middle_name": "Duncan Christopher", "last_name": "Walsh", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6690, "first_name": "Daniel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Vogler", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Engineering" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Geotechnical Engineering" }, { "name": "Mining Engineering" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "WalshVogler_2019.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/551/download/1204/" }, { "original_filename": "WalshVogler_2019.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/551/download/1205/" }, { "original_filename": "WalshVogler_2019.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/551/download/1206/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 552, "title": "Methane, Monsoons, and Modulation of Millennial-scale Climate", "abstract": "Earths orbital geometry exerts a profound influence on climate by regulating changes in incoming solar radiation. Superimposed on orbitally-paced climate change, Pleistocene records reveal substantial millennial-scale variability characterized by trends, tipping points, and rapid swings. However, the extent to which orbital forcing modulates the amplitude and timing of these millennial variations is unclear. Here we isolate the magnitude of millennial-scale variability (MMV) in two well-dated records, both linked to precession cycles (19,000-23,000-year periodicity): atmospheric methane and Chinese speleothem δ¹⁸O, where the latter is commonly interpreted as a proxy for Asian monsoon intensity. At the millennial timescale (1,000-10,000 years), we find a fundamental decoupling wherein precession directly modulates the MMV of methane but not that of speleothem-δ¹⁸O. We hypothesize that mid-to-high latitude insolation modulates the MMV of atmospheric methane, but feedbacks internal to the Earth-climate system modulate the strength of millennial-scale monsoonal circulation.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. 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However, the study on the element’s interaction along SWI is limited by the sampling and analytical methods available. Here with an optimized ICP-MS method and an updated porewater sampler, we succeeded in simultaneously mapping the elements of environmental concerns in every 1.7 mm across SWI, including arsenic (As), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) as well as As, P and S species. Among these elements, dissolved Fe and Mn in high concentrations (> 10 mg·L-1) were measured by ICP-MS in an extended dynamic range (EDR) mode to avoid signal overflow. The dissolved Fe profile along SWI generated by ICP-MS was slightly lower than that of colorimetric method, but of the same trend. Furthermore, four As, one P and two S species can be separated in 10 minutes by IC-ICP-MS with NH4HCO3 mobile phase. We verified the technique using paddy soils collected from the field, and present the high-resolution (mm) profiles of total elements (Fe, Mn, As, P and S) and element species (arsenite, arsenate, phosphate, sulfide and sulphate). The technique developed in this study will greatly facilitate the study of biogeochemical cycling of redox sensitive elements in flooded soils.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. 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Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "sulfur" }, { "word": "arsenic" }, { "word": "iron" }, { "word": "manganese" }, { "word": "porewater" }, { "word": "soil-water interface" }, { "word": "species" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-11-17T14:01:51+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-11-20T14:21:15+01:00", "date_published": "2019-11-20T14:21:15+01:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/gjad4", "authors": [ { "pk": 753, "first_name": "Zhao-Feng", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yuan", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6716, "first_name": "Williamson", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gustave", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7957, "first_name": "Raju", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sekar", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9041, "first_name": "Jonathan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bridge", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9857, "first_name": "Jia-Yue", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wang", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10442, "first_name": "Wei-Jia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Feng", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10855, "first_name": "Bin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Guo", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 1552, "first_name": "Zheng", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "CHEN", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Biogeochemistry" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Environmental Monitoring" }, { "name": "Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "IPI2-preprint.docx", "mime_type": "application/msword", "download_url": "/repository/object/553/download/1210/" }, { "original_filename": "IPI2-preprint.docx", "mime_type": "application/msword", "download_url": "/repository/object/553/download/1211/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 554, "title": "Advanced ML and AI Approaches for Proxy-based Optimization of CO2-Enhanced Oil Recovery in Heterogeneous Clastic Reservoirs", "abstract": "Constructing a simpler model to represent a complex reservoir simulation that will be employed to define the optimum future development plans have been achieved through the use of different simulation techniques that include EOS-compositional reservoir simulation, Proxy Modeling as well as Design of Experiments. Once reliable history matching was achieved, the key five operational decision parameters were manipulated to find the optimum value to attain maximum objective function. A low-discrepancy and consistent procedure was used to generate several hundred simulation jobs or experiments to build a proxy metamodeling optimization by adopting the Latin Hypercube Sampling with the five decision parameters. At the end of the forecast case, the optimum cumulative produced oil resulted in achieving 4.6 MMMSTB of oil production compared with 4.4 MMMSTB of oil production that was produced from the base scenario of the GAGD technique assessment of original decision parameters' conditions.\r\nLastly, four machine learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms were considered as proxy meta-models as substitute to the large numerical simulation model: Quadratic Modeling (QM), Fuzzy Logic-Genetic Algorithm (FUzzy-GEnetic), Multivariate Additive Regression Splines (MARS), and Generalized Boosted Modeling (GBM). The cross validation of the Adjusted R2-adj along with the RMSE were the base to conclude the optimum proxy metamodel which provides the lowest variance between the predicted and calculated model considering the produced oil as response by CO2-GAGD technique. Consequently, GBM was determined to be the best shorten alternative metamodel for the performance of GAGD process.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. 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See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Clastic Oil Reservoirs" }, { "word": "Cross-validation" }, { "word": "Design of Experiments" }, { "word": "Enhanced Oil Recovery" }, { "word": "Gravity Drainage" }, { "word": "Proxy Metamodeling" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-11-17T04:06:35+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-12-04T17:07:26+01:00", "date_published": "2019-12-04T17:07:26+01:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/wsu6g", "authors": [ { "pk": 4960, "first_name": "Watheq", "middle_name": "J", "last_name": "Al-Mudhafar", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6753, "first_name": "Dandina", "middle_name": "N", "last_name": "Rao", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7992, "first_name": "Sanjay", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Srinivasan", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Artificial Intelligence and Robotics" }, { "name": "Computer Sciences" }, { "name": "Design of Experiments and Sample Surveys" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Multivariate Analysis" }, { "name": "Other Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Programming Languages and Compilers" }, { "name": "Statistics and Probability" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "JFuel2.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/554/download/1212/" }, { "original_filename": "JFuel2.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/554/download/1213/" }, { "original_filename": "JFuel2.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/554/download/1214/" }, { "original_filename": "JFuel2.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/554/download/1215/" }, { "original_filename": "JFuel2.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/554/download/5321/" }, { "original_filename": "JFuel2.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/554/download/5327/" }, { "original_filename": "EarthArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/554/download/5510/" }, { "original_filename": "EarthArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/554/download/5511/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 555, "title": "Stratigraphic reservoir compartmentalization: causes, recognition, and implications for the geological storage of carbon dioxide", "abstract": "The impact of carbon capture and storage (CCS) in mitigating anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases is potentially great, but its success is strongly dependent on identifying suitable geological storage sites. One of the key uncertainties in this regard is the degree of compartmentalization of the target storage horizon. Many studies have examined reservoir compartmentalization in oil and gas fields and its implications to hydrocarbon production, but few have looked at compartmentalization from the perspective of CCS storativity. Using case studies from the oil and gas industry, this paper examines the predictability of reservoir compartmentalization and the techniques used to assess it. It then focusses on stratigraphic compartmentalization in saline aquifers, a major category of potential carbon storage sites, examining in particular the Triassic Bunter Sandstone Formation of the UK North Sea. It is clear that the analysis of stratigraphic, seismic and fluid compositional data can provide early evidence of reservoir compartmentalization. The available data indicate that the Bunter Sandstone has a low risk of stratigraphic and structural compartmentalization. However, the presence of compartments in oil and gas fields is often confirmed only once well production data are available. As such, though the broad likelihood of compartmentalization in a CCS site can be forecasted, understanding its exact nature may be dependent on injection data.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). 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If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Geology" }, { "word": "stratigraphy" }, { "word": "sedimentology" }, { "word": "CCS" }, { "word": "Bunter Sandstone" }, { "word": "carbon capture and storage" }, { "word": "compartmentalization" }, { "word": "petroleum geology" }, { "word": "Triassic" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-11-15T22:57:28+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-11-22T22:52:44+01:00", "date_published": "2019-11-22T22:52:44+01:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/x8sp2", "authors": [ { "pk": 22576, "first_name": "Liam", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Herringshaw", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0001-5216-7126" }, { "pk": 6769, "first_name": "Jon", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gluyas", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8008, "first_name": "Simon", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mathias", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Sedimentology" }, { "name": "Stratigraphy" }, { "name": "Tectonics and Structure" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "CCS_compartmentalization_report_final_2019.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/555/download/1216/" }, { "original_filename": "CCS_compartmentalization_report_final_2019.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/555/download/1217/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 556, "title": "Optical wave gauging using deep neural networks", "abstract": "We develop a remote wave gauging technique to estimate wave height and period from imagery of waves in the surf zone. In this proof-of-concept study, we apply the same framework to three datasets: the first, a set of close-range monochrome infrared (IR) images of individual nearshore waves at Duck, NC, USA; the second, a set of visible (i.e. RGB) band orthomosaics of a larger nearshore area near Santa Cruz, CA, USA; and the third, a set of oblique (unrectified) images from the same site. The network is trained using coincident images and in situ wave measurements. The optical wave gauge (OWG) consists of a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to extract features from imagery — called a ‘base model’, with additional layers to distill the feature information into lower dimensional spaces, and a final layer of dense neurons to predict continuously varying quantities. Four base models are compared. The OWG is trained for both individual wave height and period, and statistical quantities like significant wave height and peak wave period. The best performing OWG on the IR dataset achieved RMS errors of 0.14 m and 0.41 s for height and period, respectively, capturing up to 98% of the variance in these quantities. The best performing OWG on the visible band rectified dataset achieved RMS errors of 0.08 m and 0.79 s, respectively, for height and period. The same values for the oblique RGB imagery were 0.11 m and 0.81 s for height and period, respectively. Overall, wave height and period accuracy is sensitive to choice of base model; OWGs built upon MobilenetV2 tend to perform worst and those built on Inception-ResnetV2 have the smallest RMS error. The presence or otherwise of residual layers in the model makes little systematic difference to the final OWG accuracy. Smaller batch sizes used in model training tend to result in more accurate OWGs. An out-of-calibration validation, using images associated with wave heights or periods outside the range of values represented in the training data, showed that the ability for OWGs to predict the bottom 5% of low wave heights and the top 5% of high wave heights was reasonably good, but the same was not generally true of wave period. The same framework, not optimized for either dataset, predicts both quantities with high accuracy when trained on imagery, despite the differences in electromagnetic band, perspective, and scale. The OWG estimates wave properties from an image in less than 100 ms on a modestly sized CPU, allowing for the possibility of continuous real-time wave estimates.