Preprint List

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{
    "count": 6751,
    "next": "https://eartharxiv.org/api/preprints/?format=api&limit=100&offset=6600",
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    "results": [
        {
            "pk": 11734,
            "title": "MACROM: An Optimal Control Model for Balancing Climate Change Abatement and Damage Trade-offs",
            "abstract": "The current pace of global emissions reduction is inadequate to meet the Paris Agreement temperature target of 1.5°C. While carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is increasingly viewed as necessary to meet these targets, questions remain about the optimal scale and timing of deployment when both costs and climate damages are considered. Here we present MACROM, an optimal control climate-economic model that identifies cost-optimal pathways for deploying emissions reduction and CDR to achieve the 1.5°C target by 2100. MACROM minimises the combined costs of climate action and temperature-related economic damages, while targeting a specific temperature goal and year. We examine cost-optimal pathways across five Shared Socioeconomic Pathways, finding that immediate, large-scale deployment of both emissions reduction and CDR minimises costs across all scenarios. Optimal solutions require 492-1,894 GtCO2 of emissions reduction and 394-1,374 GtCO2 of CDR by 2100, with CDR volumes well beyond current feasibility estimates. Temperature-related damages comprise 66-90% of total costs, far exceeding abatement expenditure. Sensitivity analysis reveals that discount rate and economic damage coefficients are the primary drivers of cost variability, while CDR and emissions reduction costs exert minimal influence. Our results demonstrate that even with unlimited CDR capacity, immediate emissions reduction remains essential for cost-effective climate action to achieve the Paris Agreement target this century.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC-By Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce and reproduce, but not Share, Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material, You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, You do not have permission under this Public License to Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only and provided You do not Share Adapted Material;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "optimal control"
                },
                {
                    "word": " carbon dioxide removal"
                },
                {
                    "word": " emissions reduction"
                },
                {
                    "word": " climate-economic modelling"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Paris Agreement"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-02-10T03:03:07.342248+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-02-11T22:43:26.890743+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-02-11T22:43:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5SB5W",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 130056,
                    "first_name": "Nina",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Rynne",
                    "salutation": "Ms",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 126843,
                    "first_name": "Michael",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Bode",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130094,
                    "first_name": "Melanie",
                    "middle_name": "E",
                    "last_name": "Roberts",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130095,
                    "first_name": "Ryan",
                    "middle_name": "F",
                    "last_name": "Heneghan",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Applied Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Climate"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "MACROM_An Optimal Control Model_Preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11734/download/21153/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12398,
            "title": "Global warming strengthens atmospheric ducting",
            "abstract": "Atmospheric ducts (ADs) provide efficient electromagnetic wave channels for beyond line-of-sight (BLOS) propagation and can serve as a sensitive diagnostic factor for the change of lower atmosphere. Based on the ERA5 model-level reanalysis data (1979–2024), a global-scale assessment of the response of AD evolution to global warming has been revealed for the first time. The occurrence probability, strength, and top height of AD all exhibit an increasing trend over mid- to low-latitude oceans. Analysis of underlying physical mechanisms indicates that this long-term trend is highly coupled with the continuous increase in atmospheric static stability within the lower marine atmosphere in the context of global warming. While interannual variability—typified by the El Niño–Southern Oscillation—modulates the amplitude of these anomalies, the long-term trajectory is overwhelmingly dictated by the secular trend. Ultimately, continuous warming is shifting the marine atmospheric background state toward a regime favoring more frequent and intense ducting, with profound implications for maritime BLOS communication and radar detection.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC-By Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce and reproduce, but not Share, Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material, You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, You do not have permission under this Public License to Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only and provided You do not Share Adapted Material;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Global Warming"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Atmospheric Duct"
                },
                {
                    "word": "ENSO"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-29T15:02:16.616534+02:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-29T17:40:41.864184+02:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-29T17:40:00+02:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5DV0R",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 134194,
                    "first_name": "xiaofeng",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Zhao",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133348,
                    "first_name": "chunshan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "wei",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134195,
                    "first_name": "Dongxiao",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Wang",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134196,
                    "first_name": "Pinglv",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Yang",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134197,
                    "first_name": "Yudi",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Liu",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134198,
                    "first_name": "Xiaoqian",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Zhu",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "EARTH.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12398/download/22144/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 11759,
            "title": "Scholte-wave Adjoint Tomography for Building Low-frequency, Offshore Shear-wave Velocity Models",
            "abstract": "Field observations have shown that low-frequency (sub-1 Hz) Scholte waves retrieved\nfrom ocean-bottom node (OBN) data are strongly influenced by large-scale velocity\nheterogeneities such as salt bodies, underscoring their potential for offshore model\nbuilding. However, procedures for translating this sensitivity into reliable subsur-\nface velocity models remains poorly understood. Motivated by these observations,\nwe investigate the feasibility of using low-frequency Scholte-wave travel-time adjoint\ntomography to construct long-wavelength offshore shear-wave velocity (VS ) models\nsuitable as starting models for elastic full-waveform inversion (E-FWI). Using a 2-D\nsynthetic model that includes an ocean layer and a realistic, laterally variable salt\nbody, we simulate empirical Green’s functions recorded by dense OBN arrays and compute travel-time misfit kernels for both background and true VP –ρ parameteriza-\ntions, starting from a background VS model with large (∼50%) perturbations relative\nto the true model. Fr´echet-kernel analyses confirm that Scholte waves are dominantly\nsensitive to VS variations, with only weak indirect dependence on VP and ρ. The to-\nmographic inversion employs a multimodal strategy that combines fundamental and\nhigher-order Scholte modes within a hierarchical frequency-stepping scheme. Even\nwhen all parameters are initialized from the background, the inversion recovers the\noverall salt geometry and VS structure reasonably well, demonstrating that large-scale\nVS recovery is achievable without the true VP –ρ contrasts. Incorporating the correct\nVP and ρ distributions further improves depth focusing and reduces parameter trade-\noffs, yielding enhanced vertical resolution. The recovered VS models reproduce the\nlong-wavelength salt geometry, with intermediate-depth velocities estimated within\n∼10% of the true values, although structures deeper than ∼6 km and shallower than\n∼2 km remain underconstrained within the tested 0.10–0.45 Hz band. These results\ndemonstrate that low-frequency Scholte-wave adjoint tomography provides a robust,\npractical pathway for constructing reliable long-wavelength VS models and a physi-\ncally consistent foundation for initializing E-FWI in complex offshore environments.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "date_submitted": "2026-02-12T05:50:20.994519+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-02-12T19:37:31.221578+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-02-12T19:37:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X58B4V",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 105954,
                    "first_name": "Adesh",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Pandey",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-0116-8238"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 105960,
                    "first_name": "Jeffrey",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Shragge",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 47259,
                    "first_name": "Aaron",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Girard",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-1455-2514"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 121205,
                    "first_name": "Ashish",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Kumar",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": "0009-0003-3327-6812"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Geophysics and Seismology"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Manuscript_geo_v1.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11759/download/21193/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 10273,
            "title": "Global hyper-resolution groundwater dataset for assessing historical and future groundwater dynamics",
            "abstract": "<p>Sustainable management of global groundwater is a key societal challenge and central to Sustainable Development Goals. To address limited observations and coarse global models, we present a global hyper-resolution dataset of monthly groundwater heads and water table depth at 30 arc-seconds (~1 km), simulated by GLOBGM, a global groundwater flow model. The data set follows ISIMIP protocols and enables comparison of impacts of climate change between sectors and models. Using ISIMIP3a inputs, groundwater dynamics is simulated for a reference period (1960–2019) to support model evaluation and attribution of observed impacts to climate variability and change. Following ISIMIP3b, historical baselines (1960–2014) and three combined socioeconomic–climate scenarios (2015–2100; SSP1-RCP2.6, SSP3-RCP7.0, SSP5-RCP8.5) are simulated with five GCMs, supporting robust detection and impact assessment of future change. Regions of reduced reliability are mapped and quality assurance flags are provided to guide appropriate use and interpretation. The dataset offers comprehensive, high resolution information to assess groundwater dynamics for past and future, supporting improved global water resource management and climate impact assessments.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "hydrology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "FAIR data sharing"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Climate Projections"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2025-09-18T11:22:16.244000+02:00",
            "date_accepted": "2025-09-18T12:19:40.155000+02:00",
            "date_published": "2025-09-18T12:19:00+02:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5QX7W",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 119390,
                    "first_name": "Barry",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "van Jaarsveld",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-5154-5922"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 10523,
                    "first_name": "Niko",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Wanders",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-7102-5454"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 120527,
                    "first_name": "Nicole",
                    "middle_name": "Gyakowah",
                    "last_name": "Otoo",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 22672,
                    "first_name": "Edwin",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Sutanudjaja",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 120528,
                    "first_name": "Jarno",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Verkaik",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 27306,
                    "first_name": "Daniel",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Zamrsky",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 16315,
                    "first_name": "Marc",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Bierkens",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Hydrology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Planetary Hydrology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Planetary Sciences"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "manuscript.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/10273/download/18970/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "earthArxiv_update.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/10273/download/21978/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 9697,
            "title": "Assessing uncertainty in source rock properties using Monte Carlo basin modeling: Application to the Canning Basin, Australia",
            "abstract": "<p>This study presents a Monte Carlo basin modeling framework for quantifying uncertainty in source rock property predictions by integrating geological, geophysical, and geochemical inputs. The approach accounts for variability in petrological parameters from rock physics inversion, paleo-erosion magnitudes, organic facies properties, and boundary conditions to simulate source rock properties such as vitrinite reflectance, transformation ratio, temperature, and pore pressure. Application to the Goldwyer III unit in the Canning Basin, Australia, reveals that the source rock is within the oil to wet gas window, with substantial but incomplete transformation in the studied well locations. Sensitivity analysis identifies Cretaceous erosion and heat flow as the dominant controls on thermal maturity, while the transformation ratio is also strongly influenced by the hydrocarbon generation kinetics model. Comparison with rock physics inversion and Tmax-based maturity calculations demonstrates that Monte Carlo basin modeling significantly reduces uncertainty by incorporating geological constraints and process-based modeling. This integrated framework improves the reliability of source rock property assessments and offers a valuable tool for exploration risk reduction.</p>\n<p>This manuscript has been accepted for publication in Marine Geoscience and Energy Resources. The title of this manuscript has been updated to match the published journal version. Please cite the published version:</p>\n<p>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marger.2026.207657</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Uncertainty quantification"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Monte Carlo simulation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Basin and Petroleum System modeling;"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Unconventional shale;"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Thermal maturity;"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Source rock properties;"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Canning Basin"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2025-07-21T20:48:07.239000+02:00",
            "date_accepted": "2025-07-23T23:39:02.549000+02:00",
            "date_published": "2025-07-23T23:38:00+02:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marger.2026.207657",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5DN0P",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 110519,
                    "first_name": "Jiayuan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Huang",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 12187,
                    "first_name": "Tapan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Mukerji",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Applied Statistics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geochemistry"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geophysics and Seismology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Oil, Gas, and Energy"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Risk Analysis"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Statistics and Probability"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Stratigraphy"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Huang_MCBM.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/9697/download/18037/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Huang_MCBM.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/9697/download/18039/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Huang_MCBM_v2.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/9697/download/21995/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12361,
            "title": "Decadal Evolution of Supraglacial Hydrology on the Nivlisen Ice Shelf: From Localized Ponding to Spatially Synchronized Hydrofracture Forcing (2015-2026)",
            "abstract": "<p>Understanding the mechanical response of Antarctic ice shelves to surface meltwater is critical for evaluating their structural stability. This study presents 11 austral summer seasons (AS 2015-2016 to AS 2025-2026) assessment of supraglacial melt pond dynamics and their mechanical implications for the Nivlisen Ice Shelf grounding zone using Landsat-8/9 imagery combined with in-situ validation from the 44th Indian Scientific Expedition to Antarctica (ISEA-44). Supraglacial melt pond depths were retrieved from multispectral imagery and integrated into an Euler–Bernoulli flexural framework to estimate bending stresses, hydrostatic forcing, and the resulting stress intensity factors (Ktotal) across a network of ten major ponds. Two prominent hydrological events were identified: an extreme localized ponding episode in 2017 (maximum depth 6.92 m) and a spatially extensive meltwater event in January 2026 characterized by high thickness normalized energy (En = 97.81 MJ m⁻¹). Field validation using a Keller DCX-22 pressure transducer indicates that satellite retrievals underestimate pond depth by approximately 27.6% due to spatial averaging within 30 m pixels over concave pond bathymetry. Despite this conservative bias, calculated stress intensities reach up to 0.61 MPa m¹ᐟ², exceeding the commonly reported fracture toughness range for glacier ice (0.1-0.4 MPa m¹ᐟ²). These results suggest that episodic supraglacial melt ponding can generate stress conditions favorable for hydrofracture initiation in the Nivlisen grounding zone sector. The study demonstrates the value of combining long-term satellite observations with field validation to assess the evolving mechanical vulnerability of Antarctic ice shelves.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "East Antarctica"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Nivlisen Ice Shelf"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Hydrofracture"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Supraglacial melt pond"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Stress intensity factor"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-27T05:01:57.339880+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-27T14:18:41.212963+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-27T14:18:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5ZV13",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 26506,
                    "first_name": "Geetha Priya",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "M",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-8196-0753"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134020,
                    "first_name": "Charu Prabha",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "R P",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134021,
                    "first_name": "Y",
                    "middle_name": "Mallikarjuna",
                    "last_name": "Madhav",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134022,
                    "first_name": "Adithya",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Sunil",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134023,
                    "first_name": "Raina",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Bharathi",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134024,
                    "first_name": "Deva Jefflin",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "A R",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Computational Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Materials Science and Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Mechanical Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "hydro_manuscriptfinal_05.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12361/download/22090/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "hydro_manuscriptfinal_05.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12361/download/22121/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "hydro_manuscriptfinal_05.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12361/download/22122/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "ssrn-6487272.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12361/download/22141/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 11761,
            "title": "A quantitative assessment of the reliability and feasibility of process-based urban stormwater quality models: Towards new evaluation criteria",
            "abstract": "Hydrologic models have been increasingly used as a numerical tool to support urban stormwater management. Evaluation of modeling approaches helps identify the strength and weakness of a model to meet end-user requirements. However, traditional model evaluations only focus on the technical performance of a model, whereas very few studies have been conducted to quantitatively evaluate practical constraints for model applications. Therefore, this study proposed a quantitative model evaluation framework, to analyze tradeoffs between scientific reliability and practical feasibility of four process-based urban stormwater quality models. These models were based on different levels of spatial discretization, including lumped, sub-catchment, UHE and grid based approaches; test simulations were applied to an urban catchment near Paris. Six criteria were introduced to quantitatively assess the characteristics of modeling approaches, including (1) match to observation, (2) forecast accuracy, (3) forecast variability, (4) data accessibility, (5) computational costs, and (6) model reusability. The results showed that the lumped model was the best tradeoff between scientific reliability and practical feasibility for the study case. Moreover, the greater spatially distributed exponential build-up/wash-off processes from the lumped to sub-catchment based model could only improve the numerical approximation of simulations to observations at the outlet, but performed much less well in other scientific reliability aspects. Which implies that these processes may not properly represent mechanisms for stormwater quality dynamics at the catchment scale. In addition, it was suggested that complex grid based models should work together with advanced parameter calibration approaches, in order to achieve good scientific reliability for research purposes. In perspective, quantitative evaluation of the stakeholder participation throughout the modeling processes could help to improve model-based outcomes with more adaptive stakeholder engagement.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC-BY Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY-NC-SA 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nBY-NC-SA Compatible License means a license listed at creativecommons.org/compatiblelicenses, approved by Creative Commons as essentially the equivalent of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicense Elements means the license attributes listed in the name of a Creative Commons Public License. The License Elements of this Public License are Attribution, NonCommercial, and ShareAlike.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nAdditional offer from the Licensor – Adapted Material. Every recipient of Adapted Material from You automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Adapted Material under the conditions of the Adapter’s License You apply.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nShareAlike.\r\nIn addition to the conditions in Section 3(a), if You Share Adapted Material You produce, the following conditions also apply.\r\n\r\nThe Adapter’s License You apply must be a Creative Commons license with the same License Elements, this version or later, or a BY-NC-SA Compatible License.\r\nYou must include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, the Adapter's License You apply. You may satisfy this condition in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, Adapted Material that restrict exercise of the rights granted under the Adapter's License You apply.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material, including for purposes of Section 3(b); and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Urban stormwater quality management"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Process-based modeling"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Reliability and Feasibility"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Quantitative evaluation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "SWMM"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-02-12T08:05:40.880360+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-02-13T01:18:22.035177+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-02-13T01:18:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5MN3P",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 130250,
                    "first_name": "YI",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "HONG",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-3122-0172"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130251,
                    "first_name": "Damien",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Tedoldi",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130252,
                    "first_name": "Saja",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Al Ali",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130253,
                    "first_name": "Celine",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Bonhomme",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130254,
                    "first_name": "Fabrice",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Rodriguez",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130255,
                    "first_name": "Ghassan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Chebbo",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Hong_manuscrit_VF.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11761/download/21195/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "hong_manuscrit_vfa.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11761/download/21230/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12276,
            "title": "MJO Phase-Response Diagnostic Skill Reflects Convective Regime Contingency Beyond Coupling Strength Across Tropical Sites",
            "abstract": "MJO phase composites are the standard tool for building tropical rainfall diagnostic frameworks. The coupling strength between the MJO phase and local rainfall is routinely used to justify their application. Whether coupling strength alone guarantees diagnostic skill — or whether the nature of the underlying convective regime is the additional governing condition — has not been examined. We introduce CPAdry, the Conditional Probability Anomaly for strongly suppressive MJO phases, and evaluate it across seven tropical sites spanning the Indo-Pacific and tropical Africa. Where the MJO exerts direct convective envelope control — Darwin (η² = 7.5%) and Dili (η² = 6.7%) — CPAdry achieves robust precursor skill at 5–15 day lead times (AUC 0.69–0.76). Where remote teleconnections govern, or where MJO-rainfall coupling is structurally absent, skill is negligible regardless of coupling magnitude. The sharpest demonstration is Colombo — the strongest-coupled site (η² = 11.2%) — which yields AUC indistinguishable from random (0.50). Coupling strength is necessary but insufficient. Convective regime contingency is the additional governing condition. These results formalise the active-versus-passive modulation principle: CPAdry detects failures of direct local MJO inhibition but not the absence of remotely modulated convective enhancement. This asymmetry holds within individual sites — suppression failure AUC 0.69–0.76, enhancement failure AUC 0.52–0.55 — and is structural: a designed regime-conditioning falsification test failed to recover wet-phase skill (the best conditioned AUC was 0.569, with the remaining AUCs 0.06 below the rolling baseline). A coupling–contingency threshold near η² ≈ 5–6% demarcates the transition from direct-envelope-passage to remote-teleconnection regimes. Below it, skill collapses to chance level regardless of coupling magnitude. Independent Bureau of Meteorology gauge validation at Darwin corroborates and modestly strengthens all reanalysis-derived estimates. Projected changes in MJO amplitude, propagation speed, and Maritime Continent barrier penetration under warming are likely to shift this threshold geographically — making the η² ≈ 5–6% boundary condition a practical benchmark for monitoring the climate-driven evolution of MJO diagnostic utility.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Madden-Julian Oscillation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Phase-Response Diagnostics"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Active-Passive Modulation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Coupling-Contingency"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Conditional Probability Anomaly"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Maritime Continent"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Subseasonal Forecasting"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-23T09:34:52.683175+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-26T15:13:53.648503+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-26T15:13:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5HR11",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 132106,
                    "first_name": "Pochender",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Shenigarapu",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": "0009-0001-2810-5336"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133744,
                    "first_name": "Sanjeeva",
                    "middle_name": "Rayudu",
                    "last_name": "Ekkaluri",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "MJO paper for submission r1.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12276/download/21983/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12075,
            "title": "GEOCHEMICAL DIAGNOSTICS OF COAL GENOTYPES: METHOD, CALIBRATION, AND BASIN TYPOLOGY",
            "abstract": "This study presents a geochemical method for discriminating coal types based on vitrinite maceral composition (telinite vs. collinite), using trace element ratios normalized to a reference aluminum content of 1.5%. Analysis of 146 samples from 13 coal basins demonstrates that conventional geochemical proxies (V/Ni, Ni/Co, U/Th, V/Cr) are unreliable for paleoenvironmental interpretation, whereas intra-basin calibration with 5–7 petrographically characterized samples achieves &gt;94% accuracy in distinguishing coal facies formed under oxidizing versus reducing conditions. The method is validated on independent datasets from the USA, Turkey, Norway, and China (&gt;200 samples). Twelve geochemical basin types are identified, including a newly recognized Marine Li-B type characterized by elevated critical metals (Li, B, Sr) associated with marine-influenced depositional environments. For As-rich basins, V/As normalization is proposed; for high-Al basins (e.g., North China), normalization to Si is recommended. A two-stage approach combining local petrographic calibration with geochemical screening reduces exploration costs by 85–90%. The study contributes to coal facies analysis, critical metal resource assessment (Li, V, Sr), and provides recommendations for updating ICCP, ASTM, and ISO standards.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "coal macerals"
                },
                {
                    "word": " vitrinite types"
                },
                {
                    "word": " telinite"
                },
                {
                    "word": " collinite"
                },
                {
                    "word": " coal facies"
                },
                {
                    "word": " paleoenvironment"
                },
                {
                    "word": " trace elements"
                },
                {
                    "word": " V/Al ratio"
                },
                {
                    "word": " U/Th ratio"
                },
                {
                    "word": " V/Cr ratio"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Sr/Ba ratio"
                },
                {
                    "word": " critical metals"
                },
                {
                    "word": " lithium in coal"
                },
                {
                    "word": " vanadium geochemistry"
                },
                {
                    "word": " rare elements in coal"
                },
                {
                    "word": " coal quality"
                },
                {
                    "word": " coal oxidation"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Marine Li-B type"
                },
                {
                    "word": " geochemical proxies"
                },
                {
                    "word": " coal basins"
                },
                {
                    "word": " ICCP classification"
                },
                {
                    "word": " ASTM standards"
                },
                {
                    "word": " ISO standards"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-08T17:43:30.753425+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-10T10:14:20.203361+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-10T10:14:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5CJ3G",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 131997,
                    "first_name": "Olga",
                    "middle_name": "N.",
                    "last_name": "Shagarova",
                    "salutation": "Mrs",
                    "orcid": "0009-0007-8195-5827"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Shagarova_GEOCHEMICAL_DIAGNOSTICS_OF_COAL.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12075/download/21661/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 11763,
            "title": "Extraction and re-implementation of SWAT-Model calculations under the MAELIA platform in order to simulate the socio-environmental impacts of norms",
            "abstract": "MAELIA (Multi-Agent for EnvironmentaL norms Impact Assesment) is an agent-based simulation platform designed to assess the impact of alternative water management policies at the watershed level. It simulates interactions between human activities (agricultural, domestic and industrial withdrawals, regulations of water uses) and ecological processes (crop growth, plant evapotranspiration and water flow). To simulate the water cycles at the sub-watershed level, the representations of hydrological processes in SWAT are analysed and re-implemented in MAELIA. \nIn this paper, we discussed some of the design choices, simplifications (e.g. overland flow, soil temperature, perched water table and bypass flow are not simulated) and modifications (e.g. different methods of generating HRUs, elevation bands, snow water are calculated in the sub-basin loops etc.) we made in order to integrate SWAT hydrological formalisms: surface-runoff, soil water, snow water, groundwater, evapotranspiration and water-routing. Otherwise, MAELIA use some specific processes for simulating crops growth (Jeud’O model), weather generator (SAFRAN model) and water management (Multi-agents). The MAELIA platform was tested on a 6000 km2 watershed at the upstream part of Adour-Garonne-Basin in south-west of France for a 10-years period (2000-2009). The results show that the MAELIA platform reasonably reproduces stream flow hydrograph for a long-term simulation, the effects of water management restrictions are well represented, especially during the low-water periods. Sensibility analysis shows that some parameters in MAELIA are less influential comparing with SWAT model (base-flow and soil properties parameters). The MAELIA platform is a promising agent-based, real-time model for simulating the impacts of water management policies including human behaviour and economical aspects.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC-By Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce and reproduce, but not Share, Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material, You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, You do not have permission under this Public License to Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only and provided You do not Share Adapted Material;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "SWAT model"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Water Cycle"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Agent based Modeling"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-02-12T08:34:53.330531+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-02-13T01:21:48.648142+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-02-13T01:21:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5GT9F",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 130250,
                    "first_name": "YI",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "HONG",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-3122-0172"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130257,
                    "first_name": "Jose Miguel",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Sanchez Perez",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130258,
                    "first_name": "Sabine",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Sauvage",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130259,
                    "first_name": "Olivier",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Therond",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "JournalMAELIA_Hong_VF.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11763/download/21196/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "journalmaelia_hong_vfa.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11763/download/21231/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12373,
            "title": "No place to hide? Regional resilience and vulnerability to global catastrophic risk",
            "abstract": "<p>What places on Earth are most resilient to global catastrophic risk (GCR)? We provide the first systematic study of what locations are more resilient to a range of catastrophic threats. We reviewed the literature on resilience factors against the impacts of nuclear war, near-Earth objects, large-magnitude volcanic eruptions, large-scale cyberattacks, high altitude electromagnetic pulse, geomagnetic storms and pandemics. The review reveals that there is no place on Earth which is resilient against all kinds of global catastrophic risk. Australia and New Zealand show broad-based resilience across the widest range of GCR scenarios, but even for these resilient countries, continued international cooperation and trade are essential. Across the different risks, common resilience factors that show up most are geographic isolation (e.g., islands or nations able to enforce tight border controls), self-sufficiency (especially in food production), high governance quality (for instance, more democratic and lower inequality) and decentralization to mitigate single point catastrophic failures (e.g., impacting trade, energy systems, or food supply). Many of these factors stand in tension with each other and trade-offs are required to balance between different GCR scenarios and between a higher resilience against the immediate impacts or against the longer-term consequences. The literature suggests that increased GCR resilience requires more investment in preparation (e.g., food and energy security), planning (e.g., national risk assessments and emergency plans robust to global catastrophes), and international agreements that facilitate cooperation on preparation and GCR response. Combining all of these together into a general all-hazards approach will help ensure that no matter what hazard strikes, resilience exists at every scale.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Global Catastrophic Risk"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Nuclear War"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Pandemic"
                },
                {
                    "word": "HEMP"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Volcanic Eruption"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Near Earth Object"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Geomagnetic Storm"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Abrupt Sunlight Reduction Scenario"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Global Catastrophic Infrastructure Loss"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Global catastrophic biological risk"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Resilience"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Vulnerability"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-27T15:47:03.864892+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-27T17:08:44.129428+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-27T17:08:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X56B60",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 133277,
                    "first_name": "Florian",
                    "middle_name": "Ulrich",
                    "last_name": "Jehn",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134058,
                    "first_name": "Maximilian",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Rössler",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 91750,
                    "first_name": "Luke",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Kemp",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 35400,
                    "first_name": "Mike",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Cassidy",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134059,
                    "first_name": "Zachary",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Kallenborn",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 84658,
                    "first_name": "Juan",
                    "middle_name": "Bartolomé",
                    "last_name": "García Martínez",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 118896,
                    "first_name": "Lara",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Mani",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134060,
                    "first_name": "Matt",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Boyd",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Agriculture"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Studies"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Food Science"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Forest Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geography"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Public Health"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Global Catastrophic Risk Resilience.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12373/download/22097/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Global Catastrophic Risk Resilience.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12373/download/22142/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "global-catastrophic-risk-resilience2.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12373/download/22146/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/allfed/gcr-resilience-map",
                    "label": "Code and Data Repository"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 12078,
            "title": "Bridging Natural Language and Desktop GIS Automation with LLM-Powered GIS Plugins",
            "abstract": "Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are indispensable for spatial analysis and remote sensing, but still, scripting interfaces that enable automation (ArcPy, PyQGIS, and SNAP GPT) impose a steep technical barrier on domain scientists who are not software developers. We present GIS~Chat, an open-source suite of three plugins that embed a Large Language Model (LLM) chat panel directly inside ArcGIS Pro, QGIS, and ESA SNAP Desktop. The user describes a desired operation in natural language; the plugin supplies five workspace contexts (open layers, bands, coordinate reference systems, selections) to the LLM, which generates and executes the corresponding platform-specific code through a tool-calling mechanism. As of version 1.1, GIS Chat integrates with Google Earth Engine (GEE), enabling users to query, process, and download satellite imagery and geospatial datasets directly from the chat panel without writing any GEE Python code. GIS Chat supports five LLM back-ends - including Google's Gemini and Ollama, whose adoption requires no paid subscription. By covering major desktop GIS/remote-sensing platforms with a single architectural pattern, GIS Chat lowers the entry barrier for non-programmers and thus aspires to provide a consistent conversational workflow regardless of the underlying software.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "large language model"
                },
                {
                    "word": " geographic information system"
                },
                {
                    "word": " natural language interface"
                },
                {
                    "word": " remote sensing"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Google Earth Engine"
                },
                {
                    "word": " QGIS"
                },
                {
                    "word": " ArcGIS"
                },
                {
                    "word": "geographic information system"
                },
                {
                    "word": "natural language interface"
                },
                {
                    "word": "remote sensing"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Google Earth Engine"
                },
                {
                    "word": "QGIS"
                },
                {
                    "word": "ArcGIS"
                },
                {
                    "word": "ESA SNAP"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-09T00:33:44.611181+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-09T01:04:01.753321+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-09T01:03:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X54Z09",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 26683,
                    "first_name": "Fehér",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Zsolt Zoltán",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Other Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Software Engineering"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Feher_2026_GISChat_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12078/download/21664/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 11767,
            "title": "End-to-End Differentiable Auto-Calibration of a Distributed Glacio-Hydrological Model Using Physically Consistent Routing",
            "abstract": "Distributed glacio-hydrological models are essential for simulating runoff processes in glacier-fed Himalayan basins, yet their application is often constrained by extensive data requirements, high computational costs, and reliance on manual, trial-and-error calibration. Recent auto-calibration approaches using stochastic optimization or machine learning have shown promise, but they frequently suffer from limited physical interpretability, high computational demand, or the absence of physically con-sistent routing formulations, restricting their applicability to spatially distributed models. In this study, we present an end-to-end differentiable, gradient-based auto-calibration framework for the PCRaster-based PyGDM glacio-hydrological model. The framework integrates a physically consistent, mass-conserving routing scheme based on an eight-direction flow network, im-plemented in TensorFlow and optimized using Accelerated Linear Algebra (XLA). This formulation enables gradient propa-gation through all hydrological processes, including surface runoff generation, subsurface flow, and river routing, allowing simultaneous calibration of spatially and temporally varying parameters directly from discharge observations. Spatially distrib-uted subsurface parameters and monthly varying surface and cryospheric parameters are optimized using automatic differenti-ation and constrained within physically meaningful ranges through sigmoid-based reparameterization. To address the lack of spatial discharge observations, a flow-accumulation-based pseudo-observed discharge field is constructed to support spatially distributed calibration. The framework is evaluated in the glacier-fed Bheri Basin, Nepal, and benchmarked against a manually calibrated PyGDM simulation. Results demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms manual calibration, achieving higher predictive skill during both calibration (NSE = 0.85; VD = −6.56) and validation (NSE = 0.86; VD = −0.06) periods, while requiring substantially reduced human intervention. The learned parameters exhibit coherent spatial, elevation-depend-ent, land-use-specific, and seasonal patterns that remain physically interpretable and consistent with hydrological understanding of Himalayan catchments. The study demonstrates that fully differentiable, physically constrained routing is critical for robust end-to-end calibration of distributed hydrological models. The proposed framework offers a scalable, computationally efficient, and physically interpretable solution for auto-calibration in data-limited, glacier-fed basins, with broad applicability to high-resolution hydrological modeling and climate impact assessments.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Differentiable hydrological modeling"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Distributed glacio-hydrological modeling"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Auto-calibration"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Hydrological parameter estimation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Physically consistent routing"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-02-12T13:26:06.340396+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-02-14T08:43:10.247477+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-02-13T11:45:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5QB58",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 48707,
                    "first_name": "Dinesh",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Joshi",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 48717,
                    "first_name": "Rijan",
                    "middle_name": "Bhakta",
                    "last_name": "Kayastha",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 48718,
                    "first_name": "Kundan",
                    "middle_name": "Lal",
                    "last_name": "Shrestha",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Engineering"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11767/download/21209/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12301,
            "title": "Agricultural expansion and intensification in Brazil: A literature synthesis of dynamics, drivers, and implications",
            "abstract": "Brazil’s long-term agricultural development reflects a complex interplay between human-driven land-use change and natural ecosystems. Since the 1960s, agricultural production in Brazil has expanded rapidly, driven by global food demand and national economic growth, through two primary pathways: (1) agricultural expansion via conversion of natural vegetation, particularly forests, and (2) agricultural intensification through increased cropping frequency, adoption of agrochemicals, high-yielding crop varieties, and improved livestock breeding. While these processes have substantially increased food production, they have also generated significant environmental consequences, including deforestation, biodiversity loss, carbon emissions, soil degradation, and water pollution. In the context of a growing global population, rising global food demand, and climate change, reconciling agricultural productivity with environmental sustainability remains a critical challenge. This paper synthesizes the existing literature to examine the dynamics, drivers, and environmental implications of agricultural expansion and intensification in Brazil, providing insights to support the development of more sustainable agricultural systems.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Agricultural expansion"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Agricultural intensification"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Land use change"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Brazil"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Socioeconomic drivers"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Deforestation"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-24T04:27:54.450066+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-24T14:05:55.938532+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-24T14:05:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5T76J",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 133809,
