Preprint List
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{ "count": 7174, "next": "https://eartharxiv.org/api/preprints/?format=api&limit=100&offset=6300", "previous": "https://eartharxiv.org/api/preprints/?format=api&limit=100&offset=6100", "results": [ { "pk": 13151, "title": "Wildfire smoke offsets decades of progress in reducing ozone exposure across the United States", "abstract": "Ground-level ozone (O3) pollution has declined in the U.S., yet the progress has stalled in recent years, coinciding with increasing wildfire smoke. Using ensemble machine learning models trained on surface observations, we develop a gridded daily smoke O3 dataset across the contiguous U.S. from 2006-2023. We estimate that wildfire smoke placed an additional 29 million people each year in areas exceeding the federal O3 standard, a 74% increase over a no-smoke baseline. Smoke has offset 36% of the reduction in the O3 nonattainment population and 62% of the improvement in population-weighted O3 concentrations over 2006-2023. Smoke ozone follows spatial-temporal patterns distinct from smoke PM2.5. Wildfire smoke is increasingly eroding the O3 health benefits achieved through decades of emission controls, posing a growing challenge for air quality management in a changing climate.", "license": { "name": "CC-By Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce and reproduce, but not Share, Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material, You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, You do not have permission under this Public License to Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only and provided You do not Share Adapted Material;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "wildfire" }, { "word": "ozone" }, { "word": "air quality" }, { "word": "climate" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-05-23T01:49:51.069219Z", "date_accepted": "2026-05-23T13:49:43.980920Z", "date_published": "2026-05-23T13:49:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5VJ5K", "authors": [ { "pk": 21005, "first_name": "Minghao", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Qiu", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0002-5224-570X" }, { "pk": 138044, "first_name": "Yangmingkai", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Li", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 93632, "first_name": "Marissa", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Childs", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 138045, "first_name": "Makoto", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kelp", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 55216, "first_name": "Xiaomeng", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jin", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 138046, "first_name": "Guanyu", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Huang", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 138047, "first_name": "Mahdieh", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Danesh Yazdi", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 138048, "first_name": "Yaguang", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wei", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 138049, "first_name": "Yuan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wang", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 138050, "first_name": "Kai", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chen", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Atmospheric Sciences" }, { "name": "Climate" }, { "name": "Environmental Sciences" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "combined_manuscript_eartharxiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/13151/download/23292/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11196, "title": "South Atlantic abyssal temperature variability and trends at 34.5°S", "abstract": "Warming of abyssal waters in the South Atlantic has been reported in recent years. However, the variability of bottom temperatures and its implications for assessing linear trends have received limited attention. In addition to confirming positive temperature trends, this study documents substantial bottom-temperature variability, from tidal to annual time scales, captured by bottom moorings deployed at two previously unobserved sites at 34.5°S: Site E (31.13°W, 4007 m) and Site F (18.82°W, 3389 m). The record spans January 2019 to January 2023, with measurements collected every 30 minutes. At each site, temperature sensors were placed approximately 50 m above the seafloor. Both sites exhibit bottom-temperature variance concentrated in the 3–12-month band, consistent with a semiannual cycle, and a dominant semi-diurnal tidal peak. Site E displays an unexpectedly strong signal at ~4-day periods, accounting for ~10% of the total variance, and a larger warming trend (13.0±0.4 m°C/yr) compared to Site F (4.7±0.2 m°C/yr). Differences in the temperature variance spectra between sites, along with a wavelet coherence analysis, suggest that local processes (e.g., topographic eddies and internal waves) play a significant role in driving bottom-temperature variability over 2 to 8 days. These results underscore the importance of sustained deep-ocean monitoring to distinguish long-term trends from short-term fluctuations and to elucidate the mechanisms driving bottom-temperature changes in the South Atlantic.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Near-bottom temperature" }, { "word": "Strong variability" }, { "word": "Fast warming" }, { "word": "South Atlantic" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-12-17T18:41:38.527000Z", "date_accepted": "2025-12-17T20:43:24.536000Z", "date_published": "2025-12-16T23:46:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5W17G", "authors": [ { "pk": 126721, "first_name": "Maurício", "middle_name": "R.", "last_name": "Rocha", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-7370-3079" }, { "pk": 126738, "first_name": "Edmo", "middle_name": "J. D.", "last_name": "Campos", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 126739, "first_name": "Alberto", "middle_name": "R.", "last_name": "Piola", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 126740, "first_name": "Mathias", "middle_name": "C.", "last_name": "van Caspel", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 126732, "first_name": "Paulo", "middle_name": "Simionatto", "last_name": "Polito", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 89700, "first_name": "Cesar", "middle_name": "B.", "last_name": "Rocha", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "South_Atlantic_abyssal_temperature_variability_and_trends_at_34S.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11196/download/20364/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11199, "title": "The impact of extreme temperatures on respiratory mortality in Brazil: evaluating regional adaptations to different thermal environments", "abstract": "We conducted a nationwide ecological time-series study to quantify the association between ambient temperature and respiratory mortality across Brazil's diverse climates. Using data from 520 municipalities (population ≥50,000) from 2010 to 2020, we analysed 1,008,157 respiratory deaths (ICD-10 J00–J99) using distributed-lag non-linear models (lags 0–21 days) with quasi-Poisson regression, adjusting for seasonality, time trends, and day of week. City-specific estimates were pooled by random-effects meta-analysis, and attributable fractions were calculated using the forward perspective method. Both cold and heat were associated with increased mortality risk, following a U-shaped relationship. Minimum mortality temperature varied by 6.3°C across regions. Relative risks at the 10th and 90th percentiles were 1.95 (IQR 1.44–2.88) and 1.82 (IQR 1.39–2.81), respectively. Non-optimal temperatures accounted for 2.89% of deaths nationally (approximately 2,650 annually), with the highest fractions in the North (8.2%). Adults aged ≥65 years and Black individuals (for heat) showed the most significant vulnerability. Temperature extremes increase respiratory mortality across Brazil, with tropical regions exhibiting heightened vulnerability to cold despite warmer baseline climates. These findings support region-specific warning systems addressing both thermal extremes, with priority for older adults and Black populations.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "temperature" }, { "word": "extreme heat" }, { "word": "Cold Temperature" }, { "word": "Respiratory Tract Diseases" }, { "word": "Mortality" }, { "word": "brazil" }, { "word": "climate change" }, { "word": "environmental exposure" }, { "word": "Time Series Studies" }, { "word": "Ecological Studies" }, { "word": "Distributed Lag Non-linear Models" }, { "word": "meta-analysis" }, { "word": "Attributable Fraction" }, { "word": "risk assessment" }, { "word": "Public health" }, { "word": "Epidemiology" }, { "word": "air pollution" }, { "word": "Particulate Matter" }, { "word": "vulnerable populations" }, { "word": "aged" }, { "word": "health disparities" }, { "word": "Racial Groups" }, { "word": "Continental Population Groups" }, { "word": "tropical climate" }, { "word": "Seasons" }, { "word": "Urban Health" }, { "word": "Environmental Health" }, { "word": "Cause of Death" }, { "word": "Death Certificates" }, { "word": "Health Information Systems" }, { "word": "Vital Statistics" }, { "word": "Geographic Mapping" }, { "word": "South America" }, { "word": "developing countries" }, { "word": "Middle Income Countries" }, { "word": "Acclimatization" }, { "word": "Heat stroke" }, { "word": "Hypothermia" }, { "word": "chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" }, { "word": "asthma" }, { "word": "influenza" }, { "word": "respiratory infections" }, { "word": "climate adaptation" }, { "word": "Early warning systems" }, { "word": "Health Policy" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-12-17T22:00:14.378000Z", "date_accepted": "2025-12-19T14:33:35.345000Z", "date_published": "2025-12-19T14:33:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X57B35", "authors": [ { "pk": 126747, "first_name": "Guilherme", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Coelho", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0003-3045-4057" }, { "pk": 126748, "first_name": "Charles M'poca", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Charles", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 126749, "first_name": "Clarimar José", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Coelho", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 126750, "first_name": "Mauricio Wesley", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Perroud Junior", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 126751, "first_name": "Danielle Satie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kassada", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 126752, "first_name": "Rodolfo de Carvalho", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pacagnella", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Public Health" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "PCLM-D-25-00486.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11199/download/20367/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://www.climaterna.com.br", "label": "Public data" } ] }, { "pk": 11200, "title": "Regional Characterization of Coal Resources in the U.S. Gulf Coast", "abstract": "There is increasing interest in extracting critical minerals (CM), including rare earth elements (REE), from coals in the United States to address the overreliance on imported REE. The U.S. Gulf Coast and the Williston basins are the two major lignite-bearing basins within the country. Recent REE and CM studies of the lignite in these basins have indicated that the coals may be a viable source material for REE and CM extraction. To evaluate in-place coal as a potential source of REE and CM, the coal resources need to be quantified. This study presents the results of a regional analysis of the U.S. Gulf Coast lignite and bituminous coal resources that might be available as potential sources of REE and CM. The resource analysis used kriging methods to develop isopleth maps of cumulative coal thickness throughout the region using data from 31,181 drill holes and other data points. The estimated total coal resource in the Gulf Coast is about 83 billion metric tons in the upper 90 m (~ 300 ft) of the subsurface. Texas accounted for 40 percent (32 billion metric tons) of the total resource, followed by Mississippi (24 %, 20 billion metric tons), Louisiana (14 %, 12 billion metric tons), Tennessee (10 %, 8.5 billion metric tons), and Arkansas (6 %, 5.1 billion metric tons). The remaining states each accounted for less than 5 percent of the total resource. Georgia had the smallest resource estimated at 7 million metric tons. Here we report the first known state-wide lignite resource estimates for Georgia, Kentucky (820 million metric tons), and Missouri (1,800 million metric tons). A comparison of the results of this study with those of previous Gulf Coast and Williston Basin resource studies is difficult because each study used different data sources, assessment methodologies, overburden depths, and qualifying coal thicknesses. Coal-power electric generation has sharply decreased in past decades and mining of these coals for CM and REE could provide additional co-products such as activated carbon and other uses such as fertilizer (soil enhancer).", "license": { "name": "No Creative Commons license", "short_name": "No CC license", "text": "This option allows you to opt out of adding a Creative Commons license to your submission.", "url": "https://escholarship.org" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "U.S. Gulf Coast" }, { "word": "Coal Resources" }, { "word": "Critical minerals" }, { "word": "rare earth elements" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-12-17T22:27:17.628000Z", "date_accepted": "2025-12-19T17:47:14.192000Z", "date_published": "2025-12-19T17:47:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X53J17", "authors": [ { "pk": 126745, "first_name": "Peter", "middle_name": "D.", "last_name": "Warwick", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000000231527783" }, { "pk": 126753, "first_name": "Robert", "middle_name": "C.", "last_name": "Reedy", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 26871, "first_name": "Bridget", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "R. Scanlon", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Warwick_etal_Gulf_Coal_Resources_ 20251217_Final.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11200/download/20368/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11201, "title": "El Niño amplified food insecurity in early modern Europe", "abstract": "The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a dominant source of global inter annual climate variability, yet its long-term influence on food security remains poorly understood. Drawing on a recently compiled dataset of 160 European famines and a new high-resolution ENSO reconstruction, we show a robust correspondence between positive ENSO anomalies (El Niño events) and subsistence crises during the early modern period (1500–1800). These anomalies increased the probability of famine onset in Central Europe – the European region that we find most teleconnected with ENSO variability – where we estimate that more than 40% of famine onsets are associated with El Niño events. To explain this finding, we establish a pathway in which positive ENSO anomalies are revealed (1) to be associated with excessive summer wetness and (2) consequently reduced grain harvests. We further show that ENSO effects on famine duration were even more widespread: El Niño events increased the annual likelihood of famine persistence by 24% in\nall nine European regions for which data are available. To explain this finding, we study grain price data and show that ENSO-induced climate variability drove grain prices up by 6.5% after one year – even in non-teleconnected locations. We posit that this outcome is consistent with significant market integration that allowed climate-related shocks to propagate across the continent. We further show that these grain price shocks spilled over to other subsistence goods, such as fish, an effect we attribute to demand substitution given the lack of apparent ENSO influence on European and North Atlantic marine environments. Collectively, these results provide novel and robust evidence for the influence of mechanisms of global climate variability on regional food security during the early modern period in Europe", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "food security" }, { "word": "ENSO" }, { "word": "climate impacts" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-12-17T23:40:41.709000Z", "date_accepted": "2025-12-18T16:19:01.667000Z", "date_published": "2025-12-18T16:18:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5GR1Q", "authors": [ { "pk": 126755, "first_name": "Emile", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Esmaili", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 126757, "first_name": "Michael", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Puma", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 89303, "first_name": "Francis", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ludlow", "salutation": "Miss", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 126758, "first_name": "Eva", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jobbová", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 126759, "first_name": "Janavi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kumar", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 126760, "first_name": "Poul", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Holm", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 30997, "first_name": "Fredrik Charpentier", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ljungqvist", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 126761, "first_name": "John", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Matthews", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 126762, "first_name": "Johannes", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Dahl", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 126763, "first_name": "Andrea", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Seim", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Social and Behavioral Sciences" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Famine_paper_4OCEANS (6).pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11201/download/20369/" }, { "original_filename": "Enso_Famine_eartharxiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11201/download/20370/" }, { "original_filename": "Famine_paper_4OCEANS (6).pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11201/download/24031/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11203, "title": "How Robust are Single Aliquot Regeneration paleo-doses using single grains of Quartz: The role of change in luminescence sensitivity during the measurement of natural luminescence", "abstract": "Luminescence dating using quartz is generally carried out using the single aliquot regeneration (SAR) protocol (Murray et al., 2021; Murray and Wintle, 2000). Singhvi et al. (2011) suggested a methodological improvement in the SAR protocol to account for the changes in the luminescence sensitivity during the readout of natural OSL signal. It was suggested that such changes are common and if not corrected for, can lead to systematic offsets in the SAR based luminescence ages. Singhvi et al. (2011) proposed a Natural Correction Factor (NCF) to correct for such changes in the luminescence sensitivity. \nThis suggestion implied that, in the absence of any experimental procedure to routinely measure changes in the luminescence sensitivity of individual grains, currently used automated single grain measurements and age determination based on them could be erroneous (Chauhan and Singhvi, 2019). This contribution examines a possible way such that automated single grain measurements can be used through segregation of luminescence signals from grains whose signal potentially have a NCF closer to unity. \nExamination of SAR measurements on single grain data provided three important observations viz.; \na)\tdispersion in single grain paleo- doses decreased with the signal to background ratio(R), \nb)\tthe dose recovery tests on young samples (with low natural doses), additionally irradiated with a larger laboratory dose, indicated that, majorly the samples with high signal / background ratio (R), typically > 100, returned paleodoses closer to the expected dose. Grains with lower R gave lower paleo-doses with a higher dispersion; \nc)\tOptical decay curves of samples with R > 3 and R > 100 differed and only grains, with similar and near ideal decay shapes comprising only the fast component, yielded concordant paleo-doses. \nThese led to a suggestion that segregation of paleo-doses based on their R values and optical decay shapes could possibly provide a diagnostic filter for grains that do not suffer sensitivity changes and, ages based on such grains would be more reliable. At this stage this study is presented as an idea with reasonable premise and promise, some encouraging results on the proof of the concept and we suggest for a community wide effort towards a reevaluation of reported single grain paleo-doses based on two criteria viz. the R value and optical decay shapes, so that more realistic single grain luminescence ages are obtained.\n", "license": { "name": "No Creative Commons license", "short_name": "No CC license", "text": "This option allows you to opt out of adding a Creative Commons license to your submission.", "url": "https://escholarship.org" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "luminescence" }, { "word": "Dosimetry" }, { "word": "quartz" }, { "word": "Dose distribution" }, { "word": "Luminescence sensitivity" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-12-18T05:14:10.169000Z", "date_accepted": "2025-12-18T14:34:00.296000Z", "date_published": "2025-12-18T14:33:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5R76X", "authors": [ { "pk": 126714, "first_name": "NAVEEN", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "CHAUHAN", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 126772, "first_name": "Haresh", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rajapara", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 126773, "first_name": "James", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Feathers", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 126774, "first_name": "Stephen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Garnett", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 126775, "first_name": "Robert", "middle_name": "James", "last_name": "Wasson", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 126776, "first_name": "Manoj", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jaiswal", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 108116, "first_name": "Ashok", "middle_name": "Kumar", "last_name": "Singhvi", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "MSS-Finalized.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11203/download/20372/" }, { "original_filename": "cover_letter (1).pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11203/download/20373/" }, { "original_filename": "MSS-Finalized_merged.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11203/download/20374/" }, { "original_filename": "mss-finalized_merged1.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11203/download/20380/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11205, "title": "Tidally-Driven Diapycnal Upwelling in a Rough Sloping Canyon", "abstract": "Turbulent mixing over rough topography shapes abyssal ocean dynamics, yet a gap between large- and small-scale models underscores the need to connect processes across scales. Using three-dimensional large eddy simulations (LES) with quasi-realistic sloping topography from a Brazil Basin canyon, we force an ocean model solely with a barotropic M2 tide body force, allowing internal waves, instabilities, and turbulence to emerge naturally. With horizontally-periodic boundary conditions, bottom-intensified mixing homogenizes the water column and progressively suppresses water mass transformations. By introducing a mean slope, however, a restratifying cross-slope flow develops to balance this mixing, thus enabling the establishment of a non-trivial quasi-equilibrium state. \nSubgrid scale turbulent mixing drives a water mass transformation that results in approximately 150 mSv of diapycnal upwelling within the bottom boundary layer (BBL) of a single sloping canyon. Extrapolated globally, such abyssal canyons could collectively contribute substantially to the deep branch of the overturning circulation. \nLagrangian particle tracking shows that most particles gain buoyancy and rise from their release positions, consistent with localized diapycnal upwelling near the sills. The correlation between buoyancy change and vertical displacement is strong near the sill, but weak downstream, where a hydraulically controlled overflow causes large vertical excursions with little buoyancy change. An analogous tracer release experiment shows that the tracer-weighted mean buoyancy increases at roughly twice the rate of the particle-ensemble mean, reflecting the diffusive drift that affects the tracer but not the particles. ", "license": { "name": "CC-By Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nBY-SA Compatible License means a license listed at creativecommons.org/compatiblelicenses, approved by Creative Commons as essentially the equivalent of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicense Elements means the license attributes listed in the name of a Creative Commons Public License. The License Elements of this Public License are Attribution and ShareAlike.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nAdditional offer from the Licensor – Adapted Material. Every recipient of Adapted Material from You automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Adapted Material under the conditions of the Adapter’s License You apply.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nShareAlike.\r\nIn addition to the conditions in Section 3(a), if You Share Adapted Material You produce, the following conditions also apply.\r\n\r\nThe Adapter’s License You apply must be a Creative Commons license with the same License Elements, this version or later, or a BY-SA Compatible License.\r\nYou must include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, the Adapter's License You apply. You may satisfy this condition in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, Adapted Material that restrict exercise of the rights granted under the Adapter's License You apply.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material, including for purposes of Section 3(b); and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Turbulence" }, { "word": "Diapycnal upwelling" }, { "word": "Internal tide-driven mixing" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-12-18T06:31:52.149000Z", "date_accepted": "2025-12-18T14:35:50.641000Z", "date_published": "2025-12-18T14:35:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5MJ28", "authors": [ { "pk": 47649, "first_name": "Chih-Lun", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Liu", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 126777, "first_name": "Henri", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Drake", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Liu&Drake 2025-Preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11205/download/20376/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11206, "title": "A review on ice-cores from temperate glaciers: processes, signal preservation, and paleoclimatic significance", "abstract": "Temperate glaciers, characterized by ice at the pressure melting point and the coexistence of solid and liquid water, are generally considered unsuitable as natural archives because meltwater undermines the paleoclimatic signals they hold. Historically, ice-core studies have favoured cold glaciers. However, the ongoing atmospheric warming is driving many formerly cold portions of glaciers toward temperate conditions. As such, the relevance of temperate ice as potential paleoclimate archives is increasing. Assessing its ability to record environmental signals has become a priority for ice core science. This review synthesizes more than seventy years of research on temperate ice-cores, tracing the evolution of scientific approaches from pioneering efforts in the 1950s to recent projects across the globe. The behaviour of ice-core proxies -including soluble and insoluble impurities, water stable isotopes, gases, radionuclides, and organic compounds- is discussed in the context of meltwater-related post-depositional processes. By compiling and comparing evidence from diverse settings, this work highlights both the challenges and the emerging opportunities for retrieving meaningful information from temperate glaciers. Understanding how climatic and chemical signals are modified, preserved, or lost in rapidly transforming glaciers is essential for sustaining the role of ice-core science in a warming world.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "ice-cores" }, { "word": "temperate glaciers" }, { "word": "paleoclimatology" }, { "word": "ice temperature" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-12-18T09:22:27.343000Z", "date_accepted": "2025-12-19T19:51:32.037000Z", "date_published": "2025-12-18T22:53:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5V175", "authors": [ { "pk": 126783, "first_name": "Giovanni", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Baccolo", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-1246-8968" }, { "pk": 37438, "first_name": "Anja", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Eichler", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 37440, "first_name": "Theo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jenk", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 126784, "first_name": "Francois", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Burgay", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 37442, "first_name": "Margit", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Schwikowski", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "JOG-2025-0174_Proof_hi.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11206/download/20377/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11211, "title": "Adapting Caspian Sea ports to climate-induced water level declines: The case of Aktau", "abstract": "The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland body of water. It is critical for regional trade through the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route (TITR), which links South-East Asia and China to Europe. Aktau Port in Kazakhstan is strategically important, located on key international transport routes like the TITR. Over the past 30 years, the Caspian Sea’s water levels have dropped from -26.6 m Baltic Datum (BD) in 1995 to 29.66 m BD in October 2024. This decline has damaged about 70% of Aktau Port’s fenders, which have been replaced with temporary ones and ships can only be loaded to 80% of their capacity to avoid grounding in shallow berths. Climate projections indicate a further 7 m potential decline by 2100 owing to reduced inflows and increased evaporation. This research provides the first integrated assessment of climate-driven water level decline and port adaptation in the Caspian region, combining hydrological modelling with engineering adaptation pathways to inform climate-resilient infrastructure planning. This paper outlines the adaptation options for Aktau Port for the following times scales: immediate; medium-term; and long-term. Immediate measures include dredging, coupled with new fendering systems, for the port to operate at its full capacity. Medium-term options involve quay wall modifications and introducing shallow-draft vessels. Long-term strategies require a critical decision between major infrastructure upgrades or relocating operations offshore or to a new port.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "adaptation" }, { "word": "Aktau Port" }, { "word": "Caspian Sea" }, { "word": "climate change" }, { "word": "port infrastructure" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-12-18T22:00:15.157000Z", "date_accepted": "2025-12-19T17:53:43.253000Z", "date_published": "2025-12-19T17:53:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5ZT9S", "authors": [ { "pk": 126829, "first_name": "Darren", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lumbroso", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0003-1851-6198" }, { "pk": 126830, "first_name": "Gina", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tsarouchi", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0002-6828-2396" }, { "pk": 126831, "first_name": "Andrew", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Campbell", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 126832, "first_name": "Mark", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Davison", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 126833, "first_name": "Andre", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Merrien", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 126834, "first_name": "Victor", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Aragones", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 126835, "first_name": "Peter", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kristensen", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 126836, "first_name": "Irina", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Li", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 126837, "first_name": "Giulia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sforzi", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 126838, "first_name": "Dan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Barber", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 126839, "first_name": "Matthew", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wood", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 126840, "first_name": "Zoran", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cao", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 126841, "first_name": "Jeremy", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Spearman", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "PCLM-D-25-00487.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11211/download/20388/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 12945, "title": "TiMEpy: A Python Package for Analyzing Tidal Modulation of Fast and Slow Earthquakes", "abstract": "Due to interactions between the solid Earth and tidal forces, the crust experiences continuous stress perturbations. Understanding how earthquakes respond to tidal stresses provides unique insights into the mechanisms governing earthquake nucleation. Here, we present TiMEpy, an open-source Python package designed to detect tidal modulation in both fast and slow earthquakes. TiMEpy includes fundamental tools for earthquake declustering, converting tidal strain to stress, and correlating earthquakes with tidal stress by extracting phase and level information. Based on these phase and level data, the package offers three methods to evaluate the strength of tidal modulation. TiMEpy can be applied not only to time-series analyses preceding large earthquakes, but also to regional or grid-based investigations of earthquake–tidal correlations. To validate its performance, we applied TiMEpy to the Ridgecrest earthquakes in California and tectonic tremors in Taiwan, demonstrating its stability and reliability. Overall, TiMEpy provides an effective framework for examining earthquake–tidal interactions, offering researchers and practitioners a powerful tool for advancing our understanding of earthquake physics.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Seismicity" }, { "word": "Tidal Modulation" }, { "word": "Geophysics" }, { "word": "Earthquake Physics" }, { "word": "Earthquake Catalog" }, { "word": "Seismology" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-05-07T05:57:01.308024Z", "date_accepted": "2026-05-08T22:25:18.790087Z", "date_published": "2026-05-08T22:25:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5P77P", "authors": [ { "pk": 136743, "first_name": "Weifan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lu", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Manuscript_WL_EarthArxiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12945/download/22948/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11214, "title": "Explainable machine learning for wheat above-ground biomass estimation under spatial cross-validation: sensor contributions and exploratory harvest forecasting", "abstract": "<p>Global food security faces increasing challenges under climate change, making accurate monitoring of wheat (*Triticum aestivum*) critical. This study presents an explainable machine learning (ML) framework to estimate in-season wheat above-ground biomass (AGB) and to explore harvest forecasting one to four months ahead, integrating in-situ weather and soil moisture data with Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, and PlanetScope imagery across four Mediterranean wheat field-seasons (2020 to 2023) in central Chile. We evaluated 41 models, comprising 40 recipe-algorithm combinations spanning eight sensor-combination recipes and five ML algorithms (Random Forest [RF], XGBoost, GLMnet, bagMLP, and KNN), plus a stacked ensemble, and obtained a preliminary, exploratory assessment of their spatial transferability with a leave-one-site-out cross-validation (LOSO-CV) scheme across the four site-seasons, with model transparency assessed via the DALEX framework.</p>\n<p> For in-season estimation (stage 1), the best LOSO-CV configuration (RF using only PlanetScope predictors, *rec7*) reached R²=0.78 (RMSE=7.87 t/ha, MAE=5.90 t/ha). A sensor-ablation analysis showed that Sentinel-2 reduced RMSE by 23.4% relative to a weather-only baseline, Sentinel-1 added essentially no further skill (+0.5%), and PlanetScope contributed a further 5.7% reduction. DALEX analysis of the stacked ensemble identified a Sentinel-2 SWIR-related chlorophyll index (S2~SWIR12~-MCARI), two PlanetScope band/index predictors, a cumulative Sentinel-2 red-edge index, and the Sentinel-1 VH/VV backscatter ratio as the leading, comparably important predictors, spanning optical, SAR, and accumulated-thermal-time variables. As a secondary, exploratory objective, the same LOSO-CV framework was applied to a self-consistency analysis of harvest-AGB forecasting one to four months ahead, using the stage 1 model's own spatial predictions as the target in the absence of independent harvest-date ground truth; self-consistency (RF, all predictors) was modest and decayed sharply with lead time (R² from 0.46 at one month to 0.10 at four months; RMSE from 4.5 to 6.5 t/ha), underscoring the need for both independent harvest-date measurements and larger multi-site networks to properly evaluate multi-month forecasting. This multi-sensor, cloud-resilient framework provides a promising, explainable basis for in-season AGB monitoring in Mediterranean wheat systems, although the four-site-season LOSO-CV evaluation should be read as a preliminary sensitivity analysis of spatial transferability rather than definitive proof of generalizability (see Discussion).</p>", "license": { "name": "CC-BY Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY-NC-SA 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nBY-NC-SA Compatible License means a license listed at creativecommons.org/compatiblelicenses, approved by Creative Commons as essentially the equivalent of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicense Elements means the license attributes listed in the name of a Creative Commons Public License. The License Elements of this Public License are Attribution, NonCommercial, and ShareAlike.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nAdditional offer from the Licensor – Adapted Material. Every recipient of Adapted Material from You automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Adapted Material under the conditions of the Adapter’s License You apply.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nShareAlike.\r\nIn addition to the conditions in Section 3(a), if You Share Adapted Material You produce, the following conditions also apply.\r\n\r\nThe Adapter’s License You apply must be a Creative Commons license with the same License Elements, this version or later, or a BY-NC-SA Compatible License.\r\nYou must include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, the Adapter's License You apply. You may satisfy this condition in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, Adapted Material that restrict exercise of the rights granted under the Adapter's License You apply.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material, including for purposes of Section 3(b); and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "above-ground biomass" }, { "word": "Sentinel‑1" }, { "word": "Sentinel‑2" }, { "word": "PlanetScope" }, { "word": "soil moisture" }, { "word": "machine learning" }, { "word": "Precision Agriculture" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-12-19T15:59:34.501000Z", "date_accepted": "2025-12-19T19:59:19.564000Z", "date_published": "2025-12-18T23:02:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5KJ1K", "authors": [ { "pk": 55386, "first_name": "Francisco", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zambrano", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": "0000-0001-6896-8534" }, { "pk": 88874, "first_name": "Abel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Herrera", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 126868, "first_name": "Mauricio", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Molina-Roco", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Agriculture" }, { "name": "Life Sciences" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Wheat paper-1.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11214/download/20397/" }, { "original_filename": "manuscript.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11214/download/23765/" }, { "original_filename": "manuscript.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11214/download/23761/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11226, "title": "Spatial Clustering and Reservoir Analysis: An Expert-Guided Synergy Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) Machine Learning Technique on Volve and Norne Fields", "abstract": "This study introduces an expert-guided application for clustering production wells using Machine Learning (ML), focusing on the Volve and Norne Field datasets to optimise reservoir analysis and decision-making. The Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm was employed for clustering and further enhanced by spatial visualisation through Voronoi polygons on topographic maps. The study presents a workflow, integrable before reservoir characterization, significantly reducing time for spatial property distribution analysis. The findings indicate that DTW, especially integrated with domain expertise, emerges as an efficient method, offering flexibility and quick results within this workflow. The approach was validated using the Silhouette Score as a reliable clustering metric guide. Alternative methods like K-Shape Clustering and Frequency Domain Aggregated Clustering (Wavelet and FFT) were also examined. Although offering distinct insights, DTW was preferred for its flexibility in capturing temporal shape similarity directly and its better integration into the proposed expert-guided synergistic workflow, despite known computational considerations. The study highlights the potential application of these techniques in different reservoirs of various geological settings.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Reservoir Characterization" }, { "word": "Dynamic Time Warping (DTW)" }, { "word": "Production Profile" }, { "word": "Silhouette Score" }, { "word": "Domain Knowledge Expertise" }, { "word": "clustering" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-12-22T17:50:41.228000Z", "date_accepted": "2025-12-23T16:19:53.110000Z", "date_published": "2025-12-23T16:19:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5XV0D", "authors": [ { "pk": 126090, "first_name": "Jakub", "middle_name": "Marek", "last_name": "Cebula", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 126907, "first_name": "Mohamed", "middle_name": "Hassan Abdalla", "last_name": "Idris", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 126908, "first_name": "Shamsul", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Masum", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 126909, "first_name": "Jebraeel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gholinezhad", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 126913, "first_name": "Edward", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Smart", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Engineering" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Geotechnical Engineering" }, { "name": "Other Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Sedimentology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "EarthArXiv__Clustering_Paper.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11226/download/20416/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11230, "title": "Spatio-temporal accessibility modelling with mobile and GTFS data: Insights from Helsinki", "abstract": "This paper presents a spatially explicit method for evaluating urban accessibility using anonymised mobile phone origin-destination data combined with GTFS-based public transport travel times. Focusing on the Helsinki Capital Region, we apply cumulative and potential accessibility metrics across multiple transport modes to assess spatial and temporal variation in mobility patterns. The integration of mobile phone data with high-resolution transport networks enables the identification of areas with poor public transport accessibility and high car dependency, particularly among affluent populations. By leveraging geospatial methods and time-specific data, this study provides a replicable analytical framework for urban transport planning and supports evidence-based strategies to promote sustainable, multimodal mobility in metropolitan regions.", "license": { "name": "CC-By Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce and reproduce, but not Share, Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material, You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, You do not have permission under this Public License to Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only and provided You do not Share Adapted Material;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "spatiotemporal accessibility; mobile phone data; GTFS; transport modelling; public transport; GIS" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-12-22T09:54:21.889000Z", "date_accepted": "2025-12-22T14:44:18.579000Z", "date_published": "2025-12-22T14:44:00Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1111/tgis.70163", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5B17H", "authors": [ { "pk": 126921, "first_name": "Slawomir", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Goliszek", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Social and Behavioral Sciences" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Preprint_TGIS.