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. 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See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "remote sensing" }, { "word": "machine learning" }, { "word": "Waves" }, { "word": "beach" }, { "word": "coast" }, { "word": "hydrodynamics" }, { "word": "video" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-11-15T17:04:20+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-12-04T15:11:12+01:00", "date_published": "2019-12-04T15:11:12+01:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2019.103593", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/qw4e3", "authors": [ { "pk": 5273, "first_name": "Daniel", "middle_name": "David", "last_name": "Buscombe", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0001-6217-5584" }, { "pk": 6786, "first_name": "Roxanne", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Carini", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8022, "first_name": "Shawn", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Harrison", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9095, "first_name": "Chris", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chickadel", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9896, "first_name": "Jonathan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Warrick", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Engineering" }, { "name": "Geomorphology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "BuscombeEtAL-DOWG_r2.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/556/download/1218/" }, { "original_filename": "BuscombeEtAL-DOWG_r2.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/556/download/1219/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/btsur", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 557, "title": "Bayesian Models for Deriving Biogeochemical Information from Satellite Ocean Color", "abstract": "In this study, we present Bayesian machine learning approaches to predict the spectral phytoplankton absorption coefficient - a proxy of phytoplankton biomass - from top of atmosphere measurements of ocean color. This presents a significant advance in ocean color research as it permits the bypassing of conventional atmospheric correction, which is notoriously challenging in optically complex waters such as costal seas and inland waters - regions particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic forcing and climate change. Model prediction accuracy is significantly greater than conventional algorithms, and most, importantly, offers a method to derive biogeochemically relevant information from ocean color in scenarios where it may otherwise not be possible.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). 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If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "machine learning" }, { "word": "Atmospheric Correction" }, { "word": "Neural Networks" }, { "word": "Bayesian" }, { "word": "ocean color remote sensing" }, { "word": "phytoplankton ecology" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-11-15T04:13:13+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-12-04T15:14:08+01:00", "date_published": "2019-12-04T15:14:08+01:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/shp6y", "authors": [ { "pk": 1579, "first_name": "Susanne", "middle_name": "Elizabeth", "last_name": "Craig", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 12720, "first_name": "Erdem", "middle_name": "M.", "last_name": "Karaköylü", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-6156-1720" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Life Sciences" }, { "name": "Oceanography" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Craig & Karakoylu_Bayesian_ML_for_TOA.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/557/download/1220/" }, { "original_filename": "Craig & Karakoylu_Bayesian_ML_for_TOA.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/557/download/1221/" }, { "original_filename": "Craig & Karakoylu_Bayesian_ML_for_TOA.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/557/download/1222/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 558, "title": "Quantitatively deciphering paleostrain from digital outcrops model and its application in the eastern Tian Shan, China", "abstract": "The knowledge of the strain/stress field evolution in time is fundamental to the understanding of the earth dynamic system. Based on the principle that past tectonic stress should have left traces in the rocks, geologists have been trying to determine the paleostress history from evidence found in rocks for decades. Recent development of techniques for automatic extraction of fracture surfaces from digital outcrop models and estimation of historical shear deformation on rock fractures provide an efficient way of quantitatively acquiring large amounts of high quality fracture/fault slip data from outcrops. Unlike traditional paleostress inversion methods whose data is manually collected in the field, the new techniques provide much more detailed information about the strain of the outcrop and a good opportunity to develop quantitative methods for deciphering more realistic paleostrains. In this study, instead of fitting the slip data from several fractures to calculate the overall strain tensor, the local strain tensor is calculated for slip on each fracture from the outcrop. Then the local strain tensors are grouped into populations corresponding to different strain events using a clustering analysis technique. Theoretical advantages of this new method over the traditional ones are discussed. The applications on outcrops in the eastern Tian Shan area give a clear picture of the late Cenozoic paleostrain variation over space and time, and also throw light on the cause for the change in the strain regime in time, the fracture development patterns and the distribution of shear displacements in fracture networks.", "license": { "name": "Academic Free License (AFL) 3.0", "short_name": "AFL 3.0", "text": "Academic Free License (\"AFL\") v. 3.0\r\nThis Academic Free License (the \"License\") applies to any original work of authorship (the \"Original Work\") whose owner (the \"Licensor\") has placed the following licensing notice adjacent to the copyright notice for the Original Work:\r\n\r\nLicensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0\r\n\r\n1) Grant of Copyright License. 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In any action to enforce the terms of this License or seeking damages relating thereto, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover its costs and expenses, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and costs incurred in connection with such action, including any appeal of such action. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n13) Miscellaneous. If any provision of this License is held to be unenforceable, such provision shall be reformed only to the extent necessary to make it enforceable.\r\n\r\n14) Definition of \"You\" in This License. \"You\" throughout this License, whether in upper or lower case, means an individual or a legal entity exercising rights under, and complying with all of the terms of, this License. For legal entities, \"You\" includes any entity that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with you. For purposes of this definition, \"control\" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.\r\n\r\n15) Right to Use. You may use the Original Work in all ways not otherwise restricted or conditioned by this License or by law, and Licensor promises not to interfere with or be responsible for such uses by You.\r\n\r\n16) Modification of This License. This License is Copyright © 2005 Lawrence Rosen. Permission is granted to copy, distribute, or communicate this License without modification. Nothing in this License permits You to modify this License as applied to the Original Work or to Derivative Works. However, You may modify the text of this License and copy, distribute or communicate your modified version (the \"Modified License\") and apply it to other original works of authorship subject to the following conditions: (i) You may not indicate in any way that your Modified License is the \"Academic Free License\" or \"AFL\" and you may not use those names in the name of your Modified License; (ii) You must replace the notice specified in the first paragraph above with the notice \"Licensed under <insert your license name here>\" or with a notice of your own that is not confusingly similar to the notice in this License; and (iii) You may not claim that your original works are open source software unless your Modified License has been approved by Open Source Initiative (OSI) and You comply with its license review and certification process.", "url": "http://opensource.org/licenses/AFL-3.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Clustering analysis" }, { "word": "Digital outcrops model" }, { "word": "Eastern Tian Shan" }, { "word": "Paleostrain" }, { "word": "Quantitative methods" }, { "word": "Strain tensor" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-11-14T16:59:57+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-11-21T14:54:47+01:00", "date_published": "2019-11-21T14:54:47+01:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2019TC005999", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/cre5p", "authors": [ { "pk": 759, "first_name": "Xin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wang", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6820, "first_name": "Feng", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gao", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "elsarticle-template.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/558/download/1223/" }, { "original_filename": "elsarticle-template.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/558/download/1224/" }, { "original_filename": "elsarticle-template.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/558/download/1225/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://figshare.com/articles/Quantitatively-deciphered-paleostrain/10735988/1", "label": "Public data" } ] }, { "pk": 559, "title": "Ultramafic rock carbonation: Constraints from listvenite core BT1B, Oman Drilling Project", "abstract": "The occurrence of the quartz–carbonate alteration assemblage (listvenite) in ophiolites indicates that ultramafic rock represents an effective sink for dissolved CO2. However, the majority of earlier studies of ultramafic rock carbonation had to rely on the surface exposure of reaction textures and field relationships. Here we present the first observations on ultramafic rock alteration obtained from the 300 m deep BT1B drill hole, ICDP Oman Drilling Project, allowing for a continuous and high-resolution investigation. Hole BT1B recovered continuous drill core intersecting surface alluvium, 200 meters of altered ultramafic rock comprising mainly listvenite and minor serpentinite bands at 90 m and 180 m depth, and 100 meters of the underlying metamorphic sole. Textural evidence suggests that the carbonation of fully serpentinized harzburgite commenced by non-equilibrium growth of spheroidal carbonate characterized by sectorial zoning resulting from radially oriented low-angle boundaries. In the serpentinite, carbonate spheroids are composed of alternating magnesite cores and dolomite rims, whereas texturally similar carbonate in the listvenite is composed of Fe-rich magnesite cores and Ca-Fe-rich magnesite rims. The distinct compositions and mineral inclusions indicate that the carbonation extent was controlled by fluid accessibility resulting in the simultaneous formation of limited carbonate in the serpentinite bands and complete carbonation in the listvenite parts of BT1B. The presence of euhedral magnesite overgrowing spheroidal carbonate in the listvenite suggests near-equilibrium conditions during the final stage of carbonation. The carbonate clumped isotope thermometry constrains carbonate crystallization between 50°C and 250°C, implying repeated infiltration of reactive fluids during ophiolite uplift and cooling.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Carbonation" }, { "word": "Oman ophiolite" }, { "word": "Clumped isotope" }, { "word": "Fluid-rock interaction" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-11-14T08:35:50+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-11-14T17:17:13+01:00", "date_published": "2019-11-14T17:17:13+01:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JB019060", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/n6swu", "authors": [ { "pk": 760, "first_name": "Andreas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Beinlich", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 761, "first_name": "Oliver", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Plümper", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8060, "first_name": "Esmée", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Boter", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9126, "first_name": "Inigo", "middle_name": "A.", "last_name": "Müller", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9922, "first_name": "Fatma", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kourim", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 762, "first_name": "Martin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ziegler", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10887, "first_name": "Yumiko", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Harigane", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 16641, "first_name": "Romain", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lafay", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10958, "first_name": "Peter", "middle_name": "B.", "last_name": "Kelemen", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geochemistry" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Mineral Physics" }, { "name": "Other Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Beinlich_et_al_v2.