                    "first_name": "Haijun",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Li",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Studies"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geographic Information Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geography"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Human Geography"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Nature and Society Relations"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Other Geography"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical and Environmental Geography"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Remote Sensing"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Social and Behavioral Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Spatial Science"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Haijun Li - Agricultural expansion and intensification in Brazil.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12301/download/22006/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Haijun Li - Agricultural expansion and intensification in Brazil.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12301/download/22007/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12253,
            "title": "Spectral signatures in satellite soil moisture reveal irrigation patterns across the contiguous United States",
            "abstract": "Irrigation profoundly alters the terrestrial water cycle, yet its spatial distribution and temporal variability remain poorly constrained. Here, we introduce a new approach to detect irrigation in space based on spectral differences between modelled and satellite-observed soil moisture time series. Using wavelet decomposition, we isolate irrigation-induced variability at sub-annual scales by comparing Noah–MP simulations with and without irrigation. We then analyse differences between Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) soil moisture retrievals and model simulations without irrigation to identify irrigated areas.\nWe apply this method over the Contiguous United States (CONUS) for the period 2010–2023. Results show that irrigation enhances the power of seasonal and sub-seasonal spectral components of soil moisture, enabling identification of irrigated and non-irrigated areas when comparing observed and modelled soil moisture. Comparison with LGRIP30, an irrigation dataset for the United States, shows moderate-to-good agreement in the spatial patterns of irrigation. Major irrigated regions across CONUS largely coincide with those identified in LGRIP30, while discrepancies increase in areas with weaker irrigation signals or dense vegetation.\nThe resulting SMOS-derived irrigation map suggests spatial patterns of irrigated areas that differ from those represented in static reference maps such as LGRIP30. When used to constrain Noah–MP simulations, SMOS-derived irrigation map highlights alternative irrigation distributions that better reflect actual irrigation spatial patterns and water use.\nOur method provides a scalable, all-weather pathway to detect where irrigation occurs, offering new observational constraints for representing irrigation in land and Earth-system models.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-20T16:43:17.558943+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-21T15:24:09.103328+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-21T15:23:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5C754",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 133622,
                    "first_name": "Christian",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Massari",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-0983-1276"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133623,
                    "first_name": "Sara",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Modanesi",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133624,
                    "first_name": "Zdenko",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Heyvaert",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133625,
                    "first_name": "Louise",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Busschaert",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133626,
                    "first_name": "Pierre",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Laluet",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133627,
                    "first_name": "Martina",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Natali",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133628,
                    "first_name": "Jacopo",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Dari",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133629,
                    "first_name": "Luca",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Brocca",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133630,
                    "first_name": "Wouter",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Dorigo",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 28508,
                    "first_name": "Clement",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Albergel",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133631,
                    "first_name": "Gabrielle",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "De Lannoy",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Hydrology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Massari_et_al_main_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12253/download/21950/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/ifhpma43wz0jxn7invrcp/Massari_et_al_SI.pdf?rlkey=42hpblx84lyo9olvhzua6clt4&dl=0",
                    "label": "Supplementary File"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 12468,
            "title": "Multidisciplinary perspectives on Shishaldin Volcano: an open-system, deforming volcano",
            "abstract": "The integration of multidisciplinary data across multiple eruptions is essential to improve our understanding of a volcanic system. Shishaldin Volcano is one of the most active volcanoes in Alaska, with several reported eruptions over the last 300 years. We synthesize multidisciplinary datasets going back to 1997 and focus our analyses on the 2014–2015, 2019–2020, and 2023 eruptive periods. We find pronounced periods of volcanic tremor, long-period and volcano-tectonic seismicity; thermal anomalies with a radiative power ranging from 10 to 1000MW; 1–2°C increase in the median, low-pass filtered thermal anomaly; SO₂ emission rates ranging from 30 to 287 kt/year; and previously unrecognized surface deformation that includes two episodes of ∼1 cm/year inflation preceding the 2014–2015 and the 2019–2020 eruptions, and deflation prior to, during, and after the 2023 eruption in the GNSS records. The new ground-based geodetic observations allow us to refine previous interpretations of the magmatic plumbing system. Borehole tilt records are best explained by a shallow, 1–1.5 km long conduit centered at sea level with a radius of 150 m. From the GNSS records, we find a pressurized sphere between 2 and 4 km below sea level (bsl) depth, and a 10 km long conduit centered at ∼6 km bsl depth as the most probable inflation and deflation sources, respectively. We propose that the observed seismicity at a nearby fault system can be explained by magma/fluid flow among our resolved magma sources, that modulate the local stress field. We integrate these models and observations into a conceptual magma system model, building upon previous findings for Shishaldin Volcano.",
            "license": {
                "name": "No Creative Commons license",
                "short_name": "No CC license",
                "text": "This option allows you to opt out of adding a Creative Commons license to your submission.",
                "url": "https://escholarship.org"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Shishaldin Volcano"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Multidisciplinary synthesis"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Open-system deforming volcano"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Magma system model"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Volcano Monitoring"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-04-02T20:30:11.328748+02:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-04-03T00:16:20.298013+02:00",
            "date_published": "2026-04-03T00:16:00+02:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-026-01970-0",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5DR13",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 134441,
                    "first_name": "Mario",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Angarita",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 7508,
                    "first_name": "Ronni",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Grapenthin",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-4926-2162"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134443,
                    "first_name": "Darren",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Tan",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134444,
                    "first_name": "Pablo",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Saunders-Shultz",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134445,
                    "first_name": "Társilo",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Girona",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134446,
                    "first_name": "Revathy",
                    "middle_name": "M.",
                    "last_name": "Parameswaran",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134447,
                    "first_name": "Taryn",
                    "middle_name": "M.",
                    "last_name": "Lopez",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134448,
                    "first_name": "Pavel",
                    "middle_name": "E.",
                    "last_name": "Izbekov",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134052,
                    "first_name": "David",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Fee",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-0936-9977"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134449,
                    "first_name": "Vanesa",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Burgos",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134450,
                    "first_name": "Jamshid",
                    "middle_name": "A.",
                    "last_name": "Moshrefzadeh",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134451,
                    "first_name": "Tara",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Shreve",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134452,
                    "first_name": "Jessica",
                    "middle_name": "F.",
                    "last_name": "Larsen",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Geophysics and Seismology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Volcanology"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Multidisciplinary_Shishaldin_synthesis_accepted.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12468/download/22247/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "SI_Multidisciplinary_Shishaldin_synthesis_accepted.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12468/download/22248/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Multidisciplinary_Shishaldin_synthesis_accepted_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12468/download/22249/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 11742,
            "title": "HyGage: Solving the Hysteresis Puzzle with a New Streamflow Monitoring Method",
            "abstract": "<p>The questionable reliability of discharges obtained using the traditional stage–discharge method under gradually varied flow conditions continues to motivate the search for improved monitoring approaches that support water resources management, streamflow forecasting, and multipurpose scientific investigations related to the water cycle. This paper introduces HyGage, a new physically based monitoring method grounded in the governing equations of spatiotemporal, gradually varied, shallow open channel flow. The methodology integrates measurement elements commonly employed in the index velocity and slope area methods within a unified analytical framework, enabling real time discharge estimation in both steady and gradually varied flows without relying on the semi empirical techniques of the past. The performance of HyGage is evaluated by comparing its discharge estimates with those obtained from established methods. Unlike conventional approaches, HyGage is not built around any specific instrument; instead, it can flexibly incorporate combinations of immersed, close range, and remote sensing measurements through seamless integration.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "gradually-varied flows"
                },
                {
                    "word": " streamflow monitoring"
                },
                {
                    "word": " stage-discharge rating"
                },
                {
                    "word": " index-velocity method"
                },
                {
                    "word": " slope-area method"
                },
                {
                    "word": " hybrid gaging method (HyGage)"
                },
                {
                    "word": "streamflow monitoring"
                },
                {
                    "word": "stage-discharge rating"
                },
                {
                    "word": "index-velocity method"
                },
                {
                    "word": "slope-area method"
                },
                {
                    "word": "hybrid gaging method (HyGage)"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-02-11T03:17:08.707756+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-02-12T16:26:56.235670+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-02-12T16:26:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5HT9R",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 26123,
                    "first_name": "Marian",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Muste",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 37193,
                    "first_name": "Kyeongdong",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Kim",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130154,
                    "first_name": "Alexandre",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Hauet",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130155,
                    "first_name": "Christophe",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Rousseau",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 107393,
                    "first_name": "Emma",
                    "middle_name": "Christine",
                    "last_name": "House",
                    "salutation": "Ms",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 37194,
                    "first_name": "Ehab",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Meselhe",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 96548,
                    "first_name": "Ibrahim",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Demir",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "HyGage paper_manuscript.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11742/download/21173/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "HyGage paper_manuscript_V02.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11742/download/21218/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "hygage-paper_manuscript_v02a.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11742/download/21219/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 6970,
            "title": "A hybrid approach to enhance streamflow simulation in data-constrained Himalayan basins: Combining the Glacio-Hydrological Degree-Day Model and Recurrent Neural Networks",
            "abstract": "<p>The Glacio-hydrological Degree-day Model (GDM) is a distributed model but prone to uncertainties due to its conceptual nature, parameter estimation, and limited data in the Himalayan basins. To enhance accuracy without sacrificing interpretability, we propose a hybrid model, GDM-RNNs, combining GDM with Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs). Three RNN types (Simple RNN, GRU, LSTM) are integrated with the GDM. Rather than directly predicting streamflow, RNNs forecast GDM's residual errors. We assessed performance across different data availability scenarios, with promising results. In limited data conditions (one year), GDM-RNNs (GDM-SimpleRNN, GDM-LSTM, GDM-GRU) outperformed standalone GDM and machine learning models. For GDM-SimpleRNN, NSE, R2, and PBIAS were 0.85, 0.82, and -6.21, for GDM-LSTM 0.86, 0.79, and -6.37, and for GDM-GRU 0.85, 0.8, and -5.64, compared to GDM's 0.80, 0.63, and -4.78, respectively. Machine learning models yielded similar results, with SimpleRNN at 0.81, 0.7, and -16.6, LSTM at 0.79, 0.65, and -21.42, and GRU at 0.82, 0.75, and -12.29, respectively. Our study highlights the potential of machine learning in enhancing streamflow predictions in data-scarce Himalayan basins while preserving physical stream flow mechanisms.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "hydrological modelling"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Recurrent neural networks"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Residual Error modelling"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2024-04-12T10:07:41.029000+02:00",
            "date_accepted": "2024-04-12T19:14:36.649000+02:00",
            "date_published": "2024-04-12T12:14:00+02:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-387-17-2024",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5GX1F",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 48707,
                    "first_name": "Dinesh",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Joshi",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 48717,
                    "first_name": "Rijan",
                    "middle_name": "Bhakta",
                    "last_name": "Kayastha",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 48718,
                    "first_name": "Kundan",
                    "middle_name": "Lal",
                    "last_name": "Shrestha",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 48719,
                    "first_name": "Rakesh",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Kayastha",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/6970/download/13373/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "piahs-387-17-2024 (2).pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/6970/download/21210/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1GZ07jx9Zu24mmTbluMzyK0CSnAQUsaYQ?usp=sharing",
                    "label": "Supplementary File"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 11779,
            "title": "From Data to Policy : Strengthening Essential Climate Variable Monitoring with Deep Learning Algorithms and Data Quality Standards",
            "abstract": "Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) are critical for\nunderstanding and monitoring climate systems, providing important\ndata to assess climate change and supporting policy\nformulation. This review emphasizes the importance of ensuring\ndata quality, traceability, and consistency to derive reliable\nfeatures from ECV datasets, addressing challenges such as\ntemporal and spatial coverage gaps, calibration discrepancies,\nand harmonization across diverse sources. Furthermore, we\nhighlight both the transformative potential and limits of advanced\nanalytics, including artificial intelligence (AI), in enhancing the\nmonitoring and prediction of ECVs using three case studies:\n(i) climate modeling and prediction of temperatures for planning\nscenario with machine learning, (ii) the Earth’s surface processes,\nand (iii) monitoring the Earth radiation budget. This article also explores how ECVs are integrated into global frameworks like the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) and the WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WIGOS), which establish standardized protocols for reliable and interoperable data. By\nsynthesizing advances in technology, data quality practices, and global collaboration efforts, this review underscores the importance\nof interdisciplinary approaches to bridge the gap between\nscientific knowledge and actionable climate policies.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Geodata"
                },
                {
                    "word": "ECV"
                },
                {
                    "word": "GCOS"
                },
                {
                    "word": "WIGOS"
                },
                {
                    "word": "WMO"
                },
                {
                    "word": "data quality"
                },
                {
                    "word": "FAIR"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Policymaker"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-02-12T18:17:21.843025+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-02-14T08:51:25.398147+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-02-13T11:53:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5FX95",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 47829,
                    "first_name": "Jean-Philippe",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Montillet",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 47825,
                    "first_name": "Gaël",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Kermarrec",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 47826,
                    "first_name": "Ehsan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Forootan",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 47827,
                    "first_name": "C.",
                    "middle_name": "K.",
                    "last_name": "Shum",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130335,
                    "first_name": "Shaoxing",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Mo",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 47824,
                    "first_name": "Wolfgang",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Finsterle",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130336,
                    "first_name": "Karolin",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Samsel",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "IEEE_Journal_Paper_Template_AAU.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11779/download/21227/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Montillet_preprint_coversheetadded.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11779/download/21257/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 11775,
            "title": "Effects of Groundwater Withdrawals for Water Bottling and Municipal Use, Wards Brook Valley, Maine and New Hampshire",
            "abstract": "Hydrologic models for the Wards Brook valley near Fryeburg, Maine were developed for historical (2016 – 2021) and hypothetical future conditions (2046 – 2065 and 2080 – 2099) to understand the effects of groundwater withdrawals for bottled water and municipal use on hydrologic conditions (stream base flows and groundwater levels). Analyses showed that the simulated base flows in Wards Brook were reduced because of pumping for both municipal water supplies and for water bottling, and about half of the total pumping impact on the base flows in Wards Brook was from the bottled water extraction. Simulated flows were greater than the minimum recommended streamflow of 2,180 cubic meters per day (400 gallons per minute) throughout the historical period. Simulated groundwater levels at two of three nearby ponds (Round Pond and Davis Pond) were minimally affected by pumping conditions, and effects were primarily from the municipal well closest to the ponds. \n\nSeveral estimates of future projected recharge were used to understand the potential effects of groundwater withdrawals on hydrologic conditions under multiple hypothetical climate conditions. Annual projected recharge rates in the mid- and late-21st century from two climate scenarios (stabilized greenhouse-gas emissions and high greenhouse-gas emissions) were similar to rates for 2016 – 2021. However, monthly recharge patterns for the future periods shifted toward more recharge in the winter months (December, January, and February) and less recharge in April, May, and October relative to 2016 – 2021. \n\nThe lowest mean monthly base flows from the future emission scenarios all remain larger than the minimum recommended streamflow and indicate no long-term declines in flow relative to historical conditions. However, simulated base flows during hypothetical 3-year drought scenarios declined below minimum recommended streamflow during the summer months in the stabilized- and high-emission scenarios in the mid-21st century. Although water is generally plentiful in the Wards Brook valley, reduced pumping may be needed to maintain streamflows in Wards Brook under future climate conditions similar to modeled drought scenarios. \n",
            "license": {
                "name": "No Creative Commons license",
                "short_name": "No CC license",
                "text": "This option allows you to opt out of adding a Creative Commons license to your submission.",
                "url": "https://escholarship.org"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "groundwater"
                },
                {
                    "word": "groundwater flow"
                },
                {
                    "word": "MODFLOW"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Groundwater Model"
                },
                {
                    "word": "New Hampshire"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Miane"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Fryeburg"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Saco River"
                },
                {
                    "word": "water availability"
                },
                {
                    "word": "groundwater recharge model"
                },
                {
                    "word": "soil water balance"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-02-12T15:18:30.640510+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-02-14T08:48:02.666480+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-02-13T11:50:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5KN1M",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 130325,
                    "first_name": "John",
                    "middle_name": "R.",
                    "last_name": "Mullaney",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 112095,
                    "first_name": "Janet",
                    "middle_name": "R.",
                    "last_name": "Barclay",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 126499,
                    "first_name": "Jennifer",
                    "middle_name": "S",
                    "last_name": "Stanton",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130326,
                    "first_name": "Carl",
                    "middle_name": "S",
                    "last_name": "Carlson",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130327,
                    "first_name": "Madeleine",
                    "middle_name": "J",
                    "last_name": "Holland",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Sciences"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Preprint_WardsBrook_GroundwaterWithdrawalEffects.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11775/download/21217/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://doi.org/10.5066/P1GZFYBK",
                    "label": "MODFLOW 6 datasets for a groundwater-flow model in the Saco River basin, New Hampshire and Maine"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://doi.org/10.5066/P90QS3H2",
                    "label": "Soil-Water-Balance (SWB) model archive used to simulate potential recharge with projections for future climate scenarios, Saco River Basin, Maine and New Hampshire"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 11751,
            "title": "Aerosol from the Asian monsoon ubiquitous throughout the extratropical stratosphere",
            "abstract": "Asian summer monsoon (ASM) convection efficiently transports surface emissions into the upper troposphere, leading to the formation of the Asian tropopause aerosol layer (ATAL). The ATAL can affect Earth’s climate directly by scattering solar radiation and indirectly by cloud formation. Little is known about the global distribution of aerosol originating in the ASM, particularly in the extratropical tropopause region, where the climate is sensitive to anthropogenic perturbations. Here, we present airborne aerosol composition measurements in the ASM outflow region over the North Pacific. Our analysis demonstrates the important seasonal aerosol transport from Asia into the northern lower stratosphere. Particulate ammonium nitrate and organic compounds are ubiquitous in the stratosphere with a mass concentration of up to 1 μg m−3. This is the first detection of\nammonium nitrate in the stratosphere outside the monsoon region. Together with the results from a global chemistry-climate model, we find that this northward transport of Asian aerosol is persistent from July to September, recurring yearly. The simulations suggest that particulate ammonium persists for several months, significantly affecting aerosol acidity in the lower stratosphere. This highlights the widespread impact of Asian emissions on stratospheric aerosol, with implications for ozone chemistry and the atmospheric radiation budget.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC-By Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce and reproduce, but not Share, Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material, You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, You do not have permission under this Public License to Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only and provided You do not Share Adapted Material;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "aerosol"
                },
                {
                    "word": "stratosphere"
                },
                {
                    "word": "ammonium"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Asian summer monsoon"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-02-11T16:54:41.630920+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-02-12T19:41:07.892300+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-02-12T19:41:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5RB46",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 130167,
                    "first_name": "Franziska",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Köllner",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130182,
                    "first_name": "Matthias",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Kohl",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130184,
                    "first_name": "Fatih",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Ekinci",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130185,
                    "first_name": "Oliver",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Eppers",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130187,
                    "first_name": "Johannes",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Schneider",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130189,
                    "first_name": "Antonis",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Dragoneas",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130190,
                    "first_name": "Sergej",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Molleker",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130192,
                    "first_name": "Sören",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Johansson",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130193,
                    "first_name": "Jörn",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Ungermann",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130194,
                    "first_name": "Erik",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Kretschmer",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130195,
                    "first_name": "Michael",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Höpfner",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130196,
                    "first_name": "Valentin",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Lauther",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130197,
                    "first_name": "C.",
                    "middle_name": "Michael",
                    "last_name": "Volk",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130198,
                    "first_name": "Oliver",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Appel",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130200,
                    "first_name": "Philipp",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Brauner",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130201,
                    "first_name": "Daniel",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Kunkel",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130202,
                    "first_name": "Hans-Christoph",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Lachnitt",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130204,
                    "first_name": "Heiko",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Bozem",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130206,
                    "first_name": "Franziska",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Weyland",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130207,
                    "first_name": "Nicolas",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Emig",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130209,
                    "first_name": "Linda",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Ort",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130210,
                    "first_name": "Andreas",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Zahn",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130211,
                    "first_name": "Laura",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Tomsche",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130212,
                    "first_name": "Andrea",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Pozzer",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130213,
                    "first_name": "Jos",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Lelieveld",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 17243,
                    "first_name": "Yafang",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Cheng",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130214,
                    "first_name": "Martin",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Riese",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130215,
                    "first_name": "Peter",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Hoor",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130216,
                    "first_name": "Stephan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Borrmann",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Transport_Aerosol_from_AMA_into_the_ExLS.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11751/download/21182/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 11780,
            "title": "Evaluating economic opportunities and challenges for energy recovery from methane leaks during wastewater treatment",
            "abstract": "<p>Methane leaks from wastewater treatment represent the loss of biogas that can be used to generate onsite energy, offsetting costs and improving efficiency. Here, we characterize emissions from water resource recovery facilities by compiling measurement data and calculating biogas-production normalized leak rates for facilities with anaerobic digestion. For plants where biogas data were unavailable, we developed an empirical method to estimate production using annual data from 43 facilities. However, we find notable differences in production-normalized leak rates from measurement data where biogas data was available (mean: 12% [95% CI: 8-17%], median: 8%) and those where production was empirically derived (mean: 34% [95% CI: 28-41%], median: 23%). Considering different techno-economic scenarios for leak rates and gas capturability, we find the largest 5% of facilities in the United States could recover over $100,000/year/facility in currently forgone revenue by capturing gas by capturing gas leaked at rates as low as 3%; at rates ≥25%, accrued value could reach several million dollars. We conducted a Monte Carlo simulation to determine the financial cost of methane leaks considering existing energy recovery facilities in the United States, with different scenarios for the underlying leak distribution, and find median annual loss could range from $13 million to $42 million nationwide.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC-BY Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "biogas"
                },
                {
                    "word": "wastewater treatment"
                },
                {
                    "word": "energy recovery"
                },
                {
                    "word": "techno-economics"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-02-13T00:04:43.720970+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-02-14T09:05:21.202545+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-02-13T12:06:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5B465",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 4021,
                    "first_name": "Sahar",
                    "middle_name": "Head",
                    "last_name": "El Abbadi",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130354,
                    "first_name": "Trung",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Le",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 89917,
                    "first_name": "Abigayle",
                    "middle_name": "Rose",
                    "last_name": "Hodson",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 4013,
                    "first_name": "Evan",
                    "middle_name": "David",
                    "last_name": "Sherwin",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-2180-4297"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130353,
                    "first_name": "Joaquin",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Jamieson",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130355,
                    "first_name": "Cuihong",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Song",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 118707,
                    "first_name": "Zhiyong Jason",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Ren",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 89924,
                    "first_name": "Jennifer",
                    "middle_name": "R.",
                    "last_name": "Stokes-Draut",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Engineering"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "El Abbadi 2026 - Earth ArXiv - 2026-02-12.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11780/download/21229/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "El Abbadi 2026 - Earth ArXiv - 2026-02-12.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11780/download/21314/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 7785,
            "title": "Effect of organic coatings on optical properties of black carbon aerosol: Insights from Mie theory based model simulations",
            "abstract": "<p>Black carbon (BC), play a crucial role in climate change due to their significant impact on radiative forcing. This study investigates the influence of organic carbon (OC) coatings on the optical properties of BC aerosols using Mie theory-based calculations. We have examined a range of core diameters and coating thicknesses to assess changes in both absorption and scattering cross-sections. The results reveal that coatings consistently enhance both absorption and scattering properties, with the enhancement in scattering being higher in magnitude than enhancement in absorption. The study compares the optical properties of coated BC with that of OC particle having same dimensions, showing that as the coating thickness increases, the optical behavior of the coated BC particle converges towards that of OC. The calculations for radiative forcing efficiency showed that as the coating on BC was increased, its forcing efficiency decreased, implying that organic coated BC may have a reduced radiative impact in the atmosphere.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC-BY Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Black carbon"
                },
                {
                    "word": "organic carbon"
                },
                {
                    "word": "enhancement ratio"
                },
                {
                    "word": "radiative forcing"
                },
                {
                    "word": "mie theory"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2024-09-30T23:40:03.790000+02:00",
            "date_accepted": "2024-10-02T15:59:29.650000+02:00",
            "date_published": "2024-10-02T08:59:00+02:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10666-026-10101-0",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X57D7C",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 87083,
                    "first_name": "TEJAS",
                    "middle_name": "DAMJIBHAI",
                    "last_name": "RATHOD",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 87084,
                    "first_name": "Sanjay",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Sahu",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Manuscript.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/7785/download/14735/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Eartharxiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/7785/download/14822/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Earth_.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/7785/download/17158/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Earth_Manuscript.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/7785/download/20119/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Earth_Manuscript.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/7785/download/20142/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Revised_Manuscript_Earth.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/7785/download/20155/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 11003,
            "title": "Revised History of Pleistocene Vertical Motions in NE Sicily and Southern Calabria, Italy, from 40Ar/39Ar Dating and Fault Zone Morphology",
            "abstract": "<p>Long-term rates of crustal uplift in southern Calabria and NE Sicily are incompletely understood due to limited information about the age of marine terraces at 1.0–1.3 km above sea level (asl). This study provides a new constraint on high-elevation terrace ages through integrated analysis of geochronology, stratigraphy, shoreline modeling, and fault-zone morphology. 40Ar/39Ar step-heating experiments on glass from a tuff in marine claystone of the Argille di Spadafora, NE Sicily, yield reproducible age spectra with a mean age of 0.481 ± 0.019 Ma (± 2σ). The Argille di Spadafora and equivalent marl in southern Calabria are overlain by Pleistocene marine terrace deposits, indicating the terraces are younger than 0.50 Ma. Paleoshoreline modeling at Campo Piale, southern Calabria, suggests an age of 525–590 ka for a terrace at 600–630 m asl: this is an overestimate because it assumes no fault offsets, tilting or structural warping despite geomorphic evidence for these processes. We correlate the 630-m terrace to the marine terrace at 1.0–1.3 km asl based on recognition of a relay ramp between the Cittanova and Sant’Eufemia faults, and geomorphic evidence for fault offset of the terrace. We conclude that marine terraces up to 1.0–1.3 km asl are all &lt; 0.50 Ma, roughly half the widely cited estimate of 1.0 ± 0.2 Ma. The revised age suggests an average uplift rate of &gt; 2.5 mm/y for the highest terrace, and variable throw rates up to 1.0 mm/y on normal faults that cut the terraces.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC-BY Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Calabria"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Pleistocene"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Marine terraces"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Ar/Ar geochronology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Normal faults"
                },
                {
                    "word": "regional uplift"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2025-12-02T19:21:36.094000+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2025-12-03T22:22:10.219000+01:00",
            "date_published": "2025-12-03T22:22:00+01:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2025TC009008",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X57N04",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 5200,
                    "first_name": "Rebecca",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Dorsey",
                    "salutation": "Prof.",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 125717,
                    "first_name": "Gianfranco",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Di Vincenzo",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 125718,
                    "first_name": "Marco",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Meschis",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 24199,
                    "first_name": "Sergio",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Longhitano",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 125719,
                    "first_name": "William",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Cavazza",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 125720,
                    "first_name": "Domenico",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Chiarella",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Stratigraphy"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Tectonics and Structure"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Dorsey etal Calabria EarthArXiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11003/download/20105/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 11110,
            "title": "Infiltration drives a Heavy–Tailed Distribution of Combined Sewer Overflow Spill Durations",
            "abstract": "<p>Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) discharge untreated wastewater into natural water bodies during periods of excess sewer flow, posing environmental risks. Using ~ 4 million CSO spill events recorded by Event Duration Monitors across England (2020–2024), we characterize the statistical distribution of spill durations. We find that while spills exceeding four hours represent only 6.4 % of events, they account for 78.2 % of total spill time, suggesting a disproportionate environmental impact. Formal likelihood ratio tests indicate that this heavy-tailed distribution is well described by a stretched exponential model with a shape parameter of 0.18, a result that is consistent for data from different Water &amp; Sewerage Companies. The fitted model shows periodic residuals correlated with diurnal fluctuations in domestic water use. Hydraulic modelling reproduces the observed heavy tail only when groundwater infiltration is included, suggesting that long-duration spills are primarily driven by infiltration rather than exceptional precipitation events. We further show that the observed scaling can be approximated by the first passage times of a sewer head time-series modelled as fractional Brownian motion. Given the outsized influence of long-duration spills, we recommend explicitly incorporating tail behavior into hydraulic model calibration. We propose the use of the parameters of the stretched exponential distribution as metrics for this calibration and for assessing CSO performance more widely.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Sewage Pollution"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Heavy tailed distributions"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Stretched Exponential"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Event Duration Monitoring"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Combined Sewer Overflows"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2025-12-10T18:18:15.629000+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2025-12-10T23:22:37.823000+01:00",
            "date_published": "2025-12-10T23:22:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X57F2T",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 126271,
                    "first_name": "Alex",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Lipp",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-2130-8576"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 88887,
                    "first_name": "Barnaby",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Dobson",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-0149-4124"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Applied Statistics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Hydraulic Engineering"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Lipp_Dobson_2025.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11110/download/20250/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Lipp_Dobson_2026.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11110/download/21236/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 11757,
            "title": "Origin, evolution and decline of European mangroves: the Cenozoic paleobotanical record",
            "abstract": "This paper reviews available paleobotanical evidence (pollen and macrofossils) from 114 European sites to infer Cenozoic mangrove dynamics. European mangroves originated at the Paleocene/Eocene boundary in western Europe as relatively diverse communities comprising seven true-mangrove taxa, including the major mangrove-forming elements Rhizophoraceae, Avicennia and Nypa. Some taxa arrived from the Indo-West Pacific (IWP) via the Tethyan seaway, while others evolved locally. The occurrence of Pelliciera, the only element from the Atlantic–East Pacific (AEP) region, remains questioned. Maximum expansion and diversity occurred during the Early–Middle Eocene (Ypresian–Bartonian), coinciding with Cenozoic thermal and eustatic maxima. The European mangrove flora was completed following the arrival of seven additional true-mangrove and associate elements; however, four of these, including Rhizophoraceae, disappeared by the Lutetian. A first diversity crisis occurred during the Priabonian, when Nypa became the sole European mangrove component. This coincided with the cooling trend preceding the abrupt Eocene/Oligocene cooling and its associated eustatic drop, which restricted mangroves to southern refugia in Anatolia and Iberia. Following the definitive disappearance of Nypa during the Aquitanian, a mangrove recovery—in terms of geographical range but not diversity—culminated during the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum. During this Langhian maximum, Avicennia-only mangroves formed an extensive arc across the northern proto-Mediterranean and Paratethys. A second crisis during the Messinian Salinity Crisis almost eradicated European mangroves, forcing Avicennia into a Black Sea refugium before its final disappearance during the Pliocene. Finally, pending uncertainties and knowledge gaps are identified, and further studies are proposed to address them.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "mangroves"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Europe"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Cenozoic"
                },
                {
                    "word": "biogeography"
                },
                {
                    "word": "diversification"
                },
                {
                    "word": "extinction"
                },
                {
                    "word": "paleoclimates"
                },
                {
                    "word": "palynology"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-02-12T02:19:00.101181+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-02-13T18:16:11.974045+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-02-13T18:16:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X57B4J",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 4038,
                    "first_name": "Valentí",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Rull",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Paleontology"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "European mangroves 2.8.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11757/download/21192/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12082,
            "title": "AI learns to forecast global flood events from historical news",
            "abstract": "",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-09T12:00:33.492870+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-09T14:36:49.403165+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-09T14:36:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5177S",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 132818,
                    "first_name": "Oleg",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Zlydenko",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": "0009-0001-8468-1442"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 132820,
                    "first_name": "Hadas",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Fester",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 132821,
                    "first_name": "Shmuel",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Fronman",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 35772,
                    "first_name": "Martin",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Gauch",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 16306,