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11230/download/20425/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11231, "title": "HydroVerse Education: An AI-Assisted Education Framework for Immersive Learning and Training Environments", "abstract": "Hydroinformatics education has traditionally been constrained by pedagogical approaches that fail to adequately convey the complexity of water systems. Virtual Reality (VR) presents a transformative solution by enabling interactive and experiential learning. This study introduces HydroVerse Education, an immersive virtual classroom environment designed to modernize hydroinformatics education by integrating virtual reality and artificial intelligence. Utilizing advanced technologies such as Unreal Engine, Metahuman, and Generative AI, the platform generates an interactive virtual classroom with immersive communication and knowledge generation features. Central to the framework is an AI-driven virtual instructor, enabling real-time voice-based interactions that provide personalized guidance tailored to diverse learning styles. The HydroVerse Education promotes engagement and understanding through realistic simulations of complex hydroinformatics scenarios, bridging the gap between theoretical concepts and practical application. Addressing the growing need for accessible and cost-effective educational tools, the platform offers flexible and adaptive learning experiences to prepare educators, instructors and researchers for advanced challenges. This study details the system’s development, architecture, and capabilities, explores its transformative potential for education, and discusses challenges and future directions for integrating virtual reality into any domain.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "hydroinformatics" }, { "word": " Extended Reality (XR)" }, { "word": " Generative AI" }, { "word": " Metahuman" }, { "word": " Human Computer Interactions" }, { "word": " Scientific Communication" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-12-22T11:13:49.889000Z", "date_accepted": "2025-12-22T13:52:44.142000Z", "date_published": "2025-12-22T13:52:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5FV02", "authors": [ { "pk": 122289, "first_name": "Ali", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rahmani", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 3903, "first_name": "Yusuf", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sermet", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 96548, "first_name": "Ibrahim", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Demir", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Adult and Continuing Education" }, { "name": "Computer Engineering" }, { "name": "Educational Methods" }, { "name": "Engineering Education" }, { "name": "Environmental Education" }, { "name": "Environmental Engineering" }, { "name": "Environmental Sciences" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "HydroVerse Education Paper.EarthArxiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11231/download/20426/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11235, "title": "Assessing the effects of restoration and conservation on gaseous carbon fluxes and climate mitigation capacity across six European coastal wetlands", "abstract": "<p>Coastal wetlands play a substantial role in regulating Earth’s climate through exchanges of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Current European policies promote widespread coastal wetland restoration to reverse historical losses and ongoing pressures. However, substantial uncertainty remains regarding how CO₂ and CH₄ fluxes respond to restoration across different coastal wetland types and whether these responses translate into net climate mitigation in terms of CO₂ equivalents (CO₂-eq). We measured simultaneous CO₂ and CH₄ fluxes using static chambers across four seasons at multiple locations spanning preserved, altered and restored sites within each of six European coastal wetlands of different ecological types. By comparing GHG exchanges and resulting CO₂-eq balances across wetlands, we identified the dominant biogeochemical drivers of CO₂ and CH₄ dynamics and assessed the climate mitigation potential of conservation and restoration actions. CO₂ fluxes were primarily controlled by landscape-scale vegetation cover and inundation, whereas CH₄ emissions responded to more subtle changes in water quality, salinity and wetland hydrodynamics. Comparisons of CO₂-eq balances between altered and restored sites revealed that seagrass replantation and eutrophication reversal generated significant mitigation benefits, driven by enhanced CO₂ uptake and reduced CH₄ emissions, respectively. In contrast, other restoration measures modified CO₂ and CH₄ fluxes in opposing directions, resulting in non-significant net climatic effects of CO2-eq balances. Overall, our results demonstrate that climate mitigation outcomes of coastal wetland restoration are both GHG-specific and wetland-type dependent, underscoring the need for tailored restoration strategies and robust, multi-GHG monitoring to detect and accurately quantify potential climatic benefits.</p>", "license": { "name": "CC-By Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce and reproduce, but not Share, Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material, You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, You do not have permission under this Public License to Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only and provided You do not Share Adapted Material;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Coastal wetlands" }, { "word": "ecological restoration" }, { "word": "CO2 fluxes" }, { "word": "CH4 fluxes" }, { "word": "Climate change mitigation" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-12-23T19:04:29.136000Z", "date_accepted": "2025-12-23T20:38:03.544000Z", "date_published": "2025-12-23T20:38:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5PB36", "authors": [ { "pk": 123469, "first_name": "Miguel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cabrera-Brufau", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123481, "first_name": "Camille", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Minaudo", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 4136, "first_name": "Katrin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Attermeyer", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 126181, "first_name": "Alba", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Camacho-Santamans", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127037, "first_name": "Rafael", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Carballeira", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123407, "first_name": "Benjamin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Misteli", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-7733-4354" }, { "pk": 126180, "first_name": "Jorge Juan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Montes-Pérez", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123463, "first_name": "Daniel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Morant", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123483, "first_name": "Biel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Obrador", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123486, "first_name": "Antonio", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Picazo", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123489, "first_name": "Carlos", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rochera", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127038, "first_name": "Mihai", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Adamescu", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127039, "first_name": "Raquel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ambrosio", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127040, "first_name": "Giancarlo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bachi", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123467, "first_name": "Nina", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bègue", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123468, "first_name": "Martynas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bučas", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127041, "first_name": "Lídia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cañas Ramírez", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127042, "first_name": "Marco", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Carloni", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123471, "first_name": "Lamara", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cavalcante", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123472, "first_name": "Constantin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cazacu", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127043, "first_name": "Giovanni", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Checcucci", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123473, "first_name": "João", "middle_name": "Pedro", "last_name": "Coelho", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127044, "first_name": "Valentin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Dinu", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127045, "first_name": "Valtere", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Evangelista", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127046, "first_name": "Ilenia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Férez Martín", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127047, "first_name": "Jonas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gintauskas", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123477, "first_name": "Relu", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Giuca", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123476, "first_name": "Anis", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Guelmami", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127048, "first_name": "Mirco", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Guerrazzi", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127049, "first_name": "Samuel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hilaire", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123478, "first_name": "Marija", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kataržytė", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123479, "first_name": "Ana", "middle_name": "I.", "last_name": "Lillebø", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127050, "first_name": "Raquel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lizán", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123484, "first_name": "Bruna", "middle_name": "R.F.", "last_name": "Oliveira", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127051, "first_name": "Vitor H.", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Oliveira", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127052, "first_name": "Marta", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pedrón", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123485, "first_name": "Jolita", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Petkuvienė", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127053, "first_name": "Tudor", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Racoviceanu", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123488, "first_name": "Michael", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ronse", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123491, "first_name": "Chiara", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Santinelli", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10625, "first_name": "Ana", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sousa", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127054, "first_name": "Wouter", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Suykerbuyk", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127055, "first_name": "Edvinas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tiškus", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123493, "first_name": "Claudia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tropea", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123494, "first_name": "Diana", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Vaičiūtė", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127056, "first_name": "Silvia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Valsecchi", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123487, "first_name": "Marinka", "middle_name": "E.B.", "last_name": "van Puijenbroek", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127057, "first_name": "Mourine J.", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yegon", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123464, "first_name": "Antonio", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Camacho", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123492, "first_name": "Daniel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "von Schiller", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Biogeochemistry" }, { "name": "Climate" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Fresh Water Studies" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Cabrera-Brufau_Full_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11235/download/20450/" }, { "original_filename": "Cabrera-Brufau_Full_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11235/download/20751/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11239, "title": "Pyrogeography of extraordinary wildfires", "abstract": "Extraordinary wildfires – defined by anomalous fire behaviour, physical attributes, paleo-ecological context, spatiotemporal scales, or consequences – have emerged as defining features of the global wildfire crisis. Extraordinary wildfires have profound impacts on ecosystems, climate, air quality, and human societies. In this Review, we characterise key dimensions of extraordinary wildfires, contextualise their global distribution and trends, and review causes and consequences. Globally extraordinary fires (highly anomalous in ≥1 dimension) show distinct geographic patterns, being most common in boreal and temperate conifer forests, Mediterranean systems, and deserts, but less so in tropical and subtropical forests and savannas. Upward trajectories in the 21st century are most pronounced in boreal forests and temperate conifer forests. Drought and fire weather are tightly linked to extraordinary fires in cool, moist or fuel-rich extratropical biomes, but weakly associated in deserts, grasslands and savannas. Other additional drivers and amplifiers of extraordinary fires include invasive plants, interruption of Indigenous burning regimes, vegetation mismanagement, and an expanding wildland interface. The primacy of climate and fire weather – which are exacerbated by anthropogenic climate change – highlights the urgency with which we must adapt management of anthropogenic and natural environments in the face of a more fire-prone future.", "license": { "name": "CC-By Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce and reproduce, but not Share, Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material, You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, You do not have permission under this Public License to Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only and provided You do not Share Adapted Material;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "extreme fires" }, { "word": "wildfire" }, { "word": "extraordinary fires" }, { "word": "climate change" }, { "word": "pyrogeography" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-12-23T00:35:40.881000Z", "date_accepted": "2025-12-23T20:36:35.473000Z", "date_published": "2025-12-23T20:36:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5T187", "authors": [ { "pk": 89091, "first_name": "Calum", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cunningham", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0003-1640-2533" }, { "pk": 27159, "first_name": "Grant", "middle_name": "James", "last_name": "Williamson", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-3469-7550" }, { "pk": 89092, "first_name": "John", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Abatzoglou", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 89093, "first_name": "Crystal", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kolden", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127078, "first_name": "Matthew", "middle_name": "W", "last_name": "Jones", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127079, "first_name": "Michael", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Fromm", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127080, "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "A", "last_name": "Peterson", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127081, "first_name": "Fantina", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tedim", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127084, "first_name": "Mike", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Flannigan", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127082, "first_name": "Fay", "middle_name": "H", "last_name": "Johnston", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127083, "first_name": "Nicolas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Borchers-Arriagada", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 89095, "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bowman", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Pyrogeography of extraordinary fires.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11239/download/20436/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11241, "title": "DYCOVE: A Python package for coupling dynamic vegetation processes with hydro-morphodynamic models", "abstract": "Vegetation growth in coastal environments plays an important role in shaping coastal morphology (Kirwan et al., 2016; Kleinhans et al., 2018; Mariotti & Fagherazzi, 2010; Schwarz et al., 2018; Temmerman et al., 2005, 2007). Hydrodynamic and morphodynamic (numerical) models are used widely for understanding the processes that impact coastal systems, and they inform management strategies for coastal protection and ecosystem preservation. In these models, vegetation effects are incorporated via friction, with increasing roughness effects for taller and denser vegetation that alters flow velocities and sediment transport. However, roughness is commonly assumed as being constant, a key\nlimitation as vegetation is not static in space and time: processes such as colonization, growth, mortality and species interactions determine dynamic patterns of biomass that depend on environmental conditions. As a result, dynamic vegetation representations are necessary to determine their interactions with local hydrodynamics and morphodynamics in numerical models. This work presents an open-source Python modeling framework DYCOVE (DYnamic COastal VEgetation) that is dynamically coupled with the numerical models Delft3D Flexible Mesh (DFM) and ANUGA, with capabilities to be expanded to other models. DYCOVE represents life-cycle dynamics of multiple vegetation species in coastal\nenvironments through detailed ecological processes that are functions of environmental conditions, resulting in spatial and temporal updates of friction effects in the numerical model. The model reproduces realistic vegetation patterns and roughness distributions, a prerequisite to test how vegetation complexity affects hydro-morphodynamics in coastal systems. DYCOVE is designed to prioritize straightforward modeling of coastal vegetation dynamics, accessibility for all user levels, and smooth implementation of additional ecological and biological processes relevant to the study of biophysical interactions.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "python" }, { "word": "numerical modeling" }, { "word": "eco-morphodynamics" }, { "word": "Vegetation" }, { "word": "Salt marshes" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-12-23T01:19:15.433000Z", "date_accepted": "2025-12-23T14:03:19.195000Z", "date_published": "2025-12-23T14:03:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X52J29", "authors": [ { "pk": 126540, "first_name": "Nelson", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tull", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127086, "first_name": "Muriel", "middle_name": "Z. M.", "last_name": "Brückner", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "dycove_eatharxiv_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11241/download/20439/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11243, "title": "Climate mitigation benefits emerge within a decade", "abstract": "Discernible differences in global climate responses under varying greenhouse gas emission scenarios are commonly assumed to emerge only after 20 to 30 years. Here we show that mitigation benefits are detectable within a decade (9±6 years) over the global land area when high-resolution gridded climate data are analysed with a machine learning approach. By retaining spatial information, we uncover regional warming signals that remain hidden when relying on global averages and identify the regions in which these signals first emerge using an explainability framework. Even when restricting our analysis to subregions, we find a detectable signal to emerge over the land area of the four highest emitting countries in 13 (±6) years. These results demonstrate that detectable climate benefits of greenhouse gas mitigation appear much earlier than previously recognised and suggest that high emitting countries would also experience near-term benefits from bending the emissions curve.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Climate Mitigation" }, { "word": "emergence time" }, { "word": "Climate variability" }, { "word": "spatial climate signals" }, { "word": "machine learning" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-12-23T11:02:58.879000Z", "date_accepted": "2025-12-23T14:01:47.932000Z", "date_published": "2025-12-23T14:01:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X56B5M", "authors": [ { "pk": 127101, "first_name": "Assaf", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Shmuel", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 105985, "first_name": "Niklas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Schwind", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127099, "first_name": "Kai", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kornhuber", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127100, "first_name": "Ron", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Milo", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 105988, "first_name": "Carl-Friedrich", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Schleussner", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Manuscript.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11243/download/20444/" }, { "original_filename": "manuscript1.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11243/download/20446/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11249, "title": "Health Impacts of Climate Change on Children and Adolescents: A Protocol for Review of Reviews", "abstract": "Introduction\n\nClimate change is a contemporary phenomenon of a grave concern to the global public health. Climate change events like extreme heat, rising sea levels, floods, food insecurity and others, significantly affect local, regional, and global life conditions. The climate crisis affects the health of the elderly, adults, workers, children and adolescents. However, climate change events are gravely impacting the current and future health and well-being of children and adolescents. Though there are evidence from synthesises their integration is vital for policy and practice to protecting children and adolescents in the ever-changing climate. Therefore, this review aims to re-map the existing reviews of the impact of climate change on the health and well-being of children and adolescents.\n\nMethod\n\nThis review will be carried out according to Arksey and O'Malley's (2005) recommendations and report based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension of Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Scopus, JSTOR, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase and PsycInfo will be searched to identify relevant records for inclusion in this review. Additional searches will be conducted in Google Scholar and Google for other relevant articles.\n\nAnalysis\n\nExtracted data will be analysed using thematic content analysis, where data are summarised and qualitatively synthesised according to the recommendations of PRISMA-ScR and Tricco et al. (2018). The results and findings regarding the impacts of climate change on the health and safety of children and adolescents will be compiled, categorized, and presented using a qualitative narrative synthesis.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Protocol" }, { "word": "climate change" }, { "word": "health" }, { "word": "Children" }, { "word": "adolescents" }, { "word": "Review of Reviews" }, { "word": "Well-Being" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-12-23T22:00:15.728000Z", "date_accepted": "2025-12-24T00:23:22.328000Z", "date_published": "2025-12-24T00:23:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5DT9T", "authors": [ { "pk": 127130, "first_name": "RILWAN", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "YAHAYA", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0009-0003-6772-0061" }, { "pk": 127131, "first_name": "SALIFU SHARIF", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "ALHASSAN", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127132, "first_name": "ROSEMARY SITSOFE", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "AYEBI-ARTHUR", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127133, "first_name": "REGINA BOATEMAA", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "BERCHIE", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127134, "first_name": "EDWARD WILSON", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "ANSAH", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Public Health" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "PCLM-D-25-00485.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11249/download/20453/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11259, "title": "Topographies, and Geoid/Gravity Anomalies from Global Mantle Flow Models", "abstract": "", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [], "date_submitted": "2025-12-24T12:54:49.937000Z", "date_accepted": "2025-12-24T14:31:29.954000Z", "date_published": "2025-12-24T14:31:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5945G", "authors": [ { "pk": 28459, "first_name": "Masaki", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yoshida", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": "0000-0001-6069-5818" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Yoshida_2024_ARES.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11259/download/20468/" }, { "original_filename": "yoshida_2024_ares1.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11259/download/20472/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11264, "title": "Seasonal and Spatial Assessment of the Urban Heat Island Effect and Land Surface Temperature in Nagpur Using Landsat Remote Sensing", "abstract": "<p>Urban Heat Island (UHI) intensity and Land Surface Temperature (LST) variations are critical indicators of urban environmental change in rapidly growing cities. This study examines spatial and temporal UHI and LST patterns in Nagpur using Landsat 8 and 9 thermal imagery for January and May of 2023 and 2024, capturing seasonal and inter-annual variations. Supervised classification was applied to map Land Use Land Cover (LULC) classes in 2024, and LST was derived using standard radiometric conversion workflows. Comparative analysis between years revealed LST mean variations ranging from 27.4°C to 29.9°C across seasons, with UHI intensities spanning from -19.9°C to 18.3°C. Strong correlations between LULC types and surface temperatures underscore the influence of built-up areas and vegetation on urban thermal patterns. This integrated remote sensing assessment provides actionable insights for urban thermal management and supports climate-responsive urban planning in mid-sized Indian cities.</p>", "license": { "name": "CC-By Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nBY-SA Compatible License means a license listed at creativecommons.org/compatiblelicenses, approved by Creative Commons as essentially the equivalent of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicense Elements means the license attributes listed in the name of a Creative Commons Public License. The License Elements of this Public License are Attribution and ShareAlike.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nAdditional offer from the Licensor – Adapted Material. Every recipient of Adapted Material from You automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Adapted Material under the conditions of the Adapter’s License You apply.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nShareAlike.\r\nIn addition to the conditions in Section 3(a), if You Share Adapted Material You produce, the following conditions also apply.\r\n\r\nThe Adapter’s License You apply must be a Creative Commons license with the same License Elements, this version or later, or a BY-SA Compatible License.\r\nYou must include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, the Adapter's License You apply. You may satisfy this condition in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, Adapted Material that restrict exercise of the rights granted under the Adapter's License You apply.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material, including for purposes of Section 3(b); and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "remote sensing" }, { "word": "Land Surface Temperature" }, { "word": "Urban heat island intensity" }, { "word": "Earth Observation" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-12-24T16:10:42.228000Z", "date_accepted": "2025-12-24T19:20:51.228000Z", "date_published": "2025-12-24T19:20:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X51N1N", "authors": [ { "pk": 127160, "first_name": "Harsh", "middle_name": "Kailash", "last_name": "Shinde", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6653-2137" }, { "pk": 127161, "first_name": "Sanjay", "middle_name": "V", "last_name": "Balamwar", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127162, "first_name": "Sanskar", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Shete", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Remote Sensing" }, { "name": "Spatial Science" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "paper.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11264/download/20474/" }, { "original_filename": "paper.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11264/download/20475/" }, { "original_filename": "paper.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11264/download/20476/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11270, "title": "Large Earthquakes: a Way of Formation and Prediction", "abstract": "It is believed that the accumulation of small fractures (small earthquakes) in the crust is one of many ways for the formation of large fractures (large earthquakes). In such cases, the temporal variations in the accumulation number of small earthquakes can be used to predict future seismic activity in the region. To do so, a structural system of the crust is constructed using the logarithmic linear relationship between earthquake frequency and magnitude, and a relationship between earthquake accumulation and time is derived by assuming that the rate of earthquake accumulation is proportional to the q-th power of the existing number of earthquakes. Earthquake record from selected regions of China and Italy are fitted by the theory and the obtained fitting parameters are used to evaluate the future seismic activity. It is found that the extent of deviation of earthquake accumulation from the theoretical expectation can be a reasonable judgement of the local seismic dangerous level and q ≥ 1 can be considered a marker of local crust entering an accelerated fracturing phase. The proposed method made the physical evaluation of local seismic activity possible by simplifying the 3D (space-time-magnitude) problem into 2D (time-magnitude) problem in earthquake prediction.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Earthquake prediction" }, { "word": "Seismic activity" }, { "word": "Precursor" }, { "word": "Self-organized critical processes" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-12-26T03:35:24.297000Z", "date_accepted": "2025-12-26T17:46:08.684000Z", "date_published": "2025-12-26T17:46:00Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.12074/202511.00162", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5WT95", "authors": [ { "pk": 127184, "first_name": "Zhiyong", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zhu", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Tectonics and Structure" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Earthquake manuscript from zhu.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11270/download/20487/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11277, "title": "GIFIS: A Generalized Immersive Flood Information System Specification", "abstract": "This study introduces Generalized Immersive Flood Information Specification (GIFIS), a vendor-agnostic, JSON Schema–based framework for encoding, validating, and exchanging hydrologic and environmental data for reproducible and interoperable virtual and augmented reality applications. By defining standardized semantics for entities such as sensor datasets, hydrological model outputs, warnings and alerts, and infrastructure assets, along with portable document types for spatial anchoring, scene composition, and evidence packaging, GIFIS transforms interoperability into a verifiable property of the data itself. A built-in validator enforces conformance through rule codes and machine-readable diagnostics, ensuring that information published once can be deterministically interpreted across analytical, operational, and immersive environments. Through its schema-centric and engine-neutral design, GIFIS enables any client to load and interpret hydrologic information without reliance on proprietary rendering pipelines or manual data harmonization for immersive platforms and applications. By coupling semantic rigor with open governance and extensibility, GIFIS establishes a sustainable foundation for transparent, FAIR-compliant flood information systems that bridge scientific research, operational decision support, and public communication.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "data interoperability" }, { "word": "decision support" }, { "word": "digital twins" }, { "word": "Flood Information Systems" }, { "word": "Immersive Analytics" }, { "word": "virtual reality" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-12-27T00:26:35.426000Z", "date_accepted": "2025-12-27T15:19:18.055000Z", "date_published": "2025-12-27T15:19:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5HN2C", "authors": [ { "pk": 55286, "first_name": "Uditha", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mudiyanselage", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 85201, "first_name": "Ramteja", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sajja", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127204, "first_name": "Yusuf", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sermet", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 96548, "first_name": "Ibrahim", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Demir", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Environmental Monitoring" }, { "name": "Other Computer Sciences" }, { "name": "Water Resource Management" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "GIFIS_v3_RS_eartharxiv_ID.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11277/download/20493/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11278, "title": "Spatial Patterns of Glacier Meltwater and Mountain Wetland Connectivity in the Peruvian Andes", "abstract": "High-altitude wetlands are critical ecosystems that store water, regulate downstream flows, and sustain biodiversity. Their persistence is tightly linked to continuous water inputs from precipitation, groundwater, snow and glacier melt, making them highly vulnerable to climate-driven shifts in mountain hydrology. Rapid glacier retreat, altered precipitation regimes, and rising temperatures are transforming water availability across mountain regions worldwide, but their consequences for wetland stability remain poorly understood. Here, using high-resolution satellite-based mapping (2019–2025) and statistical analyses, we investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics and hydroclimatic drivers of high-altitude wetlands at two tropical Andean study sites in Peru: Cordillera Vilcanota and La Raya. We demonstrate that precipitation is the primary driver of wetland seasonality, explaining up to 25% of the observed variability. This influence weakens in areas close to glaciers, where wetlands exhibit reduced seasonal fluctuations, suggesting a local dampening effect of glacial runoff on wetland wetting–drying cycles. Our spatially explicit analysis demonstrates that this dampening effect attenuates rapidly with distance and is no longer detectable beyond approx. 12 km from glaciers, indicating that the hydrological influence of glacier melt is highly localized and that most high-mountain wetlands are effectively decoupled from glacier-melt processes. The study highlights the critical role of glacier-wetland hydrological connectivity in the context of hydrological changes in mountain regions.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "High-mountain wetlands" }, { "word": "Glacier-wetland connectivity" }, { "word": "Precipitation-dominated system" }, { "word": "Peruvian Andes" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-12-27T01:09:04.631000Z", "date_accepted": "2025-12-27T15:22:31.563000Z", "date_published": "2025-12-27T15:22:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5847X", "authors": [ { "pk": 122647, "first_name": "Dingyu", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Xuan", "salutation": "Ms", "orcid": "0009-0000-3106-3168" }, { "pk": 127205, "first_name": "Rike", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Becker", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127206, "first_name": "Miguel", "middle_name": "Christian", "last_name": "Vargas Valverde", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 118612, "first_name": "Bethan", "middle_name": "J", "last_name": "Davies", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127207, "first_name": "Jeremy", "middle_name": "C.", "last_name": "Ely", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127208, "first_name": "Owen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "King", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127209, "first_name": "Nilton", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Montoya", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127210, "first_name": "Christian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Onof", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127211, "first_name": "Anthony", "middle_name": "C.", "last_name": "Ross", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127212, "first_name": "Wouter", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Buytaert", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering" }, { "name": "Hydrology" }, { "name": "Statistical Models" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Preprint_2025_Xuan_Becker_Spatial.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11278/download/20494/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11279, "title": "IBIS: A Community-Oriented Framework for Flood-Induced Bridge Vulnerability Assessment and Prioritization for Iowa", "abstract": "Floods are among the most frequent and damaging natural hazards, posing serious risks to transportation infrastructure and public safety. Bridges, as essential links in road and rail networks, are especially vulnerable, and their closures can trigger widespread disruption, economic losses, and reduced access to vital services. Effective flood-risk mitigation and emergency response require systems that integrate diverse data sources and deliver actionable information on infrastructure vulnerability and operational risk. Although several web platforms support asset management or flood forecasting, few provide an environment dedicated to bridge-specific vulnerability, where hazard data, structural characteristics, and operational factors can be examined together. The Iowa Bridge Information Service (IBIS) addresses this gap through a web-based framework that combines structural, spatial, and hydrological datasets to support flood-focused risk assessment for communities in Iowa. IBIS enables users to analyze bridge exposure through configurable filters, scenario-based flood overlays, and interactive tools such as heatmaps and statistical summaries. It applies multiple criteria decision-making techniques, including the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), to evaluate vulnerability based on condition, traffic, detour length, and closure potential. County and watershed views allow assessment at policy-relevant and hydrologically meaningful scales. By combining data, analysis, and visualization in a single framework, IBIS provides a practical tool for maintenance planning, emergency preparedness, and resilience strategies for infrastructures generalizable to many flood-prone regions around the world.", "license": { "name": "CC-BY Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY-NC-SA 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nBY-NC-SA Compatible License means a license listed at creativecommons.org/compatiblelicenses, approved by Creative Commons as essentially the equivalent of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicense Elements means the license attributes listed in the name of a Creative Commons Public License. The License Elements of this Public License are Attribution, NonCommercial, and ShareAlike.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nAdditional offer from the Licensor – Adapted Material. Every recipient of Adapted Material from You automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Adapted Material under the conditions of the Adapter’s License You apply.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nShareAlike.\r\nIn addition to the conditions in Section 3(a), if You Share Adapted Material You produce, the following conditions also apply.\r\n\r\nThe Adapter’s License You apply must be a Creative Commons license with the same License Elements, this version or later, or a BY-NC-SA Compatible License.\r\nYou must include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, the Adapter's License You apply. You may satisfy this condition in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, Adapted Material that restrict exercise of the rights granted under the Adapter's License You apply.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material, including for purposes of Section 3(b); and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "flood risk assessment" }, { "word": "Transportation Infrastructures" }, { "word": "Web-Based Visualization" }, { "word": "Information Systems" }, { "word": "decision support" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-12-27T01:59:25.552000Z", "date_accepted": "2025-12-27T15:20:56.421000Z", "date_published": "2025-12-27T15:20:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5CT9H", "authors": [ { "pk": 36031, "first_name": "Ege", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Duran", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": "0009-0006-1784-5466" }, { "pk": 22943, "first_name": "Jerry", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mount", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 96548, "first_name": "Ibrahim", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Demir", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Environmental Engineering" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "EgeDuran_IBIS_EarthArxiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11279/download/20495/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11283, "title": "Multi-frequency Teleseismic P-wave Back-projection of the 2025 Mw 8.8 Kamchatka Peninsula Earthquake", "abstract": "A great megathrust earthquake with moment magnitude Mw 8.8 struck off the Kamchatka Peninsula on July 29, 2025, generating a Pacific-wide tsunami and rupturing a segment of the Kuril–Kamchatka subduction zone that has repeatedly hosted M9-class earthquakes. We apply multi-frequency teleseismic P-wave back-projection (BP) analysis using six frequency bands spanning 0.003–2.0 Hz to investigate the frequency-dependent rupture process of this event. The BP images reveal four distinct radiation episodes (E0–E3) within 180 s, during which the main rupture propagated southwestward along the plate interface and produced two prominent shallow near-trench sources. Low-frequency (LF; 0.02–0.5 Hz) P-wave radiation highlights these shallow near-trench episodes, possibly reflecting dynamic overshoot similar to the 2011 Tohoku earthquake. In contrast, higher-frequency (HF: 0.1–2.0 Hz) radiation illuminates a patch at the downdip edge of the near-trench episode ( E3), as well as deeper sources in the initial and intermediate stages. The apparent migration speed of the radiating areas increases from about 1.0 to 2.0–2.5 km/s, and HF bursts coincide with rapid growth in the LF radiating area, suggesting abrupt changes in rupture and slip velocities. These findings further imply that the 2025 Kamchatka earthquake likely re-rupture source regions comparable to those of the 1952 Mw 9.0 event.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Kamchatka" }, { "word": "megathrust earthquake" }, { "word": "P-wave radiation" }, { "word": "back projection" }, { "word": "source process" }, { "word": "high frequency" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-12-27T12:40:34.535000Z", "date_accepted": "2025-12-27T13:44:45.922000Z", "date_published": "2025-12-27T13:44:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5S466", "authors": [ { "pk": 89759, "first_name": "Kotaro", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tarumi", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": "0009-0002-9030-5408" }, { "pk": 89761, "first_name": "Kazunori", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yoshizawa", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": "0000-0003-2282-3748" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "KamchatkaEQ.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11283/download/20497/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11285, "title": "Liquefaction as an energetic instability of saturated granular systems – Density control and static enthalpy equilibrium", "abstract": "Liquefaction of saturated granular materials is commonly interpreted within stress-based frameworks that rely on the existence of an intact grain skeleton. At the onset of liquefaction, however, the contact network collapses and effective stress ceases to be a meaningful state variable. This work reformulates liquefaction as an enthalpy-driven instability of the coupled grain–water system and introduces a stability concept based on Static Enthalpy Equilibrium (SEE).\nWithin this framework, a saturated granular assembly occupies a local minimum of total enthalpy under the constraints of gravity, buoyancy and volume constancy. Liquefaction may be triggered by a single strong excitation and/or by multiple smaller excitation events occurring in rapid succession, provided that their cumulative energy input exceeds the porosity-dependent enthalpy barrier associated with SEE. Once this threshold is exceeded, the subsequent collapse of the grain skeleton proceeds spontaneously in a post-trigger sense, driven by internally released gravitational–buoyancy enthalpy rather than by continued external forcing.