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/559/download/1226/" }, { "original_filename": "Beinlich_et_al.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/559/download/1227/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 585, "title": "Pre-deliquescent water uptake in deposited nanoparticles observed with in situ ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy", "abstract": "In this work we study the adsorption, or uptake, of water onto deposited inorganic sodium chloride and organic malonic acid and sucrose nanoparticles at low relative humidities from 0 to 16%. We employ the surface sensitive ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy technique, which has a detection sensitivity from parts per thousand. Our results show that water is adsorbed on sodium chloride aerosols already well below deliquescence at low relative humidities, and that the chemical environment on the aerosol surface is changing with increasing humidity. While the sucrose aerosols exhibit only very modest changes on the surface at these relative humidites, the chemical composition and environment of malonic acid aerosol surfaces is clearly affected. Our observations indicate that the water uptake by inorganic and organic aerosols at low relative humidities could already have an impact on atmospheric chemistry. We also conclude that the ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is indeed a viable tool for studying changes in particular on the surfaces of atmospherically relevant aerosols at low relative humidities.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "aerosol" }, { "word": "ambient pressure XPS" }, { "word": "nanoparticles" }, { "word": "water uptake" }, { "word": "XPS" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-10-31T01:04:25+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-10-31T16:37:43+01:00", "date_published": "2019-10-31T16:37:43+01:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4709-2021", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/gqbpe", "authors": [ { "pk": 3972, "first_name": "Jack", "middle_name": "Jie", "last_name": "Lin", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0002-4453-1263" }, { "pk": 6080, "first_name": "Kamal", "middle_name": "Raj", "last_name": "R", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7380, "first_name": "Stella", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wang", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8566, "first_name": "Esko", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kokkonen", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9512, "first_name": "Mikko-Heikki", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mikkelä", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 791, "first_name": "Samuli", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Urpelainen", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10680, "first_name": "Nønne", "middle_name": "L.", "last_name": "Prisle", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Atmospheric Sciences" }, { "name": "Chemistry" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Physical Chemistry" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "SPECIES_20191031_EarthArXiV.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/585/download/1282/" }, { "original_filename": "SPECIES_20191031_EarthArXiV.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/585/download/1283/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 560, "title": "A.I taking over a global climate mapping platform", "abstract": "Note: this is a post-print of a published manuscript in Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia with DOI 10.15294/jpii.v5i2.7677. This study focuses on the improvement of prospective teachers science generic skills in learning for earth and space sciences subject using a laboratory-based model. Research methods were Research and Development used mixed methods design, i.e. Embedded Experimental models. The results showed that the structure of the learning using laboratory-based model consists of four stages, namely engagement, exploration, explanation, and elaboration; with details on description of natural phenomena, the identification of questions, linking concepts with practical topic; modeling, training, exploration, interpretation of data, conclude, and communicate the procedures and results of the investigation. Moreover, the ability of science generic skills of teacher candidates was low at 52.50%. In addition, the profile of lecturer performance in learning reached 55%. Also, the condition of the learning environment is generally sufficient in supporting the development of laboratory activities, for example: a comfortable laboratory room for conducting the practicum. Next, 75% student agreed that for understand the material; it needs a practice in lab. As many as 70% of students agreed that practicum will increase students understanding, although students also agreed that clarification is still required by lecturers (80%). Furthermore, 69% of the students found the materials of Earth and Space Sciences ismore attractive than other materials, although 78% said material of Earth and Space Sciences is fairly complicated and abstract. The interest of students to the material of Earth and Space Sciences is because these materials can foster curiosity (88%) as well as providing benefits to their daily life (90%). Finally, three out of four students agreed that the science generic skills can develop the ability of scientific work and critical thinking.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. 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Special emphasis is therefore placed in representing them in a numerically efficient manner and the use of lower dimensional domains has become prevalent to simulate higher permeability features like fractures. Such features, however, only represent some of the components of natural fault networks, which can also include rather impermeable fault gouges surrounded by higher permeability damage zones for instance. Here we present a numerical approach to simulate such systems at a large scale, where the thickness of those features makes it advantageous to represent them as discrete rather than continuous domains, using lower dimensional interfaces in a conforming mesh. Benchmarks show excellent agreement with equivalent continuous simulations, regardless of the fault thickness or permeability, both for flow conduits and barriers. This approach can also account for the overprinting of faults with different permeabilities, as well as their dynamic evolution, which we illustrate with an example of trap charging. This work demonstrates the applicability of the approach to simulate fluid flow in faulted environments of various permeabilities and we discuss how those results can easily be extended to account for multi-physical processes.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. 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A comparison of adjacent basins with contrasting underlying structure on the Lofoten Margin, Norway", "abstract": "Recent studies of natural, multiphase rifts suggest that the presence of pre‐existing faults may strongly influence fault growth during later rift phases. These findings compare well with predictions from recent scaled analogue experiments that simulate multiphase, non‐coaxial extension. However, in natural rifts we only get to see the final result of multiphase rifting. We therefore do not get the chance to compare the effects of the same rift phase with and without pre‐existing structural heterogeneity, as we may in the controlled environment of a laboratory experiment. Here, we present a case study from the Lofoten Margin that provides a unique opportunity to compare normal fault growth with and without pre‐existing structural heterogeneity. Using seismic reflection and wellbore data, we demonstrate that the Ribban Basin formed during Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous rifting. We also show that the rift fault network of the Ribban Basin lacks a pre‐existing (Permian‐Triassic) structural grain that underlies the neighbouring North Træna Basin that also formed during the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous. Being able to compare adjacent basins with similar histories but contrasting underlying structure allows us to study how pre‐existing normal faults influence rift geometry. We demonstrate that in Lofoten, the absence of pre‐existing normal faults produced collinear fault zones. 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Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "normal fault" }, { "word": "rift basin" }, { "word": "fault reactivation" }, { "word": "multiphase rifting" }, { "word": "structure" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-11-13T10:03:43+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-11-20T14:09:37+01:00", "date_published": "2019-11-20T14:09:37+01:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.12358", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/xp5m3", "authors": [ { "pk": 9913, "first_name": "Gijs", "middle_name": "Allard", "last_name": "Henstra", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0001-9805-5875" }, { "pk": 301, "first_name": "Atle", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rotevatn", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8053, "first_name": "Thomas", "middle_name": "Berg", "last_name": "Kristensen", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0003-0658-8012" }, { "pk": 5351, "first_name": "Robert", "middle_name": "Leslie", "last_name": "Gawthorpe", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Henstra et al 2019 - How do pre-existing normal faults influence rift geometry.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/562/download/1231/" }, { "original_filename": "Henstra et al 2019 - How do pre-existing normal faults influence rift geometry.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/562/download/1232/" }, { "original_filename": "Henstra et al 2019 - How do pre-existing normal faults influence rift geometry.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/562/download/1233/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 563, "title": "Logarithmic growth of dikes from a depressurizing magma chamber", "abstract": "Dike propagation is an intrinsically multiphase problem, where deformation and fluid flow are intricately coupled in a fracture process. Here we perform the first fully-coupled simulations of dike propagation in two dimensions, accounting for depressurization of a circular magma chamber, dynamic fluid flow, fracture formation, and elastic deformation. Despite the complexity of the governing equations we observe that the lengthening is well explained by a simple model $a(t) = c_1 \\log(1+t/c_2)$, where $a$ is the dike length, $t$ is time, and $c_1$ and $c_2$ are constants. We compare the model to seismic data from 8 dikes in Iceland and Ethiopia and, in spite of the assumption of plane strain, we find good agreement between the data and the model. In addition, we derive an approximate model for the depressurization of the chamber with the dike length. These models may help forecast the growth of lateral dikes and magma chamber depressurization.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). 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If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "natural hazards" }, { "word": "dike propagation" }, { "word": "Eruption forecasting" }, { "word": "FEM simulations" }, { "word": "Hydraulic fractures" }, { "word": "Magma chambers" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-11-13T00:47:41+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-11-13T20:03:14+01:00", "date_published": "2019-11-13T20:03:14+01:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL086230", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/xekm6", "authors": [ { "pk": 5646, "first_name": "Benjamin", "middle_name": "E.", "last_name": "Grossman-Ponemon", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 1633, "first_name": "Elias", "middle_name": "Rafn", "last_name": "Heimisson", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0001-8342-7226" }, { "pk": 8147, "first_name": "Adrian", "middle_name": "J.", "last_name": "Lew", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5719, "first_name": "Paul", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Segall", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Volcanology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Grossman-Ponemon_and_Heimisson_et al_GRL_2020_preprint_final.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/563/download/1234/" }, { "original_filename": "Log_growth_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/563/download/1235/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 564, "title": "A grid for multidimensional and multivariate spatial representation and data processing.", "abstract": "Researchers use 2D and 3D spatial models of multivariate data of differing resolutions and formats. It can be challenging to work with multiple datasets, and it is time consuming to set up a robust, performant, grid to handle such spatial models. We share a Python module that provides a framework for containing multidi- mensional data and functionality to work with those data. The module provides methods for defining the grid, data import, visualisation, processing capability and export. To facilitate reproducibility, the grid can point to original data sources and provides support for structured metadata. The module is written in an intelligible high level programming language, and uses well documented libraries as numpy, xarray, dask and rasterio.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public\r\nLicenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change\r\nfree software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.