                    "first_name": "Oren",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Gilon",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 16308,
                    "first_name": "Avinatan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Hassidim",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 132822,
                    "first_name": "Gila",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Loike",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 16311,
                    "first_name": "Yossi",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Matias",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 132823,
                    "first_name": "Rotem",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Mayo",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 10027,
                    "first_name": "Grey",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Nearing",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-7031-6770"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 132824,
                    "first_name": "Aviel",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Niego",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 132825,
                    "first_name": "Reuven",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Sayag",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 132826,
                    "first_name": "Shruti",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Verma",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 132827,
                    "first_name": "Ido",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Zemach",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 105542,
                    "first_name": "Deborah",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Cohen",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Hydrology"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Flash Floods Tech Report EA.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12082/download/21671/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Flash Floods eartharxiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12082/download/22190/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Flash Floods eartharxiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12082/download/22191/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 11783,
            "title": "Mid-crustal Origin of Alkaline Magmas in the Arosa Zone: Evidence from Primary Analcime and Xenolith Interaction at the Rothplattenbach Complex (Germany)",
            "abstract": "The petrogenetic evolution of the alkaline magmatic rocks of the Rothplattenbach Complex was investigated by X-ray diffraction phase analysis and crystallographic lattice-parameter determination. The study focuses on the identification of primary analcime occurring in paragenesis with Ca-rich plagioclase (An₇₇) and diopsidic clinopyroxene. Phase-equilibrium modelling indicates that magma evolution in a closed system through Rayleigh fractional crystallization resulted in\nchemical convergence toward an analcime-saturated melt composition. Thermodynamic stability constraints for analcime (P &gt; 5 kbar, T &lt; 660 °C) imply a subvolcanic origin from deep-crustal levels at 15–20 km depth, contradicting the previous interpretation of these rocks as near-surface pillow lavas.\nJurassic Rotkalk xenoliths record a zoned interaction ranging from isochemical recrystallization to marble (lattice expansion in calcite) to allochemical infiltration metasomatism. The formation of glauconite through reduction of iron oxides in the Rotkalk and the occurrence of thomsonite provide evidence for intense fluid-mediated magma–carbonate hybridization. Preservation of these highpressure parageneses together with high amorphous contents indicates rapid release of the complex.\nThese results demonstrate that water and alkali saturation are primary characteristics of Cenozoic rift-related magmatism.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Primary analcime"
                },
                {
                    "word": "closed-system differentiation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Rothplattenbach"
                },
                {
                    "word": "xenolith metasomatism"
                },
                {
                    "word": "infiltration metasomatism"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Rotkalk xenoliths"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Rayleigh fractionation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "thermodynamic geobarometry"
                },
                {
                    "word": "alkaline magmatism"
                },
                {
                    "word": "magma-carbonate interaction"
                },
                {
                    "word": "European Cenozoic Rift System (ECRIS)"
                },
                {
                    "word": "meso-crustal emplacement"
                },
                {
                    "word": "zeolite facies"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-02-13T11:37:14.323507+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-02-13T18:19:31.973312+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-02-13T18:19:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X53N2N",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 130071,
                    "first_name": "Alfred",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Wassermann",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130367,
                    "first_name": "Matthias",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Hanke",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Geochemistry"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Mineral Physics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Volcanology"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Project Rothplattenbach_6_english.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11783/download/21237/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "project-rothplattenbach_6_english1.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11783/download/21244/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 11787,
            "title": "Resonant Platform Response and Vertical Velocity Biases in ADCP Measurements from Quasi-Lagrangian Platforms",
            "abstract": "Autonomous surface and subsurface platforms equipped with acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) are increasingly used to observe ocean velocities, but in the presence of surface waves these measurements can be biased by orbital motion and wave-induced platform tilting. Previous work quantified such biases for idealized platform responses that were in phase with the wave forcing. Here we extend this framework to the general case of a partially resonant platform response, in which the tilt amplitude is enhanced and phase-lagged relative to the waves, as expected for real-world platforms. We derive analytical expressions for wave-induced ADCP biases under arbitrary linear tilt response and show that phase-lagged platform motion generates biases in vertical velocity in addition to previously reported horizontal biases. These vertical biases scale with the imaginary part of the platform tilt transfer function and depend on wave properties, platform depth, and measurement distance. Biases also depend on ADCP beam geometry, alignment with wave propagation, and instrument orientation (upward or downward). Under certain conditions, a five-beam vertical velocity reconstruction can be formed that is unbiased on average and generally outperforms standard four-beam and vertical-beam estimates. The theory is applied to a Lagrangian float whose empirical tilt response suggests partial resonance at short wave periods. Using realistic wind–wave spectra, we quantify the resulting biases and find typical magnitudes of several centimeters per second for horizontal velocities and several millimeters per second for vertical velocities under open-ocean conditions. Because wave-induced biases depend strongly on platform configuration, we provide an analytical framework and numerical tools to assess biases for individual platforms and deployments.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP)"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Wave-induced measurement bias"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Autonomous ocean platforms"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Platform motion and tilt"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Vertical velocity estimation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Instrument response and resonance"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Ocean surface waves"
                },
                {
                    "word": "ADCP beam geometry"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-02-13T22:15:45.276811+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-02-14T09:11:46.507967+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-02-13T12:13:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X56F48",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 7141,
                    "first_name": "Andrey",
                    "middle_name": "Y.",
                    "last_name": "Shcherbina",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-4246-487X"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 5796,
                    "first_name": "Eric",
                    "middle_name": "A.",
                    "last_name": "D'Asaro",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Oceanography"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "JTECH-S-26-00031 EarthArXiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11787/download/21250/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/shcher2018/wave-bias",
                    "label": "MATLAB implementation of the semi-analytical model"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 12083,
            "title": "Groundsource: A Dataset of Flood Events from News",
            "abstract": "",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-09T12:12:34.013670+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-10T08:55:06.237489+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-10T08:54:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5RR2K",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 132823,
                    "first_name": "Rotem",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Mayo",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 132818,
                    "first_name": "Oleg",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Zlydenko",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": "0009-0001-8468-1442"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 132829,
                    "first_name": "Moral",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Bootbool",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 132821,
                    "first_name": "Shmuel",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Fronman",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 16306,
                    "first_name": "Oren",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Gilon",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 16308,
                    "first_name": "Avinatan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Hassidim",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 12935,
                    "first_name": "Frederik",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Kratzert",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 132822,
                    "first_name": "Gila",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Loike",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 16311,
                    "first_name": "Yossi",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Matias",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 132833,
                    "first_name": "Yonatan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Nakar",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 10027,
                    "first_name": "Grey",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Nearing",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-7031-6770"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 132825,
                    "first_name": "Reuven",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Sayag",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 132834,
                    "first_name": "Amitay",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Sicherman",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 132827,
                    "first_name": "Ido",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Zemach",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 105542,
                    "first_name": "Deborah",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Cohen",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Hydrology"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Groundsource EA.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12083/download/21672/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "groundsource-ea_.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12083/download/21690/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 11764,
            "title": "Two-thirds of global coastline affected by climate-driven saline groundwater intrusion by end of century, reaching far inland by 2300",
            "abstract": "Fresh groundwater is a vital resource along global coastlines where already over a third of the world’s population lives. Saline groundwater intrusion, driven by sea-level rise, groundwater abstraction, and reduced recharge, threatens the potability of coastal groundwater. Yet, the global potential for intrusion remains uncertain. Using a global groundwater model, we assess climate-driven saline groundwater intrusion along global coastlines until 2300 under a mild climate-change scenario. We find that two-thirds of the coastline will be affected by climate-driven intrusion of shallow groundwater between 2025 and 2100, and that it can locally intrude more than 9 km inland by 2300. While topography, aquifer thickness, and porosity define saline groundwater reach, climate-driven intrusion is mainly controlled by hydraulic conductivity and sea-level rise. We assess risk by combining intrusion, coastal populations, and groundwater use. Most populated coastlines will face a moderate risk, with high risk in the Mediterranean and South and East Asia.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
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            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Groundwater"
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                {
                    "word": "Saline groundwater intrusion"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Climate change"
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                {
                    "word": "Sea level rise"
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            "date_submitted": "2026-02-12T09:52:18.469243+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-02-14T08:39:11.878824+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-02-13T11:41:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
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            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 27310,
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                    "last_name": "Kretschmer",
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                    "pk": 27305,
                    "first_name": "Kevin",
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                    "pk": 89470,
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            "subject": [
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                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
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        },
        {
            "pk": 11794,
            "title": "Compositional Reservoir Simulation Sensitivity Studies: Grid, Permeability, and Well Configuration Analysis Using OPM Flow",
            "abstract": "This technical report presents a comprehensive parametric sensitivity analysis of compositional reservoir simulation using the open-source OPM Flow simulator, extending previous gas injection feasibility studies (Padder, 2026) through three systematic investigations: (1) grid refinement analysis comparing coarse (7×7×3, 147 cells) and refined (14×14×6, 1,176 cells) spatial discretization under injection rates of 12,000–15,000 rb/day, (2) permeability sensitivity analysis examining 0.5× and 2× permeability multipliers under variable injection rates, and (3) multi-well configuration analysis evaluating 1-injector-1-producer, 2-injector-2-producer, and 1-injector-4-producer well patterns. Results establish that the numerical stability boundary at 15,000 rb/day injection is grid-independent, with both coarse and refined grids exhibiting convergence failure, demonstrating that operational limits are governed by physical displacement instabilities rather than spatial discretization artifacts. Grid refinement increases computational cost by 3.7× (4.19s to 15.57s) and linearizations by 15% (1,289 to 1,492) but does not extend the stable injection envelope. High-permeability systems (2× multiplier) achieve 79% reduction in gas-oil ratio (1,280–1,560 vs 6,153–6,382 Mscf/stb) and tolerate aggressive injection rates, while low-permeability systems exhibit rate sensitivity with optimal performance at 14,000 rb/day. Multi-well configurations reduce computational timesteps by 90% (263 to 24–25 timesteps), demonstrating enhanced pressure equilibration and numerical tractability for complex well architectures. These findings provide quantitative design guidance for CO₂-EOR conversion projects, establishing reservoir permeability as the dominant feasibility parameter while confirming robustness of coarse-grid screening simulations for operational envelope assessment.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "reservoir simulation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "OPM Flow"
                },
                {
                    "word": "compositional modeling"
                },
                {
                    "word": "grid refinement"
                },
                {
                    "word": "permeability sensitivity"
                },
                {
                    "word": "CO2-EOR"
                },
                {
                    "word": "SPE5 benchmark"
                },
                {
                    "word": "numerical stability"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-02-14T19:01:40.999105+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-02-14T20:51:22.040528+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-02-14T20:51:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5PF50",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 125150,
                    "first_name": "Athar",
                    "middle_name": "Nisar",
                    "last_name": "Padder",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Other Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Petroleum Engineering"
                }
            ],
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                    "original_filename": "Grid, Permeability, and Well Configuration Analysis Using OPM Flow.pdf",
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                    "original_filename": "Grid, Permeability, and Well Configuration Analysis Using OPM Flow.pdf",
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            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/eonwe141/SPE5-OPM-Flow-Compositional-Sensitivity-Studies.git",
                    "label": "GitHub Repository - Code and Input Files"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18643103",
                    "label": "Zenodo Dataset - Simulation Results"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 11361,
            "title": "Explaining monthly precipitation anomalies in northwestern South America by integrating vertical dynamics and energetics",
            "abstract": "<p>Northwestern South America (NWSA) is a critical region for monitoring El Niño-driven hydroclimatic extremes, receiving its maximum cumulative precipitation in March. Thermodynamic indices alone often fail to explain observed precipitation anomalies in this region because they neglect the limiting role of large-scale environmental dynamics. To bridge this gap, a diagnostic proxy called the Buoyancy Work Rate (BWR) is proposed, which quantifies the rate of conversion from potential to kinetic energy by coupling local thermodynamic instability (ΔT) with vertical motion (ω) forced by large-scale dynamics. The BWR is calculated by vertically integrating the product $-\\omega\\Delta T$ from the surface to the 100 hPa level. Using the PCMCI+ causal discovery algorithm, this study empirically validates the classical thermodynamic energy balance mechanism, demonstrating that precipitation in the NWSA is dynamically controlled, with ω exerting a causal influence significantly stronger than local evaporation. Validation via Tail Dependence analysis (λu) reveals that the BWR achieves robust asymptotic dependence (λu ~0.8) during extreme events, effectively filtering out thermodynamic false positives (e.g., the 2016 event) by incorporating the vertical velocity constraint. Furthermore, autocorrelation analysis indicates that the inclusion of the thermodynamic component imparts significant signal persistence to the index, stabilizing the inherently chaotic nature of pure vertical velocity. Physically, the index explains how dynamic forcing modulates precipitation outcomes across events with similar instability, resolving the contrasting impacts of the 2016, 2017, and 2023 El Niño events. Consequently, the BWR emerges as a physically consistent tool that offers a longer predictability horizon for monitoring sub-seasonal hydroclimatic risks.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "climate index"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Precipitation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "South America"
                },
                {
                    "word": "El Niño"
                },
                {
                    "word": "thermodynamic"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-01-05T19:03:57.210000+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-01-07T17:42:24.485000+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-01-07T17:42:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X57X7J",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 127499,
                    "first_name": "Jose",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Obregon-Yataco",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-4519-7164"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "template.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11361/download/20610/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "template.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11361/download/20637/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "template.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11361/download/21255/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 11789,
            "title": "Key enablers and barriers to climate-smart primary healthcare in South Africa: Insights from climate and health experts",
            "abstract": "Climate change poses escalating threats to global health, with disproportionately severe impacts in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) where structural vulnerabilities, resource constraints, and limited adaptive capacity heighten population-level risks. In these settings, primary health care (PHC), the frontline of service delivery, plays a pivotal role in implementing climate adaptation, mitigation, and resilience strategies. Yet, despite growing recognition of the need for climate-smart health systems, evidence on the enablers and barriers to climate-smart PHC remains sparse in South Africa, reflecting broader gaps across LMIC contexts. The study aimed to explore the views of climate and health experts on the enablers and barriers of climate-smart PHC in South Africa. The study was conducted across relevant local, national, and international experts in health and climate change. An exploratory qualitative design was employed, involving 15 semi-structured interviews with purposively selected experts, including nursing educators, policymakers, academics, and health managers, all of whom had demonstrated experience in climate change and health through leadership roles, policy involvement, curriculum development, or relevant research. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis supported by ATLAS.ti. Four key enablers emerged: public awareness, sustainable infrastructure, professional education, and supportive policy frameworks. These enablers were viewed as essential for promoting climate-smart PHC. Conversely, major barriers included limited awareness, socio-political and structural constraints, human resource shortages, and inadequate research and training. Experts emphasised that climate-smart PHC requires integrated, multi-sectoral strategies and systemic reforms. Building a climate-smart PHC demands a whole-of-society approach that combines education, infrastructure investment, and policy coherence while addressing systemic fragilities. This study provides empirical insights into the social, structural, and policy determinants of a climate-smart PHC. This can inform strategies for workforce development and health system strengthening in LMICs.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "climate resilience"
                },
                {
                    "word": "climate-smart primary healthcare"
                },
                {
                    "word": "climate-smart health workforce"
                },
                {
                    "word": "nurses"
                },
                {
                    "word": "primary health care"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-02-13T23:00:18.786674+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-02-14T09:45:46.162940+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-02-14T00:50:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5T454",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 130409,
                    "first_name": "THANDAZILE",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "SIBINDI",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-0825-5107"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130410,
                    "first_name": "Jennifer",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Chipps",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130411,
                    "first_name": "Talitha",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Crowley",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-2993-6553"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Public Health"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "PCLM-D-26-00081.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11789/download/21252/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 11788,
            "title": "Climate risk communications in the humanitarian health sector in East Africa: A case study from Médecins Sans Frontières",
            "abstract": "By 2030, it is estimated that the number of medium- to large-scale disaster events may increase to 560 per year compared to 400 in 2015. People less than 60 years of age in 2020 have been estimated to experience unprecedented extreme climate event exposures; the risk is even greater for younger generations as the planet gets warmer. This descriptive study aimed to explore how Médecins Sans Frontières’ (MSF) Humanitarian Action on Climate and Environment (HACE)’s climate risk communication between 2020 and 2024 supported MSF’s operational readiness in Kenya and South Sudan. The critical analysis employed a qualitative mixed-methods approach, incorporating documentary review, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions (FGDs). The findings offer insight into both the strengths and the limitations of current practices, as well as opportunities for more tailored strategies that support humanitarian actors in responding to climate-related health emergencies. This study highlights the critical but underdeveloped role of climate risk communication—an emergent area situated at the intersection of climate change communication and risk communication—in supporting humanitarian operations. There is a clear demand for communication that is timely, localized, simplified, and action-oriented—characteristics that are not fully captured in existing frameworks of either climate change or risk communication. Humanitarian organizations, various national and international organizations responding to climate emergencies, are uniquely positioned to contribute to, and benefit from, the development of this field; this is an area of potential research. Ultimately, as climate change intensifies, the ability to communicate risk will be as critical as any medical or logistical response. By contributing to the development of climate risk communications, humanitarian organizations can improve not only their own readiness but also help define new global standards for risk-informed action in the age of climate crises, thus establishing a community of practice.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Risk communication"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Public Health"
                },
                {
                    "word": "humanitarian"
                },
                {
                    "word": "climate adaptation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "climate change communication"
                },
                {
                    "word": "East Africa"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-02-13T23:00:18.017298+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-02-14T09:42:00.297657+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-02-13T12:45:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5XX9H",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 130403,
                    "first_name": "Olive",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Toran",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0009-0002-9448-6138"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130404,
                    "first_name": "Lekha",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Rathod",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130405,
                    "first_name": "Carol",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Devine",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130406,
                    "first_name": "Leo",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Tremblay",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130407,
                    "first_name": "Emmanuel",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Yussuf",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-5199-1965"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130408,
                    "first_name": "Umberto",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Pellecchia",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-1224-8698"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Public Health"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "PCLM-D-26-00077.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11788/download/21251/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 11859,
            "title": "Assessing and Correcting Bias in Gridded Reference Evapotranspiration over Agricultural Lands Across the Contiguous United States",
            "abstract": "<p>Gridded reference evapotranspiration (ETo) data are widely used for agricultural water management and remote sensing ET (RSET) models, but biases can arise in agricultural regions where coarse-resolution meteorological inputs fail to capture local microclimates. We investigated biases in the gridMET ETo product across irrigated agricultural areas of the contiguous United States (CONUS) by comparing gridMET values with ETo calculated from 793 agricultural weather stations. We also used these stations to bias correct monthly gridMET ETo. Results show that gridMET systematically overestimates ETo by 10–20% at most cropland sites, while pockets of underestimation appear in some arid western regions, primarily due to wind speed bias. Overestimation of wind speed was the dominant driver of ETo bias, amplified by positive biases in solar radiation and maximum air temperature and negative biases in humidity (vapor pressure), whereas minimum temperature bias had a smaller effect. Regionally, the relative influence of these drivers varied: in some arid western climates, ETo bias was most closely linked to humidity and temperature errors, while in many other regions, including much of the eastern and coastal regions, wind speed and solar radiation biases were the dominant drivers. Comparison with 79 independent eddy covariance sites showed that the bias correction substantially improved monthly gridMET ETo accuracy at most of these stations. For example, the mean absolute error (MAE) in ETo was reduced at 80% of cropland sites across the CONUS. The bias-corrected ETo also improved accuracy in the three ETo-dependent OpenET RSET models (eeMETRIC, SIMS, and SSEBop), reducing MAE at 47–67% of cropland sites. Moreover, at the cropland eddy covariance stations, monthly mean bias error (MBE) of the three RSET models decreased by up to 9.5 mm/month (equivalent to 10% of the mean monthly eddy covariance ET), MAE was reduced by 1.7–3.5 mm/month, and root mean square error (RMSE) was reduced by 2.6–4.2 mm/month; though the OpenET ensemble accuracy metrics changed minimally overall. Across natural land cover types including forests, wetlands, grasslands, and shrublands, MAE and RMSE also improved for all RSET models. Our findings underscore the need to account for bias in gridded ETo data, which can arise from multiple factors in the underlying gridded meteorological data inputs and methods that we explore and discuss. We also discuss potential solutions, including alternative datasets and approaches for calculating ETo that could better capture climate conditions over irrigated land, and alternatives to the direct utilization of gridded ETo in water-limited regions for RSET modeling. Incorporating bias corrections for gridded ETo can reduce uncertainty in applications that directly use ETo and improve the reliability of RSET models and other water resource applications that depend on gridded ETo data.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "reference evapotranspiration (ETo)"
                },
                {
                    "word": " bias correction"
                },
                {
                    "word": " irrigation"
                },
                {
                    "word": " croplands"
                },
                {
                    "word": " eddy covariance"
                },
                {
                    "word": " remote sensing ET"
                },
                {
                    "word": "reference evapotranspiration"
                },
                {
                    "word": "bias correction"
                },
                {
                    "word": "irrigation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "croplands"
                },
                {
                    "word": "eddy covariance"
                },
                {
                    "word": "remote sensing ET"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-02-19T21:28:15.061510+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-02-19T21:39:22.834861+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-02-19T21:39:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X54F38",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 127814,
                    "first_name": "John",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Volk",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 128081,
                    "first_name": "Christian",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Dunkerly",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 1683,
                    "first_name": "Sayantan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Majumdar",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-3539-0147"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 127813,
                    "first_name": "Justin",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Huntington",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 128084,
                    "first_name": "Blake",
                    "middle_name": "A.",
                    "last_name": "Minor",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 1712,
                    "first_name": "Yeonuk",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Kim",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-2993-8687"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 127816,
                    "first_name": "Charles",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Morton",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 127817,
                    "first_name": "Peter",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "ReVelle",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 128085,
                    "first_name": "Ayse",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Kilic",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 10465,
                    "first_name": "Forrest",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Melton",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 128082,
                    "first_name": "Richard",
                    "middle_name": "G.",
                    "last_name": "Allen",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 128083,
                    "first_name": "Christopher",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Pearson",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 128086,
                    "first_name": "Adam",
                    "middle_name": "J.",
                    "last_name": "Purdy",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 128087,
                    "first_name": "Todd",
                    "middle_name": "G.",
                    "last_name": "Caldwell",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Applied Statistics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Climate"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Monitoring"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geographic Information Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Hydrology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Multivariate Analysis"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Remote Sensing"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Spatial Science"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Water Resource Management"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "gridMET_bias_correction.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11859/download/21338/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "gridMET_bias_correction.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11859/download/21339/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "gridMET_bias_correction.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11859/download/21340/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 10267,
            "title": "Evidence for seawater Mg/Ca and dietary control on Mg incorporation in oyster shells",
            "abstract": "<p>The Mg/Ca ratio in bivalve shells has been investigated as a promising proxy for temperature reconstruction of the seawater. However, important discrepancies exist among the Mg/Ca-temperature calibrations reported for bivalves in the literature. These discrepancies currently limit the use of Mg/Ca for paleoclimate reconstructions based on bivalves and suggest that factors beyond temperature influence Mg incorporation in the shell. In particular, several studies have highlighted empirical differences in the seasonal amplitudes of shell Mg/Ca between two types of environments: river-influenced coastal settings and open marine systems. In this study, we investigate several environmental parameters that may account for these differences, using rearing experiments of oysters in both natural and artificial seawater. First, we tested the influence of Mg speciation in seawater on shell Mg/Ca and showed that Mg is incorporated in the shell regardless of its form (free or complexed with organics). Second, we investigated the sensitivity of shell Mg/Ca to seawater Mg/Ca by artificially increasing the Mg concentration in seawater. We observed an increase in shell Mg/Ca concomitant with the rise in seawater Mg/Ca, confirming the dependance of shell Mg/Ca on seawater Mg content. Finally, we show that a change in diet induces a significant difference in shell Mg/Ca, and that shell Mg/Ca is positively correlated with the Mg/Ca of the diet. Overall, our results suggest that, in addition to temperature, both seawater and dietary Mg/Ca ratios control shell Mg/Ca. These parameters could be responsible for the discrepancy between Mg/Ca-temperature models published in the literature, and should be carefully considered in future aquarium-based and in situ calibration studies, as well as paleoenvironmental reconstructions.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC-BY Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "oyster shell"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Mg/Ca"
                },
                {
                    "word": "palaeoenvironmental reconstruction"
                },
                {
                    "word": "rearing experiment"
                },
                {
                    "word": "temperature proxy"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2025-09-17T08:54:18.552000+02:00",
            "date_accepted": "2025-09-17T17:45:53.626000+02:00",
            "date_published": "2025-09-17T17:45:00+02:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2026.123305",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5N747",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 120463,
                    "first_name": "Marie",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Pesnin",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 120464,
                    "first_name": "Laurent",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Emmanuel",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 120465,
                    "first_name": "Amelie",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Guittet",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 120466,
                    "first_name": "Boris",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Eyheraguibel",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 120467,
                    "first_name": "Gaëtan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Schires",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 120468,
                    "first_name": "Julien",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Normand",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 120461,
                    "first_name": "Vincent",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Mouchi",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-4344-0511"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Geochemistry"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Pesnin et al., preprint with SI.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/10267/download/18956/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Pesnin et al 2026 preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/10267/download/21262/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 11008,
            "title": "Associations between Climate Change and Infectious Diseases: A Systematic Review",
            "abstract": "<p>Climate change is increasingly recognized as a major driver of infectious disease dynamics, influencing disease distribution, seasonality, and outbreak intensity. This systematic review synthesizes evidence on how climate variability affects infectious diseases and evaluates predictive modeling approaches. Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Scopus for studies published between 2010 and 2025. From 106 initial records, 48 studies met inclusion criteria after screening and quality assessment. Results show that temperature variability, altered precipitation, and extreme weather events consistently increase transmission of vector-borne, water-borne, and zoonotic diseases, particularly in vulnerable populations. Machine learning and statistical models, including LASSO regression and neural networks, showed potential for outbreak forecasting but limited ability to predict outbreak magnitude. Publications increased 150% after 2018, reflecting growing attention to climate-health linkages. Integrating predictive models with surveillance systems, adaptive health policies, and interdisciplinary collaboration will be crucial to reduce climate-related disease risks.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "climate change"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Disease Prediction"
                },
                {
                    "word": " systematic review"
                },
                {
                    "word": " disease outbreak"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Prevention and Control"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2025-12-02T23:00:18.172000+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2025-12-03T22:25:04.763000+01:00",
            "date_published": "2025-12-03T22:25:00+01:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.31223/X50462",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X50462",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 125730,
                    "first_name": "Md. Tobibul",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Islam",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-4000-7288"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 125731,
                    "first_name": "Tahmid Zaman  Islam",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Raad",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0009-0004-8233-2478"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 125732,
                    "first_name": "Akash Shingha",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Bappy",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 125733,
                    "first_name": "Mohammad",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Ullah",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 125734,
                    "first_name": "Nabila Akter",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Nishu",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 125735,
                    "first_name": "Samir Fazal  Islam",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Manam",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0009-0009-8139-6679"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130053,
                    "first_name": "Mary",
                    "middle_name": "Dioise",
                    "last_name": "Ramos",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130459,
                    "first_name": "Richard",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Smith",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 125736,
                    "first_name": "Nazmus",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Sakib",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-7008-1120"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Public Health"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "PCLM-D-25-00414.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11008/download/20109/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "preprint1.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11008/download/21135/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Climate preprint version 2.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11008/download/21270/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Climate prediction journal - Preprint 2.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11008/download/21269/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 11790,
            "title": "Future volcanic eruptions shift the timing of net-zero emissions",
            "abstract": "Volcanic eruptions are inevitable, unpredictable, and impact climate globally. During outbreaks, volcanic aerosols enter the stratosphere, modifying the planetary energy balance. How eruptions affect biosphere carbon uptake is unclear, as including the possible forcing trajectories in climate model projections is computationally expensive. Here, we show realistic future volcanic forcing increases projected regional temperature variability for the overshoot scenario SSP5-3.5-OS and adds uncertainty to biosphere carbon sink capacity estimates. We use intermittent eruption trajectories to derive 300 estimates of future climate and biosphere productivity from a computationally efficient, regionally explicit simulator. Global mean temperature pathway uncertainty relative to the internal component is, on average, 0.32°C (+89%) larger with intermittent forcing. Propagating this uncertainty into net carbon uptake through shared variances between climatic drivers and the biosphere’s response increases regional uncertainty by up to 34% of internal variability. Regionally, uncertainty in annual temperature is increased by 50%+ for half of the world’s population. Effects aggregate globally, potentially delaying or advancing net-zero emissions and planetary temperature stabilization.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "climate variability"
                },
                {
                    "word": "volcanoes"
                },
                {
                    "word": "volcanic forcing"
                },
                {
                    "word": "stochastic forcing"
                },
                {
                    "word": "earth system modeling"
                },
                {
                    "word": "emulation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "energy balance model"
                },
                {
                    "word": "future projections"
                },
                {
                    "word": "uncertainty"
                },
                {
                    "word": "temperature variability"
                },
                {
                    "word": "carbon cycle"
                },
                {
                    "word": "carbon uptake"
                },
                {
                    "word": "net-zero emissions"
                },
                {
                    "word": "emissions scenario"
                },
                {
                    "word": "temperature overshoot"
                },
                {
                    "word": "radiative forcing"
                },
                {
                    "word": "insolation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "simulation ensemble"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-02-13T23:00:19.326388+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-02-16T06:28:55.011941+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-02-16T06:28:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5946V",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 89852,
                    "first_name": "Moritz",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Adam",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-8794-958X"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130412,
                    "first_name": "Tom",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Schürmann",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0009-0003-9365-1274"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 14047,
                    "first_name": "Kira",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Rehfeld",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Sciences"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "PCLM-D-26-00086.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11790/download/21253/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 11806,
            "title": "Implementing the Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) Agreement in a State Centric System: The Role of AI in Data Readiness, Corporate Traceability, and EIA Consistency in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ)",
            "abstract": "Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ) cover most of the ocean but remain governed through fragmented regimes and uneven scientific capacity. The Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) Agreement aims to strengthen marine biodiversity conservation in these waters through marine protected areas and other area-based management tools, environmental impact assessment (EIA), marine genetic resources and benefit sharing, and capacity building with technology transfer. This paper argues that early effectiveness will depend less on treaty design and more on implementation capacity. The analysis identifies three challenges. First, data readiness in ABNJ is weak for policy use. Long-term time series are limited, biodiversity records are patchy across depth and habitat, and baseline setting and cumulative impact assessment are hard to operationalize. Second, implementation is state-centric, but many pressures are driven operationally by private actors such as distant-water fishing and large aquaculture and seafood supply chains. The key risk is not the absence of direct corporate duties in international law, but weak traceability and uneven due diligence when States must translate treaty duties into operator-facing requirements and reliable information flows. Third, EIA in ABNJ faces jurisdictional ambiguity. Multiple legal anchors can plausibly apply, and uneven discretion may allow avoidance or minimum standard selection. Artificial Intelligence (AI) can reduce friction in data use, support early risk screening, and improve transparency by structuring documents and disclosures into review-ready evidence. However, AI cannot allocate legal responsibility, decide jurisdiction, resolve regime overlaps, or create political agreement. The paper evaluates AI as a support tool, not a decision maker. The policy implication is that data governance and capacity building should come first, with AI used to amplify these foundations. The UN Ocean Decade is framed as a practical space to test shared tools, standards, and capacity pathways that can make BBNJ implementation more workable.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC-BY Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction"
                },
                {
                    "word": "AI Governance"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Environmental Impact Assessment"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Marine Governance"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-02-16T06:09:37.802547+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-02-16T06:33:09.778361+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-02-16T06:32:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X55F4Z",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 130472,