\nTwo complementary stability controls emerge naturally from the enthalpy formulation. First, a density-controlled energetic limit defines a unique stabilised porosity that depends solely on grain density and follows directly from buoyancy constraints. Second, an energetic liquefaction curve specifies the minimum external energy required to destabilise a configuration at a given porosity. The intersection of these two conditions determines both the accessibility and the termination of liquefaction.\nThe resulting framework provides a physically grounded optimization of admissible system states, derived from the first principles and valid across the entire transition from intact skeleton to fully liquefied suspension. It offers a consistent alternative to stress-based liquefaction criteria without invoking effective stress in regimes where it is not physically defined.\n", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Liquefaction" }, { "word": "saturated granular materials" }, { "word": "static enthalpy equilibrium" }, { "word": "enthalpy-driven instability" }, { "word": "pore-water pressure build-up" }, { "word": "density-controlled stability limit" }, { "word": "state space" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-12-27T17:18:45.350000Z", "date_accepted": "2025-12-27T17:38:41.729000Z", "date_published": "2025-12-27T17:38:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X54B4M", "authors": [ { "pk": 122525, "first_name": "Manfred", "middle_name": "Heinrich", "last_name": "Wittig", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering" }, { "name": "Civil Engineering" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Engineering" }, { "name": "Environmental Engineering" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Geotechnical Engineering" }, { "name": "Hydraulic Engineering" }, { "name": "Hydrology" }, { "name": "Materials Science and Engineering" }, { "name": "Mining Engineering" }, { "name": "Other Materials Science and Engineering" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Sedimentology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "2025_Wittig_liquefaction.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11285/download/20500/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11287, "title": "FloodSim Sandbox: An Immersive Interactive Simulation Framework for Urban Flood Risk Management", "abstract": "FloodSim Sandbox is an AI-augmented, immersive digital twin framework for real-time flood visualization, analysis, and decision support. Developed within Unreal Engine 5, it integrates multi-source geospatial data, physically based fluid simulation, and multimodal AI reasoning to model flood dynamics in a high-fidelity digital twin of Iowa City. The system procedurally generates terrain and infrastructure using CityEngine and OpenStreetMap data, employs the Fluid Flux plugin for hydrodynamic simulation, and incorporates a HAZUS-based damage model calibrated with FEMA flood map data. A multimodal AI subsystem interprets visual and quantitative simulation data to deliver scene-specific risk assessments, mitigation strategies, and explainable insights. Interactive visualization, including responsive human and vehicle game characters, enhances engagement and supports scenario-based exploration of flood behavior. A user study for framework evaluation with environmental professionals confirmed the system’s usability and effectiveness compared to traditional 2D flood information tools. Collectively, FloodSim Sandbox provides capabilities for enhancing flood risk communication, participatory education, and adaptive planning by uniting simulation, visualization, and AI-driven analysis within a single digital environment.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "AI-driven Decision Support" }, { "word": "data visualization" }, { "word": "digital twin" }, { "word": "Extended Reality (XR)" }, { "word": "flood management" }, { "word": "Flood Simulation" }, { "word": "Hydrodynamic Modeling" }, { "word": "Virtual Reality (VR)" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-12-28T05:00:59.095000Z", "date_accepted": "2025-12-28T14:36:21.118000Z", "date_published": "2025-12-28T14:36:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X50N2Q", "authors": [ { "pk": 55287, "first_name": "Eveline", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gonzalez", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 85201, "first_name": "Ramteja", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sajja", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127204, "first_name": "Yusuf", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sermet", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 96548, "first_name": "Ibrahim", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Demir", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Environmental Monitoring" }, { "name": "Graphics and Human Computer Interfaces" }, { "name": "Hydrology" }, { "name": "Water Resource Management" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "FloodSim_v4_EarthArxiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11287/download/20501/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11290, "title": "Hydrological and landscape controls on dissolved organic matter dynamics in European wetlands", "abstract": "Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a key component in aquatic ecosystems, representing the main source of energy for microbial metabolism and playing a crucial role in C sequestration and export. Its optical properties (absorption and fluorescence) provide integrated information on its quality (average molecular weight and aromaticity degree, main sources, presence of protein like and humic-like substances). This paper provides an assessment of the impact of catchment characteristics, seasonality and ecological conditions (altered, restored, well-preserved) on DOM dynamics across six European coastal wetlands of contrasting ecological types. DOM concentration and optical properties show inter-wetland differences, with the highest concentrations of DOC in evaporation-driven Mediterranean systems and the lowest ones in Atlantic daily tidally-flushed wetlands. Water-isotope data and optical properties indicate that hydrological confinement, water-residence time and catchment inputs primarily control DOM accumulation and composition, while microbial and photochemical processing modulate its removal within sites. Wetland restoration effects on DOM are evident where hydrological modification reduced eutrophic stress. In evaporation-driven Mediterranean systems, the recovery of more natural flooding regimes limits connectivity and promotes the accumulation of recalcitrant DOM, potentially contributing to long-term carbon sequestration. In tidally renewed systems, changes in DOM concentration and optical properties, potentially associated with restoration, are less evident, as the strong diel flux overcome possible changes. Because DOM biological lability is directly linked to carbon processing, these patterns suggest that future climate scenarios, characterized by enhanced evaporation, warming and hydrological connectivity, will amplify existing contrasts among wetland types and thereby influence carbon balances. This study provides the first continental-scale baseline of DOM dynamics in European coastal wetlands and highlights the value of optical properties as early-warning proxies to anticipate shifts in carbon cycling under ongoing climate and land-use change.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "dissolved organic matter" }, { "word": "Coastal wetlands" }, { "word": "Carbon cycle" }, { "word": "ecological restoration" }, { "word": "climate change" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-12-28T17:07:18.223000Z", "date_accepted": "2025-12-28T18:00:41.043000Z", "date_published": "2025-12-28T18:00:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5VV0S", "authors": [ { "pk": 123491, "first_name": "Chiara", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Santinelli", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123489, "first_name": "Carlos", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rochera", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123493, "first_name": "Claudia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tropea", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127237, "first_name": "Jonas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Schiller", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127038, "first_name": "Mihai", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Adamescu", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127039, "first_name": "Raquel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ambrosio", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 4136, "first_name": "Katrin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Attermeyer", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123466, "first_name": "Giancarlo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bachi", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123467, "first_name": "Nina", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bègue", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127238, "first_name": "Peer", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bork", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123468, "first_name": "Martynas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bučas", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127239, "first_name": "Adrian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Burada", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123469, "first_name": "Miguel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cabrera-Brufau", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 126181, "first_name": "Alba", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Camacho-Santamans", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127037, "first_name": "Rafael", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Carballeira", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127042, "first_name": "Marco", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Carloni", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123471, "first_name": "Lamara", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cavalcante", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123472, "first_name": "Constantin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cazacu", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127043, "first_name": "Giovanni", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Checcucci", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123473, "first_name": "João", "middle_name": "Pedro", "last_name": "Coelho", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127044, "first_name": "Valentin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Dinu", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127045, "first_name": "Valtere", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Evangelista", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127047, "first_name": "Jonas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gintauskas", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123477, "first_name": "Relu", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Giuca", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123476, "first_name": "Anis", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Guelmami", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127048, "first_name": "Mirco", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Guerrazzi", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127049, "first_name": "Samuel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hilaire", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127240, "first_name": "Leonard", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wassenaar", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123478, "first_name": "Marija", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kataržytė", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123479, "first_name": "Ana", "middle_name": "I.", "last_name": "Lillebø", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127050, "first_name": "Raquel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lizán", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123481, "first_name": "Camille", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Minaudo", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123407, "first_name": "Benjamin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Misteli", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-7733-4354" }, { "pk": 126180, "first_name": "Jorge Juan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Montes-Pérez", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123463, "first_name": "Daniel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Morant", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123483, "first_name": "Biel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Obrador", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123484, "first_name": "Bruna", "middle_name": "R.F.", "last_name": "Oliveira", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127051, "first_name": "Vitor H.", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Oliveira", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127052, "first_name": "Marta", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pedrón", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123485, "first_name": "Jolita", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Petkuvienė", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123486, "first_name": "Antonio", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Picazo", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127053, "first_name": "Tudor", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Racoviceanu", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127241, "first_name": "Sara", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ribeiro", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123488, "first_name": "Michael", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ronse", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10625, "first_name": "Ana", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sousa", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127054, "first_name": "Wouter", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Suykerbuyk", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127055, "first_name": "Edvinas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tiškus", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123494, "first_name": "Diana", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Vaičiūtė", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127056, "first_name": "Silvia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Valsecchi", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123487, "first_name": "Marinka", "middle_name": "E.B.", "last_name": "van Puijenbroek", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123492, "first_name": "Daniel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "von Schiller", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127057, "first_name": "Mourine J.", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yegon", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123464, "first_name": "Antonio", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Camacho", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Biogeochemistry" }, { "name": "Climate" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Fresh Water Studies" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "DOM_RESTORE4Cs_Text_28-12-2025.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11290/download/20504/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11302, "title": "Spectral indices outperform AlphaEarth foundation embeddings for aboveground biomass estimation in tropical Andean Forests", "abstract": "<p>Rising greenhouse gas emissions, particularly carbon dioxide (CO₂), are accelerating climate change. Forests are an important carbon store, but measuring how much carbon is stored in large tracts of diverse forests is challenging. Satellite imagery provides consistent measures of forests across space and time, which is an opportunity for accurate estimation of forest aboveground biomass (AGB), which is a foundational measure of carbon dynamics and ecosystem health. Recent advances in neural networks have shown strong potential for capturing complex spectral–spatial relationships, yet deep learning approaches remain difficult to implement for many practitioners due to data, computational, and technical barriers. Emerging alternatives, including foundation-model embeddings and relatively simple artificial neural networks, offer potentially accessible pathways to leverage neural representations without fully custom deep learning pipelines. In this study, we evaluate two such pathways: (1) Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) as a comparatively straightforward neural modeling approach, and (2) AlphaEarth foundation-model embeddings, which distill deep learning representations into plug-and-play features that can be integrated into conventional machine-learning workflows. We conduct our study in Cauca, Colombia, a region with diverse forest types and steep environmental gradients that provide a strong test of model generalization across ecological conditions. Persistent cloud cover and limited field data also make it an ideal setting to evaluate satellite-based biomass estimation where traditional approaches often fall short. We compare the performance of AlphaEarth embeddings with traditional feature-engineered predictors derived from Sentinel-2A spectral indices (e.g., NDVI, EVI, SAVI) using both Random Forest (RF) and ANN models. Results show that ANN consistently outperformed RF, achieving the highest accuracy (79.0%). However, incorporating AlphaEarth embeddings did not improve performance relative to traditional spectral indices across either modeling approach. These findings suggest that while accessible neural approaches such as ANN can enhance biomass prediction, foundation-model embeddings do not yet provide added value over spectral indices for AGB estimation in complex forest ecosystems. Spectral indices therefore remain robust, interpretable predictors, even as neural methods continue to gain prominence in Earth observation.</p>", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Forest aboveground biomass" }, { "word": " machine learning" }, { "word": " Sentinel 2A" }, { "word": " embeddings" }, { "word": " Alpha Earth Foundations." }, { "word": "machine learning" }, { "word": "Sentinel 2A" }, { "word": "Embeddings" }, { "word": "AlphaEarth Foundation" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-12-29T22:47:00.970000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-06T14:42:49.395000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-06T14:42:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X58X7V", "authors": [ { "pk": 127309, "first_name": "JUAN CAMILO", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "ROJAS LUCERO", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127310, "first_name": "Nicholas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kolarik", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127311, "first_name": "Jodi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Brandt", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127312, "first_name": "Trevor", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Caughlin", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127313, "first_name": "Tatiana", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Solano", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Education" }, { "name": "Engineering" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "TropicalAGB.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11302/download/20519/" }, { "original_filename": "TropicalAGB_Cover_Letter.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11302/download/20612/" }, { "original_filename": "TropicalAGB_Cover_Letter.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11302/download/20613/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11298, "title": "Carbon stock recovery and greenhouse gas shifts following wetland restoration: a global meta-analysis", "abstract": "Wetland restoration is widely promoted as a complementary nature-based climate solution, but its net carbon and GHG effects across wetland types and interventions remain poorly quantified at the global scale. We address this gap with a global meta-analysis spanning all major wetland types and restoration strategies. We conducted a global meta-analysis of 617 restored-altered pairs from 149 studies on five continents to assess how restoration influences major carbon stocks and greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes relative to altered wetlands. Overall, across all wetland types studied, restoration significantly increased aboveground biomass, belowground biomass and soil carbon. Restored wetlands also exhibited significantly lower CO₂ fluxes, consistent with increased primary production and reduced aerobic decomposition following hydrological and vegetation recovery, but also higher CH₄ emissions particularly in peatlands where rewetting enhances anaerobic conditions. By contrast, neither N₂O flux (though close to) nor, particularly dissolved organic carbon concentration showed statistically significant overall changes. These global patterns were robust to sensitivity and leave-one-out analyses but varied strongly among wetland types and restoration approaches. Restored mangroves and peatlands more clearly exhibited significant biomass and soil carbon gains, whereas restored freshwater wetlands and peatlands significantly displayed strong belowground biomass and and decreases in both CO2 fluxes, though the later showed significant CH₄ flux increases. Other wetland types displayed more variable responses to restoration, if any. Hydrological restoration (mainly rewetting) produced the strongest improvements in aboveground biomass, soil carbon and N₂O flux reductions, though it significantly increased CH₄ flux. Vegetation recovery was significantly effective action increasing above- and belowground biomass, soil carbon, and decreasing CO2 fluxes. Data were dominated by studies from Asia, Europe and North America, by far made in the Northern hemisphere, highlighting major geographical gaps in Southern areas. Overall, our synthesis shows that wetland restoration reliably regenerates carbon stocks and reduces CO₂ emissions, supporting its inclusion in climate mitigation portfolios and nature-based solution frameworks. Short-term CH₄ emission increases and ecosystem-specific responses highlight the need for long-term monitoring, context-dependent restoration design and improved global coverage to optimise carbon benefits and inform on climate’s friendly restoration policies and actions.", "license": { "name": "CC-By Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce and reproduce, but not Share, Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material, You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, You do not have permission under this Public License to Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only and provided You do not Share Adapted Material;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "wetland restoration" }, { "word": "carbon sequestration" }, { "word": "Greenhouse gas fluxes" }, { "word": "soil carbon" }, { "word": "Methane emissions" }, { "word": "Nature-based solutions" }, { "word": "Climate change mitigation" }, { "word": "global meta-analysis" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-12-31T09:57:24.681000Z", "date_accepted": "2025-12-31T11:55:13.817000Z", "date_published": "2025-12-31T11:55:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X53F3Z", "authors": [ { "pk": 123464, "first_name": "Antonio", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Camacho", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123463, "first_name": "Daniel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Morant", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123407, "first_name": "Benjamin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Misteli", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-7733-4354" }, { "pk": 123465, "first_name": "Maria", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Adamo", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123466, "first_name": "Giancarlo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bachi", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123468, "first_name": "Martynas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bučas", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123469, "first_name": "Miguel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cabrera-Brufau", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123470, "first_name": "Rafael", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Carballeira", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123471, "first_name": "Lamara", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cavalcante", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127043, "first_name": "Giovanni", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Checcucci", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123473, "first_name": "João", "middle_name": "Pedro", "last_name": "Coelho", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123474, "first_name": "Charlotte", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Doebke", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123475, "first_name": "Valentin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Dinu", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123476, "first_name": "Anis", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Guelmami", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123477, "first_name": "Relu", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Giuca", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123479, "first_name": "Ana", "middle_name": "I.", "last_name": "Lillebø", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123481, "first_name": "Camille", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Minaudo", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 126180, "first_name": "Jorge Juan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Montes-Pérez", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123483, "first_name": "Biel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Obrador", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123484, "first_name": "Bruna", "middle_name": "R.F.", "last_name": "Oliveira", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123485, "first_name": "Jolita", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Petkuvienė", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123486, "first_name": "Antonio", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Picazo", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123487, "first_name": "Marinka", "middle_name": "E.B.", "last_name": "van Puijenbroek", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123488, "first_name": "Michael", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ronse", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123489, "first_name": "Carlos", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rochera", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10625, "first_name": "Ana", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sousa", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123492, "first_name": "Daniel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "von Schiller", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123493, "first_name": "Claudia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tropea", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123494, "first_name": "Diana", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Vaičiūtė", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 4136, "first_name": "Katrin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Attermeyer", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Life Sciences" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Camacho et al. MetaAnalysis.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11298/download/20539/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 12619, "title": "Operational SAR Flood Mapping as a Full-Stack Systems Problem: An AI-Enabled Perspective", "abstract": "<p>Flood mapping with synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has long been framed primarily as a problem of improving inundation detection algorithms. Although that framing has produced major advances, it increasingly understates what operational flood monitoring requires in practice. Useful flood products depend on the coordinated performance of data access, preprocessing, ancillary information, model logic, computational infrastructure, validation, and long-term maintenance. This perspective argues that SAR flood mapping should therefore be understood as a full-stack operational systems problem rather than only an algorithm-selection exercise. Building on the field's transition from prototype workflows to institutional operational services, the paper further argues that the present moment is especially important because mature SAR archives, accessible global ancillary datasets, scalable computing environments, and AI-agent systems now coexist. To ground that argument, the paper presents a real SIENA rebuilding case in which an AI-agent-assisted, human-supervised development process was used to restore and redesign an operational Sentinel-1 flood workflow, and summarizes comparative evidence from four quantitative evaluation settings using operational remote-sensing water and flood products and survey-style references, including VIIRS-FIM, NOAA Emergency Response Imagery, DSWX-HLS, and DSWX-S1. The resulting SIENA workflow now supports routine public production over CONUS and Alaska, with updates issued several times per day. The manuscript therefore advances a practical perspective for linking algorithmic components, system integration, and adaptive development, while emphasizing that AI-assisted workflows must remain grounded in hydrologic reasoning, validation, and human oversight to support timely and trustworthy flood monitoring.</p>", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "AI" }, { "word": "Remote Sensing" }, { "word": "Hydrologic" }, { "word": "Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)" }, { "word": "Operational System" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-04-14T17:37:42.173575Z", "date_accepted": "2026-04-14T20:47:32.537481Z", "date_published": "2026-04-14T20:47:00Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2026.1871753", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5K483", "authors": [ { "pk": 26894, "first_name": "Qing", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yang", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Hydrology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "main.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12619/download/22466/" }, { "original_filename": "main1.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12619/download/22468/" }, { "original_filename": "Manuscript.PDF", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12619/download/24001/" }, { "original_filename": "Manuscript_EarthArXiv_postprint_ready.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12619/download/24022/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11305, "title": "Temperature effect on performance and methane emissions of highly controlled replicate septic tanks", "abstract": "Septic tanks are widely used for decentralized wastewater treatment but remain poorly characterized with respect to greenhouse-gas emissions, particularly under variable temperature regimes. Understanding how temperature influences treatment performance and methane production is essential for improving both emission inventories and environmental sustainability through tailored mitigation strategies. This study used a unique set of twelve full-scale, replicate septic tanks fed with real domestic wastewater to isolate the effect of four controlled temperature conditions (ambient, insulated, 20 °C, 30 °C). Continuous monitoring of headspace gas, dissolved methane and water quality enabled a complete carbon balance across gaseous, liquid, and sludge pathways. Higher temperatures enhanced organic degradation and established stronger anaerobic conditions, increasing methane production from ~42% under insulated conditions to ~54% at 30 °C. Critically, temperature governed methane partitioning: at 30 °C, desorption was favored and ~70% of the methane accumulated in the headspace, whereas at lower temperatures (≤20 °C), a greater fraction (often >80% of methane) remained dissolved and was discharged with the effluent. This behavior reveals that dissolved methane can represent a substantial fraction of total methane generated in septic tanks, yet it is typically not quantified separately in standard emission assessments. By jointly accounting for gaseous and dissolved pathways, our results show that total methane release from septic tanks may be higher than estimates based solely on headspace measurements. These findings highlight the importance of explicitly considering dissolved-phase dynamics when refining emission factors and developing mitigation strategies.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Decentralized sanitation" }, { "word": "septic tanks" }, { "word": "temperature effect" }, { "word": "methane partitioning" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-12-30T03:37:20.837000Z", "date_accepted": "2025-12-30T09:08:01.491000Z", "date_published": "2025-12-30T09:07:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5MB4Z", "authors": [ { "pk": 127317, "first_name": "Tania L.", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gómez-Borraz", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127318, "first_name": "Calum", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cuthill", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127319, "first_name": "Tymon", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Herzyk", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127320, "first_name": "Stephanie", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Connelly", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 110442, "first_name": "William", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sloan", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Engineering" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Manuscript ST_final preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11305/download/20524/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11307, "title": "Marjal dels Moros: a model site for the structural, functional, and socioeconomic assessment of managed Mediterranean marshes", "abstract": "Coastal wetlands deliver critical ecosystem services but remain highly degraded by anthropogenic and climatic pressures. This study presents an integrated structural, functional, and socio-economic assessment of Marjal dels Moros, a managed Mediterranean brackish marsh in eastern Spain, to evaluate restoration effectiveness and inform climate-based management. Six subsites representing well-preserved, altered, and restored conditions were analyzed for water and sediment properties, microbial community composition, and greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes, alongside a multi-criteria socio-economic evaluation of restoration scenarios. Results revealed strong environmental heterogeneity mostly driven by the hydroperiod and salinity gradients, with restored sites exhibiting intermediate sediment characteristics and reduced proxies of pathogenic bacterial genera. Microbial ordination highlighted hydrological control of methane-cycling guilds, while GHG fluxes showed a clear functional gradient: as such, permanently inundated, nutrient-rich sites emitted high CO₂ and CH₄ fluxes whereas subsites with seasonal drying and higher salinity acted as near-neutral or CH₄-suppressing zones. These patterns confirm that hydroperiod and salinity management shape microbial guilds and carbon dynamics, directly influencing climate regulation services. Socio-economic analysis indicated stakeholder preference for measures enhancing natural hydrology, habitat diversity, and risk reduction, supporting restoration strategies. Findings underscore hydrology-first strategies, integrated monitoring of functional indicators, and inclusive governance as key to achieving ecological integrity, climate mitigation, and socio-economic co-benefits. The proposed framework offers transferable guidance for policy-relevant restoration of Mediterranean coastal wetlands under multi-use pressures.", "license": { "name": "CC-By Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce and reproduce, but not Share, Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material, You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, You do not have permission under this Public License to Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only and provided You do not Share Adapted Material;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Coastal wetlands" }, { "word": "Mediterranean marsh" }, { "word": "ecological restoration" }, { "word": "Greenhouse gas fluxes" }, { "word": "microbial communities" }, { "word": "Ecosystem Services" }, { "word": "adaptive management" }, { "word": "socio‑economic assessment" }, { "word": "climate‑based strategies" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-12-30T13:17:10.889000Z", "date_accepted": "2025-12-30T15:10:46.561000Z", "date_published": "2025-12-30T15:10:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5GN1P", "authors": [ { "pk": 123463, "first_name": "Daniel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Morant", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123486, "first_name": "Antonio", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Picazo", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123489, "first_name": "Carlos", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rochera", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127324, "first_name": "Maria J.", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Picó", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127325, "first_name": "Clémentine", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Anglada", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127326, "first_name": "Xavier", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Armengol", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 4136, "first_name": "Katrin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Attermeyer", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127327, "first_name": "Auriane", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bodivit", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123469, "first_name": "Miguel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cabrera-Brufau", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 126181, "first_name": "Alba", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Camacho-Santamans", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127328, "first_name": "Rafael", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Carballeira", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127329, "first_name": "Maria J.", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Carmona", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127330, "first_name": "Elisa", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ciravegna", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123473, "first_name": "João", "middle_name": "Pedro", "last_name": "Coelho", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127331, "first_name": "Eduardo M.", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Garcia-Roger", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127333, "first_name": "Manuel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lago", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123479, "first_name": "Ana", "middle_name": "I.", "last_name": "Lillebø", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127334, "first_name": "Jade", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Massoutier", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127335, "first_name": "Francesc", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mesquita-Joanes", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123481, "first_name": "Camille", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Minaudo", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123407, "first_name": "Benjamin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Misteli", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-7733-4354" }, { "pk": 127336, "first_name": "Juan S.", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Monrós", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123484, "first_name": "Bruna", "middle_name": "R.F.", "last_name": "Oliveira", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127052, "first_name": "Marta", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pedrón", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123485, "first_name": "Jolita", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Petkuvienė", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127337, "first_name": "Nico", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Polman", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127338, "first_name": "Justine", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Raoult", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127339, "first_name": "Raquel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ortells", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127340, "first_name": "Javier", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ruiz-Sanchez", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123491, "first_name": "Chiara", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Santinelli", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127341, "first_name": "Lisa", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sella", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127345, "first_name": "Maria D.", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sendra", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123492, "first_name": "Daniel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "von Schiller", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127342, "first_name": "Juan M.", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Soria", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123493, "first_name": "Claudia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tropea", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123494, "first_name": "Diana", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Vaičiūtė", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127346, "first_name": "Vanessa", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sánchez-Ortega", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123464, "first_name": "Antonio", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Camacho", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Life Sciences" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Morant et al Restore4Cs Moros Preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11307/download/20527/" }, { "original_filename": "morant-et-al1t.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11307/download/20529/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11313, "title": "Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Fisherfolk in Ghana Toward Climate Change: A Cross-Sectional Study", "abstract": "Background\n\nClimate change poses serious risks to coastal livelihoods and marine ecosystems. Ghana’s artisanal fisheries sector is vital for food security and employment, yet fisherfolk’s climate adaptation awareness remains understudied.\n\nMethods\n\nA descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among 800 fisherfolk across three coastal regions. Structured questionnaires assessed knowledge, attitudes, and adaptation practices. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify predictors of knowledge and attitudes.\n\nResults\n\nAmong respondents, 82.7% had heard of climate change, and 62.7% demonstrated adequate knowledge. Only 42.7% exhibited positive attitudes toward climate mitigation and adaptation. Education level and years of experience were significant predictors in both models. Adaptation practices included mangrove conservation (56%), reforestation (48%), and proper waste disposal (46%). Media sources and community leaders were the primary channels of climate information.\n\nConclusion\n\nAlthough climate awareness is relatively high, limited adaptive attitudes and practices persist. Strengthened education, local engagement, and community-based interventions are essential to enhance resilience within fisheries-dependent communities.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "climate change" }, { "word": "Ghana" }, { "word": "fisherfolk" }, { "word": "Knowledge" }, { "word": "attitudes" }, { "word": "adaptation practices" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-12-30T22:00:13.063000Z", "date_accepted": "2025-12-31T00:15:23.680000Z", "date_published": "2025-12-31T00:15:00Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000813", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5BX7G", "authors": [ { "pk": 127361, "first_name": "Perfectual", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Labik", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127362, "first_name": "Theophilus", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Owusu-Ansah", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0009-0005-2706-9010" }, { "pk": 127363, "first_name": "Anthony Mawuli", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sallar", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Agriculture" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "PCLM-D-25-00447.