\r\n\r\n This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some\r\nspecially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the\r\nFree Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You\r\ncan use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether\r\nthis license or the ordinary General Public License is the better\r\nstrategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.\r\n\r\n When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,\r\nnot price. 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See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Geophysics" }, { "word": "python" }, { "word": "grid" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-11-11T22:14:24+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-11-22T22:54:13+01:00", "date_published": "2019-11-22T22:54:13+01:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/9szfp", "authors": [ { "pk": 765, "first_name": "Tobias", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Stål", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6926, "first_name": "Anya", "middle_name": "M.", "last_name": "Reading", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Computer Sciences" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "agrid.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/564/download/1236/" }, { "original_filename": "agrid.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/564/download/1237/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 566, "title": "Directionality of ambient noise in the Mississippi embayment", "abstract": "Cross-correlations of ambient seismic noise from 277 broadband stations within the Mississippi embayment (ME) with at least 1-month of recording time between 1990 and 2018 are used to estimate source locations of primary and secondary microseisms. We investigate source locations by analyzing the azimuthal distribution of the signal-to- noise ratio (SNR) and positive/negative amplitude differences. We use 84 stations with continuous 1-year recordings to explore seasonal variations of SNRs and amplitude differences. We also investigate the seasonal ambient noise ground motions using 2D frequency-wavenumber analysis of a 50-station array composed of the Northern Embayment Lithosphere Experiment. We observe that (1) two major azimuths can be identified in the azimuthal distribution of SNRs and amplitude difference. We also observe two minor azimuths in the seasonal variation of SNRs, amplitude difference, and 2D FK power spectra. Monthly 2D FK power spectra reveal that two energy sources are active in northern hemisphere winter and two relatively weak sources are active in summer. (2) Back-projection suggests that primary microseisms originate along the coasts of Australia or New Zealand, Canada and Alaska, Newfoundland or Greenland, and South America. (3) Secondary microseisms are generated in the deep water of the northern and southern Pacific Ocean, along the coasts of Canada and Alaska associated with near-shore reflections, and in the deep water of south of Greenland. (4) The azimuthal distribution of amplitude difference of sedimentary Love waves in the period band of 1-5s indicates a local source related to the basin-edge of the ME.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. 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See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Seismic interferometry" }, { "word": "wave scattering and diffraction" }, { "word": "Ambient noise" }, { "word": "Beam-forming" }, { "word": "Directionality" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-11-11T20:06:19+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-11-12T15:35:20+01:00", "date_published": "2019-11-12T15:35:20+01:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/5q8hx", "authors": [ { "pk": 565, "first_name": "Chunyu", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Liu", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 767, "first_name": "Khurram", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Aslam", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8136, "first_name": "Charles", "middle_name": "A.", "last_name": "Langston", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Directionality-Chunyu.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/566/download/1240/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/n67sk", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 567, "title": "Stable and Radioisotope Systematics Reveal Fossil Water as Fundamental Characteristic of Arid Orogenic-Scale Groundwater Systems", "abstract": "In arid and semi-arid regions, persistent hydrological imbalances illuminate the considerable gaps in our spatiotemporal understanding of fundamental catchment-scale governing mechanisms. The Salar de Atacama basin is the most extreme example of groundwater-dominated continental basins and therefore is an ideal place to probe these unresolved questions. Geochemical and hydrophysical observations indicate that groundwaters discharging into the basin reflect a large regional system integrated over 102-104 year time-scales. The groundwater here, as in other arid regions is a critical freshwater resource subject to substantial demand from competing interests, particularly as development of its world-class lithium brine deposit expands. Utilizing a uniquely large and comprehensive set of H and O isotopes in water we demonstrate that much of the presumed recharge area on the Altiplano-Puna plateau exhibits isotopic signatures quite distinct from waters presently discharging within the endorheic Salar de Atacama watershed. δ18O values of predicted inflow source waters are 3.6‰ to 5.6‰ higher than modern plateau waters and 3H data from 87 discrete samples indicate nearly all of this inflow is composed of pre-modern recharge (i.e. fossil water). Under plausible conditions, these distinctions cannot be explained solely by natural variability in modern meteoric inputs or by steady-state groundwater flow. We present a conceptual model revealing the extensive influence of transient draining of fossil groundwater storage augmented by regional interbasin flow from the Andes. Our analysis provides robust constraints on fundamental mechanisms governing this arid continental groundwater system and a framework within which to address persistent uncertainties in similar systems worldwide.", "license": { "name": "Academic Free License (AFL) 3.0", "short_name": "AFL 3.0", "text": "Academic Free License (\"AFL\") v. 3.0\r\nThis Academic Free License (the \"License\") applies to any original work of authorship (the \"Original Work\") whose owner (the \"Licensor\") has placed the following licensing notice adjacent to the copyright notice for the Original Work:\r\n\r\nLicensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0\r\n\r\n1) Grant of Copyright License. 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You must retain, in the Source Code of any Derivative Works that You create, all copyright, patent, or trademark notices from the Source Code of the Original Work, as well as any notices of licensing and any descriptive text identified therein as an \"Attribution Notice.\" You must cause the Source Code for any Derivative Works that You create to carry a prominent Attribution Notice reasonably calculated to inform recipients that You have modified the Original Work.\r\n\r\n7) Warranty of Provenance and Disclaimer of Warranty. Licensor warrants that the copyright in and to the Original Work and the patent rights granted herein by Licensor are owned by the Licensor or are sublicensed to You under the terms of this License with the permission of the contributor(s) of those copyrights and patent rights. Except as expressly stated in the immediately preceding sentence, the Original Work is provided under this License on an \"AS IS\" BASIS and WITHOUT WARRANTY, either express or implied, including, without limitation, the warranties of non-infringement, merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY OF THE ORIGINAL WORK IS WITH YOU. This DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY constitutes an essential part of this License. No license to the Original Work is granted by this License except under this disclaimer.\r\n\r\n8) Limitation of Liability. Under no circumstances and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, shall the Licensor be liable to anyone for any indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or the use of the Original Work including, without limitation, damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses. This limitation of liability shall not apply to the extent applicable law prohibits such limitation.\r\n\r\n9) Acceptance and Termination. If, at any time, You expressly assented to this License, that assent indicates your clear and irrevocable acceptance of this License and all of its terms and conditions. If You distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work or a Derivative Work, You must make a reasonable effort under the circumstances to obtain the express assent of recipients to the terms of this License. This License conditions your rights to undertake the activities listed in Section 1, including your right to create Derivative Works based upon the Original Work, and doing so without honoring these terms and conditions is prohibited by copyright law and international treaty. Nothing in this License is intended to affect copyright exceptions and limitations (including \"fair use\" or \"fair dealing\"). This License shall terminate immediately and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License upon your failure to honor the conditions in Section 1(c).\r\n\r\n10) Termination for Patent Action. This License shall terminate automatically and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License as of the date You commence an action, including a cross-claim or counterclaim, against Licensor or any licensee alleging that the Original Work infringes a patent. This termination provision shall not apply for an action alleging patent infringement by combinations of the Original Work with other software or hardware.\r\n\r\n11) Jurisdiction, Venue and Governing Law. Any action or suit relating to this License may be brought only in the courts of a jurisdiction wherein the Licensor resides or in which Licensor conducts its primary business, and under the laws of that jurisdiction excluding its conflict-of-law provisions. The application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is expressly excluded. Any use of the Original Work outside the scope of this License or after its termination shall be subject to the requirements and penalties of copyright or patent law in the appropriate jurisdiction. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n12) Attorneys' Fees. In any action to enforce the terms of this License or seeking damages relating thereto, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover its costs and expenses, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and costs incurred in connection with such action, including any appeal of such action. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n13) Miscellaneous. If any provision of this License is held to be unenforceable, such provision shall be reformed only to the extent necessary to make it enforceable.\r\n\r\n14) Definition of \"You\" in This License. \"You\" throughout this License, whether in upper or lower case, means an individual or a legal entity exercising rights under, and complying with all of the terms of, this License. For legal entities, \"You\" includes any entity that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with you. For purposes of this definition, \"control\" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.\r\n\r\n15) Right to Use. You may use the Original Work in all ways not otherwise restricted or conditioned by this License or by law, and Licensor promises not to interfere with or be responsible for such uses by You.\r\n\r\n16) Modification of This License. This License is Copyright © 2005 Lawrence Rosen. Permission is granted to copy, distribute, or communicate this License without modification. Nothing in this License permits You to modify this License as applied to the Original Work or to Derivative Works. However, You may modify the text of this License and copy, distribute or communicate your modified version (the \"Modified License\") and apply it to other original works of authorship subject to the following conditions: (i) You may not indicate in any way that your Modified License is the \"Academic Free License\" or \"AFL\" and you may not use those names in the name of your Modified License; (ii) You must replace the notice specified in the first paragraph above with the notice \"Licensed under <insert your license name here>\" or with a notice of your own that is not confusingly similar to the notice in this License; and (iii) You may not claim that your original works are open source software unless your Modified License has been approved by Open Source Initiative (OSI) and You comply with its license review and certification process.", "url": "http://opensource.org/licenses/AFL-3.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Chile" }, { "word": "Altiplano-Puna plateau" }, { "word": "Paleo-recharge" }, { "word": "Regional groundwater flow" }, { "word": "Salar de Atacama" }, { "word": "Tritium" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-11-11T19:39:33+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-11-13T23:40:58+01:00", "date_published": "2019-11-13T23:40:58+01:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR026386", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/katyv", "authors": [ { "pk": 3649, "first_name": "Brendan", "middle_name": "J", "last_name": "Moran", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0002-9862-6241" }, { "pk": 2564, "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "F", "last_name": "Boutt", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 4978, "first_name": "Lee", "middle_name": "Ann", "last_name": "Munk", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Hydrology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "WRR Manuscript_Final_Figures in Text_v2.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/567/download/1241/" }, { "original_filename": "WRR Manuscript_Final_Figures in Text_v2.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/567/download/1242/" }, { "original_filename": "WRR Manuscript_Final_Figures in Text_v2.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/567/download/1243/" }, { "original_filename": "Moran et al., 2019.