                    "first_name": "Yunjoo",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Cho",
                    "salutation": "Ms",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Studies"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Nature and Society Relations"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "EarthArXiv_Role of AI in BBNJ Agreement_Yunjoo Cho.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11806/download/21276/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 11812,
            "title": "Potential groundwater recharge during floods",
            "abstract": "Groundwater constitutes 30% of fresh water reserves on Earth. It is important as a source for drinking water and irrigation due to its good quality. For many aquifers in arid regions, long-term groundwater extraction has put in risk its sustainable use. Thus, it is relevant to understand and quantify processes that contribute to sustainable groundwater recharge.\n\n\nMost recharge to aquifers in arid regions occurs during flood events that happen with a frequency of a few years to decades. Paleo-climatic records show that intensity and frequency of floods have been particularly variable during periods of climate change. Therefore, understanding how floods could impact the magnitude and occurrence of groundwater recharge to aquifers in arid regions is relevant for improving water management strategies and assessing aquifer vulnerability to pollution from surface streams.\n\n\nDirect measurement of infiltration during flood events is difficult, so it is common to complete analyses with numerical simulations. We present results of detailed numerical simulations of infiltration through the vadose zone during flood events. We use the results of the simulations to characterize infiltration patterns and quantify potential for recharge to aquifers considering different subsurface conceptualizations, from simple homogeneous to more realistic multi-scale heterogeneous sediment distributions. We also make a few additional general comments for practical applications.\n",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC-By Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce and reproduce, but not Share, Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material, You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, You do not have permission under this Public License to Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only and provided You do not Share Adapted Material;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "water resources"
                },
                {
                    "word": " groundwater recharge"
                },
                {
                    "word": " flooding"
                },
                {
                    "word": " numerical simulations"
                },
                {
                    "word": " vadose zone"
                },
                {
                    "word": "groundwater recharge"
                },
                {
                    "word": "flooding"
                },
                {
                    "word": "numerical simulations"
                },
                {
                    "word": "vadose zone"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-02-16T13:52:00.132252+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-02-17T06:51:03.097195+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-02-17T06:50:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5WX96",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 130488,
                    "first_name": "Paulo",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Herrera",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130489,
                    "first_name": "Peter",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Lichtner",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Hydraulic Engineering"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "arxiv_16_02_2026.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11812/download/21282/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "arxiv_16_02_2026.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11812/download/21283/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 11781,
            "title": "Technical Note: Benchmark time-temperature paths provide a shared framework for evaluating and communicating thermochronologic data interpretation",
            "abstract": "We present a set of six time-temperature (tT) histories, called benchmark paths, that can be used as a shared framework for evaluating the sensitivity of a thermochronologic system to the variables inherent in the interpretation of thermochronologic data (e.g., kinetics models, mineral compositions or geometries, etc.) . These benchmark paths span 100 Myr, include monotonic and nonmonotonic histories that represent plausible geologic scenarios, and have a range of cooling rates through different chronometer partial-retention/annealing temperatures. Here, we demonstrate their utility by presenting a method for tuning these paths to 11 different kinetics models for the apatite (U-Th-Sm)/He (n=5), apatite fission-track (n=2), and zircon (U-Th)/He (n=4) systems. These tuned tT paths provide a practical comparison of the kinetics models for each system and the data patterns they predict, thereby offering anyone performing thermal history analysis the ability to consider how their choice of kinetics model may impact their data interpretation. The adoption of benchmark paths for evaluating kinetics models and other variables provides a practical way for the thermochronology community to evaluate and communicate the decision making processes that are inherent in thermochronologic modeling and data interpretation. ",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC-BY Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Thermochronology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Thermal History Modeling"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-02-19T18:51:47.252092+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-02-19T19:38:45.800642+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-02-19T19:38:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5876K",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 130359,
                    "first_name": "Andrea",
                    "middle_name": "L.",
                    "last_name": "Stevens Goddard",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130358,
                    "first_name": "Kendra",
                    "middle_name": "E.",
                    "last_name": "Murray",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130357,
                    "first_name": "Alyssa",
                    "middle_name": "Langford",
                    "last_name": "Abbey",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-0617-4859"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 36197,
                    "first_name": "Mark",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Wildman",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "EarthArxiv Thermal History Path Technical Note.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11781/download/21337/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 11769,
            "title": "The Impact of Climate Change on Human Health and Pharmaceuticals",
            "abstract": "Climate change and air pollution affect nearly every major organ system, altering both the presentation of disease and patient responses to pharmaceutical treatments. However, existing knowledge on how patients, healthcare professionals, and governments should prepare for these challenges is fragmented. Climate change contributes to premature mortality, increased morbidity, and exacerbation of pre‑existing conditions across cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, gastrointestinal, neurological, endocrine, and dermatological systems. Additional impacts include climate‑sensitive infectious diseases, mental health disorders, pregnancy complications, adverse in vitro fertilisation (IVF) outcomes, congenital anomalies, and climate‑induced drug toxicities.\nEmerging evidence shows that climate variables—particularly temperature and humidity—can directly affect medication stability, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetics. For example, elevated temperatures may degrade active pharmaceutical ingredients, while humidity can accelerate disintegration of hygroscopic tablets, increasing the risk of dose dumping and adverse events. Extreme weather events may also disrupt pharmaceutical supply chains, compounding risks to patient care.\nThis review synthesises evidence to (i) identify diseases, populations, and medications most affected by climate change, and (ii) anticipate how pharmaceutical interventions will need to adapt. The findings highlight the urgent need for integrated research exploring the interplay between climate change, therapeutic response, and drug safety to support resilient, climate‑ready healthcare systems",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Climate change"
                },
                {
                    "word": "human health"
                },
                {
                    "word": "therapeutic response"
                },
                {
                    "word": "pharmaceutical effectiveness"
                },
                {
                    "word": "adverse effects"
                },
                {
                    "word": "tablet degradation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "acute drug poisoning"
                },
                {
                    "word": "anti-seizure medications"
                },
                {
                    "word": "opioids"
                },
                {
                    "word": "narcotics"
                },
                {
                    "word": "amphetamines"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Human health"
                },
                {
                    "word": "tablet degradataion"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-02-16T14:40:11.599650+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-02-16T15:03:22.797056+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-02-16T15:03:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X51N21",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 130321,
                    "first_name": "Pono",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Pono",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130320,
                    "first_name": "Alan",
                    "middle_name": "M",
                    "last_name": "Jones",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Health and Protection"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Monitoring"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Public Health"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Medical Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Medicine and Health Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Public Health"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Sustainability"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Toxicology"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Narative review edited -BISCA-Final-EarthRxiv-PDF.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11769/download/21285/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 11844,
            "title": "Channel Change and Sediment Transport in the Puyallup River Watershed through 2022",
            "abstract": "The Puyallup River drains a 990 square mile watershed in western Washington, with headwaters on the glacier-covered flanks of Mount Rainier. Major tributaries include the White, Carbon, and Mowich Rivers. In the levee-confined reaches of the lower watershed, loss of flood conveyance due to sand and gravel deposition has been a chronic issue. Over much of the 20th century, flood conveyance was maintained through sediment removal, but this practice ended in the late 1990s. Flood hazard management activities since the 1990s have primarily involved levee removal or setback projects. Assessments of 1984-2009 repeat cross sections suggested that sediment deposition rates were particularly high in reaches with recent levee setbacks. However, there have been no assessments of recent deposition rates since the 2009 surveys. There are also concerns that intensifying flood hydrology or increased sediment delivery from Mount Rainier may exacerbate deposition. However, assessment of those risks has been hindered by limited understanding of watershed-scale sediment delivery and routing, particularly for coarse sand and gravel. \n\nThe U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Pierce County, initiated this study to improve understanding of sediment deposition in the lower Puyallup River watershed. This work is primarily based on differencing of multiple aerial lidar datasets collected during 2002–2022, supplemented by early 1990 photogrammetric elevation datasets, geomorphic assessments of streamgage data, historical topographic surveys from 1907, and previously collected sediment transport measurements. Analyses cover the Puyallup, Carbon, and Mowich Rivers, but do not include the White River. \n\nDuring 2004–2020, repeat aerial lidar indicates that 1.3 ± 0.3 million yd3 of sediment accumulated in the lower 20 valley miles (VMs) of the Puyallup River, averaging 80,000 ± 20,000 cubic yards per year (yd3/yr). Deposition was observed during both 2004–11 and 2011–20 lidar differencing intervals. This continued a long-term depositional trend that extends back to at least 1977. From 2004 to 2011, deposition rates along the Soldiers Home levee setback reach, the only setback project downstream of VM 20 completed prior to 2011, were approximately four times higher than in adjacent unmodified reaches. From 2011 to 2020, two additional setback projects were completed; volumetric deposition rates over all three setback reaches were similar to adjacent unmodified reaches, suggesting elevated setback deposition in the 2004–11 interval may have been influenced by an extreme flood in November 2006. These levee setback projects increased the local cross-sectional area of the floodway, used as a rough proxy for relative flood conveyance, by 50 to 200 percent above 2004 conditions. If deposition continued at recent rates, cross-sectional area over the levee setback reaches would be reduced back to 2004 values by 2050-90. \n\nDeposition also occurred over the lower six VMs of the Carbon River during 2004–20, though volumes (0.15 ± 0.09 million yd3) were an order of magnitude lower than along the Puyallup River. Relatively lower deposition rates in the Carbon River are most likely the combined result of modestly lower incoming sediment loads, modestly steeper channel slope, and the additional sediment transport capacity provided by two large non-glacial tributaries that enter the Carbon River near VM 5.  \n\nUpstream of the depositional reaches described above, 2002–22 sediment storage trends along the Puyallup, Carbon, and Mowich Rivers were predominately negative (net erosion) up to the Mount Rainier National Park boundary. Net erosion was the result of bank and bluff erosion exceeding deposition across wetted channel and bare gravel areas, as opposed to uniform vertical downcutting. Net erosion along these river valleys delivered 3.4 ± 0.6 million yd3 to the river system, equivalent to 190,000 ± 35,000 yd3/yr. Most of that volume was supplied by erosion of relatively low (4–10 ft) surfaces along the Puyallup and Mowich Rivers and tall (300 ft) glacial bluffs along the lower Carbon River. Substantial aggradation from 1984 to 2009 reported by Czuba and others (2010) along reaches of the Puyallup River (VM 19–22) where levee confinement has recently been removed was most likely an artifact of methodologic bias.  \n\nThe Puyallup, Mowich, and Carbon Rivers drain five distinct glaciated watersheds on the flanks of Mount Rainier, four of which were assessed in this study. All four watersheds were impacted by an extreme November 2006 rainstorm. Between 2002 and 2008, debris flows occurred in all four headwater areas, collectively eroding at least 2.1 million yd3 of sediment. These debris flows formed distinct deposits one to two miles downstream of source areas, depositing 30-50 percent of the material eroded upstream. From 2008 to 2022, no headwater debris flows were observed and overall rates of geomorphic change in the headwaters were low. Rivers eroded into debris flow deposits emplaced over the 2002–08 interval, but re-deposited equivalent volumes of material within a half mile downstream. \n\nStage-discharge relations at five streamgages on upland rivers draining Mount Rainier show either net channel incision or dynamic variability with no long-term trend over the past 60–100 years. Observations of pervasive river valley erosion and stable or incising trends at long-term streamgages in the upper watershed do not support prior claims of widespread and accelerating aggradation of upland rivers draining Mount Rainier.  \n\nErosion and deposition volumes estimated in this report were combined with sediment transport estimates from limited suspended sediment and bedload measurements, estimates of sub-glacial erosion rates, and sediment delivery from non-glacial tributaries to construct watershed-scale sediment budgets for the Puyallup River watershed. During 2004–20, the estimated sediment load entering the depositional lowlands was well balanced by estimated inputs from, in order of relative magnitude, subglacial erosion (33–60 percent of total sediment load), erosion along the major river valleys (25–45 percent), erosion in recently deglaciated headwater areas (7–17 percent) and non-glacial tributaries (3–9 percent). These results are specific to the study period and represent total sediment loads, most of which is fine material carried in suspension. The relative sourcing of sand and gravel may be different than implied by this sediment budget.     \n\nDownstream of VM 12, comparison of 1907 and 2009 channel surveys show net lowering of the channel thalweg of 4–12 ft. A long-term gage near VM 22 shows lowering of 4–5 ft through the 1960s. Lowering at both locations was inferred to be a channel response to the substantial straightening, and so steepening, of the river during major phases of levee construction through the early and mid-20th century.\n\nApplication of a simple empirical bedload-discharge power-law relation to an ensemble of model-estimated daily mean discharge records in the lower Puyallup River between 1977 and 2100 projects that annual bedload transport capacity in the lower Puyallup River will increase by 20–60 percent by the middle of the 21st century. Actual changes in bedload transport and deposition rates will depend on concurrent changes in sediment supply and local hydraulics governing deposition. \n\nThis report presents several key conclusions. First, the persistence and spatial patterns of sand and gravel deposition along the lower Puyallup River support prior claims that deposition is fundamentally caused by decreases in channel slope moving downstream. Given this underlying cause and the abundance of sand and gravel available to be transported downstream, deposition is likely to continue for the foreseeable future. Second, despite continued sediment deposition, recent levee setback projects in the lower Puyallup River will likely provide several decades of flood conveyance benefits relative to a no-action alternative. Third, while the rivers linking Mount Rainier to the Puget Sound lowlands have often been discussed as conduits that either pass or accumulate sediment from Mount Rainier, observations from 2002–22 show these river valleys acting as substantial sediment sources, delivering three times more sediment than recently deglaciated headwater areas on Mount Rainier. While the persistence and underlying cause of recent river valley erosion remain unknown, sediment storage dynamics along these river valleys are likely to be a major control on sand and gravel delivery to the lower watershed.\n",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC-By Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce and reproduce, but not Share, Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. 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If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Puyallup River"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Mount Rainier"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Sediment transport"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Channel change"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Sediment budgets"
                },
                {
                    "word": "DEM differencing"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Levee setbacks"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-02-18T02:17:04.384152+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-02-18T10:00:48.363517+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-02-18T10:00:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5HR0N",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 85389,
                    "first_name": "Scott",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Anderson",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geomorphology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Hydrology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Water Resource Management"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "USGS_Puyallup_sediment_through_2022_Anderson_2026_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11844/download/21315/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 10426,
            "title": "Methane and nitrous oxide concentrations and sea-air fluxes in western Long Island Sound, a eutrophic urban estuary: Hourly to seasonal variability",
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SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;index 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;index 7&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;index 8&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;index 9&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;39&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;toc 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;39&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;toc 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;39&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;toc 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;39&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;toc 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;39&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;toc 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;39&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;toc 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;39&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;toc 7&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;39&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;toc 8&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;39&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;toc 9&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Normal Indent&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;footnote text&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;annotation text&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;header&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;footer&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;index heading&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;35&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;caption&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;table of figures&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;envelope address&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;envelope return&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;footnote reference&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;annotation reference&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;line number&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;page number&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;endnote reference&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;endnote text&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;table of authorities&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;macro&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;toa heading&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Bullet&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Number&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Bullet 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Bullet 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Bullet 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Bullet 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Number 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Number 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Number 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Number 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;10&amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Title&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Closing&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Signature&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;1&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Default Paragraph Font&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Body Text&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Body Text Indent&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Continue&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Continue 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Continue 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Continue 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Continue 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Message Header&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;11&amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Subtitle&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Salutation&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Date&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Body Text First Indent&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Body Text First Indent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Note Heading&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Body Text 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Body Text 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Body Text Indent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Body Text Indent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Block Text&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;0&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Hyperlink&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;FollowedHyperlink&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;22&amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Strong&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;20&amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Emphasis&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Document Map&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Plain Text&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;E-mail Signature&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;HTML Top of Form&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;HTML Bottom of Form&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Normal (Web)&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;HTML Acronym&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;HTML Address&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;HTML Cite&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;HTML Code&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;HTML Definition&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;HTML Keyboard&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;HTML Preformatted&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;HTML Sample&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;HTML Typewriter&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;HTML Variable&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Normal Table&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;annotation subject&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;No List&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Outline List 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Outline List 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Outline List 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Simple 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Simple 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Simple 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Classic 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Classic 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Classic 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Classic 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Colorful 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Colorful 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Colorful 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Columns 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Columns 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Columns 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Columns 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Columns 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Grid 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Grid 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Grid 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Grid 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Grid 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Grid 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Grid 7&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Grid 8&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table List 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table List 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table List 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table List 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table List 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table List 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table List 7&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table List 8&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table 3D effects 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table 3D effects 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table 3D effects 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Contemporary&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Elegant&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Professional&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Subtle 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Subtle 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Web 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Web 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Web 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Balloon Text&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;39&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Grid&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Table Theme&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Placeholder Text&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;1&amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;No Spacing&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;60&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Light Shading&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;61&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Light List&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;62&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Light Grid&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;63&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;64&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;65&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium List 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;66&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium List 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;67&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;68&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;69&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;70&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Dark List&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;71&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Colorful Shading&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;72&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Colorful List&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;73&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Colorful Grid&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;60&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Light Shading Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;61&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Light List Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;62&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Light Grid Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;63&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;64&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;65&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium List 1 Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Revision&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;34&amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Paragraph&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;29&amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Quote&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;30&amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Intense Quote&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;66&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium List 2 Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;67&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;68&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;69&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;70&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Dark List Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;71&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Colorful Shading Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;72&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Colorful List Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;73&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Colorful Grid Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;60&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Light Shading Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;61&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Light List Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;62&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Light Grid Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;63&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;64&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;65&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium List 1 Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;66&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium List 2 Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;67&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;68&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;69&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;70&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Dark List Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;71&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Colorful Shading Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;72&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Colorful List Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;73&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Colorful Grid Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;60&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Light Shading Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;61&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Light List Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;62&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Light Grid Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;63&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;64&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;65&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium List 1 Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;66&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium List 2 Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;67&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;68&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;69&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;70&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Dark List Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;71&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Colorful Shading Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;72&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Colorful List Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;73&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Colorful Grid Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;60&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Light Shading Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;61&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Light List Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;62&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Light Grid Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;63&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;64&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;65&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium List 1 Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;66&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium List 2 Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;67&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;68&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;69&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;70&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Dark List Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;71&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;72&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Colorful List Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;73&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;60&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Light Shading Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;61&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Light List Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;62&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Light Grid Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;63&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;64&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;65&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;66&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;67&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;68&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;69&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;70&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Dark List Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;71&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;72&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Colorful List Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;73&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;60&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Light Shading Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;61&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Light List Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;62&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Light Grid Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;63&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;64&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;65&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium List 1 Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;66&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium List 2 Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;67&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;68&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;69&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;70&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Dark List Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;71&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;72&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Colorful List Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;73&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;19&amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Subtle Emphasis&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;21&amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Intense Emphasis&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;31&amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Subtle Reference&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;32&amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Intense Reference&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;33&amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Book Title&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;37&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Bibliography&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;39&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; QFormat=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;TOC Heading&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;41&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Plain Table 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;42&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Plain Table 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;43&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Plain Table 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;44&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Plain Table 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;45&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Plain Table 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;40&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table Light&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 1 Light&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 5 Dark&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 1 Light&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 5 Dark&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 6 Colorful&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 7 Colorful&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 2 Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 3 Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 4 Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 2 Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 3 Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 4 Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 2 Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 3 Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 4 Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 2 Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 3 Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 4 Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 2 Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 3 Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 4 Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;50&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;51&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;52&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;46&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;47&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 2 Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;48&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 3 Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; Priority=&amp;amp;quot;49&amp;amp;quot; Name=&amp;amp;quot;List Table 4 Accent 6&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; 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SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Hashtag&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Unresolved Mention&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n  &amp;amp;lt;w:LsdException Locked=&amp;amp;quot;false&amp;amp;quot; SemiHidden=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&amp;amp;quot;true&amp;amp;quot;\n   Name=&amp;amp;quot;Smart Link&amp;amp;quot;/&amp;amp;gt;\n &amp;amp;lt;/w:LatentStyles&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;/xml&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;![endif]--><!-- [if gte mso 10]&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;style&amp;amp;gt;\n /* Style Definitions */\n table.MsoNormalTable\n\t{mso-style-name:&amp;amp;quot;Table Normal&amp;amp;quot;;\n\tmso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n\tmso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n\tmso-style-noshow:yes;\n\tmso-style-priority:99;\n\tmso-style-parent:&amp;amp;quot;&amp;amp;quot;;\n\tmso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n\tmso-para-margin:0in;\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n\tfont-size:10.0pt;\n\tfont-family:&amp;amp;quot;Calibri&amp;amp;quot;,sans-serif;\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:&amp;amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;amp;quot;;\n\tmso-ansi-language:EN-GB;\n\tmso-fareast-language:EN-GB;}\n&amp;amp;lt;/style&amp;amp;gt;\n&amp;amp;lt;![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--><span style='font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \"Arial\",sans-serif;'>We report the first water column profiles of dissolved methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) and nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) in western Long Island Sound, an urban estuary in which seasonal hypoxia occurs due to eutrophication and restricted exchange with the ocean. We collected samples at seven stations along an 18 km transect in August 2023, October 2023, and May 2024. CH<sub>4</sub> concentrations and sea-air fluxes were highest in August (mean concentration 101 nmol kg<sup>-1</sup> and mean sea-air flux 154 μmol m<sup>−2</sup> d<sup>−1</sup>) and lowest in May (mean concentration 32 nmol kg<sup>−1 </sup>and mean sea-air flux 62 μmol m<sup>−2</sup> d<sup>−1</sup>). Conversely, N<sub>2</sub>O concentrations and sea-air fluxes were highest in May (mean concentration 12.0 nmol kg<sup>−1</sup> and mean sea-air flux 4.8 μmol m<sup>−2</sup> d<sup>−1</sup>) and lowest in August (mean concentration 10.1 nmol kg<sup>−1</sup> and mean sea-air flux 2.5 μmol m<sup>−2</sup> d<sup>−1</sup>). Surface concentrations and sea-air fluxes of CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O were highest at the westernmost station (closest to New York City) in all three seasons. To investigate short-term variability in CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, and oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>), we collected samples every 4 hours over 28 hours at the middle station of the transect, in all three months. By evaluating the relationship between the dissolved gas concentrations, tidal stage and sampling time relative to solar noon, we concluded that there is measurable short-term variability in all three gases, and that the drivers of variability in these dissolved gases are complex and not dominated by tides or light levels alone. Our data suggest that there is a persistent source of surface water to western Long Island Sound with high concentrations of CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O which drives an along-sound gradient in surface concentrations and sea-air fluxes. </span><!--EndFragment--></p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. 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If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "methane"
                },
                {
                    "word": "nitrous oxide"
                },
                {
                    "word": "hypoxia"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Estuary"
                },
                {
                    "word": "diel cycle"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2025-10-06T06:21:26.144000+02:00",
            "date_accepted": "2025-10-06T15:10:14.299000+02:00",
            "date_published": "2025-10-06T15:10:00+02:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X54T8Z",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 3574,
                    "first_name": "Cara",
                    "middle_name": "C M",
                    "last_name": "Manning",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-4984-5093"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 121560,
                    "first_name": "Anagha",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Payyambally",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 121562,
                    "first_name": "Josie",
                    "middle_name": "L.",
                    "last_name": "Mottram",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 121561,
                    "first_name": "Kelsey",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Ward",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Manning LIS CH4 N2O EarthArXiv v1.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/10426/download/19209/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Manning LIS CH4 N2O v20250217 EarthArXiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/10426/download/21313/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12210,
            "title": "Emerging Shift in the Indian Summer Monsoon Sensitivity to Equatorial Indian Ocean Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies: Insights from High-Resolution AGCM SST Patch Experiments",
            "abstract": "Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) rainfall exhibits strong sensitivity to sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) across four Indo-Pacific nodal regions: The Western and Eastern Equatorial Indian Ocean (WEIO and EEIO), the Western Pacific (WPAC), and the Niño3.4 region. Historically, positive ISM rainfall anomalies are associated with warming in WEIO and WPAC, while warming in EEIO and Niño3.4 suppresses rainfall. However, observations after 2000 reveal a marked weakening/reversal, of the ISM response to equatorial Indian Ocean SSTAs, whereas its sensitivity to WPAC and Niño3.4 remains largely unchanged. Using high-resolution Atmospheric General Circulation Model (AGCM) SST patch experiments with idealized perturbations, we isolate the influence of these regions on monsoon variability. The simulations indicate that positive SSTAs in the equatorial Indian Ocean enhance local deep convection, lower-tropospheric diabatic heating, and moisture convergence, redistributing convection away from India and weakening ISM rainfall. These findings have important implications for monsoon predictability under a warming climate.",
            "license": {
                "name": "No Creative Commons license",
                "short_name": "No CC license",
                "text": "This option allows you to opt out of adding a Creative Commons license to your submission.",
                "url": "https://escholarship.org"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Indian Summer Monsoon"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Equatorial Indo-Pacific Climate Modes"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies"
                },
                {
                    "word": "AGCM SST Patch Experiments"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-17T08:44:11.011969+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-17T15:21:55.488926+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-17T15:21:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5G485",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 132947,
                    "first_name": "Usha",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "K H",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-4928-3318"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133454,
                    "first_name": "Sajani",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Surendran",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133455,
                    "first_name": "Kavirajan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Rajendran",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133456,
                    "first_name": "Endo",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Hirokazu",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133457,
                    "first_name": "Kitoh",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Akio",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "MRI_SSTA_earth_arxiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12210/download/21880/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 11876,
            "title": "Cross-referencing astronaut-observed lunar impact flashes with seismic data - lessons from Apollo for Artemis",
            "abstract": "During their orbits of the Moon in 1972, Apollo astronauts reported three impact flashes on the lunar surface, associated with meteoroids striking the surface and vaporizing. We examined data from the Apollo seismic network to investigate whether these flashes produced detectable moonquakes whose locations and timing could be independently validated. No candidate matches were found, though stream modelling indicates a high probability that both Apollo 17 impacts were associated with the Geminid meteor stream. Our analysis pipeline is likely instructive for coordinating observations made by future Artemis astronauts from orbit with seismic data from upcoming geophysical missions to the lunar surface.  \n",
            "license": {
                "name": "No Creative Commons license",
                "short_name": "No CC license",
                "text": "This option allows you to opt out of adding a Creative Commons license to your submission.",
                "url": "https://escholarship.org"
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "date_submitted": "2026-02-20T22:58:04.752228+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-02-21T15:45:56.460318+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-02-21T15:45:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5MF3M",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 3502,
                    "first_name": "Benjamin",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Fernando",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-7321-8401"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 8820,
                    "first_name": "Nicholas",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Schmerr",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130733,
                    "first_name": "Detlef",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Koschny",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130734,