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11313/download/20534/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11312, "title": "Extreme rainfall deficit in southern coastal Australia signals a return to drought, low dam levels and declining stream flows", "abstract": "Southern coastal Australia is situated between 30o and 38oS and is the longest east-west mid-latitude coastline (4,300km) in the Southern Hemisphere. It includes over 35% of Australia’s total population. Approximately 75% of this coastline, west of Melbourne, has a Mediterranean climate dominated by cold frontal systems that produce cool season (April to October) rainfall. Historically, this area has been devastated by droughts, particularly since the early 1990s. Over the last 24 months since early 2023, extreme drought has returned with dam levels falling as stream flows plummett. Using observational and reanalysis data of the Southern Hemisphere atmosphere, we provide an explanation for the sustained southern Australian coastal drying since the 1990s, and particularly over the most recent decade. Significant changes in the atmospheric circulation are shown to be responsible for the observed rainfall decreases. Both the subtropical and polar jets have contracted poleward, reducing the frequency and intensity of the embedded rain-producing systems affecting Australia’s southern coastline. These atmospheric circulation changes have become highly noticeable in the current 2016-2025 decade and are attributed to an amplification of Australian climate drivers, from accelerated global and local atmospheric and ocean warming. Consequently, there are more frequent and intense droughts, with major reductions in stream flows and dam levels. The current extreme drought conditions are affecting water sustainability in cities and regional communities in southern coastal Australia, decreasing agricultural production, threatening ecosystem survival, contributing to more frequent and severe heatwaves, and increasing the frequency and length of bushfire seasons. ", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "drought" }, { "word": "southern coastal Australia" }, { "word": "global and ocean warming" }, { "word": "atmospheric circulation changes" }, { "word": "low dam and river levels" }, { "word": "climate drivers" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-12-30T20:33:02.677000Z", "date_accepted": "2025-12-31T11:50:07.881000Z", "date_published": "2025-12-31T11:49:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5745V", "authors": [ { "pk": 127358, "first_name": "Milton", "middle_name": "S", "last_name": "Speer", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127360, "first_name": "Lance", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Leslie", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Speer&Leslie-Brief-Communication-preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11312/download/20532/" }, { "original_filename": "Speer&Leslie-Brief-Communication-preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11312/download/20533/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11315, "title": "Accessible Batch Catchment Delineation: A Semi-Automated Workflow for Non-Hydrologists", "abstract": "<p>Catchment delineation is a prerequisite for hydrological and water-quality analyses but remains a practical barrier for non-hydrologists, particularly when large numbers of sites must be processed. We present here a semi-automated, reproducible workflow for batch catchment delineation using openly available GIS tools. The workflow was developed during delineation of 2,870 monitoring sites assessed for the EU Water Framework Directive and evaluated in a 25-site case study in southern Spain. We compare delineations derived from multiple global Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) and assess their congruency with official catchment boundaries using Jaccard similarity. Results show that 1 arcsec DEMs, particularly FABDEM and Copernicus GLO-30, provide the most accurate and consistent delineations, while coarser products show larger variability. We identify recurring failure modes related to infrastructure, artificial drainage, reservoirs and endorheic basins, and propose low-effort quality-control steps. The workflow enables reliable large-scale catchment delineation for research, management and planning with minimal hydrological expertise.</p>", "license": { "name": "CC-By Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce and reproduce, but not Share, Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material, You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, You do not have permission under this Public License to Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only and provided You do not Share Adapted Material;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Drainage Area" }, { "word": "catchment" }, { "word": "Upslope Contributing Area" }, { "word": "Semi-Automated" }, { "word": "watershed" }, { "word": "Delineation" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-12-31T07:51:38.329000Z", "date_accepted": "2025-12-31T18:03:03.613000Z", "date_published": "2025-12-31T18:02:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5ZN0N", "authors": [ { "pk": 127371, "first_name": "Johannes", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Balkenhol", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127372, "first_name": "Christoph", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Schröder", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123463, "first_name": "Daniel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Morant", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123489, "first_name": "Carlos", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rochera", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 123464, "first_name": "Antonio", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Camacho", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Life Sciences" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Balkenhol et al 2025.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11315/download/20536/" }, { "original_filename": "balkenhol-et-al-2025.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11315/download/20540/" }, { "original_filename": "balkenhol-et-al-2025.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11315/download/20541/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11320, "title": "VRFIS: An Immersive Framework for Real-Time Flood Monitoring, Visualization, and Interactive Environmental Analysis", "abstract": "The rapid evolution of Mixed Reality (MR) technologies, particularly Virtual Reality (VR), offers powerful new means of visualizing and interacting with geographic and environmental data. This paper presents Virtual Reality Flood Information System (VRFIS), an immersive information platform developed using Unreal Engine 5 and Google Photo Realistic 3D Tiles to enable real-time exploration of high-resolution geospatial datasets across the United States. VRFIS integrates photorealistic terrain rendering, dynamic environmental simulation, and multimodal interaction within a fully immersive 3D environment, allowing users to visualize, query, and interpret complex environmental phenomena with unprecedented realism and spatial context. By coupling high-fidelity visualization with live data streams from authoritative sources such as USGS and NOAA, the system delivers an intuitive decision-support and educational tool for environmental science, hydrology, urban planning, and geography education. The results demonstrate how next-generation virtual reality environments, exemplified by VRFIS, can enhance spatial awareness, promote experiential learning, and improve data-driven decision-making in environmental and geospatial domains.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "digital twin" }, { "word": "Environmental Decision Support" }, { "word": "hydrology" }, { "word": "virtual reality" }, { "word": "Real-Time Environmental Data" }, { "word": "Unreal Engine" }, { "word": "geospatial visualization" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-12-31T21:52:35.682000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-01T00:09:28.854000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-01T00:09:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5KF4P", "authors": [ { "pk": 55286, "first_name": "Uditha", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mudiyanselage", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 22943, "first_name": "Jerry", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mount", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 85201, "first_name": "Ramteja", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sajja", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127204, "first_name": "Yusuf", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sermet", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 96548, "first_name": "Ibrahim", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Demir", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Environmental Engineering" }, { "name": "Environmental Monitoring" }, { "name": "Graphics and Human Computer Interfaces" }, { "name": "Hydrology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "VRFIS_EarthArxiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11320/download/20548/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11321, "title": "Assessing Climate-Driven Flood Risk with the Community Resilience and Adaptation Spatial Infrastructure Database (CRASID) in Urban and Rural Great Lakes Settings", "abstract": "Climate change is intensifying flooding in the Great Lakes watershed, threatening critical infrastructure and limiting access to emergency health services. Existing U.S. flood risk tools, such as FEMA’s Hazus and the National Risk Index, and newer models from the First Street Foundation, provide valuable coverage but often emphasize economic impacts while overlooking community-level vulnerabilities. To address this gap, we developed the Community Resilience and Adaptation Spatial Infrastructure Database (CRASID). The CRASID integrated tool combines flood risk, land use, emergency service accessibility, critical infrastructure, and sociodemographic indicators into a composite risk index. This study applies CRASID across six case study areas in the western Great Lakes—four overlapping areas in two urban metro areas (Cleveland, Detroit) and two non-overlapping rural areas—to assess model applicability and identify key drivers of flood-related risk. Statistical methods included three predictive models: principal components regression, backward stepwise regression, and boosted regression trees. The boosted regression trees model provided the strongest performance in predicting risk. Findings reveal that rural, floodplain-based communities with high concentrations of vulnerable populations are disproportionately at risk due to limited access to emergency services. While urban areas generally exhibit greater resilience, they also contain localized pockets of elevated vulnerability. These results underscore the importance of a community-centric approach, shifting focus away from primarily economic measures toward accessibility of critical services and locally relevant infrastructure. By highlighting where and for whom risks are most significant, CRASID offers policymakers and communities a novel framework for planning, adaptation, and resilience-building in the face of climate-driven flooding. This people-focused approach provides actionable insights to enhance preparedness and protect public health across diverse Great Lakes communities.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "climate change" }, { "word": " Community Resilience" }, { "word": " flooding" }, { "word": " emergency services access" }, { "word": " escape planning" }, { "word": " Great Lakes" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-12-31T22:00:15.291000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-01T00:03:39.885000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-01T00:03:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5TX86", "authors": [ { "pk": 127377, "first_name": "Jeffrey ", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ashby", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0003-1755-1856" }, { "pk": 127378, "first_name": "Diane S.", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Henshel", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Environmental Studies" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "PCLM-D-25-00446.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11321/download/20550/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11322, "title": "Women's subjective resilience to climate change in informal settlements: Learning from residents in Nairobi, Kenya", "abstract": "This study explores women's subjective resilience to climate change in informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya, focusing on the lived experiences of women who face heightened vulnerability. Informal settlements, characterized by overcrowding, inadequate infrastructure, and insecure tenure, are disproportionately affected by extreme weather events such as flooding and heatwaves. While existing literature highlights climate resilience at the socio-ecological systems level, there is limited attention on women's personal experiences and adaptive strategies. This research fills that gap by investigating how women perceive and respond to climate challenges, contributing valuable insights into the relationship between individual resilience and broader systems of adaptation. Using qualitative methods, the study examines the roles women play in household and community-level adaptation, emphasizing their agency and the systemic barriers they encounter, including poverty, political marginalization, and limited access to resources. The findings reveal that women’s resilience is shaped by interactions between personal assets and strategies and external resources at every level of the social-ecology. These interactions both reinforce and challenge broader socio-ecological resilience frameworks, highlighting the need for integrated, context-specific climate adaptation. The study calls for more inclusive approaches to climate adaptation that build on mutual aid and community-level initiatives in informal settlements to recover, adapt and transform in the face of climate change. Ultimately, this research offers a foundation for designing more effective, community-driven climate strategies that center women’s experiences and promote sustainable, system-level resilience.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Climate Resilience" }, { "word": " subjective resilience" }, { "word": " women" }, { "word": " Informal settlements" }, { "word": " slums" }, { "word": " Kenya" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-12-31T22:00:16.105000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-01T00:05:39.379000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-01T00:05:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5Q456", "authors": [ { "pk": 120431, "first_name": "Samantha C", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Winter", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0001-6629-7642" }, { "pk": 120437, "first_name": "Kianna", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Stamps", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127379, "first_name": "Anna", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Balakrishnan", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127380, "first_name": "Haley", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Brown", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0002-2522-0793" }, { "pk": 127381, "first_name": "Gi Un", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Shin", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127382, "first_name": "Florence Kyoheirwe", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Muhanguzi", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127383, "first_name": "Theobald Frank", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Theodory", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127384, "first_name": "Aishworya", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Shrestha", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127385, "first_name": "Agness", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mchome", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0002-5857-0298" }, { "pk": 120434, "first_name": "Hailey", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hansen", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127386, "first_name": "Lena Moraa", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Obara", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 120440, "first_name": "Susan S.", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Witte", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "International and Area Studies" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "PCLM-D-25-00504.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11322/download/20551/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11327, "title": "Comment on Rodríguez Collantes et al. A New Earth Crustal Velocity Field Estimation from ROA cGNSS Station Networks in the South of Spain and North Africa. Remote Sens. 2025, 17, 704", "abstract": "In their recent study, Rodríguez Collantes et al. presented a new GNSS velocity field from the Royal Institute and Observatory of the Spanish Navy (ROA) network, deployed in southern Spain and northern Africa. However, their claims regarding the novelty of certain results and the precision of their findings compared to recent publications are questionable. I present previous studies not cited by the authors, which challenge or contradict these claims and suggest potential bias in their study. Based on these publications, I highlight key differences, contradictions, and shortcomings in aspects such as the GNSS data used, time series analysis, methodological rigor, and geodynamic interpretation. Furthermore, I identify significant errors in both graphical and numerical results, issues affecting the replicability of the methodology, and inconsistencies between the text and its citations.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Data quality" }, { "word": "GNSS processing" }, { "word": "Iberia Morocco region" }, { "word": "plate convergence" }, { "word": "precision" }, { "word": "ROA CGNSS network" }, { "word": "time series analysis" }, { "word": "velocity field merging" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-01T19:44:41.661000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-03T14:06:55.451000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-03T14:06:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X52F41", "authors": [ { "pk": 127223, "first_name": "Juan", "middle_name": "Antonio", "last_name": "García-Armenteros", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0001-5274-3293" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Tectonics and Structure" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "preprint_comment_Rodriguez_ANewEarth2025.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11327/download/20558/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11330, "title": "Reviewing chronostratigraphic uncertainty of the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition", "abstract": "The Ediacaran-Cambrian transition archives the widespread disappearance of ‘Ediacaran-type’ soft-bodied biota and the appearance of most modern animal body plans, including a major diversification of skeletal animals and styles of animal-substrate interaction. Despite over a century of study, our ability to confidently reconstruct the series of macroevolutionary events that inform origination and extinction rates across the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition is challenged by underlying ambiguity in global stratigraphic correlation. Here, we review the chronology of events recorded by the successions that are currently the most temporally well-constrained, discuss major uncertainties, and use this perspective to reconstruct plausible global age frameworks for published biostratigraphic and chemostratigraphic data. Current models support minor temporal overlap of classically Ediacaran and Cambrian calcified animal fossils, aid assessments of eustatic sea-level and drivers of carbon isotope instability, contextualize regional datasets, and highlight the approaches required for further refinement. While there remains ~5 million years of uncertainty, holistic evaluation of existing chronostratigraphy suggests that the GSSP for the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary falls between 538 and 533 Ma.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Ediacaran" }, { "word": "Cambrian" }, { "word": "Geochronology" }, { "word": "animal evolution" }, { "word": "Cambrian GSSP" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-01T22:14:16.290000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-02T00:27:09.583000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-02T00:27:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5FN1C", "authors": [ { "pk": 12693, "first_name": "Fred", "middle_name": "Toby", "last_name": "Bowyer", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127404, "first_name": "Lyle", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Nelson", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Biogeochemistry" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geochemistry" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Stratigraphy" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "BowyerNelson_MS.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11330/download/20561/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11334, "title": "High-resolution seismic reservoir monitoring with multitask and transfer learning", "abstract": "High-resolution real-time monitoring of reservoir changes is essential during CO2 injection or hydrocarbon production. Here, we leverage convolutional neural networks (CNNs) that employ multitask (MTL) and transfer (TL) learning to accurately predict relevant reservoir parameters from time-lapse seismic data. CNNs are initially trained to estimate the P-wave velocity from 2D multicomponent seismic data and then are fine-tuned through TL to obtain the S-wave velocity, density, and saturation. This methodology is applied to a synthetic CO2 sequestration model based on California’s Kimberlina storage reservoir. When using MTL, CNNs are trained simultaneously on several related tasks by taking advantage of their commonalities. We show that after pretraining the model on a 2D line, it can be fine-tuned to predict the reservoir parameters from the data acquired in the crossline direction. Our work addresses the challenge of training-data scarcity, promotes efficient use of computational resources in reservoir monitoring, and helps increase the accuracy of real-time monitoring of the fluid movement inside the reservoir.", "license": { "name": "No Creative Commons license", "short_name": "No CC license", "text": "This option allows you to opt out of adding a Creative Commons license to your submission.", "url": "https://escholarship.org" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "CO2 monitoring" }, { "word": "time-lapse" }, { "word": "multitask-learning" }, { "word": "transfer-learning" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-02T17:54:23.753000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-02T19:20:35.709000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-02T19:20:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X59X8J", "authors": [ { "pk": 127375, "first_name": "Ahmed", "middle_name": "Mohamed", "last_name": "Ahmed", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 122605, "first_name": "Ilya", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tsvankin", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127422, "first_name": "Yanhua", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Liu", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Artificial Intelligence and Robotics" }, { "name": "Computational Engineering" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Oil, Gas, and Energy" }, { "name": "Sustainability" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "High-resolution seismic reservoir monitoring with multitask and transfer learning_Jan2026.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11334/download/20567/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11337, "title": "The 1935 Guyana event and the 1908 Tunguska event", "abstract": "This paper is a continuation of a series of works, devoted to various aspects \nof the 1908 Tunguska event. In 1935 a remarkable event took place in Guyana (at that \ntime British Guiana). A meteor was seen and a large area of devastated forest was \ndiscovered. The main source for information on this event was an article published \nin an astronomical magazine in 1939. The 1939-article provided 2 possible \nexplanations for this event. The first one is that these destructions were caused by the \nmeteor, the second one is that the destructions were caused by a tornado. The 1939-\narticle says that this event may be equal to or superior to the great Siberian meteor of \n1908 (i.e. the 1908 Tunguska event). According to the author of the present paper, \nfrom the analysis of the available data, it follows that it is extremely unlikely that the \ndevastation of the forest was caused by the infall of a spacebody. There is a hint of a \nrole of a meteorological factor in the 1935 Guyana event. The paper also briefly \nexamines a remarkable natural event that took place in Brazil in 1930, which in some \npublications is compared to the 1908 Tunguska event. There is too little data on this \nevent to draw a more or less reliable conclusion. Nevertheless, the available data casts \ndoubt on the assumption that this phenomenon was caused by infalls of spacebodies. \nSome comparison of the 1935 Guyana event with the 1908 Tunguska event has been \nmade.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "tornado" }, { "word": "meteor" }, { "word": "earthquake" }, { "word": "brontides" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-03T08:17:32.873000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-03T14:06:30.510000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-03T14:06:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5645J", "authors": [ { "pk": 105706, "first_name": "Andrei", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ol'khovatov", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0002-6043-9205" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Education" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "tunguska.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11337/download/20572/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11342, "title": "Global Environmental Benefits of Plant-Based Diets: A Multi-Regional Input Output Analysis", "abstract": "The global food system, especially animal husbandry, is a major driver of negative environmental impacts. This paper investigates the potential of adopting more plant-based diets (vegan, vegetarian, no beef) to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, land use and related biodiversity loss, and water stress within global food supply chains. This is achieved by combining Multi-regional Input Output (MRIO) data from EXIOBASE3 with nutritional data from FAOSTAT for 49 regions covering the globe and comparing the results to planetary boundaries. We find that a shift to a vegan diet has the potential to reduce GHG emissions by up to 61%, land use by 60%, and related biodiversity loss by 49%. The vegetarian and no beef scenarios have around half of those reduction potentials, while water stress is nearly constant for all scenarios. Adopting a more plant-based diet would allow to meet the food-specific 1.5°C climate target on a global scale but still exceed the planetary boundary for the biodiversity goal. Moreover, many high-income regions cannot reach an equitable level of emissions aligned with climate targets. Overall, transitioning towards more plant-based diets provides great levers to alleviate environmental stress and create a more sustainable and equitable food system, but further policy actions are imperative to meet biodiversity targets and ensure equity.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Sustainable food systems" }, { "word": "sustainable food consumption" }, { "word": "planetary boundaries" }, { "word": "equitable food system" }, { "word": "plant-based diets" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-04T02:06:45.756000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-04T13:34:14.132000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-04T13:34:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5XN23", "authors": [ { "pk": 84531, "first_name": "Fabian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hafner", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 16508, "first_name": "Stephan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pfister", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127444, "first_name": "Ashley", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Green", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127443, "first_name": "Livia", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Cabernard", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Biodiversity" }, { "name": "Environmental Studies" }, { "name": "Life Sciences" }, { "name": "Other Food Science" }, { "name": "Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health" }, { "name": "Sustainability" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "submission-merged-1.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11342/download/20580/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11344, "title": "Low-level wind variability at Jaisalmer and its representation in ERA5 Reanalysis", "abstract": "Jaisalmer has grown to be one of the important wind energy hubs in India following the development of the Jaisalmer Wind Park. In this study we assess the variability of wind speed at various scales, and the occurrence of wind ramps (defined as the change in wind speed over a certain period) at Jaisalmer using high-quality in-situ measurements. A distinct diurnal pattern in wind ramps is seen in winter as the wind speeds show a small but sudden rise in the morning hours and a drop in the late afternoons. This pattern is absent in the summer months but re-emerges briefly during August which is the peak of the local summer monsoon season. Version 5 of the global climate reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ERA5) underestimates the magnitude of wind ramps and misrepresents their diurnal timing, with the peak occurrence shifted. Land-atmosphere interactions are critical in shaping wind dynamics within the planetary boundary layer, particularly through their influence on the turbulent processes, that are pronounced in the surface layer where wind turbines are placed. According to widely adopted bulk parameterizations, the sensible heat flux (SHF) at the surface is parameterized in terms of wind speed (U) and temperature difference (DT) between the surface and the reference altitude. Numerous modifications pertaining to different scaling approaches have been proposed to this parameterization to improve the model accuracy under various conditions. In this study, we found that during night hours, the SHF downward to the land is strongly coupled with U by a linear relationship that is particularly pronounced in winter and absent during summer. Moreover, the periods of prominent nighttime correlation coincide precisely with the ramp‐free hours. After sunrise, the boundary layer undergoes a transition from forced to mixed convective regime leading to a brief period of linear coupling between the SHF and U from 12 AM to 4 PM. Unlike the nighttime regime that is a feature of winters and spans a duration of nearly 12 hours, the daytime regime is observed during summer over a shorter temporal scale. We find that the stable wind regime during night is captured in ERA5 successfully, while the daytime regimes need a significant improvement in representation.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "near-surface wind speed" }, { "word": "surface sensible heat flux" }, { "word": "wind ramps" }, { "word": "bulk parameterisation" }, { "word": "wind energy" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-04T17:21:51.818000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-04T23:51:10.006000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-04T23:51:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5P47N", "authors": [ { "pk": 127219, "first_name": "Bela", "middle_name": "Amol", "last_name": "Lodh", "salutation": "Ms", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127448, "first_name": "Vishal", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Dixit", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127449, "first_name": "G.", "middle_name": "S.", "last_name": "Bhat", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127450, "first_name": "Pramit", "middle_name": "Kumar", "last_name": "Deb Burman", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Atmospheric Sciences" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "EarthArXiv_paper_and_declaration_submitted.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11344/download/20587/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11555, "title": "Diel Dynamics of Zooplankton Fecal Pellet Flux Revealed by Integrated Optical Observations and Modeling", "abstract": "The contribution of sinking fecal pellets to the biological carbon pump depends on pellet properties, producer abundance, and the depth and timing of pellet production, which can be modulated by diel vertical migration. We examined diel variability in zooplankton fecal pellet flux in the subarctic Northeast Pacific using two image-based tools: the Underwater Vision Profiler (UVP5) and upward-facing cameras (GelCam) on a surface-tethered sediment trap array. Three fecal pellet types were classified across both platforms, enabling complementary estimates of pellet abundance, modeled carbon content, and flux. Daily composites revealed distinct diel patterns in three zooplankton types (crustacea, salps, and appendicularia) and their associated pellet flux. A simple model linking zooplankton vertical migration and pellet production, sinking, and attenuation reproduced the observed temporal variability for the migrators. A compelling diel pattern in appendicularian pellets warrants further investigation. Together, these results highlight how diel behavior and physiology impact vertical carbon transport.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Biological carbon pump" }, { "word": "fecal pellet" }, { "word": "Zooplankton" }, { "word": "diel vertical migration" }, { "word": "particle export" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-24T01:03:32.180000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-24T04:22:39.856000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-24T04:22:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5RN0S", "authors": [ { "pk": 95207, "first_name": "Yixuan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Song", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0001-9797-3471" }, { "pk": 23188, "first_name": "Melissa", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Omand", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 23184, "first_name": "Colleen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Durkin", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 23183, "first_name": "Margaret", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Estapa", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-8000-8517" }, { "pk": 26092, "first_name": "Deborah", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Steinberg", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Biogeochemistry" }, { "name": "Life Sciences" }, { "name": "Marine Biology" }, { "name": "Oceanography" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Diel Patterns in fecal pellet fluxes_eartharxiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11555/download/20892/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11346, "title": "Modeling Lithospheric Radioactivity Influence on Atmospheric Electric Properties relative to Earthquakes", "abstract": "This study presents a mathematical exploration of the atmospheric electric field components resulting from radon-induced ionization, with implications in the study of earthquake phenomena. By formalizing the general solution to the proposed equations with given boundary conditions, the research offers a comparative analysis of electric parameters across different radon concentrations and radii of influence. The near-surface atmospheric electric field and electric potential are found to vary within the ranges of (1-27)V⁄m and (0.3-162) V respectively, while near-surface conductivity varies between (1-29)×10^(-14) 〖Sm〗^(-1). The study highlights the sensitivity of boundary layer conductivity to radon exhalation and discusses the indirect relationship between radon and the upper atmosphere in the context of the Global Electric Circuit (GEC) and earthquake. The behavior of radon-induced electric fields and potentials from the surface to upper atmospheric heights is analyzed, particularly in relation to seismic activity. The role of local atmospheric conditions as amplifiers or dampeners of radon's influence is also explored. The tabulated data provide reference values for real-world observations, demonstrating the dominant influence of radon on electric parameters at lower altitudes and their attenuation at ionospheric heights. The potential geophysical interplay between radon emanations and seismic activities is suggested, highlighting the need for further investigation into this complex relationship to enhance earthquake prediction.\n\n", "license": { "name": "CC-BY Attribution-No Derivatives 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY-ND 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce and reproduce, but not Share, Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material, You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, You do not have permission under this Public License to Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database, provided You do not Share Adapted Material;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Radon" }, { "word": " earthquake" }, { "word": " atmospheric electric field" }, { "word": " Lithosphere Atmosphere" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-04T11:13:12.207000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-04T13:40:41.602000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-04T13:40:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5SX8W", "authors": [ { "pk": 126716, "first_name": "Ahmad", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Muhammad", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127157, "first_name": "Fatima", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Almaz", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127452, "first_name": "Fatih", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kulahci", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Fatima Article 2025.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11346/download/20582/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11347, "title": "Spatial Predictor Selection for Next-Day Minimum Temperature Forecasting: An Automated Machine Learning Framework Applied Across European Climate Regimes", "abstract": "Accurate prediction of daily minimum temperature (Tmin) is critical for frost protection, energy management, and public health preparedness. While numerical weather prediction models have improved substantially, their performance for Tmin forecasting remains limited by difficulties in representing fine-scale nocturnal processes. This study presents an automated framework for identifying optimal spatially-distributed predictors for next-day Tmin forecasting, applied to eight climatically diverse sites across Western Europe.\nUsing 26 meteorological variables from ERA5 reanalysis data spanning 2004–2024, we systematically explored a search space of approximately 45,000 candidate predictors within a 540 km radius around each target station. An iterative optimization algorithm guided by mean absolute error (MAE) identified 90-predictor configurations for each site. Three regression models—linear regression, LightGBM, and XGBoost—were evaluated, with XGBoost consistently achieving optimal performance.\nResults demonstrate substantial skill across all sites, with MAE ranging from 0.81°C (Nice, Mediterranean) to 1.34°C (Brest, oceanic), representing 35–54% improvement over persistence and 51–64% over climatological baselines. The analysis revealed both universal patterns—near-surface air temperature dominated predictive gain at all sites (37–66%)—and distinctive climate-specific signatures: Mediterranean stations exhibited strong persistence signals (30% contribution from previous-day Tmin), oceanic climates showed enhanced dewpoint importance (16%), and continental sites featured significant soil temperature contributions (14%).\nPredictor selections proved highly stable at the variable level (23–24 of 26 variables consistently selected across independent runs), while spatial autocorrelation caused greater variability in specific grid-point selections. Importantly, 80% of predictive gain originated from just 4 predictors and 90% from 12 predictors, suggesting that substantially reduced configurations could achieve comparable performance for operational applications.\nWhile the absolute MAE values reflect the idealized nature of reanalysis data and are not directly transferable to operational contexts, the methodology for predictor identification remains valid and applicable to numerical weather prediction outputs. This framework provides a systematic, reproducible approach to spatial predictor selection that can be adapted to other forecasting variables and domains.\n", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "minimum temperature forecasting" }, { "word": "spatial predictor selection" }, { "word": "machine learning" }, { "word": "ERA5 reanalysis" }, { "word": "gradient boosting" }, { "word": "climate-specific signatures" }, { "word": "Western Europe" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-04T15:24:25.593000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-06T16:18:49.230000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-06T16:18:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X55758", "authors": [ { "pk": 127421, "first_name": "Eric", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Duhamel", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Engineering" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "corrected_article.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11347/download/20584/" }, { "original_filename": "corrected_article.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11347/download/20585/" }, { "original_filename": "corrected_article.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11347/download/20586/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11349, "title": "More Frequent Extreme Precipitation on the Asian Monsoon Fringes Driven by Evolving Extratropical Planetary-Scale Circulations", "abstract": "In recent decades, the fringes of the Asian summer monsoon, such as Pakistan and Northeast China, have become hotspots of extreme precipitation. Although such increases are often linked to thermodynamic changes in a warming climate, the dynamical drivers behind these trends, particularly the systematic role of extratropical circulations, remain poorly understood. This study identifies the large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns responsible for intense summertime rainfall in Northeast China and Pakistan. Clustering analysis reveals that the recent increase in intense precipitation is driven by a distinct shift in the preferred Rossby wave pathways over Eurasia. Dynamical analysis with an idealized model indicates that this shift is driven by an evolving upper-tropospheric mean flow which modifies atmospheric instability and wave propagation. These results highlight the need to understand the origins of extratropical background flow changes to improve projections of regional precipitation in a changing climate.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "extreme precipitation" }, { "word": "Rossby wave" }, { "word": "atmospheric dynamics" }, { "word": "extratropical circulation" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-04T19:19:40.065000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-04T23:52:28.854000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-04T23:52:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5JF30", "authors": [ { "pk": 127454, "first_name": "Zhenyu", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "You", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127455, "first_name": "Yi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Deng", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 27086, "first_name": "Yi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ming", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127456, "first_name": "Jaeyoung", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hwang", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Atmospheric Sciences" }, { "name": "Climate" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "manuscript_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11349/download/20590/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11355, "title": "What are the drivers of riparian vegetation recruitment and establishment in an alpine embanked river?", "abstract": "1 – Rejuvenation operations are often conducted in rivers to manage vegetation encroachment and balance biodiversity benefits and flood risks. Understanding the drivers of vegetation recruitment and establishment is necessary to implement these operations but requires monitoring at spatial and temporal scales that are suited to pioneer riparian environment.\n2 – Bi-yearly drone surveys were used to retrieve the trajectory of pioneer vegetation in a six kilometres reach of the Isère River (France) following rejuvenation operations. Visible images acquired at the beginning and the end of six consecutive vegetation periods were classified using a convolutional neural network and changes in vegetation cover through time were characterized using spatial operations across dates. \n3 – Vegetation encroachment in the reach was driven by patch expansion and presented a high inter-annual variability. Provided environmental conditions were favourable, vegetation could cover 20% of bar surfaces in a two-year period following rejuvenation actions. Vegetation destruction in the reach was on the other hand mainly driven by vegetation clearing operations. \n4 – Vegetation recruitment was found to be mainly driven by the hydrological conditions during the seed dispersal and germination period in May and June. Prolonged bar submersion for flow levels starting at 125 m3.s-1 led to lower recruitment while prolonged dry periods were instead favourable to vegetation encroachment. Under favourable hydrological conditions, recruitment mainly occurred in areas that were covered by fine sediments or water at the beginning of the vegetative period. \n5 – Spring and winter floods did not result in significant vegetation destruction when plants had a least a year to establish. The surfaces of vegetation destroyed by the Isère River was always lower than the net gain in vegetation cover for each period, and the only spike in vegetation destruction occurred when most vegetation in the reach was less than one year old.\n6 – Synthesis: Summer hydrology played a key role in vegetation encroachment in the reach by providing either favourable (i.e., prolonged dry periods and no high flows late June) or unfavourable conditions for vegetation recruitment and establishment. Timing eco-morphogenic releases to sustain submersion could help prevent encroachment.\n", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Anthropized rivers" }, { "word": "Pioneer riparian vegetation" }, { "word": "Recruitment processes" }, { "word": "remote sensing" }, { "word": "Biogeomorphology" }, { "word": "ecohydrology" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-09T10:10:24.078000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-09T17:12:55.755000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-09T17:12:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5ZJ2C", "authors": [ { "pk": 48720, "first_name": "Julien", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Godfroy", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0001-8203-288X" }, { "pk": 127477, "first_name": "Laurent", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Borgniet", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127478, "first_name": "Thibault", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Boissy", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 4807, "first_name": "Herve", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Piegay", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 24763, "first_name": "Gabriel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Melun", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127479, "first_name": "Philippe", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Janssen", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Geomorphology" }, { "name": "Physical and Environmental Geography" }, { "name": "Remote Sensing" }, { "name": "Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "GodfroyEtal_Preprint_EarthArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11355/download/20599/" }, { "original_filename": "GodfroyEtal_Preprint_EarthArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11355/download/20600/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://doi.org/10.57745/USUGYX", "label": "Supporting data" } ] }, { "pk": 11360, "title": "Machine Learning Approaches for Estimating Aquifer Hydraulic Properties from Step-Drawdown Pump Tests: A Case Study in Central Valley, California", "abstract": "We present a data-driven, scalable framework for estimating aquifer hydraulic conductivity by integrating step-drawdown pumping test data with well completion records using machine learning techniques. The approach applies Random Forest regression and cluster analysis to large regional datasets obtained from the California Natural Resources Agency and the Department of Water Resources Open Data platform. Specific capacity values derived from 3–72 hour pumping tests at 7,536 wells serve as the primary predictors of aquifer hydraulic behavior.