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/567/download/4132/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/xyftd", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 568, "title": "The Fate of Carbon during Earth’s Core–Mantle Differentiation", "abstract": "Carbon is an essential element for the existence and evolution of life on Earth, constitutes up to 50% of dry biomass, and is likely a requirement for all life in the universe. Its high abundance in Earth’s crust and mantle (the Bulk Silicate Earth, BSE) is surprising because carbon is strongly siderophile (metal-loving) and should have segregated almost completely into Earth’s core during accretion. Estimates of the concentration of carbon in the mantle lie mostly in the range of 80–120 ppm, which is much higher than expected based on simple models of core–mantle differentiation. Here we show through experiments at 49–71 GPa and 3600–4000 K that carbon is significantly less siderophile at such conditions than at the low pressures (≤ 3 GPa) of previous studies. We derive a new parameterization of the pressure–temperature dependence of the metal–silicate partitioning of carbon and apply this in a state-of-the-art model of planet formation and differentiation that is based on astrophysical N-body accretion simulations. Results show that BSE carbon concentrations increase strongly starting at a very early stage of Earth’s accretion and, depending on the concentration of carbon in accreting bodies, can easily reach or exceed estimated BSE values. In contrast, simple models of “continuous core formation” require all BSE carbon to be accreted after core formation ended, but this is not consistent with astrophysical models of accretion.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "carbon" }, { "word": "core formation" }, { "word": "high pressure high temperature" }, { "word": "laser-heated diamond anvil cell" }, { "word": "metal silicate partitioning" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-11-11T14:18:44+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-11-14T08:54:43+01:00", "date_published": "2019-11-14T08:54:43+01:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/9t7ps", "authors": [ { "pk": 3954, "first_name": "Ingrid", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Blanchard", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 21803, "first_name": "Eleanor", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jennings", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8223, "first_name": "Ian", "middle_name": "A.", "last_name": "Franchi", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9248, "first_name": "Xuchao", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zhao", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10023, "first_name": "Sylvain", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Petitgirard", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10557, "first_name": "Nobuyoshi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Miyajima", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 770, "first_name": "Seth", "middle_name": "Andrew", "last_name": "Jacobson", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11201, "first_name": "Dave", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rubie", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geochemistry" }, { "name": "Mineral Physics" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Final_Document.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/568/download/1244/" }, { "original_filename": "Final_Document.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/568/download/1245/" }, { "original_filename": "Final_Document.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/568/download/1246/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 569, "title": "Coherent streamflow variability in Monsoon Asia over the past eight centuries---links to oceanic drivers", "abstract": "The Monsoon Asia region is home to ten of the world’s biggest rivers, supporting the lives of 1.7 billion people who rely on streamflow for water, energy, and food. Yet, a synoptic understanding of multi-centennial streamflow variability for this region is lacking. Here we produce the first large scale streamflow reconstruction over Monsoon Asia (63 stations in 16 countries), using a novel climate-informed dynamic algorithm that is skillful over 92% of the gauging stations. We show that streamflow in Monsoon Asia is spatially coherent, owing to common drivers from the Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic Oceans that exert their greatest influence over the Mekong and Chao Phraya basins. This work increases our understanding of streamflow variability over Monsoon Asia. We suggest that future water management in the region should be coordinated between basins, taking into account the states of the oceans.", "license": { "name": "Academic Free License (AFL) 3.0", "short_name": "AFL 3.0", "text": "Academic Free License (\"AFL\") v. 3.0\r\nThis Academic Free License (the \"License\") applies to any original work of authorship (the \"Original Work\") whose owner (the \"Licensor\") has placed the following licensing notice adjacent to the copyright notice for the Original Work:\r\n\r\nLicensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0\r\n\r\n1) Grant of Copyright License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, for the duration of the copyright, to do the following:\r\n\r\na) to reproduce the Original Work in copies, either alone or as part of a collective work;\r\n\r\nb) to translate, adapt, alter, transform, modify, or arrange the Original Work, thereby creating derivative works (\"Derivative Works\") based upon the Original Work;\r\n\r\nc) to distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work and Derivative Works to the public, under any license of your choice that does not contradict the terms and conditions, including Licensor's reserved rights and remedies, in this Academic Free License;\r\n\r\nd) to perform the Original Work publicly; and\r\n\r\ne) to display the Original Work publicly.\r\n\r\n2) Grant of Patent License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, under patent claims owned or controlled by the Licensor that are embodied in the Original Work as furnished by the Licensor, for the duration of the patents, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, and import the Original Work and Derivative Works.\r\n\r\n3) Grant of Source Code License. The term \"Source Code\" means the preferred form of the Original Work for making modifications to it and all available documentation describing how to modify the Original Work. Licensor agrees to provide a machine-readable copy of the Source Code of the Original Work along with each copy of the Original Work that Licensor distributes. Licensor reserves the right to satisfy this obligation by placing a machine-readable copy of the Source Code in an information repository reasonably calculated to permit inexpensive and convenient access by You for as long as Licensor continues to distribute the Original Work.\r\n\r\n4) Exclusions From License Grant. Neither the names of Licensor, nor the names of any contributors to the Original Work, nor any of their trademarks or service marks, may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this Original Work without express prior permission of the Licensor. Except as expressly stated herein, nothing in this License grants any license to Licensor's trademarks, copyrights, patents, trade secrets or any other intellectual property. No patent license is granted to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, or import embodiments of any patent claims other than the licensed claims defined in Section 2. No license is granted to the trademarks of Licensor even if such marks are included in the Original Work. Nothing in this License shall be interpreted to prohibit Licensor from licensing under terms different from this License any Original Work that Licensor otherwise would have a right to license.\r\n\r\n5) External Deployment. The term \"External Deployment\" means the use, distribution, or communication of the Original Work or Derivative Works in any way such that the Original Work or Derivative Works may be used by anyone other than You, whether those works are distributed or communicated to those persons or made available as an application intended for use over a network. As an express condition for the grants of license hereunder, You must treat any External Deployment by You of the Original Work or a Derivative Work as a distribution under section 1(c).\r\n\r\n6) Attribution Rights. You must retain, in the Source Code of any Derivative Works that You create, all copyright, patent, or trademark notices from the Source Code of the Original Work, as well as any notices of licensing and any descriptive text identified therein as an \"Attribution Notice.\" You must cause the Source Code for any Derivative Works that You create to carry a prominent Attribution Notice reasonably calculated to inform recipients that You have modified the Original Work.\r\n\r\n7) Warranty of Provenance and Disclaimer of Warranty. Licensor warrants that the copyright in and to the Original Work and the patent rights granted herein by Licensor are owned by the Licensor or are sublicensed to You under the terms of this License with the permission of the contributor(s) of those copyrights and patent rights. Except as expressly stated in the immediately preceding sentence, the Original Work is provided under this License on an \"AS IS\" BASIS and WITHOUT WARRANTY, either express or implied, including, without limitation, the warranties of non-infringement, merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY OF THE ORIGINAL WORK IS WITH YOU. This DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY constitutes an essential part of this License. No license to the Original Work is granted by this License except under this disclaimer.\r\n\r\n8) Limitation of Liability. Under no circumstances and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, shall the Licensor be liable to anyone for any indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or the use of the Original Work including, without limitation, damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses. This limitation of liability shall not apply to the extent applicable law prohibits such limitation.\r\n\r\n9) Acceptance and Termination. If, at any time, You expressly assented to this License, that assent indicates your clear and irrevocable acceptance of this License and all of its terms and conditions. If You distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work or a Derivative Work, You must make a reasonable effort under the circumstances to obtain the express assent of recipients to the terms of this License. This License conditions your rights to undertake the activities listed in Section 1, including your right to create Derivative Works based upon the Original Work, and doing so without honoring these terms and conditions is prohibited by copyright law and international treaty. Nothing in this License is intended to affect copyright exceptions and limitations (including \"fair use\" or \"fair dealing\"). This License shall terminate immediately and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License upon your failure to honor the conditions in Section 1(c).\r\n\r\n10) Termination for Patent Action. This License shall terminate automatically and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License as of the date You commence an action, including a cross-claim or counterclaim, against Licensor or any licensee alleging that the Original Work infringes a patent. This termination provision shall not apply for an action alleging patent infringement by combinations of the Original Work with other software or hardware.\r\n\r\n11) Jurisdiction, Venue and Governing Law. Any action or suit relating to this License may be brought only in the courts of a jurisdiction wherein the Licensor resides or in which Licensor conducts its primary business, and under the laws of that jurisdiction excluding its conflict-of-law provisions. The application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is expressly excluded. Any use of the Original Work outside the scope of this License or after its termination shall be subject to the requirements and penalties of copyright or patent law in the appropriate jurisdiction. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n12) Attorneys' Fees. In any action to enforce the terms of this License or seeking damages relating thereto, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover its costs and expenses, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and costs incurred in connection with such action, including any appeal of such action. This section shall survive the termination of this License.\r\n\r\n13) Miscellaneous. If any provision of this License is held to be unenforceable, such provision shall be reformed only to the extent necessary to make it enforceable.\r\n\r\n14) Definition of \"You\" in This License. \"You\" throughout this License, whether in upper or lower case, means an individual or a legal entity exercising rights under, and complying with all of the terms of, this License. For legal entities, \"You\" includes any entity that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with you. For purposes of this definition, \"control\" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.\r\n\r\n15) Right to Use. You may use the Original Work in all ways not otherwise restricted or conditioned by this License or by law, and Licensor promises not to interfere with or be responsible for such uses by You.\r\n\r\n16) Modification of This License. This License is Copyright © 2005 Lawrence Rosen. Permission is granted to copy, distribute, or communicate this License without modification. Nothing in this License permits You to modify this License as applied to the Original Work or to Derivative Works. However, You may modify the text of this License and copy, distribute or communicate your modified version (the \"Modified License\") and apply it to other original works of authorship subject to the following conditions: (i) You may not indicate in any way that your Modified License is the \"Academic Free License\" or \"AFL\" and you may not use those names in the name of your Modified License; (ii) You must replace the notice specified in the first paragraph above with the notice \"Licensed under <insert your license name here>\" or with a notice of your own that is not confusingly similar to the notice in this License; and (iii) You may not claim that your original works are open source software unless your Modified License has been approved by Open Source Initiative (OSI) and You comply with its license review and certification process.", "url": "http://opensource.org/licenses/AFL-3.