                    "first_name": "Noah",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Petro",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130735,
                    "first_name": "Reba",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Prabhakar",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130736,
                    "first_name": "Ariel",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Deutsch",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130737,
                    "first_name": "Yosio",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Nakamura",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130738,
                    "first_name": "Jack",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Schmitt",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Geophysics and Seismology"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "pp_copy.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11876/download/21364/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12231,
            "title": "A Systematic Review of Toxic Metals Occurrences through Drinking Water in Ghana",
            "abstract": "Toxic metals (TMs) are metallic contaminants that cause adverse health effects even at low exposure levels. Arsenic (As), Manganese (Mn), Lead (Pb), and Cadmium (Cd) are among these contaminants of concern, causing irreversible developmental damage to children (Pb), as well as cardiovascular disease (Pb) and cancers (As) in adults. Arsenic and Manganese are primarily geogenic groundwater contaminants that can also be introduced to drinking water systems by localized anthropogenic contamination sources. Corrosion of lead-containing plumbing components contributes to much of the Lead in drinking water, while localized anthropogenic pollution can leach into some otherwise clean water sources as well. Cadmium is often used in fertilizers and can be an indicator of anthropogenic contamination. We reviewed published studies reporting on concentrations of As, Mn, Pb, and Cd in Ghanaian drinking water quality to assess the occurrence and potential health implications of these TMs. As part of a larger systematic review, we searched for peer-reviewed literature from PubMed, EBSCO Global Health, and the Web of Science, between November 2019 and March 17, 2025, to retrieve studies published in English after 1968 that assessed toxic metals levels or contamination in drinking water in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. This generated 20,552 studies from the initial search, which were screened down to 3,993 studies for extraction. We selected the 93 studies that measured a TM in Ghanaian drinking water for full-text review and data extraction. We focused on Arsenic, Manganese, Lead, and Cadmium, for which we had the most data on metals with WHO limits. 79 studies reported concentrations of Arsenic, Manganese, Lead, and/or Cadmium. A quality evaluation was carried out for these studies by assessing the suitability of reported sample collection, analysis, and quality assurance/quality control practices, and by extracting information on the source of drinking water, GPS coordinates, and observed concentrations for each TM. This resulted in the inclusion of 93 studies comprising 82,111 samples, with 8,124, 11,882, 6,079, and 6,679 observations for Arsenic, Manganese, Lead, and Manganese, respectively. We found that 18%, 34%, 17%, and 15% of included Ghanaian drinking water samples exceeded the WHO Guideline Values for Arsenic, Manganese, Lead, and Cadmium, respectively. Data were widespread across Ghana, though we found few studies in the regions north of Kumasi. These findings comprise sufficient evidence to recommend preventative action to eliminate such contamination in new drinking water systems in Ghana, as well as to explore potential interventions to progressively prioritize and remediate the most serious existing exposures to TMs in existing drinking water systems.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Toxic Metals"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Drinking Water"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Ghana"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Arsenic"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Manganese"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Lead"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Cadmium"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Public Health"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Heavy Metals"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-18T22:00:21.894843+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-18T22:51:14.699882+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-18T22:51:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5SF4J",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 110395,
                    "first_name": "Timothy",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Purvis",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0009-0009-2223-4899"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133544,
                    "first_name": "Sarah",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Hwang",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0009-0004-4125-8304"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133545,
                    "first_name": "Helen",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Tran",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 85250,
                    "first_name": "Zakariah",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Seidu",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-8017-2491"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 85251,
                    "first_name": "Ryan  D.",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Cronk",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-0157-4447"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133546,
                    "first_name": "Michael",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Fisher",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-0159-8238"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Sciences"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "PWAT-D-26-00045.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12231/download/21916/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12089,
            "title": "Implications of impact-energy dependent erosional efficiency on bedrock river sediment dynamics and form: 1. Reach-scale dynamics and the effective flood",
            "abstract": "Bedrock river incision reflects the cumulative geomorphic work performed across a distribution of flood magnitudes and frequencies. Mechanistic models of bedrock incision by bedload impacts typically assume that bedrock resistance to erosion is constant with respect to particle impact energy. However, recent impact experiments demonstrate that rock resistance to erosion decreases systematically as impacts become more energetic. Here we incorporate  experimentally constrained, impact-energy-dependent rock-resistance coefficient into the widely used saltation-abrasion model and evaluate how this modification alters predicted incision across a range of grain sizes and transport conditions. We find that allowing resistance to scale with impact energy strongly amplifies the grain-size dependence of detachment, such that coarse grains remove substantially more bedrock rock per impact. Applying the model across a full discharge distribution to evaluate long-term incision reveals that while impact-energy-dependent rock resistance does not meaningfully alter the effective floods, it shifts cumulative incision toward rarer, high-magnitude events. These results demonstrate that accounting for impact-driven differences in erosional efficiency fundamental alters how geomorphic work is distributed across floods, increasing the contribution of extremes to long-term bedrock erosion rates.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "sediment transport"
                },
                {
                    "word": "erosion"
                },
                {
                    "word": "fluvial geomorphology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "bedrock rivers"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-09T20:33:34.805420+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-09T21:43:30.167166+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-09T21:43:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5WF5V",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 6557,
                    "first_name": "Claire",
                    "middle_name": "C",
                    "last_name": "Masteller",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-6830-7223"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geomorphology"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Masteller_SAM_at_a_station_Main_Article_File_Preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12089/download/21680/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 11846,
            "title": "Basal Melt Dominance in Grounding-Line Dynamics: SAR Interferometry Reveals How Ocean Thermal Forcing Outpaces Tidal and Seasonal Controls in Antarctic Ice Shelves",
            "abstract": "<p>The grounding line hinge position for the Fimbul Ice Shelf (Antarctic Peninsula) was determined using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Interferometric data from June 2023 through October 2024. The data were used to determine the hinge position over eight different time intervals (i.e., SAR Pairs) at an average spatial resolution of 20 meters. The Fimbul Ice Shelf area of interest (AOI) was defined as 301,800 – 561,400 meters East (E); 1,997,480 – 2,235,240 meters North (N), and referenced to the EPSG:3031 WGS 84 Antarctic Polar Stereographic Coordinate System. A total of 75% of the detected hinges were verified through the co-location with large vertical displacement gradients. The grounding line hinge positions varied by up to +/−70 kilometers across the AOI and exhibited a temporal variability of 53-140 km during the time spanned by the data collection. Tidal forcing accounted for only 2.6% of the variance in the hinge position data collected. Seasonal variation accounted for 1.0% of the variance. However, basal melt rates derived from Southern Ocean State Estimate (SOSE) ocean temperatures accounted for 30.2% of the variance. The combination of tidal forcing, seasonal ice shelf dynamics, and basal melt rate estimates explained 71.2% of the variability in hinge position data (Adjusted R² = 0.496; Root Mean Squared Error = 21.91 km). Basal melt driven ice shelf thinning represented 44.5% of the relative importance in explaining hinge position variability, while seasonal dynamics represented 38.6%, and tidal flexure represented 16.9%. Therefore, it is estimated that there are additional factors that represent 28.8% of the variance in hinge position variability that may be related to high frequency ocean variability or rheological characteristics of the ice shelf. Therefore, the findings indicate that the grounding line hinge position for the Fimbul Ice Shelf is extremely sensitive to changes in ocean thermal properties. Specifically, each 1 degree Celsius increase in ocean temperature results in a migration of the grounding line hinge position toward the landmass of approximately 2.5 kilometers. These findings have significant implications for understanding how ice shelves will respond to projected increases in Southern Ocean temperatures (approximately 1-2 degrees Celsius) by the year 2100 and subsequently how sea levels will be impacted by these changes.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC-BY Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY-NC-SA 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nBY-NC-SA Compatible License means a license listed at creativecommons.org/compatiblelicenses, approved by Creative Commons as essentially the equivalent of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicense Elements means the license attributes listed in the name of a Creative Commons Public License. The License Elements of this Public License are Attribution, NonCommercial, and ShareAlike.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nAdditional offer from the Licensor – Adapted Material. Every recipient of Adapted Material from You automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Adapted Material under the conditions of the Adapter’s License You apply.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nShareAlike.\r\nIn addition to the conditions in Section 3(a), if You Share Adapted Material You produce, the following conditions also apply.\r\n\r\nThe Adapter’s License You apply must be a Creative Commons license with the same License Elements, this version or later, or a BY-NC-SA Compatible License.\r\nYou must include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, the Adapter's License You apply. You may satisfy this condition in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, Adapted Material that restrict exercise of the rights granted under the Adapter's License You apply.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material, including for purposes of Section 3(b); and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "SAR interferometry"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Grounding-line detection"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Fimbul Ice Shelf"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Hinge dynamics"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Sentinel-1"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Antarctic ice shelf"
                },
                {
                    "word": "InSAR processing"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Basal melt"
                },
                {
                    "word": "sea level rise"
                },
                {
                    "word": "multivariate analysis"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-02-18T13:41:54.562032+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-02-18T15:55:52.551504+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-02-18T15:55:00+01:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.31223/X5CX7S",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5CX7S",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 130429,
                    "first_name": "Shobha",
                    "middle_name": "Mourya",
                    "last_name": "Dumpati",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": "0009-0006-7086-7058"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geophysics and Seismology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Glaciology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Oceanography"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Inverting SAR Interferometry_EarthArXiv .pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11846/download/21317/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Inverting SAR Interferometry_01.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11846/download/22120/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12241,
            "title": "Advances in tree species identification from high-resolution aerial imagery and deep learning",
            "abstract": "<p>Tree species diversity shapes forest functioning, carbon storage, and ecosystem resilience, yet species-level inventories remain limited outside local studies. High-resolution aerial imagery and deep learning now enable individual tree crowns to be mapped at high spatial detail, offering new pathways for biodiversity and climate impact assessments. We synthesize 103 studies (2017–2024), representing 671 deep learning–based species identification tasks using aerial imagery and associated multimodal data across ecosystems and sensor types. Current research is regionally imbalanced and relies heavily on multi-stage classification workflows, with sparse use of multi-temporal or multimodal inputs in end-to-end workflows. We identify core methodological gaps and highlight the need for cross-biome standardized curation, multimodal fusion, automated workflows, and advanced model architectures to achieve scalable species mapping.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Forest inventory"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Deep learning"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Tree detection"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Aerial image"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Computer vision"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Individual tree detection"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-19T13:58:31.439909+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-20T23:14:28.095144+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-20T23:14:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5RF47",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 133564,
                    "first_name": "Zhongyu",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Xia",
                    "salutation": "Miss",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 111823,
                    "first_name": "Teja",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Kattenborn",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133565,
                    "first_name": "Jan",
                    "middle_name": "Dirk",
                    "last_name": "Wegner",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133566,
                    "first_name": "Arthur",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Gessler",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133040,
                    "first_name": "Verena",
                    "middle_name": "C.",
                    "last_name": "Griess",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130913,
                    "first_name": "Mirela",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Beloiu",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Forest Management"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Other Forestry and Forest Sciences"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Main_TSI_Review_ZX_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12241/download/21932/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Main_TSI_Review_ZX_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12241/download/22019/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12190,
            "title": "Experimental Investigation of Movement and Deposition of Woody-Debris Suspensions in Inclined Channel Tests",
            "abstract": "Debris flows, which mobilize large volumes of water, sediment, and woody debris, pose significant risks to human communities and infrastructure. In wildfire-affected forested areas, the accumulation of woody debris in drainage channels is exacerbated, thereby increasing the potential for more hazardous debris flows. To examine the influence of woody debris on debris flow dynamics, an inclined channel test, allowing the observation of woody debris flow in an inclined channel and its deposition in a horizontal tank, was conducted with highly concentrated woody-debris suspensions composed of clay, silt, woody debris, and water. This study explores how variations in fine-sediment fraction (Cvf), woody debris proportion (Cvg), and woody debris size (Sw) impact flow behavior, including the entry speed (V0) into the horizontal tank, and deposition characteristics such as runout distance (LR), deposit width (WR), deposit thickness (HR), and final profiles on a 20o  channel slope. To examine the influence of proportions and sizes of woody debris on the entry speed, an empirical equation is presented relating V0 to Cvf, Cvg and Sw using multiple linear regression analysis. The results indicate that a higher Cvf and Cvg yields smaller entry speeds, leading to shorter runout distances, thicker deposits, and wider deposit extents. The tests of larger Sw generate larger entry speeds, resulting in longer runout distances while producing thinner and narrower deposits. Empirical equations relating V0 to LR and WR are also provided to further demonstrate the influence of entry speeds on the deposit characteristics. Additionally, a strong correlation was found between inclined channel test parameters (e.g., entry speed, runout distance, and maximum deposit width) and rheological parameters (e.g., yield stress and viscosity), suggesting that rheological properties can be indirectly estimated from inclined channel tests. These findings offer valuable insights for improving the understanding and prediction of woody debris flow behavior, particularly in post-wildfire landscapes.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Inclined channel test"
                },
                {
                    "word": " woody-debris suspensions"
                },
                {
                    "word": " rheological properties"
                },
                {
                    "word": " entry speed"
                },
                {
                    "word": " deposit characteristics"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-16T07:50:01.965304+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-16T22:52:34.618516+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-16T22:52:00+01:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnnfm.2025.105547",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5QN27",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 133377,
                    "first_name": "Chyan-Deng",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Jan",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133376,
                    "first_name": "Le-Trang",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Nguyen",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": "0009-0005-0829-7747"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Engineering"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "JNNFM__3.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12190/download/21848/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "jnnfm__3a.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12190/download/21874/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12091,
            "title": "Slope-dependent riverbed strengthening and the evolution of the threshold for motion in gravel-bed rivers",
            "abstract": "<p>The threshold for motion exerts a fundamental control on sediment transport, channel morphology, and fluvial erosion. While channel slope and flow history are known to influence entrainment thresholds in gravel-bed rivers, their interaction has not been explored. We investigate how channel slope modulates riverbed strengthening during low-flow periods. Flume experiments were conducted across slopes spanning more than an order of magnitude (S=5–70 mm/m) with hydraulic forcing scaled relative to slope-specific entrainment thresholds. Across all slopes, sediment flux decreased with increasing conditioning time, indicating progressive riverbed strengthening. Strengthening rates increased strongly with slope, reflecting more effective stabilization by low flows. At steep slopes, reduced hydrodynamic lift forces may combine with ongoing granular rearrangement during low flows to progressively stabilize the bed, increasing grain resistance to entrainment. These results demonstrate that slope exerts a strong control on riverbed recovery following floods. Because strengthening rates scale predictably with channel gradient, slope may provide a first-order parameter for predicting flow-history-driven evolution of entrainment thresholds in sediment transport models, with implications for erosion rates, channel form, and the distribution of geomorphic work across watersheds.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Sediment transport"
                },
                {
                    "word": "erosion"
                },
                {
                    "word": "fluvial geomorphology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "rivers"
                },
                {
                    "word": "floods"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-10T19:49:54.124551+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-10T21:48:04.264244+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-10T21:47:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X54181",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 16205,
                    "first_name": "Robert",
                    "middle_name": "P",
                    "last_name": "Kostynick",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-4789-6804"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 132886,
                    "first_name": "Julia",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Prata",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 132887,
                    "first_name": "Jesse",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Bower",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 6557,
                    "first_name": "Claire",
                    "middle_name": "C",
                    "last_name": "Masteller",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-6830-7223"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geomorphology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Hydrology"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "EarthArXivFullFile2.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12091/download/21711/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "EarthArXivFullFile.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12091/download/21709/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Kostynick_et_al_Flow_History_Preprint_v2.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12091/download/21742/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 8183,
            "title": "Theory and Conditions for AI-Based Inversion Paradigm of Geophysical Parameters Using Energy Balance",
            "abstract": "<p>To construct a universal artificial intelligence (AI) model for geophysical parameter inversion, this study proposes a new remote sensing parameter inversion paradigm theory by changing cognition to unify physical, statistical, and AI methods. In the AI era, deep learning serves as a macro-micro cognitive bridge, transforming remote sensing from classical physics to a quantum remote sensing paradigm. Using the energy balance equation, we demonstrate that establishing a closed system of physical inversion equations between input and output variables in deep learning is the foundation for forming parameter inversion paradigms. On this basis, a generalized statistical method is constructed to guide the acquisition of representative solutions required for deep learning, thereby achieving the coupling of physical and statistical methods. Meanwhile, paradigm judgment conditions can improve the accuracy of data collection. Theoretical derivation and experimental results indicate that deep learning achieves physical consistency and generalization in remote sensing parameter inversion. This theory lays the foundation for developing AI parameter inversion models based on energy balance and can also optimize the design of remote sensing sensors. We call this theory and condition Mao's theory and condition. Analysis shows that deep learning, viewing neural networks as quantum integral transfer units, realizes seamless connectivity from quantum interactions to macro understanding, with information processing resolution approaching nature's intrinsic granularity and significantly reducing distortion in cross-scale mapping. Computational power and energy emerge as core production factors, with deep learning as a \"universal coordinate system generator,\" accelerating qualitative transformations in human cognition.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Artificial Intelligence"
                },
                {
                    "word": "remote sensing parameter inversion"
                },
                {
                    "word": "energy balance"
                },
                {
                    "word": "universal paradigm"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2024-12-08T05:38:08.794000+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2024-12-08T14:57:29.944000+01:00",
            "date_published": "2024-12-08T06:57:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5H13J",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 93591,
                    "first_name": "Kebiao",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Mao",
                    "salutation": "Prof.",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 93592,
                    "first_name": "Chenhao",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Wu",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 93593,
                    "first_name": "Zijin",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Yuan",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 93594,
                    "first_name": "Yangyang",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Liu",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 93595,
                    "first_name": "Mengmeng",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Cao",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 93596,
                    "first_name": "Han",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Wang",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
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                    "original_filename": "Earth-ARXIV-New-theory.pdf",
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                    "original_filename": "Theory and Conditions for AI-Based Inversion Paradigm of Geophysical Parameters.pdf",
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        },
        {
            "pk": 11580,
            "title": "Automating glacier facies classification: pan-European dataset and deep learning baseline",
            "abstract": "<p>Glacier facies play a critical role in understanding the mass balance of glaciers, offering insights into accumulation and melting processes. Large-scale mapping of glacier facies from satellite data is therefore essential for monitoring glacier response to climate change and informing climate policies. In this study, we present the largest glacier facies dataset ever compiled for Europe, comprising 31 glaciers, 92 Landsat and Sentinel-2 scenes, 137592 expert point labels and eight classes—five glacier facies (ice, snow, debris, firn and refrozen-like) and three miscellaneous classes (shadow, water and cloud)—encompassing a wide variety of surface conditions. A confident learning method pruned 16% of ambiguous expert labels overall. A compact and straightforward convolutional neural network reached a macro-average F1 score of 82% on the complete cleaned data or 74% on the full, unpruned data, and 82.3±10.5% glacier-wise. This performance remains consistent across different regions and sensors. When the facies products were regressed against World Glacier Monitoring Service records, they showed moderate, yet significant correlation with the surface mass balance measurements globally (r = 0.65, RMSE = 0.60 m w.e., where 1 m w.e. = 1000 kg m<sup>-2</sup> denotes metre of water equivalent) and competitive correspondence for glacier-specific calibration (r = 0.79, RMSE = 0.28 m w.e.). Overall, the dataset and baseline show that large-scale glacier facies classification can be achieved with high consistency. By providing both the dataset and baseline classification models, we aim to support the broader community in developing more advanced methods for glacier facies mapping to enhance our understanding of ongoing glacial changes.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC-BY Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Glacier mapping"
                },
                {
                    "word": "glacier facies"
                },
                {
                    "word": "confident learning"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Deep learning"
                },
                {
                    "word": "convolutional neural network"
                },
                {
                    "word": "glacier surface mass balance"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-01-27T17:03:14.579000+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-01-27T21:03:13.560000+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-01-27T21:03:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5QN1V",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 98442,
                    "first_name": "Konstantin",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Maslov",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 88943,
                    "first_name": "Thomas",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Schellenberger",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 128654,
                    "first_name": "Prashant",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Pandit",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 105912,
                    "first_name": "Claudio",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Persello",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 105913,
                    "first_name": "Alfred",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Stein",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Artificial Intelligence and Robotics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Glaciology"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Automating_glacier_facies_classification_pan_European_dataset_and_deep_learning_baseline.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11580/download/20936/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Automating_glacier_facies_classification__pan_European_dataset_and_deep_learning_baseline.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11580/download/21306/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Automating_glacier_facies_classification__pan_European_dataset_and_deep_learning_baseline.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11580/download/21290/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18469893",
                    "label": "Dataset"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/konstantin-a-maslov/glacier_facies_classification",
                    "label": "Codebase"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 12232,
            "title": "Characterizing the interrelationships of commonly used water measures",
            "abstract": "There are numerous commonly used measures of household water access that capture various dimensions of the household water experience, but it is unclear if individual variables are complementary, redundant, or uniquely informative. We characterized how measures of household water access are statistically and conceptually interrelated. Using data collected from 861 households in Beira, Mozambique we used correlation analyses to characterize relationships between measures of household safe water access, and factor analyses to characterize interrelationships and constructs being measured. In a subset of 75 households, we assessed the parameterization and classification of water quality variables, and how variable definitions impact correlations between variables. Correlation and factor analysis showed that the component variables that make up the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) service ladder measured distinct elements related to water access, adequacy, and quality, and that these component variables offer unique information that may not be portrayed when just presenting the JMP water service ladder by itself. User satisfaction was broadly correlated with many variables, even with microbiological water quality, suggesting “satisfaction” captures a breadth of safe household water access. In the factor analysis, the user satisfaction loaded in distinct constructs, indicating potential to reduce these multiple satisfaction variables. How water quality variables were classified (e.g., binary, raw, or log-transformed) strongly contributed to how they correlated with each other. There was little correlation between E. coli and various pathogens in water. Our research highlights the complexities of relationships between household water access variables, and characterization of these interrelationships inform how to use and interpret measures in research and practice.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "household water access"
                },
                {
                    "word": " HWISE"
                },
                {
                    "word": " JMP water service ladder"
                },
                {
                    "word": " water quality"
                },
                {
                    "word": " user satisfaction"
                },
                {
                    "word": " factor analysis"
                },
                {
                    "word": " correlation analysis"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-18T22:00:23.230319+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-18T22:52:32.411879+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-18T22:52:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5NN17",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 133547,
                    "first_name": "Joshua  V.",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Garn",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-4360-466X"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133548,
                    "first_name": "Courtney",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Victor",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130838,
                    "first_name": "Yarrow",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Linden",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-7851-9695"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 123668,
                    "first_name": "Rebecca",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Kann",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-7024-5885"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 123670,
                    "first_name": "Jedidiah",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Snyder",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130841,
                    "first_name": "Christine",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Fagnant-Sperati",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-9794-307X"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 123671,
                    "first_name": "Sandy",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "McGunegill",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130843,
                    "first_name": "Magalhães",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Mangamela",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 123669,
                    "first_name": "Sydney",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Hubbard",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-7005-3197"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 3975,
                    "first_name": "Joe",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Brown",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 123675,
                    "first_name": "Rassul",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Nalá",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 107171,
                    "first_name": "Karen",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Levy",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-0968-9401"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 123676,
                    "first_name": "Matthew  C.",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Freeman",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Public Health"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "PWAT-D-26-00047.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12232/download/21917/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://osf.io/cb7f9",
                    "label": "Public data"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 12208,
            "title": "Do Less Predictable Tropical Cyclones Induce Larger Damages?",
            "abstract": "Tropical cyclones (TCs) cause substantial disaster losses worldwide. Forecast skill for TC track and intensity has been improved by enhanced observations, high-resolution numerical models, advanced data assimilation methods, and applications of machine-learning methods. Yet these improvements have not consistently translated into reduced losses, in part because disaster outcomes depend on many other elements, including communications between weather agency and the public. Therefore, it is not straightforward to observe the damage reduction by improved TC forecast, and the impact of the improvement of TC track and intensity forecast on damage has not been comprehensively quantified using real-world data. In this study, we examine 31 TCs that made landfall in Japan between 2006 and 2023 and quantify how errors in Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) operational TC track and intensity forecasts relate to flood-induced damage. To our knowledge, this is the first nationwide assessment for Japan linking operational TC forecast accuracy to observed TC-induced damages. Our multi-linear regression analysis reveals that along-track forecast error -- distance between forecast and actual positions along the direction of travel -- is positively associated with building and household damages (p&lt;0.05), implying greater residential and structural impacts when forecasted TC positions deviate farther along the track. Conversely, landfall timing and intensity errors show no statistically significant association with flood damage. Despite the unclear causal relationships, these findings imply that further reductions in track error, particularly its along-track component, may contribute to mitigating TC-related flood losses.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC-BY Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "forecast errors"
                },
                {
                    "word": "flood damage"
                },
                {
                    "word": "regression models"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Japan"
                },
                {
                    "word": "tropical cyclones"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-17T04:42:37.375996+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-17T15:23:52.570525+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-17T15:23:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X56N2K",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 133449,
                    "first_name": "Hikari",
                    "middle_name": "Viviane",
                    "last_name": "Yamamoto Fukuda",
                    "salutation": "Miss",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-4116-2551"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 4623,
                    "first_name": "Md.",
                    "middle_name": "Rezuanul",
                    "last_name": "Islam",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-4934-8924"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 98836,
                    "first_name": "Yohei",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Sawada",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Atmospheric Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Hydrology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Meteorology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Statistical Models"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Article_TC_error_economic_damages__2026__preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12208/download/21878/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12212,
            "title": "WetlandMapper: A Python package for automatic wetland mapping, dynamics classification, and cover-type characterisation from multispectral time-series data",
            "abstract": "",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Python"
                },
                {
                    "word": " remote sensing"
                },
                {
                    "word": " wetlands"
                },
                {
                    "word": " wetland dynamics"
                },
                {
                    "word": " wetland cover types"
                },
                {
                    "word": " time series"
                },
                {
                    "word": " xarray Google Earth Engine"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Wetland mapping"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Google Earth Engine"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Wetland Cover Types"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Python package"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Wetland hydrology"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-17T12:37:34.866636+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-17T19:12:18.125235+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-17T19:12:00+01:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18967176",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5JX93",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 133467,
                    "first_name": "Manudeo",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Singh",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-3511-8362"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Sciences"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "prePrint_WetlandMapper.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12212/download/21884/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12237,
            "title": "Investigating the application of LLMs to invertebrate palaeontology through the development of automated taxonomy assistants for brachiopod identification",
            "abstract": "Taxonomic identification is a central practice in palaeontology, underpinning biostratigraphic correlations, palaeobiogeographic reconstructions, and analyses of macroevolutionary patterns. Despite its importance, taxonomy depends on a limited number of specialists and on the synthesis of extensive descriptive literature that is often difficult to access. Recent developments in artificial intelligence provide potential tools to support taxonomic work and improve accessibility and efficiency in fossil identification. Most automated approaches have so far relied on deep learning models trained on photographic datasets of fossil specimens. While effective for some microfossil groups, these systems face substantial limitations when applied to macrofossils, which are often incompletely preserved, morphologically complex, and poorly suited to standardized imaging workflows.\nBecause palaeontological taxonomy is fundamentally text-based—relying on diagnoses, descriptions, and comparative remarks published in the literature—Large Language Models (LLMs) offer an alternative framework for automated assistance. Here we explore the application of LLM-augmented taxonomy systems (LATS) to invertebrate fossil identification through the development of a prototype system for brachiopods. The system is trained on genus-level diagnoses extracted from the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part H: Brachiopoda (Revised), one of the most comprehensive and authoritative compilations of fossil invertebrate taxonomy. Strategies were implemented to address the brevity of diagnoses, including integration with descriptions of higher-rank taxa and adjustable retrieval knowledge basis.\nPreliminary testing indicates that the system reliably provides plausible candidate matches and handles complex morphological terminology effectively. LATS thus represent a promising approach for developing automated assistants in macrofossil taxonomy, with potential future integration of expanded textual databases and image-based analyses.\n",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "taxonomy"
                },
                {
                    "word": " palaeontology"
                },
                {
                    "word": " LLM"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Artificial intelligence"
                },
                {
                    "word": " brachiopods"
                },
                {
                    "word": " biodiversity"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-19T08:22:08.130319+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-19T15:16:15.806142+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-19T15:16:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5D48J",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 130001,
                    "first_name": "Alessandro",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Carniti",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 129976,
                    "first_name": "Michael",
                    "middle_name": "Henry",
                    "last_name": "Stephenson",
                    "salutation": "Prof.",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130000,
                    "first_name": "Jiaxi",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Yang",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130002,
                    "first_name": "Shuzhong",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Shen",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130003,
                    "first_name": "Junxuan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Fan",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130004,
                    "first_name": "Jieping",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Ye",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Carniti_al-BrachiopodLATS-EarthArXiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12237/download/21923/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12235,
            "title": "Polymineralic synneusis in silicic magmas revealed by megacryst-inclusion orientation relationships",
            "abstract": "Crystal aggregation via synneusis is well-documented in many common igneous minerals, such as quartz and olivine. Synneusis is typically described as a monomineralic process whereby two crystals of the same mineral adhere in specific low-energy orientation relationships. In contrast, unlike minerals are generally assumed to be antipathetic. Nonetheless, the occurrence of polymineralic synneusis (systematically oriented attachment of unlike mineral pairs) has been postulated but never quantitatively demonstrated. Therefore, the occurrence and characteristics of polymineralic synneusis, and its impacts on the behaviour of magmatic systems, remain poorly understood.\nWe apply spatially correlated microstructural analyses, including electron backscatter diffraction and cathodoluminescence mapping, to test whether polymineralic crystal aggregates can form via synneusis. The abundant mineral inclusions within K-feldspar megacrysts in granites have previously been postulated to arise from polymineralic synneusis, therefore we chose to study examples of this texture from two unrelated plutons. Textural observations confirm that inclusions of plagioclase, amphibole and various accessory minerals grew independently in the magma before attaching to the megacrysts. \nAnalysis of the crystallographic orientations of plagioclase, amphibole, titanite and magnetite relative to their host K-feldspar reveal variably systematic orientation relationships. Plagioclase, amphibole and titanite show distinct suites of orientations within each growth sector of the K-feldspar, while magnetite does not. Titanite orientations appear to be controlled mainly by shape, whereas amphibole orientations cannot easily be explained by shape alone, so may also have a crystallographic control. Plagioclase orientations are tightly crystallographically controlled due to the lattice similarities between K-feldspar and plagioclase. Some of the observed K-feldspar-plagioclase orientation relationships follow established feldspar twin laws, which represent low-energy grain interfaces. However, we also observe orientation relationships that have not been documented as growth twins and are diagnostic synneusis relationships. In particular, the predominance of combined Baveno-type relationships resulting from the attachment of (010) and (001) feldspar faces appears to be unique to synneusis. We infer that crystals encountering each other in the magma attached, and then rotated into more favourable orientations, due to the minimisation of interfacial energy.\nSynneusis has been considered diagnostic of low-viscosity, low-crystallinity magmas, but our results demonstrate that this is not always the case, as the megacrysts grew in relatively viscous, silicic, crystal-rich magma. The occurrence of polymineralic synneusis even in these granitic systems suggests that it may be an important and widespread magmatic process, creating crystal clusters that potentially impact both the rheological behaviour and geochemical evolution of the host magma.\n",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "EBSD"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Granite"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Megacryst"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Microstructure"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Synneusis"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-19T00:29:25.518382+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-19T09:46:29.700041+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-19T09:46:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5HZ0Q",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 133550,
                    "first_name": "Charlotte",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Gordon",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0009-0002-7400-6686"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 8532,
                    "first_name": "David",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Wallis",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Synneusis paper for EarthArXiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12235/download/21920/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12095,
            "title": "Remote Forcing of Internal Waves in Regional Ocean Models",