\nThe framework enables efficient processing of heterogeneous datasets and spatially continuous estimation of hydraulic conductivity at regional scales. Unlike traditional analytical pumping test methods, which are often constrained by limited data availability and computational demands, the proposed methodology provides a consistent, data-driven alternative for estimating hydraulic properties directly from pumping and well construction data.\nResults demonstrate that the machine learning framework yields robust and reproducible estimates of aquifer hydraulic conductivity at basin to subbasin scales. The approach supports the development and refinement of hydrogeologic conceptual models and provides Groundwater Sustainability Agencies with a practical tool for leveraging Sustainable Groundwater Management Act datasets to improve regional groundwater assessment and management decisions.\n", "license": { "name": "No Creative Commons license", "short_name": "No CC license", "text": "This option allows you to opt out of adding a Creative Commons license to your submission.", "url": "https://escholarship.org" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Groundwater; Hydraulic conductivity; Step-Drawdown test; Pump-test methods" }, { "word": " Machine learning; Random Forest; Cluster analysis; Specific capacity; SGMA" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-05T17:55:05.456000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-06T17:54:49.151000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-06T17:54:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5WQ94", "authors": [ { "pk": 127504, "first_name": "Behrooz", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Etebari", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127518, "first_name": "Arash", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Nadri", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Engineering" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "manuscript_Article_ML_APT_WPT.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11360/download/20609/" }, { "original_filename": "manuscript_article_ml_apt_wpt1.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11360/download/20624/" }, { "original_filename": "manuscript_Article_ML_APT_WPT.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11360/download/20633/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11364, "title": "HyTC-TaNet: A Hybrid Deep Learning Model Capturing Multi-day Temporal Dependencies for Daily Mean Air Temperature Estimation with Spatial Applicability Analysis", "abstract": "", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Air temperature estimation" }, { "word": " Temporal dependency" }, { "word": " Hybrid Transformer network" }, { "word": " Multi-day Land surface temperature" }, { "word": " optimal temporal sequenceArea of applicability (AOA)" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-06T05:48:50.885000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-06T14:29:12.862000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-06T14:29:00Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2026.3682856", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5DQ9S", "authors": [ { "pk": 127535, "first_name": "Li", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Liu", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127536, "first_name": "Cian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yuan", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127537, "first_name": "Jingfeng", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Huang", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127538, "first_name": "Yi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yu", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127539, "first_name": "Pan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Shao", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127540, "first_name": "Junbo", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Yu", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127541, "first_name": "Lu", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wang", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127542, "first_name": "Ran", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Huang", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127543, "first_name": "Dong", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ren", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127544, "first_name": "Thomas", "middle_name": "F. A.", "last_name": "Bishop", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Agriculture" }, { "name": "Artificial Intelligence and Robotics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "HyTC-TaNet A Hybrid Deep Learning Model Capturing Multi-day Temporal Dependencie.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11364/download/20615/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11362, "title": "Beyond calcite: Crude-urease EICP reveals metal-specific crystallogenetic pathways", "abstract": "Abstract\n\nEnzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) has emerged as a versatile approach for soil improvement and contaminant immobilisation, yet performance is commonly evaluated from bulk metal removal efficiency while the mineralogical fate of retained metals remains poorly understood. Here, Pb, Co and Cr are compared under identical urease-driven EICP conditions using a crude soybean-derived urease extract, with metal retention pathways resolved through SEM–EDS, powder X-ray diffraction with Rietveld refinement, FTIR spectroscopy and chemical-field imaging/μXRF mapping. Across all treatments (2–20 mM), Pb and Co amended systems maintained high alkalinity (final pH ≈ 8.1–8.2) and high removal efficiencies (>99% for Pb; 97–99% for Co) but exhibited contrasting mineralogical outcomes. Pb showed a concentration-dependent transition from calcite-dominated assemblages to progressive stabilisation of a discrete Pb-carbonate population: cerussite was absent at low Pb, emerged at intermediate loading (~3 wt%) and increased at high loading (~6 wt%), coexisting with CaCO₃ domains bearing low Pb association and intra-particle chemical zoning. In contrast, Co remained associated with calcite-dominated products across all concentrations, with no evidence for a discrete cobalt carbonate phase; Co occurs at low wt% levels distributed diffusely within CaCO₃-rich domains. Chromium displayed the strongest divergence from carbonate-dominated behaviour. Increasing Cr loading reduced ureolysis, precipitate mass (to ~0.5 g at 20 mM) and removal efficiency (to ~87%), and was accompanied by an abrupt transition to abundant elongated prismatic morphologies. SEM–EDS identifies chemically discrete Cr-rich, Ca-poor domains together with Ca–S-rich precipitates exhibiting gypsum-like habits, indicating a shift from carbonate-controlled mineralisation towards sulphate-associated retention pathways at high loading. Together, these results demonstrate that under otherwise identical crude-enzyme EICP conditions, metal identity redirects carbonate biomineralization into distinct crystallogenetic pathways, with direct implications for predicting immobilisation mechanisms and remediation design.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "biomineralization" }, { "word": "mineral chemistry" }, { "word": "carbonate crystallogenesis" }, { "word": "Enzyme Induced Carbonate Precipitation" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-05T19:18:16.342000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-07T00:37:22.488000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-07T00:37:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5RX76", "authors": [ { "pk": 107601, "first_name": "Heloisa", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Dickinson", "salutation": "Mrs", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 8732, "first_name": "John", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "MacDonald", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 30859, "first_name": "Jaime", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Toney", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Mineral.V.3_EARX.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11362/download/20611/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 8636, "title": "Aligning science, rulemaking, and practice to strengthen carbon crediting", "abstract": "<p>Results-based climate finance mobilizes private capital for climate mitigation by paying for verified outcomes [1]. Multiple independent evaluations have shown that credited reductions routinely overstate actual ones—by 3x to 14x across sectors [2–8]—but understanding of why or what to do about it is highly variable. To guide effective policy response, we develop a framework that decomposes the gap into three sources of error: implementation (what projects do and report), rulemaking (the methodologies that shape what is allowed), and the state of the science (what we know about the world). Focusing on cookstoves, where a sector-wide analysis estimated a ninefold gap [9], we show that most of the discrepancy reflects not what projects did but what approved rules permitted and what the science embedded in those rules has since overturned. Correcting biased benchmarks and outdated science, we estimate credits exceeded actual reductions roughly fivefold. Under reformed protocols, credits would be roughly 80% smaller but overstate reductions by only 1.6-fold. Every credit that does not correspond to a real reduction is an unaccounted emission warming the planet, purchased by someone who believed otherwise. For cookstoves, the stakes extend beyond carbon: household air pollution kills 3.1 million people per year [10], and carbon finance is one of the few mechanisms reaching them.</p>", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "clean cooking" }, { "word": "energy efficiency" }, { "word": "climate change" } ], "date_submitted": "2025-02-25T04:11:06.858000Z", "date_accepted": "2025-02-25T13:25:34.959000Z", "date_published": "2025-02-25T07:25:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5PH96", "authors": [ { "pk": 22476, "first_name": "Carlos", "middle_name": "F.", "last_name": "Gould", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-7736-3905" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Environmental Studies" }, { "name": "Social and Behavioral Sciences" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Gould-2025-CookstoveCarbon.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/8636/download/16134/" }, { "original_filename": "Gould-2025-CookstoveCarbon.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/8636/download/16135/" }, { "original_filename": "Gould-2025-CookstoveCarbon-Combined.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/8636/download/19550/" }, { "original_filename": "Gould-2025-CookstoveCarbon-Combined.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/8636/download/19551/" }, { "original_filename": "Gould-2025-CookstoveCarbon-Combined-Preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/8636/download/19565/" }, { "original_filename": "Gould-2025-CookstoveCarbon-Combined-Preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/8636/download/19566/" }, { "original_filename": "main_earth.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/8636/download/22406/" }, { "original_filename": "main_earth.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/8636/download/22399/" }, { "original_filename": "main_earth.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/8636/download/22654/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11366, "title": "Reconstruction of plate tectonic evolution and orogenesis of the Central Tethysides (Iran, Afghanistan) since the Permian", "abstract": "The Central Tethysides constitute the Iranian and Afghan section of the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt. Two large sutures in the north and south are widely considered to represent the closed Paleo- and Neotethys ocean, respectively, with a 'Cimmerian' continent in between that traveled from Gondwana-Land to Eurasia in the Permo-Triassic and reconnected with Arabia in the late Oligocene. However, the smaller Sabzevar-Nain-Baft and Sistan Sutures in Iran have not been kinematically reconstructed in detail before. Here, we review geological constraints on the architecture of the Central Tethysides and provide a GPlates-based reconstruction of its (plate) tectonic history. We show that the Sabzevar-Nain-Baft ocean basin opened by late Jurassic-early Cretaceous N-S back-arc extension that also formed the continental Central Basin, in tandem with opening of the South Caspian-Kopet Dagh basin to the north. The Sabzevar-Nain-Baft basin closed in late Cretaceous-Eocene time by westwards extrusion of the Central-East Iranian Microcontinent (CEIM) and its eastward extension, the Farah Rud Block. The Sistan Ocean closed simultaneously by faster westwards extrusion of the Helmand Block, originally part of the Tibetan Qiangtang terrane. Extrusion exceeded 1000 km and was likely initiated by Cretaceous shortening in the Tibetan Plateau. Early Cretaceous opening of the Sistan Ocean and simultaneous closure of the Waser Suture between Helmand and Farah Rud accommodated the final collision of the China Blocks with Eurasia. Whilst we reconcile known evidence with Tethyan plate tectonic history, key information remains hidden in the spectacular geology of Iran and Afghanistan, awaiting future detailed mapping and analysis.", "license": { "name": "CC-BY Attribution-No Derivatives 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY-ND 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce and reproduce, but not Share, Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material, You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, You do not have permission under this Public License to Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database, provided You do not Share Adapted Material;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Kinematic reconstruction" }, { "word": "plate tectonics" }, { "word": "Central Tethysides" }, { "word": "orogenic belt" }, { "word": "GPlates" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-06T11:01:11.241000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-07T16:10:51.059000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-07T16:10:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5N760", "authors": [ { "pk": 36119, "first_name": "Nalan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lom", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 3790, "first_name": "Douwe", "middle_name": "J.J.", "last_name": "van Hinsbergen", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": "0000-0003-3410-0344" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Stratigraphy" }, { "name": "Tectonics and Structure" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Lom&van Hinsbergen_2026.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11366/download/20617/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11371, "title": "Integrated Hybrid AI–GIS Framework for Temperature-Driven Drought Early Warning and Agricultural Risk Mapping in Bangladesh", "abstract": "Drought has also become a potential threat of growing severity to agricultural sustainability and food security in climate-sensitive areas of South Asia. In Bangladesh, recurring and escalating episodes of drought in northwestern drought-prone areas, especially the Rajshahi district, have been caused by continuous heat-related stress, extended dry season, and changes in surface energy balance. In this research, an artificial intelligence-geospatial model is established to predict long-term temperature changes, measure spatial heat stress, and assess the agricultural risk posed by drought in the Rajshahi district. The ten hybrid forecasting models (LSTM, GRU, CNN, Informer, ARIMA, and ANFIS) that can combine both advanced signal decomposition methods (CEEMDAN, wavelet transform, variational mode decomposition, and STL) with deep learning and statistical learners were trained on a total of more than four decades (1980-2024) of monthly temperature records of the Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD). The results of the model performance were measured through various statistical values (MAE, RMSE, MSE, and R 2) and the temperature projections were made until 2034. At the same time, land surface temperature (LST) data of Landsat multi-decadal (1984-2024) was also run on Google Earth Engine to evaluate the spatiotemporal changes in warming. Findings indicate that warming has exhibited a statistically significant, constant trend, accompanied by a significant increase in high-temperature anomalies. The highest predictive accuracy models (RMSE < 0.12°C, R2> 0.99) were Wavelet-CNN-LSTM and CEEMDAN-SARIMA-CNN, while the remaining models, STL-ARIMA-BiLSTM and VMD-GRU-LSTM, also demonstrated good results (R2> 0.99). Transformer-based and shallow hybrid designs, on the other hand, had low reliability in long-term temperature prediction. Spatial LST analysis reveals a progressive growth and intensification of thermal hotspots, particularly in western and southern agricultural regions, indicating continued surface heating and a decline in thermal buffering ability. Clusters of high similarity between the predictions and actual patterns of surface warming contribute to the high risk of drought-prone agricultural areas and the growing stresses due to heat. In general, the suggested AI-GIS framework proposes a powerful, scalable system for drought early warning, agricultural risk mapping, and climate adaptation planning, delivering actionable information to support irrigation management and sustainable agriculture in Bangladesh and other climate-prone areas.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Drought early warning" }, { "word": "Hybrid machine learning" }, { "word": "Land Surface Temperature" }, { "word": "climate change" }, { "word": "Agricultural risk" }, { "word": "Bangladesh" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-06T22:00:16.604000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-07T16:13:49.107000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-07T16:13:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5HF3P", "authors": [ { "pk": 127575, "first_name": "Hasan Ahamed", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Alif", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0009-0003-2456-0379" }, { "pk": 127576, "first_name": "Md. Jisan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mashrafi", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0009-0009-2640-586X" }, { "pk": 127577, "first_name": "Sudoy Kumer", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ghosh", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Electrical and Computer Engineering" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "PCLM-D-25-00512.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11371/download/20626/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11374, "title": "Assessing the riverine flood forecast skill of GloFAS and Google Flood Hub with impact data and discharge observations to support early actions in Mali", "abstract": "Riverine floods are among the most destructive and frequent natural hazards in Mali. To reduce their impacts, the Mali Red Cross implemented an Early Action Protocol (EAP) to enable anticipatory actions through pre-defined triggers and forecast information. Currently, the protocol relies on upstream water levels from the National Directorate of Hydraulics (DNH) to predict downstream flooding. However, this model does not consider meteorological forcing, limiting lead times to a maximum of four days. Recent advancements in global flood forecasting systems present opportunities to enhance Mali's EAP by leveraging increasingly skilful medium-range weather forecasts as inputs of both physics-based models, as in the Global Flood Awareness System (GloFAS), and AI-based models, as in Google Flood Hub (GFH). We compare GloFAS v4.0 and v3.0, GFH, and Mali’s current trigger model using discharge observations and district-level impact data derived from multiple sources and text-mined news-articles. Model performance was assessed for a range of lead times and discharge thresholds. GloFAS and GFH demonstrate sufficient skill for early action beyond 4-day lead time in frequently flooded regions and have a larger spatial coverage compared to the current trigger model, suggesting early action plans could operate with 7-day lead time and span a larger area. Overall, this study highlights the potential and challenges of flood forecasting for anticipatory action in flood-prone, data-scarce regions. In particular, we (i) assess the usability of two different ground truths (observed discharge and impact data) for forecast validation; (ii) assess the possibility of extending Mali’s current trigger model in lead time and spatial coverage; and (iii) evaluate user-oriented forecast skill across models and contexts.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "riverine floods" }, { "word": " anticipatory action" }, { "word": " trigger model" }, { "word": " impact-based forecasting" }, { "word": " forecast verification" }, { "word": " GloFAS" }, { "word": " Google Flood Hub" }, { "word": "anticipatory action" }, { "word": "trigger model" }, { "word": "impact-based forecasting" }, { "word": "Forecast verification" }, { "word": "GloFAS" }, { "word": "Google Flood Hub" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-07T12:49:18.250000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-07T16:43:59.913000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-07T16:43:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5476B", "authors": [ { "pk": 127603, "first_name": "Els", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kuipers", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127604, "first_name": "Valentijn", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Oldenburg", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127605, "first_name": "Phuoc", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Phung", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 22672, "first_name": "Edwin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sutanudjaja", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127607, "first_name": "Andrea", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ficchi", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127608, "first_name": "Peter", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Salamon", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127609, "first_name": "Marc", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "van den Homberg", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Environmental Health and Protection" }, { "name": "Water Resource Management" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "PREPRINT_Assessing_the_riverine_flood_forecast_skill_of_GloFAS_and_Google_Flood_Hub.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11374/download/20631/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11377, "title": "Anthropogenic Impacts on Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Microbial Communities in Groundwater of Taopu Industrial Park, Shanghai", "abstract": "Urban groundwater is increasingly recognized as an emerging reservoir and transport pathway for antibiotics, antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), posing potential ecological and public-health risks. However, the distribution and transport mechanisms of antibiotics and ARGs in groundwater systems under complex anthropogenic pollution remain insufficiently understood. Here, we investigated groundwater in Shanghai’s Taopu Industrial Park, a region characterized by multiple industrial contamination sources. Antibiotic concentrations were quantified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, while metagenomic sequencing and high-throughput quantitative PCR were employed to characterize ARG diversity and abundance and microbial community composition. Integrated analyses were performed to elucidate the distribution and transport patterns of antibiotics, microorganisms, and ARGs, and to identify key environmental drivers. Co-occurrence network analysis was further applied to infer potential ARB hosts.\nTwenty antibiotics were detected in groundwater at concentrations ranging from 24.1 to 1161.1 ng L-1, with sulfonamides dominating. Fluoroquinolones were more enriched in soil than groundwater, likely due to stronger sorption associated with their polar/ionic functional groups, whereas tetracyclines exhibited higher vertical mobility than sulfonamides. Antibiotic concentrations decreased exponentially with depth. Groundwater physicochemical parameters (dissolved organic carbon, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and conductivity) together with co-occurring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were the major determinants of antibiotic distribution.\nGroundwater microbial communities were bacteria-dominated and of relatively low diversity, with Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes as the major phyla. Actinobacteria occurred at higher relative abundance than in other industrial groundwater systems, likely reflecting selective pressure from the combined presence of antibiotics and PAHs, consistent with their roles in PAH degradation, antibiotic production, and ARG hosting. Redundancy analysis indicated that contaminants—particularly antibiotics and PAHs—were the primary drivers of microbial community structure, exceeding the effects of physicochemical parameters (pH, dissolved organic carbon, and dissolved oxygen). \nThe composition and relative abundance of 21 ARG types were highly similar between soil and groundwater, with multidrug, macrolide, glycopeptide, tetracycline, and peptide resistance genes predominating in both media, suggesting potential ARG exchange and migration across compartments. In groundwater, contaminants (especially antibiotics and PAHs) were the dominant determinants of ARG profiles, followed by microbial community composition, while mobile genetic elements and physicochemical conditions further facilitated ARG dissemination. Network analysis identified several shared potential ARG-hosting genera in soil and groundwater, indicating that ARB-mediated vertical transport may represent an important pathway for ARG contamination in groundwater.\nOverall, this study reveals the coupled occurrence, transport behavior, and environmental drivers of antibiotics, microbial communities, and ARGs in urban groundwater under anthropogenic influence. The findings highlight the need for integrated management strategies that reduce source pollutants and selective pressure to mitigate ARG dissemination in subsurface environments.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry" }, { "word": "metagenomics" }, { "word": "HT-qPCR" }, { "word": "Antibiotics" }, { "word": "ARGs" }, { "word": "groundwater" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-07T17:49:23.750000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-08T05:25:28.648000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-08T05:25:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5VR0R", "authors": [ { "pk": 127613, "first_name": "Xinran", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Liu", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127618, "first_name": "Yawen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Song", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127619, "first_name": "Yinping", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Miao", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127620, "first_name": "Jian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wang", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127621, "first_name": "Min", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Liu", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127622, "first_name": "Ye", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Li", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127623, "first_name": "Ye", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Huang", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Life Sciences" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Manuscript.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11377/download/20636/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11378, "title": "Reactive Transport Modeling to Support Long-Term Monitoring Strategy: Ion Exchange Induced Contaminant Remobilization at Subsurface Contaminated Sites Influenced by Abrupt Changes in Geochemical Conditions", "abstract": "", "license": { "name": "CC-By Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce and reproduce, but not Share, Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material, You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, You do not have permission under this Public License to Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only and provided You do not Share Adapted Material;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [], "date_submitted": "2026-01-07T17:41:18.994000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-07T22:09:47.986000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-07T22:09:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X50F4D", "authors": [ { "pk": 127625, "first_name": "SOLCHAN", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "HAN", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127627, "first_name": "Hansell", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gonzalez-Raymat", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127628, "first_name": "Miles", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Denham", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127629, "first_name": "Toshiyuki", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bandai", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127630, "first_name": "Zexuan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Xu", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127626, "first_name": "Sergi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Molins", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 126556, "first_name": "Haruko", "middle_name": "Murakami", "last_name": "Wainwright", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Engineering" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "[Manuscript] SCHAN_EarthArXiv_Submission.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11378/download/20635/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11381, "title": "Astronomical pacing of the Ludfordian Biogeochemical Event, the largest carbon cycle perturbation of the Phanerozoic", "abstract": "The Kosov Quarry section (Prague Basin, Czech Republic) preserves one of the most complete Silurian successions spanning the Ludfordian (late Silurian) Biogeochemical Event (LBE), encompassing the mid-Ludfordian Carbon Isotope Excursion (MLCIE), the largest positive δ13Ccarb excursion of the Phanerozoic. The LBE is associated with climatic cooling, redox reorganisation, sea-level change, and faunal turnover, yet its tempo and driving mechanisms have remained poorly constrained. Here, we establish an anchored astrochronology for the Kosov Quarry succession based on lithological induration patterns and anchored to the Ludfordian–Pridoli boundary. The resulting age model resolves astronomical cycles from half-precession (~8.5 kyr) to 405-kyr eccentricity cycle and constrains the onset of the LBE to 424.30 ± 0.60 Ma, with a total duration of 1.15 ± 0.26 Myr. The Lau–Kozłowskii Bioevent, representing a brief extinction pulse during the culmination of the Siluricus ocean anoxic event just before the MLCIE, lasted 30 ± 10 kyr. Spectral and phase analyses reveal a strong imprint of the eccentricity cycles in the induration, lag-1 sea-level, and δ13Ccarb rate-of-change (‰/kyr) records. Phase relationships indicate that the sea level was subjected to a glacio-eustatic regime. The δ13Ccarb change rate reached up to 0.09 (‰/kyr), implying rapid carbon burial during eccentricity minima, transient CO₂ drawdown, and possible glacial expansion. These results demonstrate that eccentricity pacing exerted a first-order control on Silurian carbon-cycle feedbacks and sea-level change. Our astrochronology provides the first high-resolution temporal calibration of the entire LBE and a quantitative framework for integrating astronomical forcing into Palaeozoic carbon-cycle perturbations.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Ludfordian Biogeochemical Event" }, { "word": "Astrochronology" }, { "word": "carbon cycle dynamics" }, { "word": "glacio-eustasy" }, { "word": "ocean circulation" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-08T12:44:29.755000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-09T14:58:37.594000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-09T14:58:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5M759", "authors": [ { "pk": 9255, "first_name": "Michiel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Arts", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0003-3181-4608" }, { "pk": 127642, "first_name": "Damien", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pas", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0002-2235-1974" }, { "pk": 127643, "first_name": "Jiří", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Frýda", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 121983, "first_name": "Anne-Christine", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Da Silva", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Stratigraphy" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Kosov_MIA_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11381/download/20641/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://github.com/stratigraphy/Kosov-cyclostrat", "label": "Supplementary File" } ] }, { "pk": 11382, "title": "Assessing the Net Climate Impact of Norwegian Reservoirs: Integrating Land Use Change and G-res Modeling", "abstract": "This study evaluates the net climate impact of Norwegian reservoirs using land use change mapping, literature-based GHG flux aggregation, and G-res modeling. High-resolution historical aerial imagery and deep learning reconstructed pre-impoundment land cover, explicitly identifying wetlands previously absent from national datasets. The framework quantifies changes in CO₂ and CH₄ fluxes and cumulative GWP₁₀₀ across 52 reservoirs. Wetlands made up 20% of pre-flooded land and strongly influenced carbon dynamics. Boreal wetland fluxes produced net emissions of 342 ± 40 g CO₂-eq m⁻² yr⁻¹, driven mainly by CH₄ despite notable CO₂ sequestration. GWP₁₀₀ values ranged from -260 to 217 kt CO₂-eq, showing high spatial variability linked to pre-flood soil and land cover. Hydropower GHG intensity averaged 0.19 g CO₂-eq kWh⁻¹, lower than global estimates due to low productivity and rapid water turnover. Future research should improve soil classification, expand boreal flux datasets, and develop process-based models for pre- and post-impoundment carbon dynamics.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Hydropower" }, { "word": " greenhouse gas" }, { "word": " land use change" }, { "word": " Remote Sensing" }, { "word": " Reservoirs" }, { "word": "greenhouse gas" }, { "word": "land use change" }, { "word": "remote sensing" }, { "word": "reservoirs" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-08T13:12:46.947000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-09T15:02:27.494000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-09T15:02:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5717K", "authors": [ { "pk": 127644, "first_name": "Mahmoud", "middle_name": "Saber", "last_name": "Kenawi", "salutation": "Ms", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127646, "first_name": "Fabian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Vakhidi", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127645, "first_name": "Richard", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hedger", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127647, "first_name": "Mobina", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Keymasi", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127648, "first_name": "Elene", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gotsiridze", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127649, "first_name": "Knut", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Alfredsen", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127650, "first_name": "Brett", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sandercock", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127651, "first_name": "Hanna", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Silvennoinen", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127652, "first_name": "Tor", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bakken", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Engineering" }, { "name": "Life Sciences" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Manuscript_Author_Date_Preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11382/download/20642/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11384, "title": "Specifying wind gusts based on wind speed increments and forecasting gustiness", "abstract": "Wind gust forecasting is crucial for mitigating damage to people and property. We define gusts as rapid wind speed changes exceeding application-specific thresholds, and propose forecasting gustiness, that is the number of gusts per time unit. For the forecasting, we employ a correlation between gustiness and variance of wind speed increments, quantified in an analysis of measured offshore data. By modeling speed increment variance with an autoregressive process, we construct a predictor for gustiness to surpass a threshold. The method is exemplified for rapid changes of wind-induced drag forces. After optimising the forecasting procedure, we observe specificity comparable to a baseline persistence model, with significantly improved sensitivity. Our methodology of defining gusts and forecasting gustiness offers lots of room for improvements. Further developments may lead to high-quality forecasting in real-world applications.", "license": { "name": "CC-BY Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "wind gusts" }, { "word": "offshore wind analysis" }, { "word": "Forecasting" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-08T15:52:14.620000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-09T15:00:15.586000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-09T15:00:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5BQ95", "authors": [ { "pk": 127672, "first_name": "So-Kumneth", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sim", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127663, "first_name": "Philipp", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Maass", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Sim_Maass_EarthArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11384/download/20648/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11386, "title": "Where air-conditioning is essential: Raising a yellow flag ten times - where wet bulb globe temperature under shaded outdoor shelter fails to refresh adapted healthy individuals", "abstract": "Concerning the modern paradigm shift to insulate building envelopes with the ambition to improve winter comfort without demand for heating, unintended problems can arise in summer as insulation traps heat and humidity from cooking and occupants’ respiration. So, we should consider outdoor living areas, covered from sun and rain, but openly alfresco - such as verandas. The current work extends on a counterfactual approach to designing air-conditioning that considered passive and low energy alternatives. That research found air-conditioning is desirable on days when conditions exceed 25.6°C daily maximum wet-bulb globe temperature in shade (WBGTs) – referred to as a “white-flag” day (Wsd). Furthermore, access to cool shelter becomes a necessity for a greater proportion of the population if maximum outdoor WBGTs exceeds 29.4°C – referred to as a “yellow-flag” day (Ysd). Global mapping highlights practical limits of passive and low energy alternatives to air-conditioning, but lack of weather stations overlook urban heat islands. Accepting that there may be poorly designed dwellings prone to dangerous overheating that demands active cooling while neighbouring parks and gardens may provide passively cool relief – the current work broadly identifies observed and forecasted limits of shaded outdoor living areas as an effective refuge. Analysis of weather stations’ annals (1988-2020) of threshold-days are globally mapped, classified by annual exceedance. Standard deviations of interannual variability are added to long term averages, compared with standard estimate of error added to linear regression intercept at the last year – to estimate days white- and yellow-flag conditions in shade were exceeded in hotter years (WsD† and YsD†). Finding where WsD† exceed 10 days per “hot” year but Ysd had not, thence these 4661 locations are now reanalysed with respect to accessible observations during the 50 years through 2024 and projected to 2050. The number of locations exceeding thresholds generally increased, while local exceptions are detailed in supporting material. Air-conditioned shelters are needed by more vulnerable people, while passive and low energy solutions should be delivered whenever practical so that electricity networks are not overloaded.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Wet‑Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT)" }, { "word": "heat stress" }, { "word": "Passive cooling" }, { "word": "Air‑conditioning demand" }, { "word": "climate adaptation" }, { "word": "extreme heat" }, { "word": "Heat‑health risk" }, { "word": "Shaded outdoor microclimates" }, { "word": "Meteorological reanalysis" }, { "word": "Global Surface Summary of Day (GSOD)" }, { "word": "Building Survivability" }, { "word": "Bioclimatic Design" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-08T22:00:15.169000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-09T00:02:35.823000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-09T00:02:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5QX9N", "authors": [ { "pk": 127691, "first_name": "Eric Laurentius", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Peterson", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0002-7504-7669" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Other Engineering" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "PCLM-D-25-00501.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11386/download/20654/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://BioClimatic.GitHub.io/CC/", "label": "Public data" } ] }, { "pk": 11391, "title": "Study on Land-use Change (LUC)-induced carbon emissions", "abstract": "<p>Land-use change (LUC)-induced carbon emissions (ELUC, defined as net carbon emissions and removals) have accounted for approximately one-third of global anthropogenic carbon emissions since industrialization. While its contribution has declined in recent decades, ELUC still represents a significant component of the global carbon budget, comprising 11% of anthropogenic emissions during 2012–2022. Land-based climate mitigation is essential for meeting the Paris Agreement’s climate targets and has attracted growing scientific and political attention in recent years. The complex temporal evolution of ELUC observed both globally and in China highlights land-use change as a key lever for climate mitigation. Investigating ELUC allows for a deeper understanding of climate change dynamics. In this study, we examine a classification framework for complex systems, distinguishing those that are attributable with a dominant driving factor (attributable complex systems with main cause, ACSMC) from those without. The essential dynamics of an ACSMC can be captured via its low-dimensional representations—each time series variable within such a dynamical system can reconstruct these representations. LUC, encompassing deforestation, urbanization, and agriculture across varied regions and territories, collectively forms the optimal fingerprint for the system. Demonstrating the existence of such an optimal fingerprint through simulations of ELUC over time confirms that LUC behaves as an ACSMC. Additionally, we identify three distinct phases in the temporal evolution of ELUC: an increasing phase prior to 1913, a transitional phase from 1913 to 1992, and a declining phase after 1992. Currently in the third phase, we explore the relationships between ELUC and temperature, conduct a detailed statistical analysis, and investigate how land-use change may adapt to future warming.</p>", "license": { "name": "CC-By Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce and reproduce, but not Share, Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material, You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, You do not have permission under this Public License to Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only and provided You do not Share Adapted Material;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "climate change" }, { "word": " carbon emission" }, { "word": " (LUC)-induced" }, { "word": " attributable complex system" }, { "word": " optimal fingerprint" }, { "word": " adaption of land-use change" }, { "word": "Carbon emission" }, { "word": "(LUC)-induced" }, { "word": "attributable complex system" }, { "word": "optimal fingerprint" }, { "word": "adaption of land-use change" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-09T10:04:39.909000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-09T17:08:27.072000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-09T17:08:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5375N", "authors": [ { "pk": 107474, "first_name": "Liaofu", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Luo", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 107473, "first_name": "Jun", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lv", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Atmospheric Sciences" }, { "name": "Climate" }, { "name": "Environmental Studies" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "MS-CliDy- 2026(final).pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11391/download/20662/" }, { "original_filename": "ms-clidy-2026finalColver.