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "ENSO" }, { "word": "Chao Phraya" }, { "word": "Mekong" }, { "word": "Monsoon Asia" }, { "word": "Pacific Decadal Variability" }, { "word": "streamflow reconstruction" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-11-11T13:40:18+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-11-13T23:34:23+01:00", "date_published": "2019-11-13T23:34:23+01:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR027883", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/5tg68", "authors": [ { "pk": 771, "first_name": "Hung", "middle_name": "Tan Thai", "last_name": "Nguyen", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7017, "first_name": "Sean", "middle_name": "W.D.", "last_name": "Turner", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8263, "first_name": "Brendan", "middle_name": "Martin", "last_name": "Buckley", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 772, "first_name": "Stefano", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Galelli", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Climate" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Hydrology" }, { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Paleo_Asia_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/569/download/1247/" }, { "original_filename": "Paleo_Asia_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/569/download/1248/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/xgyqu", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 597, "title": "Surface faulting earthquake clustering controlled by fault and shear-zone interactions", "abstract": "Surface faulting earthquakes are known to cluster in time, from historical and palaeoseismic studies, but the mechanism(s) responsible for clustering, such as fault interaction, strain-storage, and evolving dynamic topography, are poorly quantified, and hence not well understood. We present a quantified replication of observed earthquake clustering in central Italy. Six active normal faults are studied using 36Cl cosmogenic dating, revealing out-of-phase periods of high or low surface slip-rate on neighbouring structures that we interpret as earthquake clusters and anticlusters. Our calculations link stress transfer caused by slip averaged over clusters and anti-clusters on coupled fault/shear-zone structures to viscous flow laws. We show that (1) differential stress fluctuates during fault/shear-zone interactions, and (2) these fluctuations are of sufficient magnitude to produce changes in strain-rate on viscous shear zones that explain slip-rate changes on their overlying brittle faults. These results suggest that fault/shear-zone interactions are a plausible explanation for clustering, opening the path towards process-led seismic hazard assessments.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. 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The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "active faulting" }, { "word": "central Italy" }, { "word": "continental deformation" }, { "word": "cosmogenic dataing" }, { "word": "earthquake clustering" }, { "word": "fault interaction" }, { "word": "seismic hazard" }, { "word": "viscous shear zones" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-10-25T14:54:19+02:00", "date_accepted": "2019-10-25T15:58:05+02:00", "date_published": "2019-10-25T15:58:05+02:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34821-5", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/OSF.IO/QKX2V", "authors": [ { "pk": 4561, "first_name": "Zoe", "middle_name": "K", "last_name": "Mildon", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0001-6192-765X" }, { "pk": 6404, "first_name": "Gerald", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Roberts", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7648, "first_name": "Joanna", "middle_name": "Faure", "last_name": "Walker", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8788, "first_name": "Joakim", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Beck", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8932, "first_name": "Ioannis", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Papanikolaou", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10319, "first_name": "Alessandro", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Michetti", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7005, "first_name": "Shinji", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Toda", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7822, "first_name": "Francesco", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Iezzi", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11304, "first_name": "Lucy", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Campbell", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6300, "first_name": "Ken", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "McCaffrey", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Tectonics and Structure" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Fault Switching Paper final.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/597/download/1311/" }, { "original_filename": "Fault Switching Paper final.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/597/download/1312/" }, { "original_filename": "Fault Switching Paper_FR2_no_track_changes.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/597/download/12677/" }, { "original_filename": "Fault Switching Paper_FR2_no_track_changes.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/597/download/12678/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/6b4kd", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 570, "title": "Three-scale multiphysics finite element framework (FE3) modelling fault reactivation", "abstract": "Fluid injection or production in petroleum reservoirs affects the reservoir stresses such that it can even sometime reactivate dormant faults in the vicinity. In the particular case of deep car- bonate reservoirs, faults can also be chemically active; chemical dissolution of the fault core can transform an otherwise impermeable barrier to a flow channel. Due to the scale separation of the fault compared to the reservoir, implementation of highly non-linear multiphysics pro- cesses for the fault, needed for such phenomenon, is not compatible with simpler poromechan- ics controlling the reservoir behaviour. This contribution presents a three-scale finite element framework using the REDBACK simulator to account for those multiphysics couplings in faults during fluid production. This approach links the reservoir (km) scale - implementing porome- chanics both for the fault interface and its surrounding reservoir - with the fault at the meso-scale (m) - implementing a THMC reactivation model - and the micro-scale (μm) - implementing a hydro-chemical model on meshed μCT-scan images. This model can explain the permeability increase during fault reactivation and successfully replicate fault activation, evolution and deac- tivation features, predicted by common fault reactivation models, yet with continuous transitions between phases. The multiscale coupling allows to resolve the heterogenous propagation of the fault slip which proves to be independent of the initial highest slip tendency location. The in- fluence of the rock microstructure on fault and reservoir behaviour is quantified in a simulation where a hydraulically imperceptible difference in the microstructure’s geometry results in a dif- ferent duration of the reactivation event at the macro-scale. We demonstrate the advantage of dynamically upscaled laws compared to empirical laws as we capture permeability hysteresis during dissolution/precipitation of the fault.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. 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See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "fault reactivation" }, { "word": "multi-physics instability" }, { "word": "permeability hysteresis" }, { "word": "three scale finite element scheme" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-11-09T03:20:34+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-11-11T06:06:39+01:00", "date_published": "2019-11-11T06:06:39+01:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2020.112988", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/7h564", "authors": [ { "pk": 3216, "first_name": "Martin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lesueur", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5638, "first_name": "Thomas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Poulet", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 381, "first_name": "Emmanouil", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Veveakis", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Chemical Engineering" }, { "name": "Computational Engineering" }, { "name": "Engineering" }, { "name": "Petroleum Engineering" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "CMAME_3scales.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/570/download/1249/" }, { "original_filename": "CMAME_3scales.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/570/download/1250/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 571, "title": "Low-cost electronic sensors for environmental research: pitfalls and opportunities", "abstract": "Repeat observations underpin our understanding of environmental processes but financial constraints often limit scientists’ ability to deploy dense networks of conventional commercial instrumentation. Rapid growth in the Internet-Of-Things (IOT) and the maker movement is paving the way for low-cost electronic sensors to transform global environmental monitoring. Accessible and inexpensive sensor construction is also fostering exciting opportunities for citizen science and participatory research. Drawing on six years of developmental work with Arduino open-source hardware and software and active field research, we outline a series of successes, failures and lessons learned in designing and deploying environmental sensors. Six case studies are presented: a water table depth probe, air and water quality sensors, multi-parameter weather stations, a time-sequencing lake sediment trap and a sonic anemometer for monitoring sand transport. Sensor design and schematics are described alongside an evaluation of pitfalls and future improvements for individual sensors and the workflow process. We show that manual design and construction can produce research-grade scientific instruments for a fraction of the conventional cost. In sharing our collective experiences with build-it-yourself environmental monitoring, we intend for this paper to act as a platform for scientists and educators to delve into low-cost sensor development. This will ultimately lead to superior environmental monitoring at higher spatial and temporal resolution from the local to global scales.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). 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If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Arduino" }, { "word": "Data-logging" }, { "word": "Environmental monitoring" }, { "word": "FreeStation" }, { "word": "In-situ measurement" }, { "word": "Low-cost electronic sensors" }, { "word": "Open-source" }, { "word": "Open-source Hardware and Software" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-11-08T16:15:40+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-11-08T20:45:54+01:00", "date_published": "2019-11-08T20:45:54+01:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0309133320956567", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/t7xrn", "authors": [ { "pk": 773, "first_name": "Kristofer", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chan", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 4101, "first_name": "Daniel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Schillereff", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 775, "first_name": "Andreas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Baas", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8304, "first_name": "Michael", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chadwick", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9308, "first_name": "Bruce", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Main", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10067, "first_name": "Mark", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mulligan", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 776, "first_name": "Francis", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "O'Shea", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10950, "first_name": "Reagan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pearce", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11216, "first_name": "Thomas", "middle_name": "E L", "last_name": "Smith", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11399, "first_name": "Arnout", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "van Soesbergen", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Geography" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Social and Behavioral Sciences" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Chanetal2019_LowCostEnvironmentalSensors_PREPRINT.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/571/download/1251/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 572, "title": "Ancient subducted oceans controlling the positioning of deep mantle plumes", "abstract": "Seismic imaging of the Earths interior reveals plumes originating from relatively hot regions of the lower mantle, surrounded by cooler material thought to be remnants of ancient subducted oceans. Based largely on geophysical data, two opposing hypotheses dominate the discussion on dynamics at the base of mantle: the large hot anomalies are thermo-chemical in nature; or, alternatively, they are purely thermal plume clusters. In previous modelling studies, deep chemical heterogenities have been argued to be essential in developing appropriate present-day plume positions. Here, we quantify how the chemical composition of large, hot regions in the deep mantle influences the location of rising mantle plumes using numerical 3-D global mantle convection models constrained by 410 million years of palaeo-ocean evolution. For the first time, we show that purely thermal convection can reproduce the observed positions of present-day hotspots. By demonstrating that a lower mantle without large-scale chemical heterogeneities can generate appropriate global dynamics, we illustrate the power of sinking ocean plates to stir mantle flow and control the thermal evolution of the mantle. Because our models with a thermo-chemical anomaly reproduce the observed hotspot positions equally well, we posit that the deep hot anomalies in the mantle are purely passive in global dynamics - regardless of their (thermal or chemical) origin.