            "abstract": "Regional oceanic general circulation models with nested grids are an\nessential approach to allow the use of higher grid resolutions.  High\nresolution is required for the study of smaller scale processes, such\nas submesoscale currents and the internal wave field, in particular\nthe baroclinic tide.  Limits of available computing power determine\nthe size of the computational grid, setting the maximum size of the\nmodeled domain.  A serious problem arises because internal waves can\npropagate over long distances, providing a remotely forced component\nfor the wave field in any model that doesn't cover a complete oceanic\nbasin.  Current approaches in regional oceanic modeling are not\nadequate. The often used approach of radiative-restoring boundary\nconditions that work well for flows at sub-inertial time-scales are\ninadequate to force sufficiently energetic high-frequency internal\nwaves.  Prescribed (or ``clamped'') boundary conditions are\nsusceptible to spurious reflection of energy at the boundaries,\nleading to an overestimate of internal wave energy inside the regional\nmodel domain.  We propose a combination of a dynamic tuning between\npropagating and externally prescribed boundary conditions based on\nmatching the vertically-integrated, high-frequency pressure flux\nacross an open boundary.  We show that this approach provides accurate\ninternal wave energy fluxes at the boundaries of the regional\ndomain. This innovation is both necessary and sufficient to\ninvestigate the dynamics of the internal wave field continuum and its\ninteractions with submesoscale flows at the high spatial resolutions\nthat regional oceanic models allow.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC-By Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce and reproduce, but not Share, Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material, You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, You do not have permission under this Public License to Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only and provided You do not Share Adapted Material;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Ocean modelling"
                },
                {
                    "word": "internal tides"
                },
                {
                    "word": "regional modelling"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-10T02:57:05.328189+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-10T08:56:35.316435+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-10T08:56:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5N18P",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 132912,
                    "first_name": "Jeroen",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Molemaker",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 132913,
                    "first_name": "Pierre",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Damien",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 132914,
                    "first_name": "Devin",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Dollery",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "OpenBC.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12095/download/21687/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 11842,
            "title": "Filling the monitoring gap: Aquatic ecosystem metabolism as a cost-effective, scalable tool for assessing marine carbon dioxide removal",
            "abstract": "Marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR) is an emerging climate mitigation solution increasingly recognized as necessary to supplement greenhouse gas emission reductions. Various mCDR methods, from biotic to abiotic measures, are being piloted, fueled by enthusiasm from governments and the private sector. As companies start to sell carbon credits, standards for monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) to assess removed carbon and environmental impacts have begun to lag behind, putting the credibility of mCDR at risk. Currently proposed assessment frameworks require costly, complex measurements that can pose a practical barrier, especially for smaller projects. Although dissolved oxygen is easily measured and often included as a required monitoring parameter, its role in evaluating ecosystem status remains poorly defined—highlighting gaps in MRV interpretation and implementation. To address this monitoring bottleneck, we propose the widespread adoption of aquatic ecosystem metabolism metrics in the MRV pipeline. Ecosystem metabolism, which can be calculated using low-cost, autonomous oxygen sensor measurements, provides real-time, integrative insights into how mCDR interventions affect carbon cycling and ecosystem function. Here, we review how metabolism has been used as an effective tool in environmental management and highlight parallels with mCDR assessment needs. We then present a synthesis of metabolism measurements in coastal ecosystems and describe how scaling these measurements can address key mCDR assessment challenges. We also discuss practical considerations and opportunities for incorporating metabolism into MRV frameworks. By tracking ecosystem responses across mCDR methods and deployment sites, metabolism provides a readily measured and communicated metric that serves as a practical addition to the mCDR monitoring toolkit.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "MRV"
                },
                {
                    "word": "dissolved oxygen"
                },
                {
                    "word": "carbon dioxide removal"
                },
                {
                    "word": "ecosystem metabolism"
                },
                {
                    "word": "impact assessment"
                },
                {
                    "word": "carbon accounting"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-02-17T18:24:28.957460+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-02-18T09:57:33.173683+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-02-18T09:57:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5NF49",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 130563,
                    "first_name": "Emily",
                    "middle_name": "J",
                    "last_name": "Chua",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130562,
                    "first_name": "Hilary",
                    "middle_name": "I",
                    "last_name": "Palevsky",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "EarthArXiv_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11842/download/21312/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 10283,
            "title": "Beyond the mangroves: a global synthesis of tidal forested wetland types, drivers and future information opportunities",
            "abstract": "<p>There is increasing awareness of the global diversity of tidal forested wetlands (TFWs) and their significance in the provision of ecosystem services. These ecosystems, including mangrove forests, tidal freshwater forested wetlands, supratidal forests and transitional forests together span multiple climatic zones, geomorphic settings, and inundation and salinity regimes. We utilise case studies across five continents to demonstrate the state of knowledge among TFWs. Intertidal mangroves are the best-defined of the TFWs thanks to decades of research on their geomorphology, hydrology and ecology across their broad distribution. Non-mangrove forest settings, however, demonstrate more diverse hydrological, biochemical and vegetation conditions. In many cases, non-mangrove forests are situated at upper intertidal or supratidal elevations, where surface waters and groundwater are subject to interactions between tides freshwater inputs. Salinity datasets show variations ranging from tidal freshwater forested wetlands and ‘low-salinity mangroves’ to mesohaline or marine salinities, often with high temporal variability. While the floristic composition of non-mangrove forests vary among biogeographic regions, locally dominant TFW species are commonly distributed beyond the tidal niche into non-tidal wetland and upland forests. This presents challenges for traditional remote sensing approaches to ecosystem mapping, which are mostly lacking for non-mangrove forests. Geomorphic approaches and developments in machine learning offer opportunities to address this.</p>\n<p>The landscape position and forested structure of TFWs supports provision of timber, fuel, foods and other culturally important products, as well as maintenance of aquatic and coastal services and greenhouse gas regulation. Growing evidence of these ecosystem service values can motivate arrest and reversal of historic and contemporary TFW losses. Major knowledge gaps regarding the roles of tidal processes and biophysical controls – and the implications of sea-level rise and climate change – could be addressed to maintain these ecosystem services given contemporary and extensive historic losses of TFW distribution. This gap is particularly significant in major river deltas (including the Amazon and Niger) and lowland peat swamp forests of Southeast Asia. Continued collaboration across diverse settings, and the incorporation of non-mangrove forests into mangrove and blue carbon initiatives presents new opportunities for improved outcomes for all TFWs across local to global scales.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "No Creative Commons license",
                "short_name": "No CC license",
                "text": "This option allows you to opt out of adding a Creative Commons license to your submission.",
                "url": "https://escholarship.org"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Coastal forested wetlands"
                },
                {
                    "word": "tidal freshwater forested wetlands"
                },
                {
                    "word": "supratidal forests"
                },
                {
                    "word": "tidal forests"
                },
                {
                    "word": "swamp forests"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Sea-level rise"
                },
                {
                    "word": "blue carbon"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2025-09-18T23:59:55.942000+02:00",
            "date_accepted": "2025-09-20T12:45:15.232000+02:00",
            "date_published": "2025-09-20T12:45:00+02:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5ZF2B",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 120604,
                    "first_name": "Jeffrey",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Kelleway",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-5145-9466"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 120605,
                    "first_name": "Gregory",
                    "middle_name": "B",
                    "last_name": "Noe",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 120606,
                    "first_name": "Ken",
                    "middle_name": "W",
                    "last_name": "Krauss",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 120607,
                    "first_name": "Laura",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Brophy",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 120608,
                    "first_name": "William",
                    "middle_name": "H",
                    "last_name": "Connor",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 120609,
                    "first_name": "Jamie",
                    "middle_name": "A",
                    "last_name": "Duberstein",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 28125,
                    "first_name": "Daniel A.",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Friess",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 112141,
                    "first_name": "Keryn",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Gedan",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 120610,
                    "first_name": "Elliott",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "White Jr",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 120611,
                    "first_name": "Maria Fernanda",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Adame",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 84364,
                    "first_name": "Janine",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Adams",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 120612,
                    "first_name": "Rafael",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Carvalho",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 120613,
                    "first_name": "Alei",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Freddie",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 120614,
                    "first_name": "Igu",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Nwabueze Ikenna",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 120615,
                    "first_name": "Elsie",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Rivera Ocasio",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 120616,
                    "first_name": "Christopher",
                    "middle_name": "J",
                    "last_name": "Owers",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 120617,
                    "first_name": "Sigit",
                    "middle_name": "Deni",
                    "last_name": "Sasmito",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 120618,
                    "first_name": "Andrew",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Swales",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 120619,
                    "first_name": "Phoebe",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Stewart-Sinclair",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 90613,
                    "first_name": "Raymond",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "D. Ward",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 120620,
                    "first_name": "Inigo",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Zabarte-Maeztu",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Biodiversity"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Forest Management"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Forest Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Other Forestry and Forest Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Global synthesis of tidal forested wetlands_pre-print.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/10283/download/18989/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Global synthesis of tidal forested wetlands_pre-print_20260219.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/10283/download/21323/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12405,
            "title": "MonteCarlo Biphasic Estimation of Fire Properties (McBEF): Part I, Algorithm formulation",
            "abstract": "Sub-pixel fire characterization is essential for quantifying wildfire energetics, combustion phase dynamics, and their atmospheric impacts from satellite observations. This study presents a series of Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) to systematically evaluate the influence of temperature phase complexity, channel selection, and intra-phase temperature heterogeneity on the performance of a Bayesian retrieval framework. Using synthetic observations derived from a multi-phase radiance model, we assess retrieval skill across key fire properties—including Fire Radiative Power (FRP), visible energy fraction (VEF), and flaming heat flux—under realistic sensor constraints. Results show that a bi-phasic fire model provides a strong balance between accuracy and observational feasibility, outperforming conventional approaches such as Wooster’s FRP regression, particularly in low-intensity fire scenarios. FRP is found to be the most resilient parameter to model and characterize observational uncertainties, while VEF and heat flux estimates are more sensitive to both fire phase partitioning and spectral coverage. Shortwave and mid-infrared bands, especially the day-night band (DNB) and 2.25 \\mum m channels, are shown to offer the greatest constraint on retrieval accuracy. We further analyze the impact of intra-phase temperature variability and propose practical filtering strategies for identifying low-confidence cases, such as smoldering-dominated fires. This paper serves as the first part of a companion study on multi-channel fire retrieval. In the subsequent paper, we apply the bi-phasic Bayesian framework to real VIIRS nighttime observations and assess algorithm performance in an operational setting.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC-By Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce and reproduce, but not Share, Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material, You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, You do not have permission under this Public License to Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only and provided You do not Share Adapted Material;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Wildfire"
                },
                {
                    "word": "sub-pixel characterization"
                },
                {
                    "word": "flaming temperature"
                },
                {
                    "word": "smoldering temperature"
                },
                {
                    "word": "fire radiative power"
                },
                {
                    "word": "modified combustion efficiency"
                },
                {
                    "word": "heat flux"
                },
                {
                    "word": "OSSE"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Bayesian"
                },
                {
                    "word": "retrievals"
                },
                {
                    "word": "wildfire"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-29T23:59:03.698116+02:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-30T01:54:08.668984+02:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-30T01:54:00+02:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X59477",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 134213,
                    "first_name": "Meng",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Zhou",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134215,
                    "first_name": "Arlindo",
                    "middle_name": "M.",
                    "last_name": "da Silva",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-3381-4030"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130748,
                    "first_name": "Jun",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Wang",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Applied Statistics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Statistics and Probability"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "McBEF_part_I_OSSE.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12405/download/22153/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "McBEF_part_I_OSSE.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12405/download/22154/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12092,
            "title": "A terrain-aware approach for image-based urban flood monitoring",
            "abstract": "Urban nuisance flooding is widespread, yet quantitative observations of its magnitude and spatial variability remain limited. Most image-based approaches provide only relative measures of flooded image fraction, while quantitative methods require surveyed ground control and three-dimensional reconstruction. We introduce a terrain aware, perspective weighted framework that converts flooded image fractions directly into estimates of water level and inundation area using only topography and camera geometry. Our approach combines high resolution digital terrain models with a simple depression-based flood fill model to generate camera specific reference curves that relate water level to a perspective corrected flooding index. Applied to more than 350,000 images from eight cameras deployed across a community in Cahokia Heights, Illinois, the method shows strong agreement between modeled and observed flooding indices, allowing quantitative reconstruction of multi-year flood dynamics. Estimated maximum water levels range from 25 to 86 centimeters, and maximum flooded areas vary by more than an order of magnitude across sites, revealing pronounced neighborhood scale variability in flooding patterns. Our method provides a proof of concept for scalable, low cost, image-based approaches for distributed urban flood monitoring.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Flooding"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Urban Hydrology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Topography"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-12T18:18:04.187200+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-12T19:15:02.903416+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-12T19:15:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5XB54",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 132888,
                    "first_name": "Jedidiah",
                    "middle_name": "E",
                    "last_name": "Dale",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 6557,
                    "first_name": "Claire",
                    "middle_name": "C",
                    "last_name": "Masteller",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-6830-7223"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Monitoring"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Hydrology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Water Resource Management"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "EarthArXiv Dale and Masteller.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12092/download/21778/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12406,
            "title": "MonteCarlo Biphasic Estimation of Fire Properties (McBEF): Part II, Night-time VIIRS Implementation",
            "abstract": "This study presents the application and global evaluation of the Monte Carlo Biphasic Estimation of Fire Properties (McBEF) algorithm using nighttime observations from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). McBEF extends traditional fire retrieval techniques by partitioning sub-pixel combustion into flaming and smoldering phases, enabling the estimation of phase-specific temperatures and fractional areas through a Bayesian inference framework. Building upon theoretical analyses and simulation-based validation in Part I, we apply McBEF to the NASA's VIIRS Fire Light Detection Algorithm version 2 (FILDA-2) fire detection product and assess its performance using a series of real-world wildfire cases, high-resolution Landsat observations, and multi-angle VIIRS views. We show that McBEF produces physically consistent fire parameter estimates across diverse land cover types and observation geometries. Compared to conventional empirical Fire Radiative Power (FRP) retrievals, McBEF achieves improved radiative closure and significantly reduces angular dependence in FRP estimates, a key advancement for satellite-based emission inventories. Global analyses reveal biome-specific combustion patterns and seasonal variations in flaming temperature, which correlate well with meteorological indicators such as the Fire Weather Index. A proof-of-concept assessment further demonstrates that McBEF-derived flaming heat fluxes for pyroCb events exceed those of general global fires and align with or exceed thresholds used in plume-rise modeling frameworks. These results confirm that McBEF effectively characterizes sub-pixel combustion properties and enhances the physical interpretability of satellite fire observations. The algorithm shows strong potential for integration into fire weather, air quality, and climate modeling systems, particularly where accurate vertical smoke injection profiles and energy partitioning are critical.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC-BY Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Wildfire"
                },
                {
                    "word": "sub-pixel characterization"
                },
                {
                    "word": "flaming temperature"
                },
                {
                    "word": "smoldering temperature"
                },
                {
                    "word": "fire radiative power"
                },
                {
                    "word": "heat flux"
                },
                {
                    "word": "plume rise"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Bayesian"
                },
                {
                    "word": "retrievals"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-30T00:06:13.324102+02:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-30T01:54:29.940643+02:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-30T01:54:00+02:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X55B4X",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 134213,
                    "first_name": "Meng",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Zhou",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134215,
                    "first_name": "Arlindo",
                    "middle_name": "M.",
                    "last_name": "da Silva",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-3381-4030"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130748,
                    "first_name": "Jun",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Wang",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 127080,
                    "first_name": "David",
                    "middle_name": "A",
                    "last_name": "Peterson",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Applied Statistics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Statistics and Probability"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "McBEF_part_II_VIIRS_implemtation.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12406/download/22155/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 11613,
            "title": "An Accessible NDVI Classification Tool for Urban and Suburban Vegetation Change Analysis",
            "abstract": "<p>This paper presents a web-based research method for studying changes in vegetation in urban and suburban contexts between 2018 and 2024. The system uses the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to analyze imagery for each time period and classify land surface types. After classification, correlation and regression analysis are applied to explain connections between urbanization and vegetation change over the time period. Two case studies are included to demonstrate the method’s validity: suburban Warrenton, Virginia and urban Portland, Oregon, which have contrasting physical characteristics and land use policies. By providing workflow documentation and using open source technology, this method democratizes land classification analysis for researchers in planning, conservation, and related fields. Potential improvements for this tool include: 1-higher resolution imagery; 2-conducting field research to verify results and build regional models; and to 3-improve NDVI application for broader land classification results. The research method is available for public use at: https://terrestrialresearch.com/machinelearning/landclass2.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC-BY Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "accessible research tools"
                },
                {
                    "word": "land use/land cover change (LULCC) methodology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "vegetation growth analysis"
                },
                {
                    "word": "remote sensing tools"
                },
                {
                    "word": "open source GIS"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-01-29T23:09:17.429000+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-01-31T15:46:05.016000+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-01-31T15:45:00+01:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.31223/X5J17C",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5J17C",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 128198,
                    "first_name": "Aurash",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Khawarzad",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Geographic Information Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Remote Sensing"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Khawarzad_landclass_Jan2026.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11613/download/20998/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Khawarzad_landclass_Jan2026.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11613/download/21021/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Khawarzad_landclass_Feb2026.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11613/download/21336/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12404,
            "title": "City-level temperature reduction from street green space by city typology and climate zone",
            "abstract": "Vegetation in the street can lower temperatures at neighbourhood level and reduce heat stress for pedestrians. Street green spaces (SGS) is thus an urgently needed nature-based solution for adapting to a warming climate, and also has some ability for carbon uptake. This local solution has global potential, but the cooling potential of street green space depends on local context, urban form and climate zone, among others. Here, we provide estimates of cooling potential of SGS for different climate zones, world regions and city type oriented along a typology recently provided. We find that peak wet bulb globe temperatures are relevantly reduced, and that the effect is greatest for large cities in the tropics and in temperate climates. Cooling from vegetation can only moderate the effect of global warming, not compensate for it. Carbon sequestration potential remains limited at 0.1 Gt CO2/yr, possibly double, if soil carbon is included, with high uncertainties. Street green will continue to be invaluable for local quality of life and be one contributor to reducing temperatures, but will not replace larger climate mitigation efforts.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "urban heat"
                },
                {
                    "word": "street green"
                },
                {
                    "word": "typologies"
                },
                {
                    "word": "climate change adaptation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "climate change mitigation"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-30T00:55:19.084791+02:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-30T01:55:50.928875+02:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-30T01:55:00+02:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X51N3D",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 5048,
                    "first_name": "Steffen",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Lohrey",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-7881-9102"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 3763,
                    "first_name": "Giacomo",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Falchetta",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-2607-2195"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134217,
                    "first_name": "Quirina",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Rodriguez Mendez",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 95210,
                    "first_name": "Niels",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Souverijns",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-4695-9754"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134218,
                    "first_name": "Felix",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Creutzig",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Climate"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Human Geography"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical and Environmental Geography"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Spatial Science"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "URGED2.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12404/download/22156/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12407,
            "title": "Seventeen city types define distinct pathways for climate mitigation and adaptation worldwide",
            "abstract": "<p> Understanding that cities are main arenas of climate action, it remains unclear <br>which cities should focus on what kind of action taking a global comparative lens. Recent <br>contributions identified four different types of cities across seven world regions, while others <br>specified a huge case study literature database on cities and climate change biased towards <br>established, stagnant, and megacities, largely ignoring smaller, rapidly growing cities, mostly <br>in the Global South. Here, we comprehensively assess climate risks and related motivations <br>to act, climate solutions, and their main co-benefits and feasibility challenges for 17 types of <br>cities. For this, we rely on three different data modalities: a) a global database of &gt;10000 <br>cities and 16 different quantitative characteristics; b) AI assisted full-text analysis of &gt;1200 <br>scientific papers on representative cities of 17 different types; and c) AI-assisted web-based <br>evidence synthesis for representative cities and their challenges. While the first two steps <br>enable evidence identification with medium to high confidence, the third step allows to fill <br>crucial gaps and debias the analysis, albeit subject to lower confidence insights. We find that <br>smaller and poorer cities in Africa and Asia are strongly motivated to develop WASH <br>infrastructure, that rapidly growing and megacities will need to focus on future proof urban <br>planning, and that established cities, mostly in Europe, North America and East Asia, but <br>also cities in small island states aim to disentangle from costly gas and oil dependence in <br>heating and transport sectors. Cities that aim for net-zero are co-motivated by a high quality <br>of life. </p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "cities"
                },
                {
                    "word": "climate change"
                },
                {
                    "word": "AI-assisted evidence synthesis"
                },
                {
                    "word": "co-benefits"
                },
                {
                    "word": "feasibility"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-30T04:54:39.177045+02:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-31T23:12:07.820816+02:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-31T23:12:00+02:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X54B6C",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 134218,
                    "first_name": "Felix",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Creutzig",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134222,
                    "first_name": "Alona",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Zharova",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134223,
                    "first_name": "Florian",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Nachtigall",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134224,
                    "first_name": "Simon",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Montfort",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Computer Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Studies"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geography"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Planetary Sciences"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Characterizing 17 types of cities and their climate challenges.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12407/download/22157/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Characterizing 17 types of cities and their climate challenges v02.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12407/download/22206/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12192,
            "title": "Are high-resolution urban datasets necessary for accurate heat exposure modelling in cities?",
            "abstract": "Accurately capturing the spatial variability of urban heat exposure is important for planning heat-resilient cities. While regional climate models have historically simplified urban characteristics, high-resolution urban morphological datasets now present an opportunity to produce spatially accurate heat maps. In this vein, this study evaluates four morphological datasets for Sydney, Australia in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model during the extremely hot period of 10-20 January 2017: the default IGBP-MODIS data with no local morphology, a class-based Local Climate Zones (LCZ) dataset requiring parameter interpretation by modellers, and explicitly defined parameter datasets from World Settlement Footprint 3D (WSF-MB) and Geoscape. The latter three used the BEP-BEM-Comfort urban canopy model, which outputs subgrid-scale Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), an indicator of human thermal stress. Comparison with observations showed any urban dataset over WRF default reduced 2m temperature mean absolute errors (MAEs) at peak solar hours by at least 1°C on average, while localized instantaneous and median temperature differences reached 13°C and 4.5°C across the domain. High-resolution gridded experiments outperformed LCZ temperature predictions by up to 0.37°C (MAE) before sunrise. LCZ and Gridded experiments revealed substantial UTCI differences, with LCZ predicting four times lower probability of extreme heat stress in the afternoon, and 2-3°C lower average UTCI exceedances in Western Sydney. Urban dataset choice mattered most under weak synoptic conditions, though simplified datasets could have critical discrepancies in estimating localised heat stress even during strong forcing. The findings underscore the importance of high-resolution data for identifying heat-vulnerable times and locations.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Heat Extremes;"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Urban Climate;"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Urban Morphology;"
                },
                {
                    "word": "WRF;"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Urban Canopy Model;"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Heat Exposure;"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-16T10:04:19.637895+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-17T15:24:24.987016+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-17T15:24:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X52V0N",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 133373,
                    "first_name": "Maryam",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Fazeli",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-3150-4733"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 91811,
                    "first_name": "Negin",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Nazarian",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 33201,
                    "first_name": "Jason",
                    "middle_name": "P.",
                    "last_name": "Evans",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 95304,
                    "first_name": "Mathew",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Lipson",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 122197,
                    "first_name": "Jacobo",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Gabeiras",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133380,
                    "first_name": "Shankar",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Sharma",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 95308,
                    "first_name": "Alberto",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Martilli",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Fazeli et al. 2026 - EartharXiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12192/download/21850/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/maryam-fazeli/Analysis-Fazeli_et_al_2026",
                    "label": "Analysis codes"
                },
                {
                    "url": "https://zenodo.org/records/18960698",
                    "label": "Associated WRF files"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 11868,
            "title": "Biochar granulation and particle size influence hydrological performance of green roof substrates",
            "abstract": "Green roofs are increasingly being implemented in cities to improve stormwater management and provide additional ecosystem services. Biochar, a carbon-rich material derived from pyrolyzed biomass, has emerged as a promising substrate additive to improve hydrological performance of green roofs; however, unprocessed biochar is susceptible to erosion loss. Biochar granulation and particle size modification have been suggested as effective approaches to mitigate erosion losses but research on the effects of biochar post-processing on green roof substrate properties and hydrological performance remains scarce. We investigated how biochar granulation and particle size influences surface and pore characteristics and hydraulic properties of green roof substrates. Granulated biochars exhibited uniform surface morphology and pore structure, resulting in consistent hydrological responses across particle size ranges, likely due to the homogeneous structure formed during granulation. In contrast, unprocessed biochars showed a significant increase in Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area and pore volume with decreasing particle size. The amendment of granulated biochars improved substrate field capacity, indicating enhanced stormwater retention. In contrast, the addition of fine (0.5–1 mm) and intermediate-sized (2–2.8 mm) unprocessed biochars increased plant available water, potentially enhancing plant performance. Although reduced saturated hydraulic conductivity associated with fine unprocessed biochars may improve green roof detention capacity, fine biochar particle size is expected to increase erosion losses and periodic waterlogging. We conclude that the application of either granulated biochar or intermediate-sized unprocessed biochar provide a balanced enhancement of stormwater retention and detention capacities, as well as improved plant available water in green roof systems.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "biochar post-processing"
                },
                {
                    "word": "surface and pore characteristics"
                },
                {
                    "word": "soil water characteristic curve"
                },
                {
                    "word": "hydraulic properties"
                },
                {
                    "word": "stormwater management"
                },
                {
                    "word": "green infrastructure"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-02-20T21:51:54.754093+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-02-20T23:41:34.958434+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-02-20T23:41:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5R779",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 130699,
                    "first_name": "Wenxi",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Liao",
                    "salutation": "Prof.",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130700,
                    "first_name": "Jennifer",
                    "middle_name": "A. P.",
                    "last_name": "Drake",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130701,
                    "first_name": "Sean",
                    "middle_name": "C.",
                    "last_name": "Thomas",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Monitoring"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Hydrology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Materials Science and Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Sustainability"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Water Resource Management"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Liao et al. Manuscript.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11868/download/21363/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 11870,
            "title": "Directional Peak Factors of Strong-Motion Response Spectra: A Stochastic Field Representation on the Circle",
            "abstract": "Directional variability in horizontal earthquake ground motions is often addressed using orientation-independent intensity measures obtained by rotating the two horizontal components and summarizing the resulting response spectra. In contrast, the stochastic structure of directional peak factors, which connect second-order response measures to extreme response levels, has received limited attention. This paper presents a systematic empirical characterization of the directional peak-factor field associated with horizontal elastic response spectra. Using a large, uniformly processed strong-motion dataset, directional peak factors are analyzed as a function of oscillator period and orientation. Working in logarithmic space, we decompose the directional peak-factor field into a period-dependent mean and a zero-mean directional fluctuation field that is π-periodic in orientation. Angular dependence is quantified using correlation diagnostics and harmonic decomposition. The results show that directional peak-factor variability exhibits smooth angular structure, with strong correlation across nearby orientations and a consistent zero crossing of angular autocorrelation at 45°. Harmonic analysis demonstrates dominance of the lowest admissible angular mode across all periods considered. The dominant angular harmonic exhibits a consistently nonzero amplitude, weak period dependence, and a phase that is effectively uniform across records. The associated harmonic coefficients are approximately Gaussian and isotropic in the cosine–sine coefficient space, allowing the stochastic structure of directional peak-factor variability to be summarized by a single, smoothly varying scale parameter. This characterization clarifies the dependence structure underlying rotation-based intensity measures and how uncertainty should be interpreted when peak response is summarized across orientation.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "response spectra; peak factor; ground motion directionality; random vibration"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-02-20T12:40:44.954355+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-02-20T13:47:28.192745+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-02-20T13:47:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5VX74",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 130703,
                    "first_name": "Rajesh",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Rupakhety",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130704,
                    "first_name": "Victor",
                    "middle_name": "Moises Hernández",
                    "last_name": "Aguirre",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-6251-271X"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Civil Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Structural Engineering"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Rupakhety_Peak_Factors_EarthArvix_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11870/download/21354/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 11871,
            "title": "Rotation-Invariant Ground-Motion as Directional Selection Operators: A Closed-Form Framework for RotD Response Spectra",
            "abstract": "Horizontal earthquake ground motion is inherently two-dimensional, yet most engineering applications rely on scalar intensity measures. Rotation-invariant response spectra such as RotD50, MaxRotD50, and RotD100 are widely used to remove dependence on sensor orientation. They are often treated as direction-free scalars, which they are not. In this study, directional pseudo-spectral acceleration is treated instead as a stochastic field on the circle. Rotation-invariant measures are interpreted as directional selection operators acting on that field. Building on empirical evidence that the squared directional response is strongly dominated by its first admissible angular harmonic, we derive closed-form approximations for RotD50, MaxRotD50, and RotD100. This removes the need for explicit directional sampling while making clear what directional information is retained by each operator. Validation against a large ground-motion dataset shows that the closed-form predictions are essentially unbiased across periods and preserve record-to-record variability. A key finding is that max-type rotation-invariant measures depend on an effective anisotropy that includes a stochastic contribution arising from directional peak variability, even when geometric anisotropy is weak. As a result, ratios such as RotD100/RotD50 can be elevated in motions that are nearly isotropic in the root mean square sense. The results identify anisotropy of pseudo-spectral acceleration (PSA), evaluated along the principal directions of root mean square response, as a latent directional state variable. It controls the behaviour of rotation-invariant measures and their ratios across records and periods. Rather than removing directionality, rotation-invariant operators transform it. Recognizing this distinction provides a more transparent and physically interpretable basis for the use of rotation-invariant intensity measures in ground-motion modelling and seismic design.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "rotation-invariant response spectra"
                },
                {
                    "word": " peak factor"
                },
                {
                    "word": " ground motion directional"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-02-20T12:46:46.095028+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-02-20T13:45:55.771198+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-02-20T13:45:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X50R1C",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 130703,
                    "first_name": "Rajesh",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Rupakhety",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130704,
                    "first_name": "Victor",
                    "middle_name": "Moises Hernández",
                    "last_name": "Aguirre",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-6251-271X"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Civil Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Structural Engineering"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Rotation_inv_Rupakhety_EESD_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11871/download/21355/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Rotation_inv_Rupakhety_EESD_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11871/download/21356/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 9391,
            "title": "Assessing the potential of the MTG-FCI geostationary mission for the detection of methane plumes",
            "abstract": "<p>The Flexible Combined Imager on the Meteosat Third Generation (MTG-FCI) provides geostationary observations over Europe and Africa, the Middle East, and parts of South America, and the surrounding waters. The FCI samples the visible, near-infrared and shortwave infrared spectral windows with a spatial resolution at nadir between 500 and 1000 m, and a 10-min temporal sampling. This configuration offers potential for methane retrievals using Multi-Band Multi-Pass retrieval (MBMP) methods, as shown with other multispectral missions. The potential of the MTG-FCI system for the detection and monitoring of single methane plumes is evaluated in this paper through different approaches. End-to-end simulations using high-resolution WRF-LES methane plumes over Algeria showed that MTG-FCI can detect emissions as low as ~30 t/h, where initial plume signals become visible, with clearer detection above ~50 t/h. Additionally, mass-balance modeling estimated a minimum detection limit of ~20–30 t/h across the central MTG-FCI disk (GSD ≥ 1 km) under optimal conditions. We illustrate the use of the MTG-FCI for the monitoring and quantification of methane plumes using a real transient emission detection from a compressor station in Algeria (34.676° N, 6.191° E) on September 29, 2023, capturing its full evolution from 10:40 to 15:50 UTC. The estimated emission rate of 353 ± 78 t/h aligns with independent estimates from other satellites. These results highlight MTG-FCI’s ability to track large methane plumes in near real-time, complementing polar-orbiting sensors.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "MTG-FCI"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Methane Plume Detection"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Earth Observation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Geostationary Remote Sensing"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2025-06-11T16:43:52.980000+02:00",
            "date_accepted": "2025-06-12T15:49:45.828000+02:00",
            "date_published": "2025-06-12T15:49:00+02:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c07974",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5WB32",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 110034,
                    "first_name": "Shanyu",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Zhou",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-9821-9630"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 7536,
                    "first_name": "Javier",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Gorroño",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-9318-7481"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 24694,
                    "first_name": "Javier",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Roger",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 4419,
                    "first_name": "Itziar",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Irakulis-Loitxate",
                    "salutation": "Ms",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-3646-4950"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 110035,
                    "first_name": "Rasmus",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Lindstrot",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 110036,
                    "first_name": "Zhipeng",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Pei",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-1474-7888"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 110037,
                    "first_name": "Lulu",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Si",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 4346,
                    "first_name": "Luis",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Guanter",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Monitoring"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "MTG_paper_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/9391/download/17520/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12094,
            "title": "Hybrid broadband ground-motion simulation using neural networks with spatial, inter-period, and cross-component correlations",