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11391/download/20669/" }, { "original_filename": "MS-CliDy- 2026(EArXiv).pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11391/download/20689/" }, { "original_filename": "MS-CliDy- 2026(EArXiv).pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11391/download/20701/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11393, "title": "Multiresolution-based grid adaptation for the compression of ERA5 meteorological reanalysis data in MPTRAC v2.7", "abstract": "The continuous increase in computational power comes with a corresponding demand for storage space. However, the ability to store data has hardly increased in recent years. This makes the demand for efficient storage solutions even more pressing, especially for meteorological reanalysis data. The current European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA5 reanalysis data already poses a major challenge for the community, but with the upcoming ERA6 reanalysis data, which will have an even higher resolution, significantly more storage space will be needed. An efficient way to store data is to use either lossy or lossless data compression methods to reduce storage requirements. To compress the meteorological data, we perform a multiresolution-analysis using multiwavelets on a hierarchy of nested grids. Since the local differences\nbecome negligibly small in regions where the data are locally smooth, we apply hard thresholding for data compression. This results in a high compression rate while preserving the accuracy of the original data. This strategy has been implemented into the Lagrangian model for Massive-Parallel Trajectory Calculation (MPTRAC) and has been successfully applied to ERA5 reanalysis data. Compression rates ranging from 1.6 to 12.6 can be achieved while at the same time maintaining the accuracy of the data within acceptable error limits. This leads to a reduction in storage of up to 93%, for example, reducing the file size of an ERA5 data file corresponding to a time instant from 4.9 GB to 389 MB. This renders the multiresolution-based grid\nadaptation a particularly suitable and effective approach for addressing the data storage challenges in atmospheric transport simulations.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "data compression" }, { "word": "Meteorological reanalysis" }, { "word": "air parcel trajectories" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-09T13:01:35.470000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-09T14:59:37.042000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-09T14:59:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5GF4R", "authors": [ { "pk": 127624, "first_name": "Farahnaz", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Khosrawi", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0261-7253" }, { "pk": 127709, "first_name": "Adrian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kolb", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 12071, "first_name": "Lars", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hoffmann", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0003-3773-4377" }, { "pk": 127710, "first_name": "Siegfried", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Müller", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "MPTRAC_MRA_MW.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11393/download/20666/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11394, "title": "Digging Through the Trash: An Investigation into Hidden Sources of Information in GNSS-R Observations", "abstract": "<p>Interpreting remote sensing data sometimes feels like a dark art. We aim to assign a single meaning to ambiguous signals that were actually affected by a slew of unique conditions. And NASA's Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) data are no exception. When we observe an increase in CYGNSS surface reflectivity, we most often attribute it to either an increase in soil moisture or in inundation extent. Yet distinguishing between these two surface conditions is impossible to do with reflectivity observations alone. Here, we propose a way forward to better understand the primary driver affecting data from CYGNSS and other GNSS-Reflectometry satellites. We present a new metric created using information contained within the surface reflection that is often ignored or discarded during processing, which we label 'little gamma.' We discuss whether this new metric and other such 'coherency metrics' are actually measuring coherency, which is assumed to be indicative of the surface roughness, or whether the story is, in fact, more complicated. Our findings suggest that the dielectric constant of the diffuse component can significantly change a coherency metric with no corresponding change in roughness, and this aspect should be considered when interpreting such a metric. Finally, we present evidence that combining little gamma with surface reflectivity can help us distinguish a change in the observation that is due to soil moisture versus surface inundation, lessening the ambiguity currently plaguing the interpretation of surface reflectivity.</p>", "license": { "name": "CC-By Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nBY-SA Compatible License means a license listed at creativecommons.org/compatiblelicenses, approved by Creative Commons as essentially the equivalent of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicense Elements means the license attributes listed in the name of a Creative Commons Public License. The License Elements of this Public License are Attribution and ShareAlike.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nAdditional offer from the Licensor – Adapted Material. Every recipient of Adapted Material from You automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Adapted Material under the conditions of the Adapter’s License You apply.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nShareAlike.\r\nIn addition to the conditions in Section 3(a), if You Share Adapted Material You produce, the following conditions also apply.\r\n\r\nThe Adapter’s License You apply must be a Creative Commons license with the same License Elements, this version or later, or a BY-SA Compatible License.\r\nYou must include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, the Adapter's License You apply. You may satisfy this condition in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, Adapted Material that restrict exercise of the rights granted under the Adapter's License You apply.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material, including for purposes of Section 3(b); and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "GNSS-Reflectometry" }, { "word": "soil moisture" }, { "word": "inundation" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-09T17:41:06.332000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-09T21:03:28.452000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-09T21:03:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5Q189", "authors": [ { "pk": 123056, "first_name": "Clara", "middle_name": "Christabel", "last_name": "Chew", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127714, "first_name": "Margaret", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Scott", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127715, "first_name": "Ian", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Colwell", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Hydrology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Chew_EarthArXiv_CYGNSS.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11394/download/20670/" }, { "original_filename": "Chew_EarthArXiv_CYGNSS_1.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11394/download/20673/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11395, "title": "Cervical Cancer and Climate Change", "abstract": "Background: The research question guiding this scoping review was: \"What does the literature reveal (since January 1, 2005) about the association between climate change—or its underlying environmental drivers—and cervical cancer?\" Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature search using two major electronic databases: PubMed and Web of Science, for January 1, 2005, through July 30, 2024. 522 titles resulted from the search. One manuscript did not fit the research question after full review, leaving 10 articles. Results: Seven articles addressed ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure. There were mixed results as to the exposure effect on cervical cancer rates. Two articles were more closely related to climate change – one discussed correlation between incidence and air pollution and the other discussed correlation between cervical cancer and average annual temperature. Conclusion: While direct evidence remains limited, findings suggest climate change may influence cervical cancer risk through pathways such as UV radiation, air pollution, and temperature changes. Policy Statement: Investing in resilient healthcare infrastructure and ensuring equitable access to preventive services are critical steps toward reducing the global burden of cervical cancer in the context of a changing climate.", "license": { "name": "CC-BY Attribution-No Derivatives 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY-ND 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce and reproduce, but not Share, Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material, You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, You do not have permission under this Public License to Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database, provided You do not Share Adapted Material;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "climate change" }, { "word": "cervical cancer" }, { "word": "climate" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-09T17:50:15.467000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-09T21:01:49.999000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-09T21:01:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5TQ9H", "authors": [ { "pk": 127716, "first_name": "Elisabeth", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Callen", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127717, "first_name": "Tarin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Clay", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127718, "first_name": "Allene", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Whitney", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127719, "first_name": "Natabhona", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mabachi", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Environmental Public Health" }, { "name": "Environmental Sciences" }, { "name": "Other Environmental Sciences" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Cervical Cancer and Climate Change Preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11395/download/20671/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11397, "title": "Mineral properties identified as most influential drivers of mineral-associated organic carbon formation using a community-based sorption database", "abstract": "Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) storage has the potential to substantially offset anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Globally, mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) constitutes the majority of SOC (~65%) and represents a more persistent SOC pool for sequestration. However, the factors controlling how much organic carbon sorbs to soil minerals remain poorly understood, limiting our ability to predict and optimize SOC sequestration strategies. Here, we compiled a first-of-its-kind community database with sorption experiments of organic compounds on a range of soil minerals (1,673 data points). We found a general, negative pH dependency of the partition coefficient Kd (reflecting the amount of mineral-sorbed organic carbon) across anionic compounds, while the cationic compound showed a positive pH relationship with the partition coefficient. In addition, iron oxides and extracellular polymeric substances had the highest Kd values. Our random forest model reproduces the observed Kd (R2 = 0.77, RMSE = 0.59) and points to mineral type and surface area characteristics as the dominant drivers of MAOC sorption phenomena, as opposed to the minor role of organic compound properties. Our analysis suggests that incorporating more mineral-specific parameters in soil carbon cycling models could inform and improve predictions of MAOC, and in turn, the effectiveness of SOC management strategies. ", "license": { "name": "CC-By Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce and reproduce, but not Share, Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material, You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, You do not have permission under this Public License to Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only and provided You do not Share Adapted Material;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [], "date_submitted": "2026-01-10T04:16:01.219000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-10T15:46:49.491000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-10T15:46:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X59R0S", "authors": [ { "pk": 127692, "first_name": "Maria", "middle_name": "E.", "last_name": "Macfarlane", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 126556, "first_name": "Haruko", "middle_name": "Murakami", "last_name": "Wainwright", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127732, "first_name": "Jon", "middle_name": "K", "last_name": "Golla", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 107948, "first_name": "Katerina", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Georgiou", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127730, "first_name": "Cesar", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Terrer", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 24955, "first_name": "Jennifer", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pett-Ridge", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127731, "first_name": "Mavrik", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zavarin", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Environmental Sciences" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "25_12_19_Macfarlane_et_al_EarthArxiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11397/download/20678/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11399, "title": "Earth as a Reference System for Ultraviolet Transmission Spectroscopy: A Computational Model of Oxygen Detectability", "abstract": "Detecting atmospheres around Earth-sized exoplanets is a critical step toward identifying potentially habitable worlds, yet such atmospheres produce extremely weak observational signals. This study investigates the detectability of an Earth-like atmosphere using ultraviolet transmission spectroscopy and examines which wavelength ranges provide the strongest atmospheric signatures during planetary transits.\n\nAn Earth-like atmospheric model was implemented using realistic altitude profiles of temperature, pressure, and molecular abundances based on terrestrial atmospheric data. Ultraviolet absorption cross sections of key atmospheric species (including oxygen, ozone, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur dioxide), derived from existing laboratory spectroscopic databases, were incorporated into the model to compute wavelength-dependent absorption of stellar radiation. The cumulative absorption was translated into an effective atmospheric height, representing the apparent increase in planetary radius during transit, while accounting for instrumental spectral resolution and realistic stellar ultraviolet emission. \n\nThe results show that atmospheric detectability is strongly wavelength dependent. Ultraviolet wavelengths yield significantly larger transmission signals than longer wavelengths due to efficient absorption by oxygen- and ozone-related features, which dominate the atmospheric signature. Other trace gases contribute smaller effects. The predicted transit depth variations reach several parts per million for an Earth-sized planet, with detectability strongly influenced by host star brightness through its impact on signal-to-noise ratio.\n\nThis study demonstrates how Earth serves as a reference system for interpreting exoplanet observations. These findings highlight ultraviolet transmission spectroscopy as a promising approach for future space missions, including concepts such as the Habitable Worlds Observatory, aimed at detecting Earth-like atmospheres and assessing planetary habitability beyond the Solar System.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Earth System Science" }, { "word": "Planetary atmospheres" }, { "word": "Ultraviolet transmission spectroscopy" }, { "word": "Atmospheric biosignatures" }, { "word": "Oxygen absorption" }, { "word": "Radiative transfer modeling" }, { "word": "Transit spectroscopy" }, { "word": "Detectability analysis" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-10T01:04:08.245000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-10T15:57:54.602000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-10T15:57:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5618N", "authors": [ { "pk": 123258, "first_name": "Antonika", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Shapovalova", "salutation": "Miss", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Astrophysics and Astronomy" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" }, { "name": "Planetary Sciences" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "detectability_atmosphere_AntonikaS.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11399/download/20675/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11403, "title": "Scene-based spectral characterization of spaceborne imaging spectrometers in different spectral windows", "abstract": "Accurate knowledge of the spectral response of spaceborne imaging spectrometers, including center wavelength (CW) and full width at half maximum (FWHM), is essential for reliable retrievals of atmospheric and surface parameters from at-sensor radiance data. Pre-flight characterizations often fail to capture changes in spectral response arising from launch, orbital conditions, and instrument aging, necessitating in-flight characterization. In this contribution, we \ndevelop a scene-based spectral calibration algorithm that operates on at-sensor radiance fitting, incorporating rigorous atmospheric radiative transfer modeling to account for coupling between gaseous absorption and atmospheric scattering effects. The algorithm models surface reflectance using polynomials and simultaneously retrieve CW and FWHM shifts across the instrument swath. Sensitivity analysis investigates the potential impacts of various factors on the calibration algorithm, revealing that water vapor uncertainty significantly affects calibration accuracy, with 5 mm uncertainty causing bandwidth errors up to 0.75 nm in a specific window. Surface reflectance characteristics also influence performance, with spectrally non-linear surfaces introducing systematic biases. We applied the method to four spaceborne imaging spectrometers: EnMAP, PRISMA, GF-5A AHSI, and EMIT, revealing distinct performance characteristics and temporal evolution patterns. EnMAP demonstrates stable spectral performance with systematic spectral shifts below 0.4 nm and peak-to-peak (P2P) differences under 1 nm in both VNIR and SWIR regions. GF-5A AHSI exhibits excellent across-track uniformity in VNIR (P2P difference in CW <0.1 nm) and shows segmented variations in SWIR due to its spectial design. PRISMA displays significant temporal degradation with P2P differences reaching 3.8 nm and 6.15 nm for CW and FWHM, respectively. EMIT shows characteristic m-shaped patterns with moderate across-track variability. Quantitative assessment reveals that spectral miscalibration can cause up to 37\\% systematic underestimation in methane emission quantification. The proposed algorithm provides a cost-effective complement to on-board calibration systems, enabling continuous monitoring of spectral performance and reducing potential biases in subsequent quantitative retrievals.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "imaging spectrometer" }, { "word": "spectral calibration" }, { "word": "pushbroom" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-10T07:45:55.146000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-10T14:30:39.513000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-10T14:30:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5FJ33", "authors": [ { "pk": 110036, "first_name": "Zhipeng", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pei", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0003-1474-7888" }, { "pk": 4346, "first_name": "Luis", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Guanter", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 24694, "first_name": "Javier", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Roger", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127733, "first_name": "Wei", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gong", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127734, "first_name": "Ge", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Han", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Atmospheric Sciences" }, { "name": "Earth Sciences" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "MS_supplementary.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11403/download/20680/" }, { "original_filename": "ms_supplementary1.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11403/download/20685/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11668, "title": "The Role of Narrow Cold Frontal Rainbands on Flooding in Urban Southern California", "abstract": "Narrow cold frontal rainbands (NCFRs) bring brief but intense periods of rain during wintertime extratropical cyclones in Southern California. Much is known about the meteorology behind NCFRs, but little is known about NCFRs that ties together the meteorology and hydrology of urbanized watersheds. In this study, we assessed the extent of flooding in urban Southern California caused by NCFRs. We first quantified the proportion of flood events caused by NCFRs between 1995 to 2020 by analyzing NEXRAD reflectivity data, flash flood warnings (FFWs) issued by the National Weather Service, and USGS streamflow data of NCFR events. Seeking to understand the hydrometeorological characteristics of NCFRs, we then performed a regression analysis and mapped the quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) data. Our results show that NCFRs make up nearly 40 percent of urban flood events, and that there were significant geographical differences in hydrometeorological characteristics among the four watersheds that warrant further study.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "narrow cold frontal rainbands" }, { "word": "flooding" }, { "word": "radar" }, { "word": "regression analysis" }, { "word": "quantitative precipitation estimation" }, { "word": "streamflow" }, { "word": "watershed" }, { "word": "urban" }, { "word": "Southern California" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-02-13T08:09:59.517784Z", "date_accepted": "2026-02-13T15:04:49.554474Z", "date_published": "2026-02-13T15:04:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5C487", "authors": [ { "pk": 129111, "first_name": "Justin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Tang", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 130366, "first_name": "Hilary", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "McMillan", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "NCFR manuscript EarthArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11668/download/21234/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11406, "title": "Increasing temperatures controlled rockfall activity in the Rwenzori Mountains (Uganda) over the past 11,000 years", "abstract": "Rockfalls and other gravitational mass movements are expected to become more frequent under ongoing global warming in temperate and cold mountainous regions. In contrast, although high numbers of rockfalls are observed in humid tropical mountains, the processes controlling their occurrence remain poorly understood. These warmer regions offer valuable natural laboratories for anticipating the impacts of future warming on slope stability in currently colder environments. We used 10Be surface exposure dating to establish a chronology for seven individual rockfall deposits in the Rwenzori Mountains (Uganda) and assess climatic controls on slope destabilisation. The combination of steep valley flanks and pervasive fracturing in the basement rocks makes the Rwenzori Mountains prone to rockfalls. The 10Be ages range from 13.6 ± 0.9 ka to 1.0 ± 0.1 ka and cluster into three distinct periods: 11–9 ka, 7–5 ka and ~2 ka. These periods align with local temperature fluctuations, suggesting that rockfalls occurred episodically in response to Holocene temperature fluctuations. Early Holocene rockfall activity (~11–9 ka) likely reflects enhanced mechanical weathering and fracture propagation due to glacier retreat and freeze–thaw cycles. In contrast, mid-Holocene (7–5 ka) and late Holocene (~2 ka) rockfall activity coincide with warmer conditions that enabled chemical and biological weathering and enhanced subcritical crack growth, promoting fracture progression and slope destabilization. These results highlight the role of climate – especially temperature – driven chemical and biological weathering in preparing rock slope failures and rockfalls in tropical mountainous landscapes. With continued warming, chemical weathering may increasingly control rockfall activity in temperate and cold climates.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "rockfall deposits" }, { "word": "postglacial landscape" }, { "word": "paleoclimate" }, { "word": "progressive rock failure" }, { "word": "chemical weathering" }, { "word": "biological weathering" }, { "word": "Rwenzori Mountains" }, { "word": "10Be surface exposure dating" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-10T12:23:45.353000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-10T14:27:57.463000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-10T14:27:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5K750", "authors": [ { "pk": 127659, "first_name": "Audrey", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Margirier", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127737, "first_name": "Konstanze", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Stübner", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127738, "first_name": "Christoph", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Schmidt", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127739, "first_name": "Johannes", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lachner", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127740, "first_name": "Georg", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Rugel", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127741, "first_name": "Salome", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Oehler", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127742, "first_name": "Pontien", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Niyonzima", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127743, "first_name": "Rosemary", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Nalwanga", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127744, "first_name": "Anne", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Voigtländer", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geomorphology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "ESPL Margirier EarthArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11406/download/20681/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11411, "title": "Paleolatitude.org 3.0: a calculator for paleoclimate and paleobiology studies based on a new global paleogeography model", "abstract": "<p>Paleogeography, and particularly the paleolatitude, provides key context in the interpretation of paleoclimatic and paleobiological data but these fields are typically studied by scientists in different disciplines. To facilitate communication between these disciplines, a decade ago the online Paleolatitude.org calculator was developed. This provided for any coordinate on stable tectonic plates a paleolatitude estimate for any chosen Phanerozoic time interval, including an uncertainty that includes paleogeographic uncertainty and age uncertainty of a sample/fossil. Here, we provide a major update to this tool. First, we include in the calculator the first global paleogeographic model, including GPlates reconstruction files, back to 320 Ma that also restores paleogeographic units that are now thrusted over each other in orogenic (mountain) belts. Second, we include a recent, more precise paleomagnetic reference frame with updated statistical procedures, and provide the first update of its underlying database. Third, we introduce a new online interface with an easy-to-use tool with a batch option, and data and graph export functions. Finally, we illustrate differences with previous reconstructions and show an application by calculating a paleolatitudinal biodiversity gradient for the late Jurassic in which we use a bootstrap approach to propagate paleolatitude and age uncertainty into the result.</p>", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "paleogeography" }, { "word": "Paleontology" }, { "word": "paleobiology" }, { "word": "paleoclimate" }, { "word": "plate tectonics" }, { "word": "paleomagnetism" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-11T12:30:54.601000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-11T14:02:32.520000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-11T14:02:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5XJ22", "authors": [ { "pk": 3790, "first_name": "Douwe", "middle_name": "J.J.", "last_name": "van Hinsbergen", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": "0000-0003-3410-0344" }, { "pk": 127757, "first_name": "Bram", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Vaes", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 21099, "first_name": "Lydian", "middle_name": "M.", "last_name": "Boschman", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127758, "first_name": "Nalan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lom", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127759, "first_name": "Suzanna", "middle_name": "H.A.", "last_name": "van de Lagemaat", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 25906, "first_name": "Eldert", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Advokaat", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127760, "first_name": "Sanne", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "de Baar", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127761, "first_name": "Menno", "middle_name": "R.T.", "last_name": "Fraters", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 25196, "first_name": "Joren", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Paridaens", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127762, "first_name": "Emilia", "middle_name": "B.", "last_name": "Jarochowska", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "van Hinsbergen et al manuscript_EarthArxiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11411/download/20690/" }, { "original_filename": "van Hinsbergen et al manuscript_EarthArxiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11411/download/20691/" }, { "original_filename": "van Hinsbergen et al manuscript_EarthArxiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11411/download/20989/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11415, "title": "Role of Lithospheric and Upper-Mantle Heterogeneities in Controlling Intraplate Seismicity in Central and Southeastern Brazil", "abstract": "Seismicity in Central and Southeastern Brazil is spatially heterogeneous, with active zones showing little correspondence to major geological provinces, a pattern typical of many intraplate settings worldwide. While previous studies have explored possible controls using geophysical observations, the relative roles of crustal and upper-mantle heterogeneities in shaping the regional stress fields remain poorly constrained using large-scale calculations. We use, three-dimensional thermo-mechanical numerical models integrating lithospheric and mantle heterogeneities with regional stress conditions to investigate the intraplate seismicity in this region. A crustal seismic velocity model is employed to estimate crustal thickness and density, while seismic velocity anomalies from regional upper-mantle tomography are converted into a temperature field, from which density variations, lithospheric thickness, and rheology are derived. These crustal and mantle heterogeneities are incorporated into numerical models along with far-field east–west compressional stresses. Crustal density and thickness variations are also constrained using Gravitational Potential Energy and Crustal thickness gradients. Models with tomography-based thermal structures with far-field stresses produce localized lithospheric thinning and elevated strain rates that spatially correlate with seismicity. Regions of concentrated seismicity consistently coincide with zones of thinned lithosphere, enhanced strain rate, and positive correlations with gravitational potential energy and crustal thickness gradients. The results indicate that intraplate seismicity in central and southeastern Brazil is controlled by the combined effects of upper-mantle temperature heterogeneity, regional stress, and crustal-scale structural variations. These findings highlight the importance of coupling mantle dynamics with lithospheric and crustal structure to explain earthquake occurrence in intraplate regions.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Intraplate Seismicity" }, { "word": " Central and Southeastern Brazil" }, { "word": " Upper-mantle heterogeneities" }, { "word": " Geodynamic Modelling" }, { "word": " Gravitational potential energy" }, { "word": " Crustal thickness gradient." } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-12T11:54:08.486000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-12T20:28:33.922000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-11T23:33:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5P17M", "authors": [ { "pk": 127775, "first_name": "Sumit", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Singh", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127784, "first_name": "Dip", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ghosh", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Brazil_2026_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11415/download/20703/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11420, "title": "The magnitude of equilibrium isotope fractionation of Mg between forsterite, diopside and melt at liquidus temperatures", "abstract": "We examine the equilibrium fractionation of Mg isotopes between forsterite, diopside, and a coexisting melt at liquidus temperatures using a combination of analyses of petrological-experiment products and atomic-scale simulations. Our experiment yields ∆²⁶Mgol/melt = -0.058 ± 0.032 ‰ (2s.e.) and ∆²⁶Mgcpx/melt = 0.060 ± 0.034 ‰ (2s.e.) for crystals grown from a near-cotectic basaltic melt in the CMAS system, which combine to give ∆26Mgcpx/ol = 0.131 ± 0.045 ‰ at 1300 °C. The value of ∆²⁶Mgol/melt is within the uncertainty of the mean olivine-melt fractionation determined for unzoned phenocrysts and naturally quenched glass from ocean island and mid-ocean ridge basalts. We compare the experimentally determined Mg isotope fractionation between olivine and clinopyroxene with ab initio calculations using different DFT functionals. We demonstrate that when using the revised Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBESOL) exchange-correlation functional, accounting for thermal expansion, and site-averaging for forsterite, our ab initio results are in good agreement with our experiments, yielding ∆26Mgcpx/ol = 0.134‰ at 1300°C. Using the Local Density Approximation (LDA) or other Generalised Gradient Approximation (GGA) functionals, or neglecting thermal expansion, lowers ∆26Mgcpx/ol values to approximately 0.03–0.06 ‰ below the experimentally measured values. Neglecting site-averaging in forsterite results in positive (using only M1) or negative (using only M2) deviations in fractionation of 0.08‰ from averaged isotope ratios. Comparison of our experimentally and theoretically derived ∆26Mgcpx/ol values with empirical estimates from natural samples reveals a systematic offset, underscoring the need to distinguish equilibrium mineral–mineral fractionation from empirically derived relationships that may incorporate kinetic or compositional effects.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). 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Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Mg isotopes" }, { "word": "equilibrium isotope fractionation" }, { "word": "density functional theory" }, { "word": "high-temperature experiments" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-12T17:35:16.696000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-12T20:30:03.027000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-11T23:33:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5J762", "authors": [ { "pk": 127653, "first_name": "Bram", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "de Winter", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 4288, "first_name": "Andrew", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Walker", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0003-3121-3255" }, { "pk": 127790, "first_name": "Elena", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Melekhova", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127791, "first_name": "Xiao-Ning", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Liu", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 12635, "first_name": "Tim", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Elliott", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geochemistry" }, { "name": "Mineral Physics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Preprint_draft.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11420/download/20712/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11421, "title": "Computation of Regional Groundwater Budgets for the Virginia Coastal Plain Aquifer System", "abstract": "<p>Computation of detailed groundwater flow budgets for subdivisions of Virginia’s Coastal Plain aquifer system has enabled quantification and more thorough understanding of groundwater flow within this important water resource. A zone budget analysis conducted on previously published groundwater models of the Virginia Coastal Plain and Virginia Eastern Shore shows that groundwater conditions vary substantially throughout the Coastal Plain aquifer system due to local variations in hydrogeology and historical and ongoing variations in groundwater use and management. Decades of substantial groundwater withdrawal from the Coastal Plain aquifer system have fundamentally altered groundwater flow from pre-development conditions. Rates of sustainable withdrawal are limited because the downward groundwater flow rate into confined aquifers supplying groundwater is a relatively small portion of the total groundwater water budget for the aquifer system. Analyses of groundwater budgets from the Virginia Coastal Plain model show that groundwater flow is generally outward from the surficial aquifer to rivers and coastal water bodies and downward through a series of underlying aquifers and confining units to the Potomac aquifer, which is the deepest aquifer and the source of most groundwater withdrawals. Downward flow into the Potomac aquifer currently is estimated to be only 7 percent of total net precipitation-derived net recharge at the land surface but makes up about 66 percent of inflow to the aquifer in Virginia, with much of the remaining inflow occurring laterally from areas outside of defined groundwater budget regions in Virginia. For several decades prior to 2010, high rates of withdrawal from the Potomac aquifer resulted in substantial decline in groundwater storage in the aquifer and in most overlying aquifers and confining units. From 2010 to 2025, rates of withdrawal substantially lower than the historical maximum have resulted in small net increases in groundwater storage in the confined aquifer system for most regions of the Virginia Coastal Plain. Nevertheless, for the same period, groundwater storage for the entire model domain continues to incrementally decline, indicating that storage recovery in Virginia is offset by a continued decrease in storage in areas beneath the Chesapeake Bay or in adjacent areas of Maryland and North Carolina. Withdrawals from the Potomac aquifer have induced substantial downward flow which is a large part of groundwater budgets for confined aquifers such as the Potomac. Downward groundwater flow continues under current conditions, but because vertical flow rates are a function of the difference between water pressure in the upper surficial systems and lower confined units, those rates are lower than those in earlier decades as the confined water levels partially recover from larger groundwater withdrawals in the past. Geographically, groundwater flow is generally inward from perimeter regions of the Virginia Coastal Plain toward central regions with the largest withdrawal rates. Estimated groundwater inflow from coastal regions could be contributing to saltwater intrusion, though that was not measured directly in this study. Analyses of groundwater budgets from the Virginia Eastern Shore peninsula, a geographic region of the Virginia Coastal Plain, show that groundwater flow for that isolated aquifer system is generally outward from the surficial aquifer to coastal water bodies and downward into the confined Yorktown-Eastover aquifer system, which is the source of most withdrawals. Downward groundwater flow into the confined Yorktown-Eastover aquifer system is estimated to be less than 2 percent of total recharge and less than 9 percent of net recharge at the water table but makes up over 93 percent of all inflow to the confined aquifer system. Decades of substantial but relatively consistent groundwater withdrawals have induced greater downward flow rates into the confined aquifer system but also have resulted in loss of groundwater from storage. Currently, estimated storage loss accounts for slightly under 7 percent of withdrawals from the confined aquifer system. The current withdrawal rate from the confined Yorktown-Eastover system is near the highest reported rate for the Eastern Shore, which means that the storage depletion is expected to continue, even though groundwater levels appear to be relatively stable. Estimated groundwater flow rates upward from the confining unit underlying the Yorktown-Eastover system and small rates of inflow from coastal water bodies underscore ongoing concerns about up-coning and lateral intrusion of salty groundwater.</p>", "license": { "name": "No Creative Commons license", "short_name": "No CC license", "text": "This option allows you to opt out of adding a Creative Commons license to your submission.", "url": "https://escholarship.org" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "groundwater" }, { "word": "aquifers" }, { "word": "Virginia Coastal Plain" }, { "word": "Water budget" }, { "word": "groundwater model" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-13T23:54:52.280000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-15T15:04:32.508000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-15T15:04:00Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20261002", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5HB5D", "authors": [ { "pk": 127806, "first_name": "Jason", "middle_name": "Philip", "last_name": "Pope", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0003-3199-993X" }, { "pk": 127808, "first_name": "Alison", "middle_name": "D.", "last_name": "Gordon", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127809, "first_name": "Ryan", "middle_name": "S.", "last_name": "Frederiks", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "VirginiaCoastalPlain_MODFLOW_ZoneBudget_PopeGordonFrederiks_January132026.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11421/download/20737/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11423, "title": "Thermodynamically constrained surface energy balance using medium-resolution remote sensing for efficient evapotranspiration mapping", "abstract": "<p> <!