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. 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Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "mantle convection" }, { "word": "Plumes" }, { "word": "subduction" }, { "word": "LLSVP" }, { "word": "mantle dynamics" }, { "word": "supercontinent" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-11-08T08:03:26+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-11-08T20:31:40+01:00", "date_published": "2019-11-08T20:31:40+01:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/vdmys", "authors": [ { "pk": 777, "first_name": "Philip", "middle_name": "Joseph", "last_name": "Heron", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 4225, "first_name": "Juliane", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Dannberg", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7105, "first_name": "Rene", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gassmöller", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 3726, "first_name": "Grace", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Shephard", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9341, "first_name": "Jeroen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "van Hunen", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10092, "first_name": "R.", "middle_name": "N.", "last_name": "Pysklywec", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geochemistry" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Tectonics and Structure" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Heron_etal_NatComm2019_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/572/download/1252/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 573, "title": "Nowcasting submarine slope instability at local, margin, and global scales using machine learning", "abstract": "Submarine slope instability (SSI) is a broad term for events ranging from 100 km3 instantaneous open slope failures on continental margins to 0.001 km3 creeping mudflows on heavily sedimented river deltas. SSI events such as the 2018 Sunda Strait and 1929 Grand Banks submarine landslides extract high societal tolls, yet SSI predictive capability is limited. SSI observational studies are resource intensive and cover small areas, necessitating a method for estimating SSI geohazard potential where it is not measured. Here we use machine learning and a compilation of SSI observations and predictors to make the most comprehensive geospatial SSI predictions, or nowcasts, to date. Nowcasts on regional (100 km2) to global spatial scales identify SSI hotspots on glaciated and volcanic margins (global), offshore of lowstand depocenters (margin), and mudflow gullies on the Mississippi River Delta (regional). Global SSI nowcasts, normalized by total sediment deposited since the start of the Pleistocene (2.58 Ma), show that passive margins are on average composed of approximately twice as much SSI-derived sediment compared to active margins, affirming the prominent role seismic strengthening plays in millennial-scale slope stability. We also demonstrate the particular suitability of time-series bathymetric surveys for training SSI predictions in instability-prone areas; using machine learning prediction to interpolate between resurvey transects can decrease the necessary data volume required for hazard assessment by a factor of three.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. 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The obducted Pembine ophiolite formed along the edge of a Paleoproterozoic ocean basin at least 30 m.y. prior to Penokean island arc/microcontinent accretion beginning at 1860 Ma. Following Penokean orogenesis, intrusion of mafic dikes at 1817 ± 2 Ma indicate a period of extension that coincided with a 30 m.y. gap in orogenic felsic magmatism at 1835-1805 Ma (between the Penokean and Yavapai orogenies) and likely represents relaxation of Penokean compression and a tectonic switch to intra-arc extension related to initiation of Yavapai subduction. Subsequent Yavapai arc accretion (1750-1720 Ma) resulted in pervasive ductile deformation of the dikes and host rocks at temperatures of ~700 °C, previously attributed to Penokean deformation. Geon 16 Mazatzal overprinting of the accreted Penokean and Yavapai provinces was widespread but of lower grade overall (greenschist facies), and the thermal effects of the 1476-1470 Ma shallow level Wolf River batholith was limited to a 10-15 km contact zone surrounding the intrusion. In contrast to the Archean Superior Province to the north, Paleoproterozoic terranes in the southern Lake Superior area experienced widespread low-temperature reheating and cooling of shallow crustal levels at ca. 1.1-1.0 Ga attributed primarily to magmatic underplating with little subsequent Neoproterozoic exhumation. In the southern Lake Superior region widespread magmatic underplating likely thickened, strengthened, and stabilized Proterozoic lithosphere but destabilized Archean cratonized Superior Province lithosphere to the north.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). 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If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "thermochronology" }, { "word": "Geology" }, { "word": "Geochronology" }, { "word": "Geodynamics" }, { "word": "40Ar/39Ar" }, { "word": "argon dating" }, { "word": "Lake Superior" }, { "word": "lithosphere" }, { "word": "mafic magmatism" }, { "word": "Mazatzal" }, { "word": "Penokean orogeny" }, { "word": "Proterozoic" }, { "word": "Proterozoic tectonics" }, { "word": "stabilization" }, { "word": "Yavapai" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-11-07T15:44:55+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-11-08T01:39:46+01:00", "date_published": "2019-11-08T01:39:46+01:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2019.105587", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/45ns9", "authors": [ { "pk": 14870, "first_name": "Daniel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Holm", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5808, "first_name": "L.", "middle_name": "Gordon", "last_name": "Medaris", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 1710, "first_name": "Kalin", "middle_name": "T.", "last_name": "McDannell", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-3161-8124" }, { "pk": 8381, "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "A.", "last_name": "Schneider", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9371, "first_name": "Klaus", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Schulz", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10112, "first_name": "Brad", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Singer", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10618, "first_name": "Brian", "middle_name": "R.", "last_name": "Jicha", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geochemistry" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Tectonics and Structure" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Holm et al. Growth, Overprinting, and Stabilization of Prot Provinces.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/574/download/1254/" }, { "original_filename": "Holm et al. Growth, Overprinting, and Stabilization of Prot Provinces.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/574/download/1255/" }, { "original_filename": "Holm et al. Growth, Overprinting, and Stabilization of Prot Provinces.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/574/download/1256/" }, { "original_filename": "Holm et al. Growth, Overprinting, and Stabilization of Prot Provinces.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/574/download/1257/" }, { "original_filename": "Holm et al. Growth, Overprinting, and Stabilization of Prot Provinces.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/574/download/1258/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 575, "title": "Pore network model predictions of Darcy-scale multiphase flow heterogeneity validated by experiments", "abstract": "Small-scale heterogeneities in multiphase flow properties fundamentally control the flow of fluids from very small to very large scales in geologic systems. Inability to characterize these heterogeneities often limits numerical model descriptions and predictions of multiphase flow across scales. In this study, we evaluate the ability of pore network models (PNM) to characterize multiphase flow heterogeneity at the millimeter scale using X-ray micro-computed tomography images of centimeter-scale rock cores. Specifically, pore network model capillary pressure and relative permeability output is used to populate a Darcy-scale numerical model of the rock cores. These pore-network-derived Darcy-scale simulations lead to accurate predictions of core-average relative permeability, and water saturation, as validated by independent experimental datasets from the same cores and robust uncertainty analysis. Results highlight that heterogeneity in capillary pressure characteristics are more important for predicting local and upscaled flow behavior than heterogeneity in permeability or relative permeability. The leading uncertainty in core-average relative permeability is driven not by the image processing or PNM extraction, but rather by ambiguity in capillary pressure boundary condition definition in the Darcy scale simulator. This characterization workflow enables predictions of local capillary heterogeneity and core-averaged multiphase flow properties while circumventing the need for the most complex experimental observations conventionally required to obtain these properties.", "license": { "name": "Academic Free License (AFL) 3.0", "short_name": "AFL 3.0", "text": "Academic Free License (\"AFL\") v. 3.0\r\nThis Academic Free License (the \"License\") applies to any original work of authorship (the \"Original Work\") whose owner (the \"Licensor\") has placed the following licensing notice adjacent to the copyright notice for the Original Work:\r\n\r\nLicensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0\r\n\r\n1) Grant of Copyright License. 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However, You may modify the text of this License and copy, distribute or communicate your modified version (the \"Modified License\") and apply it to other original works of authorship subject to the following conditions: (i) You may not indicate in any way that your Modified License is the \"Academic Free License\" or \"AFL\" and you may not use those names in the name of your Modified License; (ii) You must replace the notice specified in the first paragraph above with the notice \"Licensed under <insert your license name here>\" or with a notice of your own that is not confusingly similar to the notice in this License; and (iii) You may not claim that your original works are open source software unless your Modified License has been approved by Open Source Initiative (OSI) and You comply with its license review and certification process.", "url": "http://opensource.org/licenses/AFL-3.0" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "multiphase flow" }, { "word": "Simulation" }, { "word": "capillary heterogeneity" }, { "word": "digital rock physics" }, { "word": "pore network model" }, { "word": "X-ray computed tomography" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-11-07T11:38:22+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-11-08T01:41:21+01:00", "date_published": "2019-11-08T01:41:21+01:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR026708", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/62uta", "authors": [ { "pk": 779, "first_name": "Christopher", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zahasky", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 9402, "first_name": "Samuel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jackson", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 18, "first_name": "Qingyang", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lin", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 2901, "first_name": "Sam", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Krevor", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Hydrology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "WRR_revised_pore_network_model_predictions_of_Darcy_scale_multiphase_flow.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/575/download/1259/" }, { "original_filename": "Revised_Pore_network_model_predictions_of_Darcy_scale_multiphase_flow_submitted.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/575/download/1260/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/msa59", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 576, "title": "A note on the instability and pattern formation of shrinkage cracks in viscoplastic soils", "abstract": "In this note we present a theoretical study on the conditions for the onset of cracks, as well as the corresponding pattern formation, in saturated viscoplastic soils under isotropic loading (extension). The type of stress applied is left unspecified, to cover a variety of loadings including shrinkage due to dessication, isotropic thermal expansion, mechanical loading and so forth. By treating the saturated soil as rigid viscoplastic, we obtain a 2D extension of the Cnoidal Waves equations [1]. By numerically solving the corresponding boundary value problem, we retrieve conditions for the onset of cracking instability in 2D loading, and identify the characteristic spacing between cracks to be a length scale combining all the hydro-mechanical parameters of the problem. Finally, we show that in a rectangular slab of clay under isotropic extension, patterns of triangular, rectangular and hexagonal cracks can tessellate the domain, with the hexagonal pattern being the energetically favored, as it minimizes the free energy of the system.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. 