            "abstract": "Simulated ground motions are increasingly used in earthquake engineering, particularly in regions with sparse strong-motion recordings where constraining non-ergodic ground-motion models (GMMs) remains challenging. Physics-based simulations (PBS) can reproduce key source and wave-propagation effects but are often limited to low frequencies, whereas stochastic methods are computationally efficient but typically lack physically coherent three-component behaviour and realistic near-fault features. Here we develop a hybrid broadband framework with three main innovations (i) an enhanced artificial neural network (ANN) that predicts short-period spectral accelerations (SAs) from long-period PBS SAs and scalar source-site predictor variables, while jointly modelling the three ground-motion components, (ii) a transfer learning strategy that enables regional calibration in data-limited settings, and (iii) an explicit multivariate correlation model for within-event residuals that restores realistic broadband dependence jointly across space, periods, and components. The approach is validated using regional 3D PBS of the Mw 6.5 and Mw 6.4 June 2000 South Iceland earthquakes. The resulting broadband fields reproduce observed short-period attenuation and near-fault saturation, match the local Icelandic GMM trends, and preserve physically plausible directionality and component ratios, including spatially varying FN/FP patterns and V/H ratios consistent with empirical models. Inter-period correlations of within-event residuals follow established empirical trends and, importantly, remain continuous across the stochastic–PBS transition, while spatial correlation ranges are comparable to published observations. Owing to its computational efficiency, the framework is well suited for seismic hazard and risk applications that require spatially and spectrally coherent broadband ground motions in dense spatial grids.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC-BY Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY-NC-SA 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nBY-NC-SA Compatible License means a license listed at creativecommons.org/compatiblelicenses, approved by Creative Commons as essentially the equivalent of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicense Elements means the license attributes listed in the name of a Creative Commons Public License. The License Elements of this Public License are Attribution, NonCommercial, and ShareAlike.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nAdditional offer from the Licensor – Adapted Material. Every recipient of Adapted Material from You automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Adapted Material under the conditions of the Adapter’s License You apply.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nShareAlike.\r\nIn addition to the conditions in Section 3(a), if You Share Adapted Material You produce, the following conditions also apply.\r\n\r\nThe Adapter’s License You apply must be a Creative Commons license with the same License Elements, this version or later, or a BY-NC-SA Compatible License.\r\nYou must include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, the Adapter's License You apply. You may satisfy this condition in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, Adapted Material that restrict exercise of the rights granted under the Adapter's License You apply.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material, including for purposes of Section 3(b); and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Physics-based numerical simulations"
                },
                {
                    "word": "machine learning"
                },
                {
                    "word": "transfer learning"
                },
                {
                    "word": "broadband ground-motion simulation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "ground-motion correlation"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-09T23:03:42.583597+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-10T10:01:18.191730+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-10T10:01:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5H76R",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 130704,
                    "first_name": "Victor",
                    "middle_name": "Moises Hernández",
                    "last_name": "Aguirre",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-6251-271X"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130703,
                    "first_name": "Rajesh",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Rupakhety",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 132906,
                    "first_name": "Roberto",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Paolucci",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 132907,
                    "first_name": "Manuela",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Vanini",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 132908,
                    "first_name": "Chiara",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Smerzini",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Manuscript ANN2BB_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12094/download/21685/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 9947,
            "title": "Precipitation-driven typology of storms in the Alps",
            "abstract": "<p>Numerous advances in precipitation science hinge on our ability to categorize storms into homogeneous classes, for instance to isolate time series with convective- or stratiform-like characteristics. Nonetheless, achieving such classifications remains challenging. Here, we use an Alpine storm typology developed through a straightforward methodology for unsupervised classification based on gauge-based precipitation only. From a vast sub-hourly dataset, we extracted over 790,000 independent storm time series. To categorize these, we employed a resampling-based partitioning algorithm, optimal in clustering big data. The algorithm revealed five dominant storm classes, with distinct characteristics in terms of maximum sub-hourly intensity, total storm volume, total duration and temporal variability, and clear spatial organization. Examination of additional characteristics (month of initiation, solar time at maximum intensity and lightning count) prompts us to suggest one class is likely associated with convective-like events (high intensities, peaks in summer and afternoon, strong association with lightning) and one is likely associated with stratiform-like events (medium intensities, large volumes, long durations, low association with lightning). A third class is characterized by moderate intensities and volumes, and relatively short durations, while the remaining two classes gather minor storms. The proposed typology could support modelling applications, such as class-specific stochastic simulation, class-informed bias adjustment of climate projections or multi-class extreme value analyses. Investigations of its climatological traits revealed, among others, higher activity of the convective-like class in recent years and specific Alpine regions. We provide the historical occurrences of the classes as an open dataset to facilitate further investigation of Alpine storm dynamics.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Convective precipitation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "storm climatology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "storm time series clustering"
                },
                {
                    "word": "stratiform precipitation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "sub-hourly precipitation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "precipitation trends"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2025-08-14T16:11:02.799000+02:00",
            "date_accepted": "2025-08-14T23:00:05.486000+02:00",
            "date_published": "2025-08-14T23:00:00+02:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X56M9W",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 118315,
                    "first_name": "Georgia",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Papacharalampous",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-5446-954X"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 118319,
                    "first_name": "Eleonora",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Dallan",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 118320,
                    "first_name": "Moshe",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Armon",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 118322,
                    "first_name": "Joydeb",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Saha",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 118324,
                    "first_name": "Colin",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Price",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 118325,
                    "first_name": "Marco",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Borga",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 93646,
                    "first_name": "Francesco",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Marra",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "2025_storm_clustering_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/9947/download/18449/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "2026_storm_clustering_paper.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/9947/download/22147/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "2026_storm_clustering_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/9947/download/22158/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 11877,
            "title": "The Role of Flexure Margins in Controlling Open Fracture Distribution: Insights from Analogue Modeling of Orthogonal Rift and Pull-Apart Systems",
            "abstract": "Hydrocarbon exploration in Basement Fracture Reservoirs faces significant challenges in predicting fracture connectivity below seismic resolution. This study utilizes analogue sandbox modeling to compare the spatial distribution of open fractures in orthogonal normal fault systems and pull-apart basins. Methodological innovation is implemented through the use of a 1 mm thick gypsum layer atop 8 cm of Ngrayong Formation sand, serving as a brittle rheological interface to simulate the mechanical response of the basement top. Experimental results demonstrate that open fractures are consistently localized within the flexure margin zone. In the orthogonal system, fractures exhibit a broad and elongated distribution parallel to the master fault, governed by the fault's total length. Conversely, the pull-apart system yields a narrower and more localized fracture network, predominantly concentrated within the inter-fault transfer zones at the master fault tips, with additional margin-parallel fractures and an intra-basin damage zone developing at high cumulative strains. The direct inter-fault connectivity observed in the pull-apart transfer zones is geometrically consistent with a higher proportion of X and Y-node configurations relative to the orthogonal system, suggesting superior fracture network connectivity in pull-apart settings. This study proposes an evolved paradigm in fracture prediction, suggesting that traditional distance-to-fault methods can be significantly enhanced by incorporating the estimation of cumulative extensional strain via streamlined 3D palinspastic restoration. The findings confirm that topographic curvature is only valid as a fracture indicator when genetically associated with active flexural bending mechanisms. For exploration practitioners, this study provides a direct, tectonic-regime-specific framework for delineating basement reservoir sweet spots and reducing dry-hole risk in fractured basement plays.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Flexure Margin"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Open Fracture Distribution"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Fracture Connectivity"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Basement Fracture Reservoir"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Open Fracture Distribution"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Fracture Connectivity"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Basement Fracture Reservoir"
                },
                {
                    "word": "sandbox modelling"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-02-21T02:17:46.957164+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-02-21T15:47:27.341135+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-02-21T15:47:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5GR23",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 105676,
                    "first_name": "Terry",
                    "middle_name": "Alfa",
                    "last_name": "Alfa Furqan",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-9636-4313"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130746,
                    "first_name": "Benyamin",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Sapiie",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Tectonics and Structure"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Furqan and Sapiie, 2026.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11877/download/21366/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1LZTIpHKMczqMEa_fT8me1LjcsFRpn4d0?usp=drive_link",
                    "label": "Supplementary File"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 11878,
            "title": "Machine Learning and Explainable AI for Agricultural Drought Prediction: A Comparative Analysis of Gradient Boosting Methods Using Multi-Source Earth Observation Data",
            "abstract": "Drought monitoring and prediction remain critical challenges in climate science and agricultural management, particularly under accelerating climate change. This study presents a comprehensive machine learning framework for drought susceptibility mapping in Iowa, USA, using multi-source Earth observation data and explainable artificial intelligence. We systematically evaluated eleven supervised learning algorithms including gradient boosting methods (LightGBM, XGBoost, CatBoost), ensemble approaches (Random Forest, Extra Trees), and neural networks for classifying drought severity based on United States Drought Monitor (USDM) categories. The models were trained on 8,200 stratified samples derived from satellite-based vegetation indices (NDVI, EVI, LAI, FPAR, VCI, VHI), land surface temperature metrics (LST, TCI), precipitation data (CHIRPS), soil moisture (SMAP), and land cover information spanning 2015-2021. Performance evaluation using confusion matrices, F1-scores, and ROC-AUC analysis revealed that gradient boosting algorithms significantly outperformed traditional machine learning approaches, with LightGBM achieving the highest accuracy (95%) and macro-averaged F1-score (0.94). SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) interpretability analysis identified precipitation deficits, soil moisture anomalies, and vegetation stress as primary drought drivers, with synergistic interactions between elevated temperature and reduced rainfall amplifying severe drought conditions. Spatial predictions demonstrated climatologically consistent patterns, with elevated drought susceptibility in southwestern Iowa and lower risk in northern riverine corridors. The framework's ability to replicate expert-driven drought classifications while providing mechanistic insights establishes machine learning as a viable complement to traditional drought monitoring systems. These findings contribute to the growing body of climate informatics research and provide a transferable methodology for drought early warning systems in agricultural regions globally.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC-BY Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Remote Sensing"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Machine Learning"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Explainable AI"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Precision Agriculture Climate Informatics"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Earth observation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Drought Susceptibility"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-02-21T08:01:58.679613+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-02-21T15:50:47.143351+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-02-21T15:50:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X53F4B",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 107713,
                    "first_name": "Mirza Md Tasnim",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Mukarram",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-5113-3813"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 107714,
                    "first_name": "Quazi Umme",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Rukiya",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 49514,
                    "first_name": "Marc",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Linderman",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130748,
                    "first_name": "Jun",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Wang",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Agriculture"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Life Sciences"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Manuscript_DSM_ML.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11878/download/21367/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 11879,
            "title": "Projected spatial reorganization of Köppen–Geiger climate zones under climate change and consequences for population and economic exposure",
            "abstract": "Climate change is expected to reorganize macro-climatic regimes at the planetary scale, with implications that extend beyond physical climate variables to the spatial configuration of human systems. While projected shifts in temperature and precipitation are well documented, their translation into categorical climate-regime transitions and associated socio-economic exposure remains insufficiently quantified within a spatial planning perspective.\n\nThis study provides a global assessment of projected Köppen–Geiger climate zone transitions and their implications for population and economic exposure by the end of the 21st century. Using bias-corrected CMIP6 projections aggregated at 0.1° resolution and a categorical multi-model ensemble, we map climate-regime changes between 1991–2020 and 2071–2100 under SSP1–2.6, SSP2–4.5, and SSP5–8.5. Gridded population and GDP datasets consistent with the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways are spatially harmonized with the climate classifications to quantify exposure under both fixed baseline and scenario-consistent frameworks.\n\nResults indicate that climate-zone redistribution is spatially structured and dominated by a limited set of directional transitions, notably cold-to-temperate (D→C), temperate-to-arid (C→B), and temperate-to-tropical (C→A) pathways. Under SSP5--8.5, approximately 13.6\\% of global land surface undergoes a shift in primary climate group by the late 21st century (2071–2100), corresponding to nearly 3.5 billion people and more than 40 trillion USD of economic activity operating within regions experiencing a macro-climatic regime transition. Differences across emissions pathways highlight the strong mitigation dependence of large-scale territorial reorganization.\n\nRather than representing isolated local changes, projected Köppen–Geiger transitions constitute a coherent spatial restructuring of macro-climatic envelopes that intersect directly with patterns of settlement, economic production, and regional development. By linking categorical climate-regime migration with spatially explicit demographic and economic projections, this study provides an operational framework for examining long-term territorial transformation under climate change and supports applied geographical assessments of adaptation and planning under alternative futures.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC-BY Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Köppen–Geiger climate zones"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Spatial exposure"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Population and GDP redistribution"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Climate change impacts"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Global spatial analysis"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Socio-economic vulnerability"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Land-surface transitions"
                },
                {
                    "word": "CMIP6"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-02-21T14:59:25.507986+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-02-21T15:49:29.222478+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-02-21T15:49:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5777N",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 126682,
                    "first_name": "Dimitri",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Defrance",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 126681,
                    "first_name": "TIffanie",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Lescure",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Sustainability"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Koppen_Pop_Complete_merged.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11879/download/21370/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 11874,
            "title": "Quantifying the Causal Strength of Compound Drought–Heatwaves: Implications for Fire Events and Cropland Productivity",
            "abstract": "Compound drought and heatwave (CDHW) events represent one of the most disruptive forms of climate extremes, as the simultaneous occurrence of dry and hot conditions signifies their impacts far beyond those of individual events. Yet, despite their increasing significance, the causal influence of CDHW frequency and severity on fire activity and crop yield variability remains poorly quantified, particularly in Mediterranean climate hotspots. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of long‑term CDHW climatology across Türkiye and quantifies their causal effects on burned areas and major crop‑yield anomalies through the complex causal networks based on the Peter and Clark Momentary Conditional Independence (PCMCI) framework. The findings reveal a clear intensification of CDHW conditions over recent decades, with significant upward trends in both event frequency (2.74 days/decade) and thermal severity (0.74°C/decade), particularly during winter and summer months. The causal strengths of CDHW events and severity on fire regimes explain up to 38.3% of burned‑area variability and crop yield reductions during critical phenological periods, affecting both rainfed winter wheat (up to 71.6%) and irrigated crops such as maize, rice, and soybean (up to 69.8%). The spatial causal signals demonstrate that CDHW events can be considered dominant climatic stressors across Türkiye’s agro‑ecosystems and fire‑prone landscapes. Overall, this work provides one of the first spatially explicit causal strengths of CDHW impacts on both agriculture and fire activity, indicating the importance of compound‑event‑aware early warning systems and climate‑resilient management strategies in regions facing intensifying hot‑dry extremes.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Climate Extremes"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Heat Stress"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Compound Events"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Causality"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Ecosystem Risk"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-02-20T19:45:21.859144+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-02-21T15:48:22.352314+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-02-21T15:48:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5BX8V",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 16673,
                    "first_name": "Serhan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Yeşilköy",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-8921-6371"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Atmospheric Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Climate"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Meteorology"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Yesilkoy_2026_CDHW_EarthArxiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11874/download/21360/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12409,
            "title": "Nickel Isotope Systematics in the Talvivaara Paleoproterozoic Black Shale Deposit Reveal Mineralogy-Controlled Fractionation with a Preserved Biogenic Signal",
            "abstract": "Nickel isotope systematics in sediment-hosted sulfide deposits are now more commonly used to infer redox and diagenetic processes, yet their potential to record biological signals and their preservation through diagenesis and metamorphism remains poorly constrained. Here we present micro-scale coupled δ60Ni, δ34S, δ13C, REE pattern, and paleoproductivity proxy data from the Paleoproterozoic Talvivaara Ni-Zn-Cu-Co deposit, a ~2.1-1.9 Ga black shale associated with the Shunga Event at the end of the Great Oxidation Event. Our data potentially reveals how biological signals are selectively preserved or overprinted by mineralogical reorganization. The deposit is hosted by graphite-sulfide schists representing metamorphosed black shales deposited in a restricted, anoxic to euxinic basin and subsequently altered to upper-greenschist- to amphibolite-facies conditions. Through most of the drill core, Ni isotope systematics are governed by the pyrite-pyrrhotite-pentlandite reaction series where pyrite consistently hosts isotopically heavier Ni than coexisting pyrrhotite. This reflects mineralogy-controlled fractionation during diagenetic sulfidization and recrystallization. The heaviest δ60Ni values in pentlandite-bearing intervals occur at depth, marking late-stage metamorphic Ni redistribution, with comparably heavy values also recorded in shallow pyrite-dominated domains through a distinct mineralogical control. In contrast, a discrete interval at 118.68-152.27 m depth preserves a coherent biogenic overprint, where coupled shifts toward light δ60Ni (-0.43 to -0.03‰), strongly negative δ34S (-10 to -13‰), elevated organic carbon contents, HREE-dominated REE patterns, strong P-Ni coupling, and anomalous paleoproductivity proxies collectively record intensified microbial sulfate reduction and organic matter degradation. While the multi-proxy convergence supports a biogenic interpretation, the δ60Ni values alone overlap with abiogenic ranges, and the possible contribution of metal-dependent anaerobic oxidation of methane to Fe-S-Ni systematics in the deeper intervals cannot be excluded. Magnetic susceptibility independently confirms that this excursion reflects early diagenetic sulfide precipitation rather than metamorphic recrystallization or hydrothermal overprint. To our knowledge, this is the first direct micro-scale evidence for a preserved biogenic δ60Ni signature in Paleoproterozoic black shales. These results demonstrate that bulk analyses systematically average over mineralogically distinct Ni pools, destroying transient biological signals that are recoverable only through micro-scale, mineralogically resolved multi-proxy analysis.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "black shale deposits"
                },
                {
                    "word": "biosignatures"
                },
                {
                    "word": "nickel isotopes"
                },
                {
                    "word": "carbon isotopes"
                },
                {
                    "word": "sulfur isotopes"
                },
                {
                    "word": "rare earth elements"
                },
                {
                    "word": "multi-proxy biosignatures"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-04-01T09:12:16.371935+02:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-04-01T19:42:35.446785+02:00",
            "date_published": "2026-04-01T19:42:00+02:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5Q47Z",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 134229,
                    "first_name": "Anna",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Neubeck",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-1291-5529"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134232,
                    "first_name": "Kirsti",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Loukola-Ruskeeniemi",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134233,
                    "first_name": "Vyllinniskii",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Cameron",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134234,
                    "first_name": "Delia",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Rösel",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134235,
                    "first_name": "Sophie",
                    "middle_name": "Charlotte",
                    "last_name": "Roud",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134236,
                    "first_name": "Jonathan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Lewis",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134237,
                    "first_name": "John",
                    "middle_name": "Manrique",
                    "last_name": "Carrheño",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134238,
                    "first_name": "Daniel",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Buczko",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134239,
                    "first_name": "Madeleine",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Bohlin",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 134240,
                    "first_name": "Pierre-Antoine",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Tranchet",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 13995,
                    "first_name": "Bjarne",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Almqvist",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Biogeochemistry"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geochemistry"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "TAL30Mars2026inclSUPPL.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12409/download/22214/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12224,
            "title": "Robust Uneven Shift of Extreme Storm Surges Observed in Data Sparse Northeast Indian Ocean Cities",
            "abstract": "Reanalysis-driven storm surge datasets enable extreme analysis in data-sparse regions, but most studies translate these time series into extremes using a single statistical model, leaving model-selection uncertainty unquantified. In this study, we analyze ERA5-forced surge residual dataset (1950–2024) from Copernicus Climate Change Service for 11 Northeast Indian Ocean (NIO) cities using an ensemble of nonstationary extreme value and Bayesian formulations to estimate return levels, implied return period changes in 2000 relative to 1950 baselines, and trends. Our multi-model ensemble analyses reveal that for inner NIO cities (e.g., South 24 Parganas, Patuakhali, Chittagong, Cox’s Bazar)–near the head of the Bay of Bengal–the 1950’s 50-year surge residual level (RL50) becomes more frequent by 2000 (typically a 33- to 39-year event corresponds to increase in median annual exceedance probability up to 51%), even though surge residual annual-maxima trends are negative (~ - 1 mm/year). These changes are not uniform across the NIO as several western NIO cities (e.g., Colombo, Chennai) show the opposite tendency, with longer implied return periods (typically a 66- to 104-year event) by 2000. Statistical model choice substantially affects design levels and their interpretation in areas with high storm surges. For example, Gumbel or Bayesian median estimates of RL50 can correspond to roughly a median of RL25 under Frechet tail assumptions for inner NIO cities, highlighting nontrivial structural uncertainty. Finally, we show that bias of High Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP)– ERA5 depends on the statistical model used to estimate return levels, and that an ensemble-of-models evaluation provides a conservative and transparent basis for benchmarking climate-model surge extremes against reanalysis.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC-BY Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Extreme storm surge"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Multi-model ensembles"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Uncertainty"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Reanalysis"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Data-sparse region"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Northeast Indian Ocean"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-18T09:17:20.770501+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-20T01:04:32.291098+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-20T01:04:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X50X94",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 4623,
                    "first_name": "Md.",
                    "middle_name": "Rezuanul",
                    "last_name": "Islam",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-4934-8924"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133513,
                    "first_name": "Htut",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Naing Thwin",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133514,
                    "first_name": "Hiroshi",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Takagi",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 98836,
                    "first_name": "Yohei",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Sawada",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Risk Analysis"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Statistics and Probability"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Main Manuscript_Islam et al 2026.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12224/download/21903/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12103,
            "title": "Causal Effects of Climatic and Socioeconomic Drivers on Antimicrobial Resistance",
            "abstract": "<p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a rapidly escalating global health crisis threatening human, animal, and environmental well-being. While its spread is often linked to antibiotic use, the complex, nonlinear nature of its environmental and socioeconomic drivers remains poorly understood, rendering traditional analyses insufficient. This study moves beyond simple correlation to investigate the causal relationships between four distinct E. coli resistance phenotypes and key socioeconomic and climatic factors across the United States, employing the powerful Peter and Clark Momentary Conditional Independence (PCMCI) and Transfer Entropy (TE) methods. This analysis reveals a highly heterogeneous landscape of AMR dynamics, where causal drivers differ significantly by both phenotype and geographical location. Results show that drivers such as extreme temperatures, precipitation, and income levels exert significant causal effects on AMR in specific states, demonstrating that this crisis is intrinsically linked to climatic and socioeconomic conditions, not just healthcare practices. These findings point to the urgent need for dynamic, phenotype-specific, and regionally tailored strategies developed under a One Health lens, highlighting that only a multidisciplinary approach can truly address the complexity of AMR.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC-BY Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Climate Change"
                },
                {
                    "word": "E. Coli"
                },
                {
                    "word": "One Health"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Causality"
                },
                {
                    "word": "US"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-10T13:21:08.813789+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-11T00:07:28.532922+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-11T00:07:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5VJ46",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 16668,
                    "first_name": "Özlem",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Baydaroğlu",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-2184-5785"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Climate"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Public Health"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Causal links between environmental drivers and AMR_EarthArxiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12103/download/21694/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Causal links between environmental drivers and AMR_EarthArxiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12103/download/21695/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Causal_Effects_of_Climatic_and_Socioeconomic_Drivers_on_Antimicrobial_Resistance_EA.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12103/download/21770/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Causal_Effects_of_Climatic_and_Socioeconomic_Drivers_on_Antimicrobial_Resistance_EA.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12103/download/21771/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 9828,
            "title": "Geomodelling of multi-scenario non-stationary reservoirs with enhanced GANSim",
            "abstract": "<p>Reservoir geomodelling is critical for groundwater management, CO₂ storage, geothermal exploitation, and hydrocarbon exploration, yet traditional geostatistical methods like multiple-point statistics (MPS) struggle with simulating complex geological patterns. GANSim, a Generative Adversarial Networks-based geomodelling method, has proven effective for single-scenario stationary reservoirs, but its performance on multi-scenario non-stationary systems remained unverified. Additionally, current GANSim may overlook single-pixel well facies data, causing local disconnections around wells. Therefore, this study proposes two workflows for multi-scenario reservoirs: one combining all scenarios together during training and another incorporating an explicit scenario falsification process before GANSim training. GANSim neural network architecture is further enhanced by proposing a local discriminator design to address the local disconnection problem of single-pixel well facies data. Validated on a multi-scenario non-stationary turbidite reservoir, both GANSim workflows generate realistic, conditional, and non-stationary facies models while falsifying incompatible scenarios. The local disconnection issue of single-pixel well facies data is effectively eliminated. Compared to MPS, GANSim demonstrates superior reproduction ability of expected geological patterns and computational efficiency, achieving simulations ~1000 times faster than MPS.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Reservoir geomodelling"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)"
                },
                {
                    "word": "scenario falsification"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Non-stationarity"
                },
                {
                    "word": "turbidite"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2025-08-05T00:19:17.547000+02:00",
            "date_accepted": "2025-08-05T15:06:01.228000+02:00",
            "date_published": "2025-08-05T15:05:00+02:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5Z73N",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 117388,
                    "first_name": "Suihong",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Song",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 12187,
                    "first_name": "Tapan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Mukerji",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 117389,
                    "first_name": "Celine",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Scheidt",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 117390,
                    "first_name": "Hisham",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Alqassab",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 117391,
                    "first_name": "Man",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Feng",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Artificial Intelligence and Robotics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Civil and Environmental Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geophysics and Seismology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Hydrology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Mining Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Natural Resources and Conservation"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Natural Resources Management and Policy"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Oil, Gas, and Energy"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Sedimentology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Stratigraphy"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "GANSimTurbidite_Manuscript_SI.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/9828/download/18270/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "gansimturbidite_manuscript_si1.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/9828/download/18279/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "PublishedOne.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/9828/download/21845/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "PublishedOne.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/9828/download/21846/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12410,
            "title": "The Hermatz Effect: A Five-Layer Solar–Geo Dynamo Model for the Persistent 0.038 Hz Global Seismic Signal",
            "abstract": "Earth produces a faint but globally detectable vibration at a period of exactly 26 seconds, and no one has fully explained why. This paper proposes that it comes from a crack in the ocean floor off West Africa acting like a tuned whistle — the ocean blows air through it, the crack vibrates at its natural frequency, and the vibration travels around the entire planet as a seismic wave. Occasionally the whistle changes pitch slightly; we show this happens when solar storms disturb Earth’s magnetic field, which in turn squeezes the fluid in the crack. The Sun is not just an outside influence but is part of a feedback loop that extends all the way to Earth’s solid inner core. We show real calculations using measured physical values that reproduce the observed 26-second period exactly.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Geophysics"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Seismology"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-30T18:25:52.933443+02:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-30T19:48:01.823498+02:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-30T19:47:00+02:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19325520",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5WV03",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 134201,
                    "first_name": "Paul",
                    "middle_name": "Nicholas",
                    "last_name": "Hermatz",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": "0009-0005-0266-5529"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Astrophysics and Astronomy"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Atmospheric Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Condensed Matter Physics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Chemistry"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Fluid Dynamics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geomorphology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geophysics and Seismology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Hydrology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Meteorology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Oceanography"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Other Astrophysics and Astronomy"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Other Physics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Planetary Geology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Planetary Geomorphology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Planetary Geophysics and Seismology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Planetary Hydrology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Tectonics and Structure"
                },
                {
                    "name": "The Sun and the Solar System"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Hermatz_Effect_Submission.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12410/download/22167/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "hermatz_effect_submission1.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12410/download/22170/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://zenodo.org/records/19325520",
                    "label": "Supplementary File"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 12147,
            "title": "Open-source GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Flood Risk Model for data-constrained environments",
            "abstract": "Flooding poses a major hazard across diverse environments and can be particularly difficult to estimate in urban/urbanizing cities without detailed hydrodynamic data/models. This paper presents a GIS-based, multi-criteria model that integrates openly available hydrological, soil, land cover, and drainage network data to produce a relative Flood Risk Index (FRI) at high spatial resolution.  A modular Python-based workflow is developed to fetch these data, pre-process spatial layers, normalize heterogeneous indicators, and combine them into a single 0–1 flood risk score. The model emphasizes transparency, reproducibility, and adaptability for risk screening and decision-support in flood-prone, data-scarce regions, and is demonstrated through application on several major Sub-Saharan cities. The overall product is an adaptable, extensible product to provide flood risk guidance to individuals and city planners.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Flood risk assessment"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Geographic Information Systems (GIS)"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Raster-based multi-criteria analysis"
                },
                {
                    "word": "open-source geospatial modeling"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Flood susceptibility"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-12T12:03:12.365490+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-13T03:19:46.822753+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-12T07:21:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5SJ36",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 132790,
                    "first_name": "Shamsudeen",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Abubakar",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133198,
                    "first_name": "Samuel",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Oyatoye",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133199,
                    "first_name": "Oreoluwa",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Adebayo",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133200,
                    "first_name": "Chidumebi",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Ezenwoko",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133201,
                    "first_name": "Ayomide",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Owoyemi",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133202,
                    "first_name": "Ben",
                    "middle_name": "Seun",
                    "last_name": "Oyajumo",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133203,
                    "first_name": "Joshua",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Owoyemi",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133204,
                    "first_name": "Favour",
                    "middle_name": "Chiemerie",
                    "last_name": "Madubuko",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133205,
                    "first_name": "Kelvin",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Akyea",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133206,
                    "first_name": "Afeez",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Mohammed",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133207,
                    "first_name": "Godwin",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Musa",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133208,
                    "first_name": "Chisom",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Rutherford",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133209,
                    "first_name": "Emmanuella",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Nkanang",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133210,
                    "first_name": "Kabir",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Mumuni",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Open-source GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Flood Risk Model for data-constrained environments.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12147/download/21773/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 11894,
            "title": "Emergent Spatio-Semantic Structure in Large Language Model Embedding Spaces",
            "abstract": " Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in geospatial applications typically as generators of geographic text or as natural language interfaces to spatial data. Here, we explore whether LLM embedding spaces can instead function as geospatial representations that can be exploited directly. Using embeddings extracted from Airbnb property descriptions in London, we show that off-the-shelf LLM embeddings exhibit emergent spatial structure. We further demonstrate that a lightweight residual geo-adapter substantially sharpens this spatial signal, enabling approximate localisation even when explicit geographic references are removed, while preserving semantic relationships learned during LLM pre-training. These results suggest a path toward spatially explicit foundation models which operate over the spatio-semantic embedding space, rather than generated text.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Large Language Models"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Semantic Embeddings"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Natural Language Processing"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Geospatial Artificial Intelligence"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-02-23T10:52:52.958578+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-02-24T08:46:39.500568+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-02-24T08:46:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5FQ93",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 130658,
                    "first_name": "Joseph",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Shingleton",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130800,
                    "first_name": "Yunus Serhat",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Bicakci",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130801,
                    "first_name": "Yu",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Wang",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130802,
                    "first_name": "Ana",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Basiri",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Artificial Intelligence and Robotics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geographic Information Sciences"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "GeoAI_2026___Spatial_structure_in_LLM_embeddings-4.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11894/download/21388/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12151,
            "title": "Stealth pressurisation of boiling magma limits geodetic detectability of volcanic eruptions",
            "abstract": "Crystallisation-driven volatile exsolution (second boiling) is widely invoked to pressurise shallow magma reservoirs, yet its ability to generate eruption-triggering overpressure and detectable ground deformation is poorly quantified. We couple phase equilibria with thermal and viscoelastic models of sill-like intrusions to map pressure evolution and geodetic detectability of second boiling. Thermodynamic calculations for basaltic and rhyolitic magmas from Askja (Iceland) and Puyehue-Cordón Caulle (Chile) are embedded in conductive thermal models for thin (20 m) and thick (200 m) sills at 2-4 km depth, and the resulting volume changes and magma compressibility are propagated into pressurisation histories and volume-change rates. Hydrous magmatic sills can develop overpressures of 20-30 MPa on timescales of months to centuries depending on initial sill size and crustal parameters, whereas relatively dry basalt undergoes cyclic behaviour with contraction followed by modest re-pressurisation. For a given composition and depth, thin and thick sills attain similar overpressures but differ by an order of magnitude in volume-change rate. Only small volatile-rich sills exceed geodetic resolution thresholds. In felsic crust, viscoelastic relaxation further dampens surface deformation, consistent with globally observed reduced deformation at arc volcanoes. Applied to Askja, cooling of a basaltic sill can explain the subsidence from 1983-2021, while second boiling in a small rhyolitic body can plausibly contribute to rapid uplift observed starting in mid-2021. Our results define a regime of “stealth” pressurisation in shallow hydrous reservoirs in mafic-intermediate crust, where eruption-scale overpressure can accumulate with undetectable geodetic unrest and help explain unexpected explosive eruptions with little precursory deformation. ",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-12T14:48:30.725820+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-13T03:21:11.300557+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-12T07:24:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5NV19",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 5251,
                    "first_name": "Gregor",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Weber",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-8827-1443"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 98443,
                    "first_name": "Juliet",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Biggs",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133215,
                    "first_name": "Alain",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Burgisser",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 6094,
                    "first_name": "Catherine",
                    "middle_name": "J",
                    "last_name": "Annen",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Volcanology"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Preprint_Stealth Pressurisation_submission.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12151/download/21776/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 11891,