-- [if gte mso 9]&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;xml&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;o:OfficeDocumentSettings&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;o:RelyOnVML/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n 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m:val=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;off&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;m:dispDef/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;m:lMargin m:val=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;0&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;m:rMargin m:val=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;0&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;m:defJc m:val=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;centerGroup&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;m:wrapIndent m:val=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;1440&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;m:intLim m:val=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;subSup&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;m:naryLim m:val=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;undOvr&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/m:mathPr&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/w:WordDocument&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/xml&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 9]&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;xml&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LatentStyles DefLockedState=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; DefUnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n DefSemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; DefQFormat=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; DefPriority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;99&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n LatentStyleCount=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;376&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;0&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Normal&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;9&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;heading 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;9&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;heading 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;9&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;heading 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;9&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;heading 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;9&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;heading 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;9&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;heading 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;9&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;heading 7&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;9&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;heading 8&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;9&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;heading 9&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;index 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;index 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;index 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;index 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;index 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;index 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;index 7&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;index 8&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;index 9&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;39&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;toc 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;39&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;toc 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;39&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;toc 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;39&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;toc 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;39&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;toc 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;39&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;toc 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;39&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;toc 7&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;39&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;toc 8&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;39&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;toc 9&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Normal Indent&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;footnote text&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;annotation text&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;header&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;footer&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;index heading&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;35&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;caption&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;table of figures&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;envelope address&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;envelope return&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;footnote reference&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;annotation reference&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;line number&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;page 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Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Continue 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Continue 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Continue 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Message 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Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;annotation subject&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;No List&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Outline List 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Outline List 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Outline List 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Simple 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Simple 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Simple 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Classic 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Classic 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Classic 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Classic 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Colorful 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Colorful 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Colorful 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Columns 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Columns 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Columns 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Columns 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Columns 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Grid 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Grid 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Grid 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Grid 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Grid 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Grid 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Grid 7&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Grid 8&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table List 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table List 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table List 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table List 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table List 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table List 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table List 7&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table List 8&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table 3D effects 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table 3D effects 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table 3D effects 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Contemporary&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Elegant&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Professional&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Subtle 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Subtle 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Web 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Web 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Web 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Balloon Text&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;39&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Grid&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Theme&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Placeholder Text&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;No Spacing&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;60&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Light Shading&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;61&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Light List&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;62&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Light Grid&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;63&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;64&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;65&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium List 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;66&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium List 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;67&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;68&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;69&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;70&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Dark List&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;71&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Colorful Shading&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;72&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Colorful List&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;73&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Colorful Grid&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;60&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Light Shading Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;61&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Light List Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;62&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Light Grid Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;63&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;64&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;65&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium List 1 Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Revision&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;34&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Paragraph&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;29&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Quote&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Intense Quote&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;66&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium List 2 Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;67&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;68&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;69&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;70&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Dark List Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;71&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Colorful Shading Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;72&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Colorful List Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;73&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Colorful Grid Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;60&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Light Shading Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;61&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Light List Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;62&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Light Grid Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;63&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;64&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;65&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium List 1 Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;66&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium List 2 Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;67&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;68&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;69&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;70&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Dark List Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;71&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Colorful Shading Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;72&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Colorful List Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;73&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Colorful Grid Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;60&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Light Shading Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;61&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Light List Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;62&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Light Grid Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;63&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;64&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;65&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium List 1 Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;66&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium List 2 Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;67&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;68&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;69&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;70&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Dark List Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;71&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Colorful Shading Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;72&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Colorful List Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;73&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Colorful Grid Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;60&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Light Shading Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;61&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Light List Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;62&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Light Grid Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;63&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;64&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;65&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium List 1 Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;66&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium List 2 Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;67&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;68&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;69&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;70&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Dark List Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;71&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;72&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Colorful List Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;73&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;60&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Light Shading Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;61&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Light List Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;62&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Light Grid Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;63&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;64&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;65&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;66&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;67&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;68&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;69&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;70&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Dark List Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;71&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;72&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Colorful List Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;73&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;60&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Light Shading Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;61&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Light List Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;62&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Light Grid Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;63&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;64&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;65&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium List 1 Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;66&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium List 2 Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;67&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;68&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;69&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;70&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Dark List Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;71&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;72&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Colorful List Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;73&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;19&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Subtle Emphasis&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;21&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Intense Emphasis&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;31&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Subtle Reference&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;32&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Intense Reference&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;33&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Book Title&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;37&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Bibliography&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;39&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;TOC Heading&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;41&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Plain Table 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;42&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Plain Table 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;43&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Plain Table 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;44&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Plain Table 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;45&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Plain Table 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;40&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table Light&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 1 Light&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 5 Dark&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 1 Light&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 5 Dark&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 6 Colorful&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 7 Colorful&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 2 Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 3 Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 4 Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 2 Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 3 Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 4 Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 2 Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 3 Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 4 Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 2 Accent 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4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 2 Accent 5&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 3 Accent 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6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Mention&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Smart Hyperlink&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Hashtag&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Unresolved Mention&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;\n Name=&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Smart Link&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/w:LatentStyles&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/xml&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 10]&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;style&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n /* Style Definitions */\n table.MsoNormalTable\n\t{mso-style-name:&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Table Normal&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;;\n\tmso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n\tmso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n\tmso-style-noshow:yes;\n\tmso-style-priority:99;\n\tmso-style-parent:&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;;\n\tmso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n\tmso-para-margin-top:0in;\n\tmso-para-margin-right:0in;\n\tmso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt;\n\tmso-para-margin-left:0in;\n\tline-height:115%;\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n\tfont-size:12.0pt;\n\tfont-family:&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Aptos&amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;\n\tmso-ascii-font-family:Aptos;\n\tmso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n\tmso-hansi-font-family:Aptos;\n\tmso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\n\tmso-font-kerning:1.0pt;\n\tmso-ligatures:standardcontextual;}\n&amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/style&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--></p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Medium-resolution (10-100 m) satellite evapotranspiration (ET) products are rapidly advancing agricultural water resources research and management, but underperformance across non-agricultural land cover continues to limit broader hydrologic and ecosystem applications. These inconsistencies are often linked to model structure and representation of ET dynamics across space and time. In extensive natural ecosystems such as forests and shrublands, ET is primarily governed by equilibrium radiative energy exchange, whereas in croplands it is often enhanced by advective energy inputs. While select models represent these processes, recent intercomparison studies highlight persistent performance gaps across land covers. We hypothesize that model structure governing land–atmospheric coupling, rather than sensor limitations alone, remains a primary constraint on medium-resolution ET performance.</p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Here, we introduce a diffusivity-independent equilibrium formulation free of conductance terms that conditionally incorporates aerodynamic enhancement when advection is expected. Landsat thermal and optical observations are integrated with gridded meteorological data within the presented Radiation Advection Diffusivity-independent ET (RADET) modeling framework to predict ET. Performance is evaluated using 145 in situ flux stations across the contiguous United States and intercomparisons with OpenET and MODIS products. Results indicate that RADET achieves comparable performance to leading models in croplands while providing consistent improvements across natural ecosystems, including ~35% lower mean absolute error and sustained positive Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency where ensemble models often showed reduced skill. Application of satellite-based equilibrium formulations with conditional transport enhancement enables computationally efficient generation of medium-resolution ET with robust cross-land cover performance, advancing research and operational applications emphasized in recent medium-resolution remote sensing initiatives.</p>\n<p><!--EndFragment--></p>", "license": { "name": "CC-By Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce and reproduce, but not Share, Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material, You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, You do not have permission under this Public License to Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only and provided You do not Share Adapted Material;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "evapotranspiration" }, { "word": "satellite remote sensing" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-13T00:54:37.933000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-13T22:49:29.170000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-13T01:53:00Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2026.115510", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X51B4P", "authors": [ { "pk": 1712, "first_name": "Yeonuk", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kim", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0003-2993-8687" }, { "pk": 127813, "first_name": "Justin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Huntington", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 79749, "first_name": "Bruno", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Comini de Andrade", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 1708, "first_name": "Mark", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Johnson", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0001-5070-7539" }, { "pk": 127814, "first_name": "John", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Volk", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127815, "first_name": "Sayantan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Majumdar", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127816, "first_name": "Charles", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Morton", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127817, "first_name": "Peter", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "ReVelle", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Engineering" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "preprint_20260112.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11423/download/20717/" }, { "original_filename": "preprint_20260112.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11423/download/20718/" }, { "original_filename": "preprint_20260112_combined.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11423/download/20719/" }, { "original_filename": "preprint_v2.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11423/download/21495/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11428, "title": "Assessing the Impact of Wind Erosion in Baringo County, Kenya", "abstract": "Wind erosion poses substantial threats to soil health and agricultural productivity in arid and semi-arid environments globally. In response to the escalating environmental challenge of wind erosion, this study, centered in Baringo County, employs a blend of remote sensing and GIS techniques alongside the Revised Wind Erosion Equation (RWEQ) model. The study spans a 25-year period, with a main objective of assessing the spatial-temporal impact of wind erosion on soil loss hence offering a long-term perspective on the dynamics of wind erosion.\nThe issue of soil destabilization and reduced agricultural productivity, primarily aggravated by land use changes and deforestation serves to fuel this study. These transformations prompt an urgent need for a comprehensive understanding of erosion processes and effective mitigation strategies. The methodology encompasses the utilization of Landsat data, Terra Climate data, and Africa Soil Grids data, to compute the parameters which serve as inputs for calculating Soil loss and mapping susceptibility by utilizing the RWEQ model.\nThe study demonstrates a steady rise in soil loss in Baringo County, increasing from 27.90 in 1995 to 35.96 Kg/Ha in 2020. Notably, 2005 marked a peak at 37.73 Kg/Ha. The study also evaluates the efficiency windbreaks in countering wind-induced soil erosion. Through analyses of average windbreak parameters such as width and optical porosity, the research provides quantitative insights into the effectiveness of these measures. The observed reduction in soil loss in Perkerra region in Baringo county from a maximum of 1.9 in 2010 to 0.8 kg/ha in 2020 supports the practical efficiency of windbreaks in mitigating erosive impacts, emphasizing their role as valuable tools in soil conservation strategies.", "license": { "name": "No Creative Commons license", "short_name": "No CC license", "text": "This option allows you to opt out of adding a Creative Commons license to your submission.", "url": "https://escholarship.org" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Wind Erosion" }, { "word": "Soil Loss" }, { "word": "GIS" }, { "word": "RWEQ" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-13T02:46:42.066000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-13T15:28:49.649000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-13T15:28:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5DJ11", "authors": [ { "pk": 127820, "first_name": "CYRUS", "middle_name": "KIMUTAI", "last_name": "KIPRONO", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment" }, { "name": "Geomorphology" }, { "name": "Soil Science" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "ASSESING IMPACT OF WIND EROSION ON SOIL LOSS.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11428/download/20724/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11435, "title": "Generation of Random Geological Models Using Multi-Randomization for Machine Learning", "abstract": "", "license": { "name": "CC-By Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce and reproduce, but not Share, Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material, You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, You do not have permission under this Public License to Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only and provided You do not Share Adapted Material;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "random geological model; machine learning; geological fault; seismic interpretation" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-13T20:57:28.809000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-13T22:39:53.196000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-13T22:39:00Z", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2026.106133", "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X58T9K", "authors": [ { "pk": 28671, "first_name": "Kai", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gao", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 84377, "first_name": "Ting", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chen", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "paper.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11435/download/20735/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11445, "title": "EVALUATION OF WIND ENERGY RESOURCE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE AND CORNWALL COUNCILS, UNITED KINGDOM", "abstract": "This study aimed to assess the wind energy potential in the United Kingdom, focusing on the East Riding of Yorkshire and Cornwall Councils. A comparative analysis was conducted by sampling two weather stations from each region to obtain and analyze wind characteristics. The annual energy yield for both regions was calculated over a four-year period. Data analysis involved frequencies, averages, T-tests, tables, and charts. The results indicated that wind speeds in the East Riding of Yorkshire ranged from 1 m/s to 23 m/s, with an average speed of 5.9 m/s, while Cornwall exhibited wind speeds from 1 m/s to 29 m/s, with an average of 8 m/s. The Hummer H25.0-200KW turbine was recommended for smaller installations, such as companies and schools, while the Enercon E-160 EP5 E3 turbine was suggested for larger installations, such as government projects. The potential annual energy yield in the East Riding of Yorkshire was estimated to be between 40,792 kWh and 111,695 kWh, while in Cornwall, it ranged from 50,580 kWh to 83,983 kWh. The T-test results revealed no significant difference in wind speed characteristics between the two counties (p = 0.248, p > 0.05) and no significant difference in their annual wind energy potentials (p = 0.417, p > 0.05). These findings suggest that to achieve the UK Government's wind energy target of 55 GW by 2030, a substantial number of turbines and large wind farms must be installed across all suitable sites in both counties.\n", "license": { "name": "No Creative Commons license", "short_name": "No CC license", "text": "This option allows you to opt out of adding a Creative Commons license to your submission.", "url": "https://escholarship.org" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "renewable energy" }, { "word": "Wind Energy Evaluation" }, { "word": "Energy Transition" }, { "word": "wind energy potentials cornwall" }, { "word": "wind energy potentials UK" }, { "word": "Wind energy potentials for the east riding of yorkshire" }, { "word": "UK" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-15T14:36:25.679000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-16T19:50:13.656000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-16T19:50:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5417N", "authors": [ { "pk": 127614, "first_name": "Emmanuel", "middle_name": "Ugbedeojo", "last_name": "Itodo", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127953, "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Haruna", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Engineering" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "EVALUATION OF WIND ENERGY RESOURCE.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11445/download/20753/" }, { "original_filename": "evaluation1.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11445/download/20773/" }, { "original_filename": "EVALUATION_OF_WIND_ENERGY_RESOURCE_danielharuna_itodoemmanuel.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11445/download/23035/" }, { "original_filename": "EVALUATION_OF_WIND_ENERGY_RESOURCE_davidharuna_itodoemmanuel.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11445/download/23036/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 13160, "title": "Hydroelectric Regulation Decouples Arctic Silica Delivery from the Diatom Bloom: A Climate-Independent Causal Attribution Across Twenty Subarctic Rivers", "abstract": "Large subarctic rivers deliver most of their dissolved nutrients during the spring freshet, in approximate phase with the ice-edge diatom bloom that those nutrients support. Hydroelectric regulation flattens the river hydrograph, holding back the freshet and raising winter discharge, and in doing so it redistributes nutrient delivery in time. Across twenty subarctic rivers spanning the Arctic Ocean and Bothnian Bay drainages, classified by basin-cumulative Degree of Regulation (DOR), we test whether regulation shifts the delivery of dissolved silica out of phase with the shelf-specific diatom bloom window. Using the Global Aggregation of Stream Silica dataset (Jankowski et al., 2025) and the Arctic Great Rivers Observatory record, we estimate seasonal silica flux with a LOADEST-style concentration-discharge rating and map delivery onto receiving-shelf bloom climatology for eight shelves (Kara, Laptev, East Siberian, Beaufort, Bering/Chukchi, Bothnian Bay, Bothnian Sea, Gulf of Finland). Regulated rivers deliver 24.8 percent of annual silica during the open-water bloom window against 35.8 percent for controls, a synchrony gap of -11.0 percentage points that remains negative under every combination of plus-or-minus 15-day perturbations of the bloom window (49 of 49 negative, range -7.3 to -13.8 pp). The synchrony loss scales monotonically with DOR across the panel (Spearman rho = -0.80; OLS slope -0.284 per unit DOR, R-squared = 0.59, t = -5.05, two-sided p = 0.00008 from Student-t with n = 20 rivers spanning DOR 0 to 0.63), and leave-one-out cross-validation preserves a negative slope in 20 of 20 fits (slope range -0.310 to -0.250, all p less than 0.001). A placebo difference-in-differences design argues against the climate-only counterfactual on the cleanest available natural experiment: post-Krasnoyarsk Yenisei shifted winter discharge fraction by 4.96 percentage points more than the unregulated Lena (95 percent CI 4.21 to 5.72, p less than 0.0001) under identical Siberian climate. Within Yenisei, the year-by-year differential winter discharge fraction tracks the cumulative basin reservoir-filling curve across 73 years (r = +0.82), converting the binary causal test into a continuous-dose trajectory. The expanded twenty-river panel reproduces the original six-river ArcticGRO result independently (gap -10.0 vs -9.2 pp on the same six rivers using GlASS data), with multiple high-DOR anchors (Yenisei, Lulealven, Indalsalven, Skellefte, Oulujoki, Kymijoki, Angermanalven) replacing the single-river leverage of the original analysis. The contribution is the reframing of regulated-river nutrient alteration from a winter-enhancement story to a measurable loss of synchrony between SiO2 delivery and biological demand on the receiving shelves, robust across the Arctic Ocean and Bothnian Bay drainages.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "hydroelectric regulation" }, { "word": "silica" }, { "word": "diatom bloom" }, { "word": "Arctic Ocean" }, { "word": "Bothnian Bay" }, { "word": "subarctic rivers" }, { "word": "Degree of Regulation" }, { "word": "ArcticGRO" }, { "word": "nutrient timing" }, { "word": "causal attribution" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-05-23T15:37:43.496307Z", "date_accepted": "2026-05-23T16:38:12.618895Z", "date_published": "2026-05-23T16:38:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5M20P", "authors": [ { "pk": 110060, "first_name": "Ali", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bin Shahid", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": "0009-0003-9709-4241" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Hydrology" }, { "name": "Oceanography" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Shahid_2026_subarctic_dam_nutrient_timing.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/13160/download/23299/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11448, "title": "Global sediment transport intermittency is set by river planform", "abstract": "Patterns of water and sediment flux in rivers are key to understanding landscape responses to environmental change. Quantifying water intermittency in rivers (from perennial to ephemeral) provides vital context for interpreting long-term hydrographs and flood frequency, yet controls on corresponding sediment intermittency are poorly understood due to measurement challenges. We present the first global dataset quantifying both water and sediment intermittency in >300 river reaches across all climate zones. Results reveal water and sediment intermittency are decoupled worldwide: sediment intermittency is primarily controlled by river planform (R^2=0.47, <10-3), the plan-view morphology of rivers encompassing sinuosity and channel-count, while water intermittency is set by climate. We provide a mechanistic framework explaining the global variability in water and sediment intermittency, demonstrating that river planforms buffer climate-driven discharge variation and dampen these signals in sedimentary deposits. Our results permit stronger constraints on the impacts of intensifying hydrological variability in the near future, and the timescales of river activity across the solar system.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "geomorphology" }, { "word": "sedimentology" }, { "word": "intermittency" }, { "word": "hydrology" }, { "word": "Planform" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-14T14:52:15.894000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-15T07:17:47.671000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-14T10:19:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5RT9X", "authors": [ { "pk": 14196, "first_name": "Jonah", "middle_name": "S.", "last_name": "McLeod", "salutation": "Mr", "orcid": "0000-0002-5382-3559" }, { "pk": 102166, "first_name": "Vamsi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ganti", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 7742, "first_name": "Gary", "middle_name": "J", "last_name": "Hampson", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 6012, "first_name": "Rebecca", "middle_name": "E.", "last_name": "Bell", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5119, "first_name": "Louise", "middle_name": "J.", "last_name": "Slater", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9416-488X" }, { "pk": 86212, "first_name": "Yinxue", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Liu", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127894, "first_name": "Huck", "middle_name": "C.", "last_name": "Rees", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5918, "first_name": "Alexander", "middle_name": "C", "last_name": "Whittaker", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geomorphology" }, { "name": "Hydrology" }, { "name": "Sedimentology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "McLeod_Manuscript_Eartharxiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11448/download/20741/" }, { "original_filename": "McLeod_merged_EarthArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11448/download/20742/" }, { "original_filename": "McLeod_EarthArXiv_merged.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11448/download/20743/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11452, "title": "A Simple Model for Tidally Forced Standing Waves in a Submarine Canyon", "abstract": "Submarine canyons are recognized as energetic sites for internal tides and enhanced mixing, yet the mechanisms by which tidal forcing excites these motions remain poorly understood. To address this gap, we develop a simplified theoretical model that represents a canyon as a long, narrow rectangular box. The analysis reveals that the dominant wave modes in this idealized geometry are standing internal Kelvin waves, generated at the canyon-top interface by barotropic tides in the open ocean and accompanied by the radiation of internal tides back into the open ocean. The amplitude of these standing waves depends on the tidal forcing strength, the geometry-determined proximity to resonance with a given tidal frequency, and the width-to-length aspect ratio, which controls wave-radiation efficiency. Theoretical calculations indicate that the canyon’s tidal kinetic energy is sustained primarily by a balance between tidal energy input and losses through radiated internal tides, with bottom drag and turbulent mixing contributing an order of magnitude less. Idealized MITgcm simulations forced by barotropic tides at the boundaries support these theoretical predictions. While the model adopts a simplified geometry, the framework can be extended to more realistic continental slope settings, providing new insight into internal tide dynamics within submarine canyons.", "license": { "name": "No Creative Commons license", "short_name": "No CC license", "text": "This option allows you to opt out of adding a Creative Commons license to your submission.", "url": "https://escholarship.org" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Internal gravity wave" }, { "word": "submarine canyon" }, { "word": "theoretical modelling" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-14T23:05:10.675000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-16T23:23:55.777000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-16T23:23:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X50B4C", "authors": [ { "pk": 123571, "first_name": "Yuchen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ma", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 12784, "first_name": "Raffaele", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ferrari", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "BLT_paper_part2.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11452/download/20747/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11453, "title": "Calcium promotes carbon rich grassland soils", "abstract": "<p>Dark colored grassland soils, known as Mollisols, are intensively farmed and exceptionally rich in organic matter, and hence have an important role in the carbon cycle. Elevated carbon storage in Mollisols may be facilitated by calcium (Ca) released by carbonate and silicate weathering. This synergy between carbon and Ca cycling has not been definitively quantified. To close this knowledge gap, we developed a novel geochemical model and leveraged continental-scale datasets to simulate Ca release in soils across the USA. We found that Ca released by mineral weathering helps to predict the distribution of Mollisols and soil organic carbon storage. Our model also indicates that agriculture has increased Ca inputs to cultivated USA Mollisols 2-5 fold, demonstrating that humans have fundamentally changed the geochemical conditions that sustain carbon storage in these soils. By implication, moderating the quantity of and timing of Ca release may be essential for sustaining soil carbon storage in the world’s most intensively farmed landscapes.</p>", "license": { "name": "CC-By Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce and reproduce, but not Share, Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material, You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, You do not have permission under this Public License to Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only and provided You do not Share Adapted Material;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "weathering" }, { "word": "soil carbon" }, { "word": "grassland" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-15T00:13:40.806000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-15T15:03:04.611000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-15T15:03:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5N179", "authors": [ { "pk": 127906, "first_name": "Eric", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Slessarev", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127907, "first_name": "Heath", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Goertzen", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127908, "first_name": "Rebecca", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Lybrand", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 24919, "first_name": "Karis", "middle_name": "Jensen", "last_name": "McFarlane", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0001-6390-7863" }, { "pk": 24955, "first_name": "Jennifer", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Pett-Ridge", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 55487, "first_name": "Noah", "middle_name": "W.", "last_name": "Sokol", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127909, "first_name": "Dragos", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Zaharescu", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 107948, "first_name": "Katerina", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Georgiou", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Biogeochemistry" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Slessarev_Preprint_combined_011426.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11453/download/20748/" }, { "original_filename": "Slessarev_Preprint_combined_020226.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11453/download/21035/" }, { "original_filename": "Ca_and_grassland_soils_061226_combined.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11453/download/23748/" }, { "original_filename": "Slessarev_Preprint_combined_061526.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11453/download/23793/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11459, "title": "Evidence of low watershed resilience across the Western United States", "abstract": "Vulnerable waters, including headwater streams and non-floodplain wetlands, are essential to watershed level resilience but notoriously difficult to measure over large spatial scales. Although individually small, vulnerable waters as a whole are integral in regulating hydrologic and biogeochemical processes. In the relatively small proportion of vulnerable waters that are continuously monitored, there are clear signs of declining water availability and resilience. However, the dispersed and remote nature of these waters makes continuous, landscape-scale monitoring impossible with traditional in situ methods, limiting our understanding of their condition. To address this gap, we produced a satellite-derived dataset of monthly ecologically-available water in vulnerable waters during the growing season from 2016 to 2024 across dryland ecoregions in the western United States. We then developed several indicators of conditions in vulnerable waters. Our results uncover varying levels of degradation in headwaters across the western U.S., and indicate that many watersheds may have very low resilience to climate or land-use shocks. In these watersheds, the functions provided by vulnerable waters, such as maintaining flow heterogeneity, sediment connectivity, water availability, and habitat heterogeneity, may be declining and threatened. We demonstrate the utility of the dataset we introduce in this study for identifying watersheds where functions have become limited and could be good targets for restoration efforts. Overall, we demonstrate that satellite-based measurements fill a major monitoring gap for vulnerable waters, and these continuous time-series measures across entire landscapes have the potential to transform our understanding of how vulnerable waters are changing over time. The metrics we calculated from the pixel-based maps are able to summarize important ecosystem function characteristics, and can be used to answer a variety of scientific questions and inform management decisions. Furthermore, our approach is completely open access and reproducible for future years and in other dryland biomes.", "license": { "name": "CC-BY Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "remote sensing" }, { "word": "resilience" }, { "word": "watershed management" }, { "word": "watersheds" }, { "word": "wetlands" }, { "word": "headwaters" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-15T18:07:07.671000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-15T21:49:49.120000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-15T21:49:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5CJ23", "authors": [ { "pk": 127310, "first_name": "Nicholas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kolarik", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127897, "first_name": "Alex", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Brooks", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127312, "first_name": "Trevor", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Caughlin", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127898, "first_name": "Eric", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jensen", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127899, "first_name": "Louis", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jochems", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 127900, "first_name": "Jodi", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Brandt", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment" }, { "name": "Environmental Monitoring" }, { "name": "Sustainability" }, { "name": "Water Resource Management" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "eartharxivFile.