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Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "bifurcation analysis" }, { "word": "cnoidal waves" }, { "word": "hexagonal patterns" }, { "word": "mud-cracks" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-11-07T02:15:43+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-11-08T01:42:22+01:00", "date_published": "2019-11-08T01:42:22+01:00", "doi": "http://doi.org/10.1016/j.gete.2020.100198", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/h5rb7", "authors": [ { "pk": 381, "first_name": "Emmanouil", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Veveakis", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5638, "first_name": "Thomas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Poulet", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering" }, { "name": "Engineering" }, { "name": "Materials Science and Engineering" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "hexagons.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/576/download/1261/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 577, "title": "Logjams are not jammed: measurements of log motions in Big Creek, Idaho", "abstract": "Colloquially, a \"logjam\" indicates a kinematic arrest of movement. Taken literally, it refers to a type of dense accumulation of wood in rivers widely recognized as bestowing numerous biological and physical benefits to the system but also present serious hazards to infrastructure. Despite this, no in-situ field measurements have assessed the degree of arrest in a naturally-formed logjam. Using time-lapse photography, repeat total station surveys and water level loggers, we provide an unprecedented perspective on the evolution of a logjam in central Idaho. Despite the namesake, we find that the logjam is not jammed. The ensemble of logs progressively deforms in response to shear and buoyant lift of flowing water, modulated by the rising limb, peak and falling limb of the snowmelt hydrograph. As water rises and log drag against the bed and banks decreases, they collectively translate downstream, generating a heterogeneous pattern of deformation. As streamflow recedes and the logs reconnect with the bed and banks, the coherent deformation pattern degrades as logs settle opportunistically amongst their neighbors. Field observations of continuous movement at a low rate are qualitatively similar to creep and clogging, behaviors that are common to a wide class of disordered materials. These similarities open the possibility to inform future studies of environmental clogging, wood-laden flows, logjams, hazard mitigation and the design of engineered logjams by bridging these practices with frontier research efforts in soft matter physics and granular rheology.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. 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See the GNU\r\n Lesser General Public License for more details.\r\n\r\n You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\r\n License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\r\n Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n\r\nAlso add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.\r\n\r\nYou should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your\r\nschool, if any, to sign a \"copyright disclaimer\" for the library, if\r\nnecessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "anisotropic granular materials" }, { "word": "clogging" }, { "word": "jamming" }, { "word": "large woody debris" }, { "word": "logjams" }, { "word": "log rafts" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-11-05T15:20:49+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-11-08T01:43:24+01:00", "date_published": "2019-11-08T01:43:24+01:00", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/x9s27", "authors": [ { "pk": 1523, "first_name": "Nakul", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Deshpande", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5890, "first_name": "Benjamin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Crosby", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geomorphology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "LogjamsNotJammed_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/577/download/1262/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/y8uz6", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 598, "title": "On the difficulties of being rigorous in environmental geochemistry studies: some recommendations for designing an impactful paper", "abstract": "There have been numerous environmental geochemistry studies using chemical, geological, ecological and toxicological methods but each of these fields requires more subject specialist rigour than has generally been applied so far. Field-specific terminology has been misused and the resulting interpretations rendered inaccurate. In this paper, we propose a series of suggestions, based on our experience as teachers, researchers, reviewers and editorial board members, to help authors to avoid pitfalls. Many scientific inaccuracies continue to be unchecked and are repeatedly republished by the scientific community. These recommendations should help our colleagues and editorial board members, as well as reviewers, to avoid the many inaccuracies and misconceptions currently in circulation and establish a trend towards greater rigour in scientific writing.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. 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If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "speciation" }, { "word": "ecology" }, { "word": "modelling" }, { "word": "ecotoxicology" }, { "word": "fractionation" }, { "word": "risk assessment" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-10-25T08:33:52+02:00", "date_accepted": "2019-10-25T09:32:36+02:00", "date_published": "2019-10-25T09:32:36+02:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06835-y", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/byagn", "authors": [ { "pk": 3564, "first_name": "Olivier", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pourret", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0001-6181-6079" }, { "pk": 810, "first_name": "BOLLINGER", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jean-Claude", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 704, "first_name": "Eric", "middle_name": "D.", "last_name": "van Hullebusch", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Biogeochemistry" }, { "name": "Chemistry" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Environmental Chemistry" }, { "name": "Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Geochemistry" }, { "name": "Other Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Pourret ESPR 2019 EarthArXiv.docx", "mime_type": "application/msword", "download_url": "/repository/object/598/download/1313/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 578, "title": "Chemical versus mechanical denudation in meta-clastic and carbonate bedrock catchments on Crete, Greece, and mechanisms for steep and high carbonate topography", "abstract": "On Crete — as is common elsewhere in the Mediterranean — carbonate massifs form high mountain ranges whereas topography is lower in areas with meta-clastic rocks. This observation suggests that differences in denudational processes between carbonate-rich rocks and quartzofeldspathic units impart a fundamental control on landscape evolution. Here we present new cosmogenic basin-average denudation rate measurements from both 10Be and 36Cl in meta-clastic and carbonate bedrock catchments, respectively, to assess relationships between denudation rates, processes, and topographic form. We compare total denudation rates to dissolution rates calculated from 49 new and previously published water samples. Basin-average denudation rates of meta-clastic and carbonate catchments are similar, with mean values of ~ 0.10 mm/a and ~ 0.13 mm/a, respectively. The contribution of dissolution to total denudation rate was < 10% in the one measured meta-clastic catchment, and ~ 40% for carbonate catchments (~ 0.05 mm/a), suggesting the dominance of physical over chemical weathering at the catchment scale in both rock types. Water mass-balance calculations for three carbonate catchments suggests 40-90% of surface runoff is lost to groundwater. To explore the impact of dissolution and infiltration to groundwater on relief, we develop a numerical model for carbonate denudation. We find that dissolution modifies the river profile channel steepness, and infiltration changes the fluvial response time to external forcing. Furthermore, we show that infiltration of surface runoff to groundwater in karst regions is an efficient way to steepen topography and generate the dramatic relief in carbonates observed throughout Crete and the Mediterranean.", "license": { "name": "GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) 2.1", "short_name": "GNU LGPL 2.1", "text": "GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE\r\n Version 2.1, February 1999\r\n\r\n Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\r\n 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA\r\n Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies\r\n of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.\r\n\r\n[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts\r\n as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence\r\n the version number 2.1.]\r\n\r\n Preamble\r\n\r\n The licenses for most software are designed to take away your\r\nfreedom to share and change it. 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Here is a sample; alter the names:\r\n\r\n Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the\r\n library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.\r\n\r\n <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990\r\n Ty Coon, President of Vice\r\n\r\nThat's all there is to it!", "url": "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.txt" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "karst" }, { "word": "Carbonate" }, { "word": "chemical weathering" }, { "word": "landscape evolution" }, { "word": "chlorine-36" }, { "word": "cosmogenic" }, { "word": "denudation" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-11-04T13:48:56+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-11-05T14:04:07+01:00", "date_published": "2019-11-05T14:04:07+01:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JF005142", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/eaj2h", "authors": [ { "pk": 4047, "first_name": "Richard", "middle_name": "F", "last_name": "Ott", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7338, "first_name": "Sean", "middle_name": "F", "last_name": "Gallen", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7239, "first_name": "Jeremy", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Caves-Rugenstein", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 16378, "first_name": "Susan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ivy-Ochs", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 13993, "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Helman", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10672, "first_name": "Charalampos", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Fassoulas", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10646, "first_name": "Christof", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Vockenhuber", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10987, "first_name": "Marcus", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Christl", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11247, "first_name": "Sean", "middle_name": "D", "last_name": "Willett", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geomorphology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Erosion_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/578/download/1263/" }, { "original_filename": "Erosion_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/578/download/1264/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://osf.io/8phfs", "label": "Supplementary material" } ] }, { "pk": 579, "title": "On the statistical significance of foreshock sequences in Southern California", "abstract": "Earthquake foreshocks may provide information that is critical to short-term earthquake forecasting. However, foreshocks are far from ubiquitously observed, which makes the interpretation of ongoing seismic sequences problematic. Based on a statistical analysis, Trugman & Ross (2019) suggested that as much as 72% of all mainshocks in Southern California is preceded by foreshock sequences. In this study, we re-assess the analysis of Trugman & Ross (2019), and we evaluate the impact of the assumptions made by these authors. Using an alternative statistical approach, we find that only 15 out of 46 mainshocks (33%) are preceded by significantly elevated seismicity rates. When accounting for temporal fluctuations in the background seismicity, only 18% of the analysed foreshock sequences remain unexplained by the background seismicity. These results imply that even in a highly complete earthquake catalogue, the majority of earthquakes do not exhibit detectable foreshock sequences.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). 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If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Foreshocks" }, { "word": "earthquake" }, { "word": "california" } ], "date_submitted": "2019-11-04T08:32:26+01:00", "date_accepted": "2019-11-05T13:58:13+01:00", "date_published": "2019-11-05T13:58:13+01:00", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL086224", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/osf.io/nmwkx", "authors": [ { "pk": 1886, "first_name": "Martijn", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "van den Ende", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-0634-7078" }, { "pk": 1567, "first_name": "Jean Paul", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ampuero", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-4827-7987" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "foreshock_statistics_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/579/download/1265/" }, { "original_filename": "foreshock_statistics_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/579/download/1266/" }, { "original_filename": "foreshock_statistics_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/579/download/1267/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] } ] }