            "title": "Backstress governs transient postseismic creep in the continental lithospheric mantle",
            "abstract": "Understanding the physical processes that control how the continental lithospheric mantle responds to sudden stress changes during the earthquake cycle is essential for interpreting postseismic deformation and constraining the rheological behaviour of the mantle. Laboratory studies have revealed that long-range elastic interactions among dislocations generate backstresses that strongly influence the mechanical response of olivine during transient creep, and the relevance of this mechanism to natural contexts can be confirmed by analysing the stress fields of dislocations in various tectonic settings. Here, we examine peridotites from the Finero Complex in the Ivrea-Verbano Zone, European Alps, which preserve microstructures formed during transient, earthquake-related deformation in a slice of exhumed continental lithospheric mantle. High-angular resolution electron backscatter diffraction reveals pronounced intragranular stress heterogeneity in olivine, with stresses varying by hundreds of megapascals over length scales on the order of 1–10 µm and correlated with elevated densities of geometrically necessary dislocations. These observations demonstrate that long-range dislocation interactions occur in naturally deformed olivine of the continental lithospheric mantle. Superimposing the grain size-stress data on deformation-mechanism maps indicates that a burst of dislocation glide dominates immediately after a stress increase, whereas both dislocation-mediated deformation and diffusion creep contribute at steady state, with diffusion creep relatively more important in finer-grained domains. These inferences are consistent with variations in intragranular substructure and crystallographic preferred orientation. Having demonstrated that long-range elastic interactions contribute to transient creep of the continental lithospheric mantle, we use a dislocation-based microphysical to explore the characteristics of such transients in contexts similar to those represented by the Finero peridotite. This analysis indicates that an earthquake-induced stress increase produces a short-lived reduction by 2–3 orders of magnitude in viscosity followed by progressive restrengthening as backstress builds up over plastic strains on the order of 10-3. These results demonstrate that time-dependent microphysical models, rather than flow laws constructed for steady state alone, are required to describe the postseismic evolution of mantle viscosity.\n",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC-BY Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Backstress"
                },
                {
                    "word": "HR-EBSD"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Peridotite"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Trainsient creep"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-02-22T20:00:39.583055+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-02-23T06:36:07.451017+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-02-23T06:35:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5ZR12",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 130778,
                    "first_name": "Sheng",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Fan",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130779,
                    "first_name": "Thomas",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Breithaupt",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130780,
                    "first_name": "Claudia",
                    "middle_name": "A.",
                    "last_name": "Trepmann",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130781,
                    "first_name": "David",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Wallis",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Mineral Physics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Finero_Full_text.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11891/download/21385/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 10896,
            "title": "Redox-network reconfiguration inferred from the ln[O2]-Eh relationship under mixed-potential conditions in a shallow pond time series",
            "abstract": "<p>Oxidation-reduction potential (Eh) is widely used as an in situ indicator of redox conditions in aquatic environments, and field electrodes typically record a mixed potential generated by multiple concurrent interfacial redox reactions. Beyond a simple Nernstian interpretation based on a single redox couple, here we ask what mechanistic information can be extracted from an observed relationship between Eh and a single chemical species under mixed-potential conditions, focusing on dissolved oxygen. Using a linearized mixed-potential formulation, we show that the sensitivity ∂Eh/∂(ln a<sub>x</sub>) can be decomposed into (i) Nernstian contributions and (ii) kinetic contributions from multiple reactions. Consequently, an approximately constant log-linear ln[O2]-Eh sensitivity does not require dominance by a single couple (e.g., O2/H2O); it can also arise when the effective reaction set contributing to the mixed potential and their relative weights remain approximately invariant, suggesting that this relationship can serve as a compact indicator of redox-network stability.</p>\n<p>To examine whether such slope stability and breakdown are observable in the field, we apply this interpretation to a 21-month, multi-site time series from a constructed shallow pond in Japan, where dissolved oxygen and electrode redox potential were co-measured at weekly fixed depths and along biweekly vertical profiles. Channel excavation produced a pond-wide electrical conductivity anomaly, and change-point detection was used to define pre- and post-disturbance regimes. During the pre-disturbance regime, the ln[O2]-Eh slope was relatively stable across sites. After disturbance, the inflow-proximal site exhibited a weakened slope and systematically elevated Eh relative to the pre-disturbance baseline; notably, baseline-referenced Eh deviations peaked after the EC anomaly had largely relaxed, and a follow-up survey in February 2025 indicated partial recovery. Co-located Eh and oxygen measurements can thus provide a simple, system-level indicator of disturbance-driven redox-network reconfiguration and recovery, while recognizing that comprehensive speciation remains necessary to identify the dominant redox couples.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Redox potential"
                },
                {
                    "word": "dissolved oxygen"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Redox network structur"
                },
                {
                    "word": "High-resolution monitoring"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Causal time-series analysis"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2025-11-23T04:55:02.470000+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2025-11-23T15:33:51.206000+01:00",
            "date_published": "2025-11-23T15:33:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5CF4T",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 123956,
                    "first_name": "Kyoko",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Morimoto",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 123776,
                    "first_name": "Mayumi",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Seto",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 123957,
                    "first_name": "Katsutoshi",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Ito",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 123958,
                    "first_name": "Mana",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Ito",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Biogeochemistry"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Manuscript_preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/10896/download/19952/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "manuscript.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/10896/download/21375/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "manuscript.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/10896/download/21376/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "preprint_20260223.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/10896/download/21387/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 9161,
            "title": "Aligning emissions with decisionmaking: estimating urban contributions to global carbon dioxide emissions",
            "abstract": "<p>Urban areas are widely viewed as central to the global carbon challenge, yet estimates of the urban contribution to global CO2 emissions vary substantially because studies define “urban” and allocate emissions using different boundaries and accounting perspectives. We address this challenge by introducing a globally consistent, administrative-boundary framework that aligns emissions with governance units and distinguishes urban centres, peri-urban areas, and rural areas across all subnational administrative divisions worldwide. This governance-aligned classification provides a consistent basis for urban emissions typologies, enabling comparable urban emission quantification across regions and accounting perspectives. Combining high-resolution territorial emissions inventories (EDGAR, ODIAC, CEDS) with global consumption-based footprints (GGMCF), we estimate that in 2022 urban jurisdictions (urban centres + peri-urban areas) account for 72-76% of global territorial CO2 emissions, with urban centres contributing 30-37% and 39-42% from peri-urban areas. Using consumption-based data, we estimate that urban areas account for ~82% of CO2 emissions in 2015. We further show that the sectoral composition of urban territorial emissions has shifted from 1970 to 2022, with the energy sector increasing in prominence and relative contributions from buildings and industry declining. Finally, comparing territorial and consumption-based estimates across subnational units, we map consumption–production imbalances and find that 63% of regions are net embodied-emissions importers. These results provide a critical update to global assessments of urban emissions and demonstrate the value of pairing territorial and consumption-based accounting on governance-relevant boundaries for interpreting responsibility and identifying mitigation leverage points.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC-By Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce and reproduce, but not Share, Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material, You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, You do not have permission under this Public License to Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only and provided You do not Share Adapted Material;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Urban emissions"
                },
                {
                    "word": "urban-rural classification"
                },
                {
                    "word": "urban climate mitigation and planning"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2025-05-08T23:23:11.669000+02:00",
            "date_accepted": "2025-05-10T03:28:07.030000+02:00",
            "date_published": "2025-05-09T08:30:00+02:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5PB02",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 26880,
                    "first_name": "Ying",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Yu",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 55845,
                    "first_name": "Diego",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Manya",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 21599,
                    "first_name": "Angel",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Hsu",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Social and Behavioral Sciences"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "global_urban_emission.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/9161/download/17091/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "global_urban_emission_v2.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/9161/download/19163/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "ERL_Urban_contribution_anon.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/9161/download/21891/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Manuscript.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/9161/download/21893/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 11897,
            "title": "Mapping Temperature Deviation and Elderly Vulnerability using Open Source Technology: A One-Week Analysis of Manhattan, New York City",
            "abstract": "This paper outlines a research method for collecting, analyzing, and visualizing real-time temperature data for cities using open data and open source technology. The system collects temperature data for each census tract in Manhattan three times daily via the OpenWeather API and stores observations in a PostgreSQL/PostGIS database. A one-week pilot study (November 15-22, 2025) analyzed 8,990 temperature observations across Manhattan's 310 census tracts, revealing a borough-wide temperature range of 38.3°F to 55.2°F, including a mean of 45.4°F and standard deviation of 4.4°F. Census tract 263 (Washington Heights) recorded the coldest temperature (38.3°F), while tract 2.02 (Lower East Side) recorded the warmest (55.2°F). Tract 303 (Inwood) exhibited the highest internal temperature variability with a standard deviation of 4.6°F across the study period. A vulnerability index combining temperature deviation with elderly population density identified census tract 181 (Upper West Side) as having the highest risk during the study period. This approach establishes a scalable, replicable model for continuous climate monitoring to inform urban planning, design, and policy. Ongoing data collection and analysis are proposed in the paper. The active project is viewable at: https://terrestrialresearch.com/machinelearning/agetemp/tempage.html.   \n",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC-BY Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "urban heat island"
                },
                {
                    "word": "open data"
                },
                {
                    "word": "elderly vulnerability"
                },
                {
                    "word": "real-time temperature monitoring"
                },
                {
                    "word": "microclimate variability"
                },
                {
                    "word": "climate adaptation planning"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-02-23T19:20:55.451453+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-02-24T08:43:18.233203+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-02-24T08:43:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5Q76M",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 128198,
                    "first_name": "Aurash",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Khawarzad",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Geographic Information Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Nature and Society Relations"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Remote Sensing"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "temppaper-preprint-feb26.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11897/download/21389/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 9367,
            "title": "Extrapolation Approaches for Creating Comprehensive Measurement-Based Methane Emissions Inventories",
            "abstract": "<p>Measurement-based methane emissions inventories are essential for U.S. oil and natural gas operators to track their progress toward emissions targets, demonstrate the impact of improved operational and monitoring practices, and enable the scientific community to monitor methane budgets at various scales. However, translating raw emission measurement data, whether from continuous monitoring systems, aerial flyovers, or operational cause analyses, into emissions inventories is nontrivial, and advertised inventory numbers often lack any information about the methodology used to produce them. In this paper, we introduce the concept of a comprehensive measurement-based emissions inventory, which represents all emissions across the entire time frame, across all spatial assets, and of all emission sizes for the target scope. We carefully characterize some of the extrapolation efforts necessary to create a comprehensive emissions inventory estimate with data from either continuous monitoring systems or aerial flyover measurements. Understanding these methods is essential to create defensible emissions inventory reports that adhere to reporting frameworks such as Veritas and the Oil and Gas Methane Partnership 2.0. We provide simple examples to illustrate the sensitivity of annual emissions estimates to the various extrapolation approaches and highlight the challenges, strengths, and limitations when working with data from each of the technologies.<!--EndFragment--></p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "methane"
                },
                {
                    "word": " extrapolation"
                },
                {
                    "word": " measurement informed inventory"
                },
                {
                    "word": " greenhouse gas inventory"
                },
                {
                    "word": " Oil and gas"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Extrapolation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Measurement Informed Inventory"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Greenhouse Gas Inventory"
                },
                {
                    "word": "oil and gas"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2025-06-07T00:41:16.891000+02:00",
            "date_accepted": "2025-06-07T16:18:46.646000+02:00",
            "date_published": "2025-06-07T16:18:00+02:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.5c00455",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5K14J",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 109824,
                    "first_name": "Bailey",
                    "middle_name": "K.",
                    "last_name": "Fosdick",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 109823,
                    "first_name": "Zachary",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Weller",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 109825,
                    "first_name": "Hon",
                    "middle_name": "Xing",
                    "last_name": "Wong",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 109822,
                    "first_name": "Abigail",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Corbett",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 109826,
                    "first_name": "Yannik",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Roell",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 109827,
                    "first_name": "Ellie",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Martinez",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 109828,
                    "first_name": "Amanda",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Berry",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 109829,
                    "first_name": "Natalia",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Gielczowski",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 109819,
                    "first_name": "Kristian",
                    "middle_name": "D.",
                    "last_name": "Hajny",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-3249-7157"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 109830,
                    "first_name": "Chris",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Moore",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Monitoring"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Oil, Gas, and Energy"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "GTI MII Preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/9367/download/17478/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "CHK MII Preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/9367/download/17493/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "GTI MII Preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/9367/download/17494/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "GTI MII Preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/9367/download/17696/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://github.com/yroell-gti/operator_mii_extrapolations",
                    "label": "Supplementary Data and Code"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 7594,
            "title": "Interactions between human activities and natural processes shape specific conductance and ion composition of United States lakes",
            "abstract": "<p>Specific conductance (SC) and major ions are important water quality constituents and key indicators of freshwater salinization. Being relatively conservative and less influenced by biological activity, they integrate hydrologic, climatic, and anthropogenic influences, allowing us to track and understand lake responses to global change. However, the patterns and drivers of macroscale (regional to continental) variation of these water chemistry parameters for populations of lakes are relatively unknown. We examined the spatial variations in SC (N=9,784 lakes) and major anion and cation composition and concentrations (N=1,218 lakes) across the conterminous United States, and quantified their relationships with a wide range of natural and human factors. High SC lakes were mainly located in the Plains, Desert Southwest, and Florida. While calcium and bicarbonate were the dominant ions in 46% of the study lakes, chloride was dominant in 14% of lakes, and magnesium and sulfate were the dominant cation and anion, respectively, in 8% of lakes. Among the multiple natural drivers we tested, the primary controls of SC and ion composition were soil, hydrology, and climate. However, their influences differed substantially across ecoregions and among lakes due to interactive effects among them and with human disturbances. Moreover, chloride exhibited strong anthropogenic signals, with concentrations predominantly related to road density and urban development. Our study builds upon previous local and regional work by documenting nationwide variations in ion concentrations and composition. While natural processes shape baseline ionic assemblage, human activities are the primary context modulating these effects and can cause considerable deviations in ion concentrations and composition, contributing to freshwater salinization and impacting ionic interactions and lake biota.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC-BY Attribution-No Derivatives 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY-ND 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce and reproduce, but not Share, Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material, You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, You do not have permission under this Public License to Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database, provided You do not Share Adapted Material;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Lake salinity"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Specific conductance"
                },
                {
                    "word": "salt"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Major ions"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Geology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "hydrology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Road density"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Macroscale"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2024-08-23T15:40:15.451000+02:00",
            "date_accepted": "2024-08-23T19:34:28.966000+02:00",
            "date_published": "2024-08-23T12:34:00+02:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2026.125486",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X58T4P",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 50200,
                    "first_name": "Xinyu",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Sun",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-5758-9790"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 50201,
                    "first_name": "Kendra",
                    "middle_name": "Spence",
                    "last_name": "Cheruvelil",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 85346,
                    "first_name": "Patrick",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Hanly",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 85347,
                    "first_name": "Katherine",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Webster",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 85345,
                    "first_name": "Patricia",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Soranno",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Earth Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Other Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "salt manuscript Sun et al preprint.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/7594/download/14436/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "SC ions manuscript Sun et al preprint 2.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/7594/download/15544/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Salt manuscript Sun et al. preprint 3.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/7594/download/19541/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 11900,
            "title": "Household water storage compromises drinking water safety in a “safely managed” system",
            "abstract": "While nearly three-quarters of the globe use safely managed drinking water services, water quality can deteriorate between the point of service provision and point of consumption due to intermittent supply and the need to store water at the household level. To test if water storage contributes to waterborne pathogen hazards, we estimated prevalence and concentration of enteric pathogens in piped and stored drinking water samples in Beira, Mozambique, using large-volume sampling methods. We assessed water sample concentrates for microbial contamination from bacterial, protozoan, viral, helminthic, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and microbial source tracking targets with RT-qPCR using a custom TaqMan Array Card. We found that enteric pathogens, AMR targets, and human mtDNA were more prevalent in stored drinking water compared to household tap water. We also detected enteric pathogens— including Cryptosporidium, Giardia, pathogenic Escherichia coli, and rotavirus— directly from 13% (11/87) of piped sources connected to a well-managed, but intermittent, water supply system, albeit less frequently than in stored water. These findings suggest that without continuity in service delivery combined with effective filtration treatment in piped supplies and safe storage microbial contamination of drinking water at the point of use may continue to occur.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Household storage"
                },
                {
                    "word": " drinking water"
                },
                {
                    "word": " intermittent supply"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-02-23T23:00:17.152484+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-02-24T08:45:09.466843+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-02-24T08:45:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5KJ2Z",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 130838,
                    "first_name": "Yarrow",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Linden",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-7851-9695"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130839,
                    "first_name": "Erin",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Kowalsky",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130840,
                    "first_name": "Kevin",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Zhu",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130841,
                    "first_name": "Christine",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Fagnant-Sperati",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-9794-307X"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 123671,
                    "first_name": "Sandy",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "McGunegill",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130842,
                    "first_name": "Arnaldo",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Cumbana",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130843,
                    "first_name": "Magalhães",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Mangamela",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 123675,
                    "first_name": "Rassul",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Nalá",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 123676,
                    "first_name": "Matthew  C.",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Freeman",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 107171,
                    "first_name": "Karen",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Levy",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-0968-9401"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 3975,
                    "first_name": "Joe",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Brown",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Public Health"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "PWAT-D-26-00021.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11900/download/21394/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": [
                {
                    "url": "https://osf.io/2kc37/",
                    "label": "Public data"
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "pk": 11902,
            "title": "A bias-corrected & downscaled massive ensemble to diagnose uncertainty in climate impact projections",
            "abstract": "Projections of climate change and climate impacts requires bias-corrected, downscaled output from ensembles of earth system models (ESMs). Potential impacts are uncertain due to modeling differences between ESMs, internal variability stemming from the chaos of the earth system, and differences in the historical reference datasets used to bias-corrected and downscale ESM output. Here, we introduce the Bias-Corrected and Downscaled Massive Ensemble (BCD-ME), a set of over 1,400 projections of daily mean and maximum temperature. The BCD-ME samples model and internal uncertainty with up to 86 runs from 12 Large Ensembles and uncertainty in the reference dataset by using 4 different reanalysis products to bias-correct and downscale output. Output is organized by Global Warming Levels (GWL), accounting for differences between forcing scenarios and ESM climate sensitivities. The ensemble contains 20-year daily time series for each GWL on a uniform 1-degree grid, bias-corrected using Quantile Delta Mapping, and statistics of 20-year time series for each GWL on a uniform 0.25-degree grid, downscaled using Quantile-Preserving Localized Analog Downscaling. The BCD-ME is stored in Analysis-Ready, Cloud-Optimized (ARCO) Zarr stores, enabling efficient computation of the 97 TB (uncompressed) dataset.  ",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "climate projections"
                },
                {
                    "word": "climate uncertainty"
                },
                {
                    "word": "bias-correction"
                },
                {
                    "word": "downscaling"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-02-24T02:39:14.014869+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-02-24T08:41:18.113408+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-02-24T08:41:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5TX9K",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 21149,
                    "first_name": "Kevin",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Schwarzwald",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-8309-7124"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 21058,
                    "first_name": "Nathan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Lenssen",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-6601-4187"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130863,
                    "first_name": "Radley",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Horton",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130862,
                    "first_name": "Gernot",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Wagner",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Atmospheric Sciences"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Climate"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "bcd_me_preprint_eartharxiv.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11902/download/21397/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 11653,
            "title": "Energy-Driven Radius Evolution of Chthonian Planets: A Viscoelastic Maxwell Framework with Applications to Earth",
            "abstract": "<p>Chthonian planets—dense rocky or metallic remnants of gas giants stripped of their gaseous envelopes—experience extreme internal pressures and energy densities, making their structural evolution fundamentally different from classical terrestrial planets. We aim to develop a physically grounded framework to describe energy-driven radius evolution in such bodies and to understand how internal properties control their structural changes. Using mass conservation, hydrostatic equilibrium, and the virial theorem, we link changes in internal energy to gravitational potential energy. A single-mode Maxwell viscoelastic model is applied to derive an analytically solvable law for quasi-static radius relaxation. Earth is used as a case study to estimate effective interior viscosities and energy transformations during hypothetical historical expansion. Ultra-compressed interiors resist rapid expansion, while structural adjustments or reductions in viscosity can transiently accelerate radius growth. The model quantifies the influence of internal energy reservoirs on radius evolution and highlights the characteristic viscoelastic timescale of global relaxation. This framework provides a transparent and falsifiable model connecting microphysical planetary properties to macroscopic radius evolution, offering predictive insights for both Earth and exoplanetary chthonian cores.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC-By Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nNonCommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For purposes of this Public License, the exchange of the Licensed Material for other material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights by digital file-sharing or similar means is NonCommercial provided there is no payment of monetary compensation in connection with the exchange.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part, for NonCommercial purposes only; and\r\nproduce and reproduce, but not Share, Adapted Material for NonCommercial purposes only.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties, including when the Licensed Material is used other than for NonCommercial purposes.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material, You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, You do not have permission under this Public License to Share Adapted Material.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database for NonCommercial purposes only and provided You do not Share Adapted Material;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Chthonian Planets"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Planetary Radius Evolution"
                },
                {
                    "word": "energy conservation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Viscoelastic Relaxation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Maxwell Rheology"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Internal Energy"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-02-03T05:53:46.691000+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-02-03T08:05:16.704000+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-02-03T08:05:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X53R19",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 108358,
                    "first_name": "Jan",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Mestan",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-3918-660X"
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Engineering"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "preprint1.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11653/download/21040/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "preprint1.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11653/download/21686/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 7000,
            "title": "Global patterns of commodity-driven deforestation and associated carbon emissions",
            "abstract": "<p>Rapid agriculture-driven deforestation poses considerable challenges to achieving climate and biodiversity targets. However, the limited scope and comprehensiveness of the datasets available for linking deforestation to food production restrict their effectiveness in supporting forest conservation and climate change mitigation efforts. By integrating the best available spatial and statistical datasets, our deforestation attribution framework (DeDuCE) provides a detailed quantification of deforestation associated with the production of agricultural and forestry commodities. DeDuCE reports 9,332 unique country–commodity deforestation–carbon footprints across 179 countries and 184 commodities annually from 2001 to 2022. Our findings indicate that while global efforts to curb deforestation appropriately focus on cattle meat, oil palm, rubber, soya, cocoa and coffee, global monitoring efforts have largely overlooked staple crops such as rice, maize and cassava. Given their substantial contribution to deforestation and carbon emissions, balancing food security with forest and climate conservation will require greater attention to these crops.</p>",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "deforestation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "agriculture"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Forestry"
                },
                {
                    "word": "attribution"
                },
                {
                    "word": "remote sensing"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Carbon emission"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Peatland drainage"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2024-04-18T16:46:07.841000+02:00",
            "date_accepted": "2024-04-18T20:26:31.208000+02:00",
            "date_published": "2024-04-18T13:26:00+02:00",
            "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-026-01305-4",
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5T69B",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 49019,
                    "first_name": "Chandrakant",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Singh",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0001-9092-1855"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 49020,
                    "first_name": "U. Martin",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Persson",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Environmental Monitoring"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Natural Resource Economics"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Statistical Models"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Sustainability"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Manuscript - Preprint (Combined).pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/7000/download/13417/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "Preprint_EarthArXiV.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/7000/download/14511/"
                },
                {
                    "original_filename": "s43016-026-01305-4.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/7000/download/21393/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 12155,
            "title": "Fast and Slow Groundwater Reservoir Dynamics Revealed by Seismic Velocity Changes and Bayesian ICA in a Taiwan Mountain Ridge",
            "abstract": "Mountain block recharge (MBR) is an important but difficult-to-observe component of mountain water budgets, especially in steep terrain where groundwater measurements are sparse. In such settings, relative seismic velocity changes (dv/v) derived from ambient-noise interferometry provide a potential proxy for hydrological storage variations, but interpretation is complicated because each frequency band may reflect a mixture of processes acting at different depths and spatial scales. Here, we investigate whether multi-frequency dv/v can be used to constrain groundwater storage dynamics at the mountain front. We analyse continuous seismic data from a ridge-scale array in Wanrong, Taiwan, together with precipitation, discharge, and borehole groundwater records, for the period March 2015 to June 2016. Daily dv/v time series are estimated in four frequency bands. All bands show pronounced seasonal and event-scale variations, including a strong velocity decrease during the typhoon season, but they differ markedly in amplitude and temporal evolution. Lower-frequency bands correlate more strongly with groundwater levels in the Hualien plain, whereas higher-frequency bands correlate more strongly with groundwater levels near the mountain front, indicating that the observed dv/v signals reflect a superposition of hydrological responses with different characteristic depths and spatial supports. To separate these mixed signals, we apply a Bayesian Independent Component Analysis approach in which the multi-band dv/v observations are represented as a linear mixture of latent reservoir responses. The inversion resolves two distinct characteristic timescales, with posterior median values of 69 and 160 days. Higher-frequency bands are dominated by the fast component, while lower-frequency bands show a larger contribution from the slow component. Event-wise partitioning of precipitation further suggests that a larger fraction of summer rainfall is routed to the slow reservoir during the typhoon season. These results show that multi-frequency seismic velocity monitoring, combined with Bayesian source separation, can resolve fast and slow groundwater storage dynamics in complex mountainous terrain. The approach provides a new observational constraint on MBR-related processes where direct hydrogeological observations are limited.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving image.\r\nAdapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nCopyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nEffective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international agreements.\r\nExceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.\r\nLicensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.\r\nLicensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.\r\nLicensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this Public License.\r\nShare means to provide material to the public by any means or process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.\r\nSui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.\r\nYou means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.\r\nSection 2 – Scope.\r\n\r\nLicense grant.\r\nSubject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:\r\nreproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and\r\nproduce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.\r\nExceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with its terms and conditions.\r\nTerm. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).\r\nMedia and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted Material.\r\nDownstream recipients.\r\nOffer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nNo downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.\r\nNo endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).\r\nOther rights.\r\n\r\nMoral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.\r\nPatent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right to collect such royalties.\r\nSection 3 – License Conditions.\r\n\r\nYour exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following conditions.\r\n\r\nAttribution.\r\n\r\nIf You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:\r\n\r\nretain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed Material:\r\nidentification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);\r\na copyright notice;\r\na notice that refers to this Public License;\r\na notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;\r\na URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably practicable;\r\nindicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication of any previous modifications; and\r\nindicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.\r\nYou may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required information.\r\nIf requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.\r\nIf You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this Public License.\r\nSection 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.\r\n\r\nWhere the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:\r\n\r\nfor the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database;\r\nif You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and\r\nYou must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.\r\nSection 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.\r\n\r\nUnless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer may not apply to You.\r\nTo the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to You.\r\nThe disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.\r\nSection 6 – Term and Termination.\r\n\r\nThis Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.\r\nWhere Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 6(a), it reinstates:\r\n\r\nautomatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or\r\nupon express reinstatement by the Licensor.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.\r\nSections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.\r\nSection 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.\r\n\r\nThe Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.\r\nAny arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.\r\nSection 8 – Interpretation.\r\n\r\nFor the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this Public License.\r\nTo the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and conditions.\r\nNo term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.\r\nNothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or authority.",
                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [],
            "date_submitted": "2026-03-12T19:22:36.914666+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-03-13T03:24:25.487186+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-03-12T07:26:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5DB6V",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 4282,
                    "first_name": "Luc",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Illien",
                    "salutation": "Mr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0003-3411-5669"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133229,
                    "first_name": "Jens",
                    "middle_name": "Martin",
                    "last_name": "Turowski",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133230,
                    "first_name": "Christoff",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Andermann",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133233,
                    "first_name": "Jannik",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Kühn",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133232,
                    "first_name": "Jui-Ming",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Chang",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 133231,
                    "first_name": "Niels",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Hovius",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "preprint1_Taiwan_ILLIEN.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/12155/download/21781/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        },
        {
            "pk": 11908,
            "title": "Rethinking grounding-zone basal drag for improved projections of Antarctic ice loss",
            "abstract": "Ice-stream grounding zones are critical parts of the Antarctic Ice Sheet and we must be able to model how they retreat with confidence. This is because for most of Antarctica, the grounding-zone location determines the flux of ice to the ocean. As such, future grounding-zone locations (as the ice-sheet edge retreats inland) dictate the pattern and rate of ice loss and the associated sea-level rise. Ice flow across the grounding zone is opposed by a combination of ice-shelf buttressing if lateral drag or pinning points are present, and by friction between the ice and its bed - basal drag. While the loss of buttressing and ocean-forced melting of ice shelves are popular research foci, far less attention is paid to resistance at the bed. Here, we revisit the treatment of grounding zones in models and argue for a new approach to basal drag: evolving bed conditions result in highly variable drag that is not captured by existing sliding laws. We begin by reviewing the complex basal processes operating in grounding zones over different timescales, such as tides, evolving subglacial hydrology, and sedimentation. Then, to illustrate the significance of the basal drag term, we run retreat scenarios in the UFEMISM model using an accepted basal sliding law that only varies in its treatment of subglacial hydrology (via effective pressure). Appreciable differences in retreat patterns motivate us to consider how modelling grounding zones may be improved. To reduce uncertainty in ice-loss projections, in tandem with refining ice-shelf melt parameterisations, careful observations from grounding zones and physically-based basal drag parameterisations are required.",
            "license": {
                "name": "CC BY Attribution 4.0 International",
                "short_name": "CC BY 4.0",
                "text": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License\r\n\r\nBy exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (\"Public License\"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions.\r\n\r\nSection 1 – Definitions.\r\n\r\nAdapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the Licensor. 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                "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
            },
            "keywords": [
                {
                    "word": "Ice sheets"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Grounding Zones"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Sedimentation"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Basal drag"
                },
                {
                    "word": "Ice-sheet models"
                }
            ],
            "date_submitted": "2026-02-24T11:28:57.816674+01:00",
            "date_accepted": "2026-02-24T15:16:16.586165+01:00",
            "date_published": "2026-02-24T15:16:00+01:00",
            "doi": null,
            "preprint_doi": "10.31223/X5XQ9F",
            "authors": [
                {
                    "pk": 130833,
                    "first_name": "Kelly",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Hogan",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-1256-8010"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 10494,
                    "first_name": "Jerome",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Neufeld",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-3284-5169"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 50697,
                    "first_name": "Carlos",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Martin",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130873,
                    "first_name": "Martim",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Mas e Braga",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 17271,
                    "first_name": "Alex",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Brisbourne",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 122014,
                    "first_name": "Bernd",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Kulessa",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 17093,
                    "first_name": "Katarzyna",
                    "middle_name": "L P",
                    "last_name": "Warburton",
                    "salutation": "Dr",
                    "orcid": "0000-0002-5537-0557"
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130874,
                    "first_name": "James",
                    "middle_name": "D",
                    "last_name": "Kirkham",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130875,
                    "first_name": "Oliver",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Marsh",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130876,
                    "first_name": "Nicholas",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Holschuh",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130877,
                    "first_name": "Knut",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Christianson",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130878,
                    "first_name": "John",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Paden",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 49496,
                    "first_name": "Christian",
                    "middle_name": "",
                    "last_name": "Berndt",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                },
                {
                    "pk": 130879,
                    "first_name": "Robert",
                    "middle_name": "D",
                    "last_name": "Larter",
                    "salutation": "",
                    "orcid": null
                }
            ],
            "subject": [
                {
                    "name": "Geology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Geomorphology"
                },
                {
                    "name": "Glaciology"
                }
            ],
            "files": [
                {
                    "original_filename": "Hoganetal_Rethinking-grounding-zone-basal-drag_24FEB26.pdf",
                    "mime_type": "application/pdf",
                    "download_url": "/repository/object/11908/download/21402/"
                }
            ],
            "supplementary_files": []
        }
    ]
}