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11459/download/20756/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11474, "title": "Benchmarking analog and ensemble-based seasonal forecasting strategies for water management in the Upper Rio Grande basin", "abstract": "In the southwestern US, declining runoff efficiencies driven by a warming climate have undermined the skill of seasonal water supply forecast (WSF) methods used for reservoir management by local to federal agencies. Seasonal water allocations are often based on deterministic inflow sequences, derived by matching historical streamflow traces (analogs) to statistical WSF volumes; yet model-based ensemble streamflow forecasting offers a compelling alternative. We evaluate this alternative through a systematic, hindcast-based benchmarking assessment, applying process-based hydrologic modeling to predict streamflow for US Bureau of Reclamation system inflow points in the Upper Rio Grande (URG). We demonstrate the viability of model-based prediction of disaggregated WSFs for guiding reservoir planning compared to existing analog-based practices, using the Ensemble Streamflow Prediction (ESP) technique to develop a 49-year dataset of April 1st hindcasts. Across thirteen URG forecast points, the bias-corrected ESP mean sequences consistently improved hydrograph shape over analog-based sequences, with a median KGE increase of +0.09. For peak flow characteristics, performance was broadly comparable. These results show that ESP-based predictions of seasonal inflow shape are a compelling option for reservoir management where analog-based methods are still used. This study also presents an early implementation of the SUMMA-mizuRoute framework for regional water modeling and seasonal ESP.\n", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "streamflow forecasting" }, { "word": "Ensemble Streamflow Prediction (ESP)" }, { "word": "Water management" }, { "word": "hydrologic modeling" }, { "word": "Rio Grande basin" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-16T19:15:39.781000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-17T15:42:40.868000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-17T15:42:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5GB4Q", "authors": [ { "pk": 128059, "first_name": "Joshua", "middle_name": "Thomas", "last_name": "Sturtevant", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 56693, "first_name": "Andrew", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Wood", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 128068, "first_name": "Dagmar", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Llewellyn", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 128069, "first_name": "Lucas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Barrett", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Hydrology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Sturtevant_etal_URG_Manuscript_EathArVix_preprint_20260116.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11474/download/20770/" }, { "original_filename": "Sturtevant_etal_URG_EarthArVix_preprint_20260116.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11474/download/20771/" }, { "original_filename": "Sturtevant_etal_URG_EarthArXiv_preprint_20260116.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11474/download/20772/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11475, "title": "A pilot study exploring the effect of vehicular waste heat on personal heat exposure", "abstract": "Understanding the causes of heat in various microclimates in cities is vital to improving human thermal comfort and health in outdoor spaces. This pilot study uses an experimental design to evaluate microclimate heat risk – including ambient air temperature (TA) and wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) – and approximate personal heat exposure of people 1.5-3.0 meters (5-10 feet) away from idling vehicles. These measurements were taken at a University of Arizona covered parking garage in June 2022 to investigate personal heat exposure attributable to vehicular waste heat while also minimizing the effect of solar radiant heat and wind. We used Kestrel 5400 devices to document the waste heat effects of a fleet of six identical gasoline-powered vehicles on the surrounding microclimate by collecting TA, wind velocity, and WBGT. When compared to the control, as well as comparing a period when engines were not idling, we found a strong correlation between vehicle presence, TA, and WBGT. Specifically, ordinary least-mean square (OLS) modeling shows an additional TA per minute increase of 0.006°C (a 25% increase) per minute when the vehicles are on and idling versus 0.024°C per minute increase that occurs from expected background morning temperatures when the vehicle effect is removed. Until we transition to an electric fleet and increase use of alternative modes of transportation, these findings can help inform how transportation professionals design the built environment and manage traffic and transit during summer months to prevent excessive heat exposure for pedestrians, cyclists, transit riders, and other individuals near idling vehicles.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "vehicle waste heat" }, { "word": "heat resilience" }, { "word": "extreme heat" }, { "word": "climate change" }, { "word": "Public health" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-16T22:00:13.566000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-17T15:13:20.043000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-17T15:13:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5QT9M", "authors": [ { "pk": 128071, "first_name": "Ashley", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Avila", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0001-9108-7487" }, { "pk": 128072, "first_name": "Nicole", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Iroz-Elardo", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 128073, "first_name": "Kristina ", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Currans", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0001-6522-0758" }, { "pk": 128074, "first_name": "Ladd", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Keith", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "PCLM-D-26-00012.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11475/download/20774/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 12660, "title": "From Progress to Transformation: A Systems-Based Index for Measuring Agrifood Systems Transformation", "abstract": "This paper introduces the Agrifood Systems Transformation Index (AFSTI), a systems-based framework for measuring agrifood systems transformation as a multidimensional, goaloriented, and interdependent process. Existing measurement approaches often fail to capture the systemic nature of transformation, relying on fragmented indicators or additive aggregation methods that mask imbalance across key dimensions. The AFSTI addresses these limitations by combining distance-to-target normalization, arithmetic and geometric aggregation, and an adjacency-matrix approach to model interactions among system components. Using data from the Food Systems Countdown Initiative, the paper illustrates how the index captures not only the level of progress, but also its balance, coherence, and interaction effects across pillars such as productivity, investment, nutrition, inclusion, resilience, and governance. The results show that agrifood systems transformation is moderate but uneven across countries, and that accounting for imbalance and interdependence materially alters performance assessments. By distinguishing between progress and transformation, the AFSTI provides a more analytically rigorous and policyrelevant tool for monitoring agrifood systems change.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Food" }, { "word": "systems" }, { "word": "Transportation" }, { "word": "index" }, { "word": "policy" }, { "word": "progress" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-04-16T21:00:24.216093Z", "date_accepted": "2026-04-16T21:12:51.166596Z", "date_published": "2026-04-16T21:12:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5WF67", "authors": [ { "pk": 135364, "first_name": "John Mususa", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ulimwengu", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0002-8905-0201" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "International and Area Studies" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "PONE-D-26-17818.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12660/download/22514/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://www.foodcountdown.org/", "label": "Public data" } ] }, { "pk": 11480, "title": "Use of Low Impact Development Systems to Enhance Recharge using Stormwater in a Heavily Groundwater-Depleted Region of the Gulf Coast Aquifer", "abstract": "Water resources in the Houston Metropolitan Area, otherwise known as Greater Houston, have been under enormous stress for decades due to an increase in population and uncertain climate conditions. Rapid urbanization has also increased impervious cover, leading to excess stormwater runoff. Implementing managed aquifer recharge (MAR) through the use of low impact development (LID) strategies can augment stormwater infiltration and help replenish groundwater resources in the region. However, research on the effects of LID practices on groundwater quantity and quality in the Greater Houston metropolitan area is limited. The main objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the impact of two LID systems and the native soil on groundwater recharge and chemistry. Three test cells representing native soil, soil amendment, and trench aggregates were constructed in a detention basin in a Houston suburb and their performance was evaluated over a two-year period. We found that trench aggregates recorded the highest mean cumulative infiltration over the monitoring period, 1.5 times that of the soil amendment and 1.6 times that of the native soil. When the test cells were completely inundated, native soil registered a drainage of 773 mm which was 13 times that of trenches and 20 times that of soil amendment. The results from the infiltration data were supported by the groundwater elevation data. The groundwater quality was not highly affected during this study except for its salinity content. The findings suggest that retrofitting detention basins with LID systems helped enhance recharge over the long term. Native soil also facilitated significant infiltration when the detention basin was completely inundated for a prolonged period by modifying its outfall structure. The results from this study can help engineers better design existing stormwater detention basins to augment groundwater resources.", "license": { "name": "CC-By Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce and reproduce, but not Share, Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material, You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, You do not have permission under this Public License to Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only and provided You do not Share Adapted Material;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Low Impact Development" }, { "word": "Managed Aquifer Recharge" }, { "word": "Stormwater Infiltration" }, { "word": "soil amendment" }, { "word": "Trench Aggregates" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-17T13:01:27.377000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-17T15:10:39.517000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-17T15:10:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5VJ3T", "authors": [ { "pk": 127946, "first_name": "Saheli", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Majumdar", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 128096, "first_name": "Gretchen", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Miller", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Civil Engineering" }, { "name": "Environmental Engineering" }, { "name": "Hydrology" }, { "name": "Sustainability" }, { "name": "Water Resource Management" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "ManagedAquiferRecharge_PilotStudy.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11480/download/20780/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11488, "title": "Defects, impurities and inclusion–host interfaces in diamond: an atomic-scale physico-chemical framework", "abstract": "The term “inclusion” is widely used in diamond research to describe internal features that differ fundamentally in their physical nature. In practice, atomic-scale lattice defects and chemically distinct foreign phases are frequently conflated, leading to ambiguity in the interpretation of microstructural observations.\nThis paper presents a conceptual physico-chemical framework that distinguishes lattice-incorporated defects from true inclusions based on crystalline continuity and interface physics. Rather than treating defects and inclusions as a continuum, the framework defines them as categorically distinct entities separated by the presence or absence of lattice discontinuity.\nThe analysis focuses on the response of the diamond host lattice to mechanically incompatible second phases. Microstructural features commonly observed at the optical scale are interpreted as elastic, defect-mediated, or brittle accommodation mechanisms within the host crystal. By clarifying the physical categories underlying these observations, the framework provides consistent interpretive boundary conditions for the analysis of defects and inclusions in crystalline solids.\n", "license": { "name": "No Creative Commons license", "short_name": "No CC license", "text": "This option allows you to opt out of adding a Creative Commons license to your submission.", "url": "https://escholarship.org" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "diamond" }, { "word": "lattice defects" }, { "word": "incluinclusion-host interfaces" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-19T11:01:17.361000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-19T15:08:26.703000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-19T15:08:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5ZB42", "authors": [ { "pk": 128121, "first_name": "Paula", "middle_name": "Sophie", "last_name": "Walkow", "salutation": "Miss", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "defects^impurity and inclusion host interfaces copy.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11488/download/20804/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 12654, "title": "Prevalence and associated factors of microbial water quality from drinking water in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis study", "abstract": "Introduction\n\nDrinking water contamination is a worldwide problem and causes a major public health threat, with most water contamination prevalent in developing countries, including Ethiopia. There is no pooled overall prevalence of fecal coliform contamination and its contributing factors in drinking water in Ethiopia.\n\nMethod\n\nThe review was conducted under the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and registered in PROSPERO CRD42024537804. The following databases were used: PubMed/MEDLINE, Worldwide Science, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. Two independent reviewers identified studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias, and methodological quality. Statistical techniques like Higgins I2 were used to investigate heterogeneity among the included studies. A funnel plot was developed to evaluate reporting bias, and Begg’s and Egger’s tests were used to check funnel plot symmetries.\n\nResult\n\nThe overall pooled prevalence of fecal coliform contamination of drinking water in study area was 55% (95% CI: 34, 77). Factors such as improved water sources, humans sharing their house with animals, water shortage experience, and educational status were significantly associated with fecal coliform contamination. All factors had high heterogeneity, and we used a random effect model to estimate the pooled odd ratio.\n\nConclusion\n\nThe pooled prevalence of fecal coliform contamination of drinking water was considerably high. Consumption of drinking water from improved water sources, shortages of water, shared houses with animals, and educational statuses were significantly associated with fecal coliform contamination of drinking water in the country. All concerned body ought to provide due attention.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Prevalence" }, { "word": "microbial water quality" }, { "word": "fecal coliforms" }, { "word": "Associated factors" }, { "word": "drinking water" }, { "word": "systematic review and meta-analysis" }, { "word": "Ethiopia" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-04-16T21:00:20.634394Z", "date_accepted": "2026-04-16T21:14:25.949406Z", "date_published": "2026-04-16T21:14:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5RN2J", "authors": [ { "pk": 135336, "first_name": "Asmamaw Deguale", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Worku", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0001-6573-2999" }, { "pk": 27119, "first_name": "Bezatu", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mengistie", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 135337, "first_name": "Abreham", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mota", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Public Health" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "PONE-D-26-13796.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/12654/download/22508/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1fr5enshtIwNUtBBeMvarG3SNj_fZ7NsZ/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=116060456574636135823&rtpof=true&sd=true", "label": "Public data" } ] }, { "pk": 11494, "title": "A detailed picture of Haiti’s seismicity given by deep learning and template matching", "abstract": "Haiti regularly experiences destructive earthquakes, but seismic monitoring in the region has historically been limited. Recent deployments of citizen-hosted RaspberryShake seismometers and temporary seismic deployment following the 2021 Mw 7.2 earthquake provide new data to study the region’s seismotectonics. However, high noise levels at many stations, in particular the RaspberryShake ones, limit detection, hence the fault imaging capability of these instruments. This study explores the use of a Deep Learning denoising algorithm, DeepDenoiser, to improve their seismic signal and earthquake detection capabilities. We find that DeepDenoiser raises the average signal-to-noise ratio of seismic signals by 4.7 dB and increases earthquake detections, but also raises false detections when using STA/LTA and a Deep Learning detection method. Template matching, however, when combined with DeepDenoiser, yields more true detections and fewer false detections than traditional band-pass filtered waveforms. This suggests that DeepDenoiser is better suited for retrospective studies than for real-time applications. Using DeepDenoiser and template matching, we compile a 2-year, high-resolution earthquake catalog for Haiti containing about 3 times the number of events of the original catalog. The improved catalog furthers our understanding of the 2021 Mw 7.2 earthquake sequence, highlighting particularly clearly the segmented nature of the aftershock distribution with a generally NE–dipping cluster in the east that coincides with the hypocenter and first reverse phase of the rupture, and a series of aftershocks farther west that coincide with the mostly strike-slip phase of the rupture. The improved catalog also reveals fluid-induced offshore seismic swarms in the Jérémie basin and active seismicity below Lake Enriquillo in the Dominican Republic. This catalog advances our knowledge of the region seismic activity and provides further opportunities to study the larger regional tectonic context.", "license": { "name": "No Creative Commons license", "short_name": "No CC license", "text": "This option allows you to opt out of adding a Creative Commons license to your submission.", "url": "https://escholarship.org" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Seismology" }, { "word": "Deep learning" }, { "word": "Haiti" }, { "word": "Hispaniola" }, { "word": "2021 Nippes earthquake" }, { "word": "Fluid driven seismicity" }, { "word": "Earthquake Detection" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-19T11:22:00.651000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-20T14:08:04.211000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-20T14:08:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5K47Q", "authors": [ { "pk": 123885, "first_name": "Miguel", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Neves", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-8581-8551" }, { "pk": 50678, "first_name": "Quentin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bletery", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0002-9796-5487" }, { "pk": 45949, "first_name": "Françoise", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Courboulex", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 128146, "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ambrois", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 128147, "first_name": "Jérôme", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Chèze", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 128148, "first_name": "Tony", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Monfret", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 10614, "first_name": "Steeve", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Symithe", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 128150, "first_name": "Sylvert", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Paul", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 128151, "first_name": "Louis", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "de Barros", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 128152, "first_name": "Bryan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Raimbault", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5788, "first_name": "Eric", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Calais", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0002-5935-8117" } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geophysics and Seismology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "neves_etal_haiti_preprint_supp.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11494/download/20805/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11498, "title": "Identification and verification of worst-case radiological transport scenarios for Ireland: a simulation-based approach to nuclear emergency preparedness (2011-2024)", "abstract": "<p>This study presents a comprehensive simulation-based assessment of potential transboundary radiological transport to Ireland from six nuclear facilities in the United Kingdom and France, utilising weather data over a fourteen-year period (2011–2024). Systematic screening of 2.2 million HYSPLIT atmospheric dispersion simulations identified eighteen worst-case scenarios representing conditions of maximum ground deposition, maximum air concentration, and minimum warning time for protective action implementation. Independent verification using FLEXPART and HYSPLIT demonstrated expected inter-model variability (factor of 1–10), with both Lagrangian models providing consistent risk assessment brackets. Heysham, despite its complex 19-isotope AGR source term, produced negligible radiological doses to Ireland (< 0.01 mSv)–more than four orders of magnitude below intervention thresholds. More distant continental facilities (Flamanville, Paluel, Sizewell B) showed low but measurable doses (0.1–4.6 mSv depending on scenario and model), remaining well below the 50 mSv sheltering threshold. Hinkley Point C (under construction) showed elevated but sub-threshold doses (0.3–8.5 mSv depending on model). However, the cancelled Wylfa Newydd gigawatt-scale project (the site is now proposed for small modular reactors), owing to its extreme proximity to Ireland, exhibited concerning dose predictions: FLEXPART calculated 20.7 mSv under maximum deposition conditions (May 2024 scenario), approaching the 50 mSv sheltering threshold, whilst HYSPLIT predicted 4.5 mSv. This inter-model variability (factor of ~5) highlights genuine uncertainty for near-source impacts but converges on a critical finding: were a gigawatt-scale reactor constructed at the Wylfa site, severe accidents during specific meteorological patterns could require protective actions in Ireland. Machine learning models (XGBoost) achieved validation accuracies of 85–93% for rapid impact prediction, whilst global sensitivity analysis revealed that meteorological conditions, rather than release parameters, dominate consequence severity. These findings provide quantitative assurance that existing nuclear infrastructure poses low transboundary risk to Ireland well below intervention thresholds, whilst demonstrating that facility proximity constitutes the dominant factor determining potential radiological impact.</p>", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Atmospheric dispersion modelling" }, { "word": "HYSPLIT" }, { "word": "FLEXPART" }, { "word": "Radiological dose assessment" }, { "word": "machine learning" }, { "word": "Global Sensitvity Analysis" }, { "word": "Transboundary transport" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-19T16:18:43.892000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-19T17:15:02.483000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-19T17:14:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5TN1S", "authors": [ { "pk": 128153, "first_name": "Marc", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sturrock", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 128155, "first_name": "Robert", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ryan", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 128154, "first_name": "Kevin", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kelleher", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Atmospheric Sciences" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "main7_with_coversheet.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11498/download/20809/" }, { "original_filename": "main7_with_coversheet_and_orcid_id.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11498/download/20811/" }, { "original_filename": "main7_with_coversheet_and_orcid_id.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11498/download/20865/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11501, "title": "From Points to Predictions: Data Curation for Geospatial Machine Learning", "abstract": "The quality of training datasets can have a large impact on Machine Learning (ML) models, yet this aspect of the pipeline frequently receives less scrutiny than it should. In the context of geospatial mapping from point-scale field data, quality control strategies to remove erroneous or misleading data can be applied prior to model training to improve performance. However, such strategies and their resulting impact are rarely reported, compared to extensive discussions of model selection and tuning. To investigate the potential for spatial data error correction, we examine the case of peatland mapping from peat core samples. We assess several curation strategies and compare fully automated filters against filters that require monitoring by domain experts. We find that cleaning strategies based on location precision and landcover classification filtering to detect mismatches can significantly improve performance metrics. We also find that blind reliance on fully automated classification may lead to worse results. Despite the additional effort required, we conclude that manual spatial data quality control processes are an important component of large-scale spatial modelling and discuss recommended approaches to scale them effectively for large datasets.", "license": { "name": "No Creative Commons license", "short_name": "No CC license", "text": "This option allows you to opt out of adding a Creative Commons license to your submission.", "url": "https://escholarship.org" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "geospatial machine learning" }, { "word": "data-centric machine learning" }, { "word": "peatland mapping" }, { "word": "location accuracy" }, { "word": "landcover filtering" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-19T21:49:36.468000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-20T14:35:44.072000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-20T14:33:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X59N2H", "authors": [ { "pk": 128163, "first_name": "Louis", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Saumier", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 128169, "first_name": "Joe", "middle_name": "R.", "last_name": "Melton", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 128170, "first_name": "Scott", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Winton", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Data_Filtering_Paper_v1_5_Earth_ArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11501/download/20814/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11513, "title": "Magmatic degassing as the primary source of salt in Archean oceans", "abstract": "<p>The salinification of Earth’s early oceans impacted both the climate and the evolution of life. However, available halogen data of Archaean seawater samples are at apparent odds with a conventionally assumed mantle origin of sea salt, highlighting a critical lack of mechanistic understanding of how the Archaean oceans became salty. Here, we present new triple halogen (Cl-Br-I) data from high temperature (~750–840 °C) fluid inclusions interpreted to have formed during late-stage crystallisation of a gabbroic intrusion in Iceland. Our data show that the magmatic degassing fractionates the halogens and generates fluids with high Br/Cl and I/Cl that match with Archaean seawater. These observations suggest that seawater salinity in the Archaean oceans was primarily regulated via fluids exsolved from cooling intrusions during genesis of early crust, and that the mantle had a modern-like halogen composition by 3.5 Ga. Our findings highlight the strong connection between the chemistry of the mantle, magmatic fluids and the oceans, with implications for understanding the chemical environments that guided the evolution of early marine organisms.</p>", "license": { "name": "CC-BY Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "halogens" }, { "word": "magmatic fluids" }, { "word": "Fluid inclusions" }, { "word": "Archean" }, { "word": "seawater chemistry" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-21T08:43:55.793000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-21T11:13:43.584000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-21T11:13:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X52472", "authors": [ { "pk": 36392, "first_name": "Eemu", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Ranta", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 128233, "first_name": "Tobias", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Fusswinkel", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 3700, "first_name": "Christoph", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Beier", "salutation": "Prof.", "orcid": "0000-0001-7014-7049" }, { "pk": 9359, "first_name": "Eniko", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Bali", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geochemistry" }, { "name": "Geology" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Ranta_Vesturhorn_preprint_21Jan2026.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11513/download/20829/" }, { "original_filename": "Manuscript_GPL_Vesturhorn_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11513/download/23888/" }, { "original_filename": "Manuscript_GPL_Vesturhorn_preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11513/download/23889/" } ], "supplementary_files": [ { "url": "https://github.com/eemu/magmatic-fluid-halogens", "label": "Supplementary Materials" } ] }, { "pk": 11516, "title": "Petrological insights into magma storage and evolution at Rabaul Caldera, Papua New Guinea", "abstract": "Rabaul is a caldera volcano in Papua New Guinea. Its most recent caldera-forming eruption occurred ~1400 years ago, with numerous intra-caldera eruptions since. Erupted whole rock compositions are commonly attributed to fractional crystallisation along a single liquid line of descent, but mafic mineral clots indicate mafic recharge and magma mixing also influence whole rock compositions. Geophysical studies identified two low-velocity zones at ~0.5–4 km and 9–15 km beneath the caldera, suggesting a shallow reservoir for evolved magmas and a deeper mafic storage zone. However, uncertainties remain regarding depths, connectivity and temporal evolution of Rabaul’s magma storage zones. We present petrological and thermobarometric analyses of products from the 1937, 1994 and 2014 eruptions at Rabaul. Samples contain two distinct mineral clot types. Mafic mineral clots comprise olivine, high-anorthite plagioclase and high-Mg# clinopyroxene that are out of equilibrium with surrounding matrix glass. Textures include rapid growth rims, olivine replacement by orthopyroxene and reversely zoned clinopyroxene. We interpret these mafic mineral clots as cumulate fragments mobilised from a deep mafic mush by mafic recharge. Intermediate mineral clots contain low-anorthite plagioclase, low-Mg# clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene and Ti-magnetite, and occur as macrocrysts in equilibrium with matrix glasses (Mg# 30–40). We interpret these intermediate mineral clots as fragments from a shallower, more evolved mush stored. Binary mixing models demonstrate that eruption products can be reproduced by mixing a mafic magma similar to 1937 basaltic enclaves with a dacitic magma resembling the last caldera-forming deposit. Clinopyroxene-only and clinopyroxene–liquid thermobarometry yield crystallisation pressures of 0.5–5 kbar (~2–20 km) and temperatures of 960–1125 °C, but the models lack the vertical resolution to resolve storage zones separated by ~5 km. Combining geophysical, geochemical and thermobarometric data we propose a refined model of magma storage beneath Rabaul, in which magmas are stored in a complex, vertically extensive magma plumbing system with a heterogeneous but interconnected mush reservoir. ", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "magma mixing" }, { "word": "magma recharge" }, { "word": "magma storage" }, { "word": "Rabaul" }, { "word": "Thermobarometry" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-21T10:45:58.224000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-21T11:12:26.424000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-21T11:12:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X55T9N", "authors": [ { "pk": 126394, "first_name": "Melina", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Höhn", "salutation": "Ms", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 5676, "first_name": "Margaret", "middle_name": "E.", "last_name": "Hartley", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 33221, "first_name": "John", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Dikaung", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 33225, "first_name": "Ima", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Itikarai", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 33226, "first_name": "Kila", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Mulina", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 128249, "first_name": "Steve", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Saunders", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 128250, "first_name": "Mikhail", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Sindang", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 33212, "first_name": "Brendan", "middle_name": "T.", "last_name": "McCormick Kilbride", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Geochemistry" }, { "name": "Volcanology" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "petrology_man_original_Jan26.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11516/download/20831/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11517, "title": "Multi-level geothermal analysis of urban heat-in-place: a Leeds case study", "abstract": "As cities across the UK seek to decarbonise heat and achieve net-zero targets, shallow geothermal energy presents an underutilised yet promising resource. In this study, we evaluate the geothermal potential of the upper 1,000 m of the subsurface beneath Leeds, a major urban centre underlain by Carboniferous sandstone aquifers and abandoned coal mine workings. Using geological maps and legacy borehole data, we construct a 3D subsurface model to carry out a stochastic calculation of the volumetric Heat-in-Place (HIP). Four geothermal targets were assessed: the Elland Flags, Upper and Lower Millstone Grit formations, and flooded mine workings. Our results reveal a substantial median geothermal resource exceeding 1,833,333 GWh of thermal energy, with a total recoverable heat output of over 700 MW (>500,000 home equivalent). The Lower Millstone Grit was identified as the most significant reservoir due to its depth and elevated temperatures, while the shallower Elland Flags and mine water systems offer localised low-temperature potential suitable for near-surface heating schemes. Spatial mapping of HIP indicates favourable alignment between zones of high energy potential and areas of heat demand, supporting the integration of geothermal resources into future heat networks. Our work also highlights key geoscientific and regulatory barriers to deployment and outlines the data needed to reduce uncertainty and enable investment. Overall, this work demonstrates the strategic role of urban geothermal energy in supporting Leeds’ transition to a low-carbon heat system and offers a transferable methodology for application in other cities in the UK and beyond.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Geothermal energy" }, { "word": "Heat-in-place" }, { "word": "Heat modelling" }, { "word": "Leeds" }, { "word": "Recoverable heat" }, { "word": "Carboniferous aquifers" }, { "word": "mine water" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-21T13:34:25.031000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-21T13:44:24.207000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-21T13:44:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5XB4R", "authors": [ { "pk": 3820, "first_name": "Mohamed", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Gouiza", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": "0000-0001-5438-2698" }, { "pk": 128251, "first_name": "David", "middle_name": "G.", "last_name": "Barns", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 3599, "first_name": "Emma", "middle_name": "K", "last_name": "Bramham", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 128252, "first_name": "Fleur", "middle_name": "A.", "last_name": "Loveridge", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 128253, "first_name": "Nick", "middle_name": "D.", "last_name": "Shaw", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Earth Sciences" }, { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Gouiza_et_al-Leeds_city_geothermal_potential-preprint_version.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11517/download/20837/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11518, "title": "Storm signals in coastal sediments: A review of palaeostorm archives and analytical approaches in north-west Europe", "abstract": "Coastal sedimentary archives offer key insights into past severe storms and related flooding, contributing to a better understanding of long-term coastal hazard histories. Although interest in palaeostorm reconstructions has increased in recent decades, a comprehensive overview and information for north-west Europe is missing. This synoptic literature review compiles all known sedimentary storm archives between 45°N and 75°N, outlining their geographical distribution, ages, and methodological approaches. We identified 77 sites described in 69 publications since 1985. The most frequently investigated archive types are peat bogs, followed by coastal dunes, salt marshes, coastal lakes and lagoons, and cliff-top storm deposits. Most records are concentrated in the British Isles, particularly Scotland, while data from southern Norway and the German coasts are largely absent, indicating a strong spatial bias. The ages of these records range from the Late Pleistocene (~14 ka BP) to the present, with a median sedimentary age range of 2.3 ka BP. Storm deposits are commonly identified as minerogenic sand layers embedded within organic-rich fine-grained sediments. Grain size and composition, often combined with loss-on-ignition analyses to estimate organic content, are the primary proxies used to infer depositional processes, which can generally be classified as marginal marine, overwash, or aeolian. The use of microfossils and stable isotopes remains limited across European studies. Recent studies show a growing trend toward more comprehensive laboratory analyses. Overall, this review highlights the need for standardised protocols in sampling, analysis, and interpretation to enable broader comparisons and to reconstruct long-term storm patterns across Europe more reliably. ", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Coastal archives" }, { "word": "storminess" }, { "word": "palaeotempestology" }, { "word": "North Atlantic" }, { "word": "coastal hazards" }, { "word": "Storm surge" }, { "word": "sediment records" }, { "word": "storm deposit" }, { "word": "washover deposit" }, { "word": "coastal flooding" }, { "word": "Baltic Sea" }, { "word": "North Sea" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-21T14:26:39.594000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-22T16:54:18.543000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-22T16:54:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X58N0F", "authors": [ { "pk": 128254, "first_name": "Katharina", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hess", "salutation": "Mrs", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 128256, "first_name": "Max", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Engel", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Manuscript_Preprint_EarthArXiv.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11518/download/20839/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] }, { "pk": 11519, "title": "Fabric, texture, and bubble characteristics of the million-year old Allan Hills blue ice core ALHIC1901", "abstract": "Ice cores from the Allan Hills blue ice area in Antarctica have been dated to several million years of age. However, the stratigraphy of these cores is often disturbed, and age reversals are common, hampering the interpretation of the derived climate records. To better understand the physical processes affecting the ice, we here use a variety of microstructural methods to investigate the fabric, texture and bubble characteristics of four depth regimes in the ALHIC1901 core. We find single maximum CPOs with an occasional second maximum; stripes of differently orientated crystals are common. We further observe small, potentially elongated, grains containing indications of dynamic recrystallisation. 2D and 3D bubble data show strongly elongated bubbles and very low bubble number densities compared to similar depths of deep ice cores. We interpret these findings as indications of simple shear, including kink and z-folds at the centimeter scale and potential alterations to the original air bubbles and, thus, their gas content. Extended studies of Allan Hills ice cores using continuous sections are needed to evaluate the spatial scale of the folding and its impact on the climate record.", "license": { "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International", "short_name": "CC BY 4.0", "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. 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For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. 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In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "keywords": [ { "word": "Antarctica" }, { "word": "Ice Core" }, { "word": "Blue Ice" }, { "word": "allan hills" }, { "word": "microstructure" }, { "word": "fabric" }, { "word": "CPO" }, { "word": "ice crystals" }, { "word": "oldest ice" } ], "date_submitted": "2026-01-21T13:19:10.256000Z", "date_accepted": "2026-01-21T16:45:04.703000Z", "date_published": "2026-01-21T16:45:00Z", "doi": null, "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5NV0X", "authors": [ { "pk": 128255, "first_name": "Nicolas", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Stoll", "salutation": "Dr", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 128257, "first_name": "Marguerite", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Shaya", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 128258, "first_name": "Liam", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Kirkpatrick", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 128259, "first_name": "Johannes", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Freitag", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 128260, "first_name": "Valens", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Hishamunda", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 46170, "first_name": "John-Morgan", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Manos", "salutation": "", "orcid": "0000-0001-9378-9271" }, { "pk": 128261, "first_name": "Daniela", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Jansen", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 128262, "first_name": "Ilka", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Weikusat", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 128263, "first_name": "John", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Fegyveresi", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 20837, "first_name": "Bradley", "middle_name": "P", "last_name": "Lipovsky", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 128264, "first_name": "Ed", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Brook", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 90710, "first_name": "Sarah", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Shackleton", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 11093, "first_name": "John", "middle_name": "A", "last_name": "Higgins", "salutation": "", "orcid": null }, { "pk": 128265, "first_name": "T. J.", "middle_name": "", "last_name": "Fudge", "salutation": "", "orcid": null } ], "subject": [ { "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics" } ], "files": [ { "original_filename": "Allan_Hills_Paper_submission _preprint.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "download_url": "/repository/object/11519/download/20836/" } ], "supplementary_files": [] } ] }